CN107843901B - Laser ranging system and method - Google Patents
Laser ranging system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107843901B CN107843901B CN201711021037.2A CN201711021037A CN107843901B CN 107843901 B CN107843901 B CN 107843901B CN 201711021037 A CN201711021037 A CN 201711021037A CN 107843901 B CN107843901 B CN 107843901B
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- laser
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- light source
- wide spectrum
- transmission channel
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S17/08—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
- G01S7/4811—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements common to transmitter and receiver
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of laser ranging system and method, it include: laser emitting module, transmitting reception light path module, laser pick-off module and computing module altogether, it includes the first transmission channel and the second transmission channel that transmitting, which receives light path module altogether, transmitting receives light path module altogether, initial laser signal for being emitted according to laser emitting module, obtain wide spectrum light source, wide spectrum light source is irradiated on the object under test by the first transmission channel, and wide spectrum light source is received by the second transmission channel and is irradiated to the reflected laser signals that back reflection is returned on object under test；Computing module, for calculating object under test at a distance from laser ranging system.The present invention utilizes the very thin feature of optical fiber, while using two laser transmission channels in same optical fiber, realizing transmitting and receiving optical path ranging altogether, without using multifiber, volume shared by the probe of laser ranging system is greatly had compressed, makes to pop one's head in more flexible, and there is preferable crypticity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to laser ranging fields, more particularly, to a kind of laser ranging system and method.
Background technique
Currently, laser ranging needs to measure the time difference of the laser signal issued with the signal for receiving object return, lead to
Time difference calculating object under test is crossed at a distance from laser range finder.In current laser ranging system, one is included at least and has swashed
Light emitting probe and a laser pick-off probe, laser emission probe and laser pick-off probe are referred to as popping one's head in, and Laser emission is visited
Head is used to emit laser signal, and laser pick-off probe is used to receive the laser signal of object return.In order to make the signal detected
Sufficiently strong, receiving transducer usually also needs to occupy larger volume.Such as certain laser range finders demarcated, all have
Isolated transmitting terminal and receiving end, optical path space is laid out extra repetition in such system；Meanwhile in order to realize to Laser emission
With the control of receiving end, it usually needs the components such as signal processing module are also mounted near transmitting terminal and/or receiving end,
These features cause entire laser ranging system layout to be put not freely, waste space resources, limit laser ranging system
Ranging application under complicated, crowded or severe working environment.
In order to increase the freedom degree and flexibility of laser ranging system, key is to make the probe of laser ranging system to have
There is small, flexible characteristic.Optical fiber has the ability of good conduction light, flexible, and occupied space is small in size, by being subjected to
A variety of physics and chemical treatment are to realize color, surface smoothness, the visually demands such as not noticeable.The optical fiber contacted in life by
In with cable cover, it appears that it is relatively thick, but actually have the part of use value, it is remaining after peelling off cable cover and plastic optical fibre
That a part, diameter usually in 0.1mm order of magnitude or so, is almost " stealthy " in the environment.Thus, it is possible to use optical fiber
To increase the freedom degree and flexibility of laser ranging system.
There are some laser ranging system although to use optical fiber, but still there is isolated laser signal transmitting terminal and reception
End, such as used two optical fiber in a kind of laser positioner of medical fibre-optical probe for the transmitting probe of laser signal and received spy
Head is partially separated out from the apparatus subject of range-measurement system, but in order to guarantee to receive the return laser light signal of object to be measured,
It also needs to be wrapped in multifiber in coarse cable cover, causes probe size huge；A kind of for another example high durable long gauge length light
In optical fiber distance measuring scheme disclosed in fiber grating sensor, used launching fiber all the way and multipath reception optical fiber, entire transmitting and
Receiving transducer part it is bulky.
Use optical fiber that cannot achieve the purpose that be obviously reduced the shared spatial volume of probe as the design of probe similar to above-mentioned,
It more much cannot achieve " stealthy " of laser ranging system in the environment, be unsatisfactory for real requirement, beauty or privacy requirements, no
With competitive advantage.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of a kind of laser ranging system for overcoming the above problem or at least being partially solved the above problem
System and method.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of laser ranging system is provided, comprising: laser emitting module, transmitting receive
Light path module, laser pick-off module and computing module altogether, it includes the first transmission channel and that the transmitting, which receives light path module altogether,
Two transmission channels, the transmitting receive light path module altogether and connect respectively with the laser emitting module, the laser pick-off module,
The computing module is connect with the laser emitting module, the laser pick-off module respectively；The transmitting receives optical path mould altogether
Block, the initial laser signal for being emitted according to the laser emitting module obtain wide spectrum light source, logical by first transmission
Road is irradiated to the wide spectrum light source on the object under test, and receives the wide spectrum light source by second transmission channel and shine
The reflected laser signals that back reflection is returned on the object under test are mapped to, the wide spectrum light source includes that the laser pick-off module is visited
The laser signal of the multi-wavelength measured；The computing module, for according to the emission time for emitting the initial laser signal
Time difference between the time of reception of the reception reflected laser signals, calculate the object under test and the laser ranging system
The distance of system.
Preferably, the transmitting receives light path module altogether and specifically includes: all -fiber transmission unit, the first collimation coupling unit
With the first dispersion element, all -fiber transmission unit includes main fiber, the main fiber include first transmission channel and
Second transmission channel, the first collimation coupling unit are separated with all -fiber transmission unit, the first dispersion list
It is first to be separated with the first collimation coupling unit；The all -fiber transmission unit, for obtaining according to the initial laser signal
Wide spectrum light source projects the wide spectrum light source from the main fiber by first transmission channel, and passes by described second
Wide spectrum light source described in defeated channel reception is irradiated to the reflected laser signals that back reflection is returned on the object under test；Described first is quasi-
Straight coupling unit for collimating to the wide spectrum light source, and couples reflected laser signals, so that all -fiber passes
Defeated unit receives the reflected laser signals by second transmission channel；First dispersion element, after making collimation
Wide spectrum light source diverging so that the wide spectrum light source is irradiated on the object under test.
It preferably, include rare earth element in the material of the main fiber.
Preferably, the main fiber further includes the first grating group and/or the second grating group, and the first grating group includes more
A reflectivity is not less than 90% grating, and the second grating group includes grating of multiple reflectivity between 1%~30%.
Preferably, the end face at the main fiber both ends is inclined-plane.
Preferably, the spectral width at the place wide spectrum light source -3dB is not less than 5nm.
Preferably, the laser emitting module specifically includes: the semiconductor laser of 970nm~980nm wavelength.
Preferably, the laser pick-off module specifically includes: the second collimation coupling unit, the second dispersion element and detection are single
Member；The second collimation coupling unit, for being collimated to the reflected laser signals；Second dispersion element, is used for
Reflected laser signals after collimation are dissipated；The probe unit, for being connect to the reflected laser signals after diverging
It receives.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of laser distance measurement method is provided, comprising:
The initial laser signal that light path module emits according to the laser emitting module 2 altogether is received by the transmitting, is obtained
Wide spectrum light source is obtained, is irradiated to the wide spectrum light source on the object under test by first transmission channel, and by described
Second transmission channel receives the wide spectrum light source and is irradiated to the reflected laser signals that back reflection is returned on the object under test, described
Wide spectrum light source includes the laser signal for the multi-wavelength that the laser pick-off module detects；By the computing module according to hair
The time difference between the emission time of the initial laser signal and the time of reception of the reception reflected laser signals is penetrated, is calculated
The object under test is at a distance from the laser ranging system.
The present invention proposes a kind of laser ranging system and method, using the very thin feature of optical fiber, while utilizing optical fiber first
Two laser transmission channels that transmission channel and the second transmission channel provide realize transmitting and reception optical path ranging altogether, without
Using multifiber, volume shared by the probe of laser ranging system is greatly had compressed, makes to pop one's head in more flexible, and is had preferable
Crypticity；The characteristics of flexible using optical fiber, configurable length, the other parts and transmitting that laser ranging system may be implemented are visited
Head, to receive probe suitably separate, thus the space layout freedom degree of improving laser range-measurement system, make the direction of detection, posture,
Angle is more flexible, not the influence of the too fat to move volume of stimulated light range-measurement system other parts, and probe can be worked narrow, recessed
It is convex it is uneven, repeatedly bending, block, under humidity, submergence, sealing, electromagnetic interference, the complexity such as radiation or poor working conditions, and
Laser ranging system other parts are placed in home, the safeguard procedures or power supply without considering circuit system, which are pulled strings, etc. asks
Topic；Simultaneously using the wide spectrum characteristic of the light source of this laser ranging system, realize in synchronization to the point on the single line of space
Quick distance measurement realizes spacescan without rotating detector mechanical in the dimension of the point range, has both improved space three-dimensional knot
The measuring speed of structure or face type, and probe size has greatly been saved because excessive dependence mechanical driving member is avoided,
The freedom degree and flexibility of probe layout are improved, and the brings measurement accuracy such as reduce mechanical oscillation, accuracy decline are asked
Topic.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of laser ranging system of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is a kind of schematic diagram of the Laser emission optical path of laser ranging system of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is a kind of schematic diagram of the laser pick-off optical path of laser ranging system of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is a kind of initial laser signal for emitting optical path laser ranging system altogether that receives of the embodiment of the present invention in main fiber
Middle schematic diagram of transmission process；
Fig. 5 is a kind of reflected laser signals for emitting optical path laser ranging system altogether that receive of the embodiment of the present invention in main fiber
Middle schematic diagram of transmission process；
Fig. 6 is that schematic diagram is arranged in a kind of grating of laser ranging system of the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail.Implement below
Example is not intended to limit the scope of the invention for illustrating the present invention.
Optical fiber laser is a kind of common laser, by using doped rare earth element glass optical fiber swashing as gain media
Light device, optical fiber laser can developed on the basis of fiber amplifier: easily be formed in optical fiber under the action of pump light
High power density causes the laser levels " population inversion " of working-laser material, can shape when being suitably added positive feedback loop
It is exported at laser generation.
The common cladding pumping technique in optical fiber laser, is exactly injected into light for pump light needed for optical fiber laser
The second fine transmission channel, these pump lights cross the interface between the first transmission channel and the second transmission channel and enter first
Transmission channel, while gain media being excited to issue laser, but the laser of gain media excitation is because of the first transmission channel and the
Interface between two transmission channels is fettered without can enter covering, this technology actually prompts, can in same root optical fiber
With transmission " two-beam ".
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of laser ranging system of the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, the laser ranging system
System includes: that light path module, laser pick-off module 3 and computing module 4, the transmitting receive altogether for laser emitting module 2, transmitting reception
Light path module includes the first transmission channel and the second transmission channel altogether, the transmitting receive be total to light path module respectively with the laser
Transmitting module, the laser pick-off module 3 connection, the computing module 4 connect with the laser emitting module, the laser respectively
Module 3 is received to connect；The transmitting receives light path module altogether, the initial laser letter for being emitted according to the laser emitting module
Number, wide spectrum light source is obtained, is irradiated to the wide spectrum light source on the object under test by first transmission channel, and pass through
Second transmission channel receives the wide spectrum light source and is irradiated to the reflected laser signals that back reflection is returned on the object under test,
The wide spectrum light source includes the laser signal for the multi-wavelength that the laser pick-off module 3 detects；The computing module 4 is used
According to the emission time for emitting the initial laser signal and receive the reflected laser signals the time of reception between when
Between it is poor, calculate the object under test at a distance from the laser ranging system.
It includes that main fiber 10, main fiber 10 include that the first transmission channel 12 and second passes all the way that transmitting, which receives light path module altogether,
Defeated channel 13, laser emitting module 2 receive light path module altogether with transmitting by the first optical fiber 15 and connect, and laser pick-off module 3 is logical
Cross the second optical fiber 16 with transmitting receive altogether light path module connect, computing module 4 respectively with laser emitting module 2, laser pick-off mould
The both ends of block 3 connect.
In the laser ranging system course of work, laser emitting module 2 emits initial laser signal, initial laser signal
It is exactly pump light described above, is transmitted in main fiber 10 by the first optical fiber 15, the of the first optical fiber 15 and main fiber 10
The coupling of two transmission channels 13, initial laser are entered the second transmission channel 13 of main fiber 10 by the first optical fiber 15, pass through second
Interface between transmission channel 13 and the first transmission channel 12 excites the gain in main fiber 10 into the first transmission channel 12
Medium issues laser, but the laser of gain media excitation is because of the boundary between the first transmission channel 12 and the second transmission channel 13
Pencil of planes is tied up without can enter the second transmission channel 13, and the laser of gain media excitation is in the first transmission channel for passing through main fiber 10
Amplified when 12, is then emitted in the end of main fiber 10, obtains wide spectrum light source, which includes multiple central wavelengths
Different laser, outgoing wide range pulsed laser signal have beam quality more higher than laser diode (LD).
It should be noted that so-called gain media, the central wavelength that is needed according to laser ranging system and used
Pumping source can be the rare earth elements such as ytterbium, erbium, thulium, holmium, praseodymium or the combination of other substances.
The reflected laser signals returned by object under test, the numerical aperture of reflected laser signals are typically larger than main fiber 10
The numerical aperture of first transmission channel 12, therefore the first transmission channel 12 of main fiber 10 can hardly be entered, if at this time by leading
First transmission channel 12 of optical fiber 10, which receives, returns to optical signal, then receiving efficiency is very low.Therefore, reflected laser signals mainly exist
It is transmitted in second transmission channel 13 of main fiber 10.
Second optical fiber 16 is also coupled with the second transmission channel 13 of main fiber 10, and reflected laser signals pass through the second optical fiber 16
It is received by laser pick-off module 3, computing module 4 emits initial laser signal and laser pick-off module 3 according to laser emitting module 2
The time difference for receiving reflected laser signals calculates distance of the object under test away from laser ranging system.
For example, the ambient refractive index between laser ranging system and object under test is n, the equivalent optical path of optical fiber in the optical path
The distance between object under test and laser ranging system s can be obtained for l, vacuum light speed c are as follows:
It should be noted that the first optical fiber 15 coupled with the second transmission channel 13 of main fiber 10 and the second optical fiber 16 also with
Position, the direction of the second transmission channel 13 coupling of main fiber 10 do not have necessary requirement, to adapt under practical service environment
Subject to system structure and realization ranging effect.
It should also be noted that, optical fiber or lateral refraction with the first transmission channel and multiple second transmission channels
Rate is distributed the optical fiber of consecutive variations, any the first transmission channel for being equivalent to optical fiber and the second transmission channel, for initially swashing
The object for two transmission channels that optical signal and reflected laser signals use, all can serve as main fiber use, and transmission is initial
The channel of laser signal just equally becomes so-called first transmission channel of the present invention, transmits the channel of reflected laser signals just etc.
Effect ground becomes so-called second transmission channel of the present invention.
The present invention utilizes the very thin feature of optical fiber, while being provided using the first transmission channel of optical fiber and the second transmission channel
Two transmission lines realize that transmitting and the total optical path ranging of reception greatly have compressed Laser Measuring without using multifiber
Volume shared by probe away from system makes to pop one's head in more flexible, and has preferable crypticity；Flexible using optical fiber, configurable length
The other parts and transmitting and to receive probe suitably separate of laser ranging system may be implemented, to be promoted and be in the characteristics of spending
The space layout freedom degree of system keeps the direction detected, posture, angle more flexible, and stimulated light range-measurement system other parts are not too fat to move
The influence of volume, and make probe can work it is narrow, uneven, repeatedly bending, block, moist, submergence, seal, electric
Under the complexity such as magnetic disturbance, radiation or poor working conditions, and system other parts are placed in home, without considering system
The problems such as safeguard procedures of circuit or power supply are pulled strings；The wide spectrum characteristic of the light source of this laser ranging system, In are utilized simultaneously
Synchronization realizes the quick distance measurement to the point on the single line of space, comes without rotating detector mechanical in the dimension of the point range real
Existing spacescan had not only improved the measuring speed of space three-dimensional structure or face type, but also had driven because avoiding the excessive machinery that relies on
Dynamic component and greatly saved probe size, improve the freedom degree and flexibility of probe layout, and reduce mechanical oscillation
Etc. brings measurement accuracy, accuracy decline problem.
On the basis of the above embodiments, it is preferable that the transmitting receives light path module altogether and specifically includes: all -fiber transmission
Unit 1, first collimates coupling unit 5 and the first dispersion element 6, and all -fiber transmission unit 1 includes main fiber 10, the master
Optical fiber 10 include first transmission channel 12 and second transmission channel 13, it is described first collimation coupling unit 5 with it is described
All -fiber transmission unit 1 separates, and first dispersion element 6 is separated with the first collimation coupling unit 5；The all -fiber passes
Defeated unit 1, for obtaining wide spectrum light source, making the width by first transmission channel 12 according to the initial laser signal
Spectrum light source is projected from the main fiber 10, and by second transmission channel 13 receive the wide spectrum light source be irradiated to described in
Survey the reflected laser signals that back reflection is returned on object；The first collimation coupling unit 5, for quasi- to the wide spectrum light source
Directly, and to reflected laser signals it couples, so that all -fiber transmission unit 1 is connect by second transmission channel 13
Receive the reflected laser signals；First dispersion element 6, for dissipating the wide spectrum light source after collimation, so that the width
Spectrum light source is irradiated on the object under test.
Transmitting, which receives light path module altogether, can specifically include following module: all -fiber transmission unit 1, collimation coupling are single
Member 5 and the first dispersion element 6.
The port of all -fiber transmission unit 1 includes at least one pumping starting point 151；At least one probe tip 169；Extremely
Few 1 main fiber end 19.It is known as first from pumping starting point 151 along the part that optical fiber reaches first fiber coupling point
Optical fiber 15；It is known as the second optical fiber 16 from probe tip 169 along the part that optical fiber reaches first fiber coupling point.
It include main fiber 10, the first optical fiber 15 and the second optical fiber 16 in all -fiber transmission unit 1, wherein main fiber 10 is
It is doped with the doubly clad optical fiber of rare earth element, rare earth element refers to that ytterbium, erbium, thulium, holmium, praseodymium etc., main fiber 10 divide for the first transmission
Channel 12 and the second transmission channel 13 two layers.
Coupling unit 5 and all -fiber transmission unit 1 are collimated with certain spaced apart, coupling unit 5 is collimated and is used for key light
The light beam of the laser signal of 10 outgoing of fibre is collimated, while the reflected laser signals of object under test being compressed, and makes it more
It is easily coupled in the second transmission channel 13 of main fiber 10.
First dispersion element 6 can collimation laser signals disperse after collimating coupling unit 5 to different directions, often
The distance that laser is passed by a direction is exactly object to be measured at a distance from laser ranging system.
In laser ranging system use process, Fig. 2 is a kind of Laser emission of laser ranging system of the embodiment of the present invention
The schematic diagram of optical path, as shown in Fig. 2, the arrow in figure indicates the transmission direction of initial laser signal, laser emitting module 2 emits
Initial laser signal is transferred in the first transmission channel 12 of main fiber 10 by the first optical fiber 15, excites the first transmission channel
Laser gain medium issues laser in 12, which is an amplified spontaneous emission wide spectrum light source, then single by collimation coupling
After member 5, become collimation laser, subsequently into the first dispersion element 6,6 collimation laser dispersion of the first dispersion element is to different
Direction, in the laser irradiation to object under test after dispersion.
Fig. 3 is a kind of schematic diagram of the laser pick-off optical path of laser ranging system of the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in figure 3, figure
In arrow indicate the transmission directions of reflected laser signals, object to be measured reflects the laser of different directions after dispersion, instead
Laser signal is penetrated after the first dispersion element 6, using collimation coupling unit 5, the reflection for collimating 5 pairs of coupling unit divergings swashs
Optical signal is collimated, and reflected laser signals is made to be easier to be coupled in the second transmission channel 13 of optical fiber 10.Reflection laser letter
It number transmits in the second transmission channel 13 of optical fiber 10, reaches in laser pick-off module 3 by the second optical fiber 16.Computing module 4
Emit initial laser signal according to laser emitting module 2 and laser pick-off module 3 receives the time difference of reflected laser signals, meter
Calculate distance of the object under test away from laser ranging system.
The present invention allows return optical signal to be coupled into main fiber second by the way that system structure and parameter is rationally arranged
Transmission channel transmission, which adds the reception abilities of main fiber.Reflection laser into the second transmission channel of main fiber is believed
Number pass through the second optical fiber, detected by laser pick-off module.Laser occurs module and laser pick-off module and all connects with computing module
It connects, when computing module, which measures whole system, issues time difference of the initial laser signal to reception reflected laser signals, Bian Kejie
Close the distance that other data calculate object under test apart from laser ranging system.
On the basis of the above embodiments, it is preferable that the end face at the main fiber both ends is inclined-plane.
Oblique angle is cut out on the end of main fiber 10 19 and the idle end 11 of main fiber 10, to inhibit optical fiber inner face anti-
It penetrates to form resonant cavity, controls pulse temporal width.On the port of main fiber 10, Ying Jinhang anti-reflection processing can reduce in this way
Reflection of the light on the inside of end in main fiber 10, inhibits the Resonant cavity oscillation Effect in main fiber, and this processing can be key light
Do bevel in fine end.
On the basis of the above embodiments, it is preferable that include rare earth element in the material of the main fiber.
It on the basis of the above embodiments, specifically, is collimation coupling unit 5 at 19 rear of main fiber end, coupling is quasi-
Straight unit 5 includes but is not limited to convex lens, the present embodiment by convex lens group at collimation coupling unit 5 for.Collimation coupling is single
Member 5 includes the first convex lens 51 and the second convex lens 52, if the focal length of the first convex lens 51 is f1, the focal length of the second convex lens 52
For f2, using the formula of the Calculation of Optical Path it is found that the spacing between the first convex lens 51 and the second convex lens 52 should be greater than or be equal to f1
+f2, and the first convex lens 51 should be typically secured at such value with 10 distance of main fiber, such value is so that at this time by leading to
The waist of laser beam after crossing the first convex lens 51 is fallen on the front focal plane of the second convex lens 52, in this way, going out from main fiber 10
The amplified initial laser signal penetrated can get best collimating effect.Meanwhile and reflected laser signals can be made to be easier coupling
It closes in the second transmission channel 13 of main fiber 10.
Using lens system, most simply, using one piece of convex lens, its focal length and position are adjusted, so that it is for key light
The laser signal light beam of the first transmission channel outgoing in fibre realizes collimation, and reflected laser signals is enabled to pass through lens
System is relatively assembled, and the efficiency for returning and being optically coupled into the second transmission channel in main fiber is improved.In addition, in addition to using
The lens system separated with main fiber, can also using in the calcination of main fiber end, burn into grinding and polishing, paste that form optical fiber micro-
The means such as mirror, or connection expanded core fiber, self-focusing optical fiber, realize the function of collimating and couple.
It should be noted that using simple lens, other lenses group or use the calcination of main fiber end, burn into grinding and polishing,
It pastes the methods of the optical fibre microlens formed, expanded core fiber and forms collimation and coupled system, it is also possible.
On the basis of the above embodiments, specifically, dispersion element 6, dispersion list are set at the rear of collimation coupling unit 5
Member 6 includes a prism group 61 of one group of same distance setting, which includes but is not limited to direct vision prism, the present embodiment
By taking direct vision prism as an example, select central wavelength of the 1064nm or so as direct vision prism, and make angle dispersive power reach 0.05 °/
Nm, in this way, for as above typically used as 20nm spectral width, it can be on the single line for obtaining about 1.74m length other than 100 meters
Each point range information.
On the basis of the above embodiments, specifically, laser emitting module is specially pulse type semiconductor laser 21, is led to
Crossing the first optical fiber 15, light path module is connect altogether with transmitting reception.First optical fiber 15 is typically partly led with the pulse of 976nm or so
Body laser 21 connects.
On the basis of the above embodiments, specifically, the laser pick-off module 3 specifically includes: the second collimation coupling is single
First 31, second dispersion element 32 and probe unit 33；The second collimation coupling unit 31, for the reflected laser signals
It is collimated；Second dispersion element 32, is dissipated for the reflected laser signals after collimation；The probe unit
33, for being received to the reflected laser signals after diverging.
Laser pick-off module 3 includes the second collimation coupling unit 31, the second dispersion element 32 and linear array photo detecting unit 33.
Specifically, after the probe tip 169 of the second optical fiber 16, setting the second collimation coupling unit 31, the second collimation coupling unit
31 include but is not limited to for one group of lens；At the rear of the second collimation coupling unit 31, the second dispersion element 32, the second color are set
The preferably one group of prism of throwaway member 32, and at the rear of the second dispersion element 32, linear array optical detection is arranged in the light splitting surface along prism
Unit 33, linear array photo detecting unit 33 are an alignment battle array optical detector, which swashs for receiving or detecting reflection
Optical signal.
If linear array optical detector can differentiate the pulse signal of m point, each point both corresponds to the one of 61 rear of prism group
A direction, in this way, being measured by computing module 4 per reflected laser signals all the way when this m point is respectively received and returns to optical signal
The time difference of initial laser signal is issued with impulse semiconductor laser 21.Determinand in each direction is calculated according to the following formula
The distance s of bodyiAre as follows:
Wherein, i=1,2 ..., m.
On the basis of the above embodiments, it is preferable that computing module 4 typically comprises computer or other equipment, and
It is connect with laser emitting module 2, laser pick-off module 3.It, will be in master when impulse semiconductor laser 21 issues a pulse
It is 1064nm or so that optical fiber connector 19, which inspires a central wavelength, and spectrum width is greater than the wide spectrum light source of 20nm.
On the basis of the above embodiments, it is preferable that the spectral width at the place wide spectrum light source -3dB is not less than 5nm.
Fig. 4 is a kind of initial laser signal for emitting optical path laser ranging system altogether that receives of the embodiment of the present invention in main fiber
Middle schematic diagram of transmission process, as shown in figure 4, oblique angle is cut into the end face of main fiber end 19, initial laser signal is in main fiber
It is transmitted in one transmission channel 12, due to the interfaced barrier between the first transmission channel 12 and the second transmission channel 13, initial laser
Signal will not enter in the second transmission channel 13, and the second transmission channel outer 13 is enclosed with surrounding layer, which also cries coating
Layer, all -fiber transmission unit 1 is typically without other solder joints, to reduce transmission loss.
Fig. 5 is a kind of reflected laser signals for emitting optical path laser ranging system altogether that receive of the embodiment of the present invention in main fiber
Middle schematic diagram of transmission process, as shown in figure 5, the reflected reflected laser signals of object under test pass in the second transmission channel
Defeated, the second transmission channel outer 13 is enclosed with surrounding layer, which is also coat.
Under normal circumstances, each wavelength after different wave length ingredient is decomposed in the wide spectrum light source that laser ranging system issues
Usually all in the same plane, what is measured at this time is exactly the line of that line intersected on object under test with the plane to laser beam
Type.At this point, lateral rotating detector, or using the first transmission channel of main fiber shoot laser signal beams direction as axis rotatory dispersion
System, so that the inswept space of the line, then can measure face shape of the object under test in this space.Due in all directions
Distance is different, no longer will reach return optical signal detecting module simultaneously when the light of these different wave lengths returns, but having first has
Afterwards, in this way, reaching laser pick-off module by the light for measuring every kind of wavelength and emitting the time difference between initial laser signal, just
Can learn distance of the object under test on the wavelength pointing direction respectively, thus learn object under test three-D space structure or
Person face shape.
The time that laser pick-off module can be reached by recording the laser of every kind of wavelength components measures in this direction
The time that light is walked can be between the probe tip and laser pick-off module of all -fiber transmission unit in order to realize this step
Also a dispersion element, such as prism system are placed, then for laser pick-off module, on the direction of each wavelength to be differentiated
Place a photo detecting unit, as soon as such as alignment battle array optical detector is set, the quantity of such optical detector resolution cell represents
Synchronization laser ranging system can measure the direction quantity of distance.Grating etc., which also can be used, in the dispersion element equally has
The element of dispersion light splitting ability.Such as laser pick-off module has told the return light of 10 different wavelength, each wavelength
The time difference of return light and laser pick-off module transmitting initial laser is ti, wherein i=1,2 ..., 10, then for this 10 sides
Upward object to be measured can disposably measure their distance siAre as follows:
Wherein, liIt is that reflected laser signals in each direction are generated from by laser emitting module to by laser pick-off mould
During block detects, the light path passed by entire laser ranging system；niIt is environment for return in each direction
The refractive index of optical signal.
By generating the wide spectrum light source including multiple and different wavelength laser signals, will be composed using the dispersion dichroism of design
The laser of different location is converted into the laser of spatially different directions on domain, to realize the range measurement to multiple spot simultaneously.It produces
The method of raw wide spectrum light source can be using amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), be also possible to by using being arranged at optical fiber both ends
Grating is also possible to the existing other methods for generating wide range pulse to the selection characteristic of wavelength, be also possible to it is existing other
Possible technique or their combination.
Fig. 6 is that schematic diagram is arranged in a kind of grating of laser ranging system of the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 6, in above-mentioned reality
On the basis of applying example, it is preferable that the main fiber 10 further includes the first grating group 14 and/or the second grating group 17, and described first
Grating group 14 includes the grating that multiple reflectivity are not less than 90%, the second grating group 17 include multiple reflectivity 1%~
Grating between 30%.
The first grating group 14 and/or the second grating group 17 are set at main fiber both ends, the first grating group 14 includes more
A reflectivity is not less than 90% grating, and the second grating group 17 includes grating of multiple reflectivity between 1%~30%.
In the main fiber close to the idle end 11 of main fiber, one group of central wavelength is inserted into λ1~λmThe first light in range
Grid group 14, each grating in the first grating group 14 are not less than 99% to the reflectivity of the light of each central wavelength；Close to key light
In the main fiber of fine end 19, one group of central wavelength of insertion is similarly λ1~λmThe second grating group 17, the light in the second grating group
The transmissivity of grid is higher, to the reflectivity of the light of each central wavelength between 1% to 20%.
During the work time, impulse semiconductor laser 21 emits initial laser signal, initial laser to the embodiment of the present invention
Signal enters in the first transmission channel 12 of main fiber 10, the laser letter of a variety of different wave lengths of excitation laser gain media parameter
Number, the laser signal of a variety of different wave lengths passes through the amplification of first passage 12, then by multiple in the second grating group 17
The higher grating of rate is penetrated, the laser signal which can make subwave long passes through, and goes out to obtain wide spectrum optical in main fiber end 19
Source.Similarly, by the laser signal of the part wavelength after the first grating group 14, at the idle end 11 of main fiber, it is also possible to obtain
Wide spectrum light source.During actual implementation, go out to obtain wide spectrum light source in main fiber end 19 more universal.
Grating can control the transmitance of the different laser of wavelength, adjustable according to desired or undesired spectrum
Its transmitance realizes purpose.
First grating group 14 and the combination of the second grating group 17 can make the laser institute of this system m different central wavelength of output
The wide spectrum light source of composition.Due to the flexible customized wavelength selection of fiber grating, can produce more more multiple than general ASE spectrum
Miscellaneous spectral characteristic.Typically, in order to realize the spectral width of above-mentioned 20nm, if gauger only needs to k spatially
Range measurement is realized in direction, settable k to the gratings of different central wavelengths so that the characteristic for combining the first dispersion element 6 it
Afterwards, the light of k group different wave length can be distributed on the k direction, and according to above-mentioned working principle measure k direction away from
From.
The above building method will make the present invention can be used for the object distance to be measured on synchronization measurement space single line,
If the direction of measurement is enough, or the entire probe by laterally rotating laser ranging system, entire probe includes key light
Fine end 19, first collimates coupling unit 5 and the first dispersion element 6, or the wide spectrum light source being emitted along main fiber end 19
Direction rotates the first dispersion element 6, so that the inswept certain Space Angle in direction of dispersion light splitting, then can pass through computer reconstruction
Three-D space structure or face type of the object to be measured in the certain space angle out.If removing the first dispersion element 6, or will
Laser pick-off module 3 changes the optical detector of no spectrum resolution capability into, then this system will be downgraded to single-point distance measurement system.
Grating is in the laser ranging system, necessary to it does not export " wide range pulse ", is used to adjust this
The spectral shape of wide range pulse, to meet specific application.
The present invention uses grating in all -fiber unit, realizes and generates multiple wavelength peaks in output laser spectrum, this
The range of a little peak wavelengths can be differed in several nm to tens nm, to realize wide spectrum light source characteristic, and such light
Grid can also realize the filtering to optical signal in laser ranging system, make the laser signal of useful wavelength in laser ranging system more
By force, inhibit uncorrelated noise.Grating plays the modulating action of the frequency spectrum to output pulse, it makes do not have required wide spectral characteristics
The frequency spectrum of pumping source output is modulated, and therefore, it both can be used in the inherently fiber laser system of ASE, can also be with
In fiber laser system for having not been met wide spectral characteristics.
The application that the present invention is expected includes but is not limited to: road speed measuring and monitoring may not need rotating signal transmitting and visit
Head is calculated without by huge monitor video file, can quickly measure road surface it is all come vehicle respective positions and
Speed；Alternatively, water level, the flow of toxic liquid are monitored in the metallic network of pipelines of wet seal, without the close of destruction pipe network
Closing property need to only be drilled with the micropore of submillimeter level, so that it may protrude into probe, and be repaired with plastic cement realize " seamless prison easily
Survey ", etc..These functions, the feature especially supper-fast, oversoul is living, concealed, beautiful, are all far from current Laser Measuring
It can be realized away from system or even any range-measurement system.
The present invention also provides a kind of flow charts for receiving the total optical path laser distance measurement method of transmitting, this method comprises: passing through institute
It states transmitting and receives the initial laser signal that light path module emits according to the laser emitting module altogether, obtain wide spectrum light source, pass through
First transmission channel is irradiated to the wide spectrum light source on the object under test, and is received by second transmission channel
The wide spectrum light source is irradiated to the reflected laser signals that back reflection is returned on the object under test, and the wide spectrum light source includes described
The laser signal for the multi-wavelength that laser pick-off module detects；Believed by the computing module according to the initial laser is emitted
Number emission time and receive the reflected laser signals the time of reception between time difference, calculate the object under test and institute
State the distance of laser ranging system.The embodiment implementation procedure of the implementation procedure of this method embodiment and above-mentioned laser ranging system
Identical, detailed process please refers to above-mentioned laser ranging system embodiment, and which is not described herein again.
The present invention proposes a kind of new laser ranging system by the structure of creatively application material and design range-measurement system
System, the function of can be realized the total optical path laser ranging based on optical-fiber laser simultaneously, account for so that laser signal emits with receiving end
Spatial volume is reduced significantly；The module and light path arrangement of laser ranging system detect posture and angle greatly liberalization；
With in ability that is complicated, working under crowded or rugged environment.Also, this laser ranging system is being carried and is being enabled
In the case where dispersion system, may not need mobile, rotating detector, realize multiple point distance measurement, thus in conjunction with other tools and algorithm and
Have the function of three-D space structure measurement or surface shape measurement.
Finally, method of the invention is only preferable embodiment, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.It is all
Within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should be included in protection of the invention
Within the scope of.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of laser ranging system characterized by comprising laser emitting module, transmitting receive light path module, laser altogether and connect
Module and computing module are received, it includes the first transmission channel and the second transmission channel, the hair that the transmitting, which receives light path module altogether,
Penetrating reception, light path module is connect with the laser emitting module, the laser pick-off module respectively altogether, the computing module difference
It is connect with the laser emitting module, the laser pick-off module；
The transmitting receives light path module altogether, and the initial laser signal for being emitted according to the laser emitting module obtains wide
Light source is composed, is irradiated to the wide spectrum light source on object under test by first transmission channel, and is transmitted by described second
Wide spectrum light source described in channel reception is irradiated to the reflected laser signals that back reflection is returned on the object under test, the wide spectrum light source
Laser signal including the multi-wavelength that the laser pick-off module detects；
The computing module, for according to the emission time and the reception reflected laser signals for emitting the initial laser signal
The time of reception between time difference, calculate the object under test at a distance from the laser ranging system；
The transmitting receives light path module altogether and specifically includes: all -fiber transmission unit, the first collimation coupling unit and the first dispersion
Unit, all -fiber transmission unit includes main fiber, and the main fiber includes that first transmission channel and described second pass
Defeated channel, the first collimation coupling unit are separated with all -fiber transmission unit, first dispersion element and described the
One collimation coupling unit separates；
The all -fiber transmission unit, for obtaining wide spectrum light source, being transmitted by described first according to the initial laser signal
Channel projects the wide spectrum light source from the main fiber, and receives the wide spectrum light source by second transmission channel and irradiate
The reflected laser signals that back reflection is returned on to the object under test；
The first collimation coupling unit, for collimating to the wide spectrum light source, and couples reflected laser signals, so that
It obtains all -fiber transmission unit and passes through second transmission channel reception reflected laser signals；
First dispersion element, for making the wide spectrum light source diverging after collimation so that the wide spectrum light source be irradiated to it is described
On object under test.
2. system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that include rare earth element in the material of the main fiber.
3. system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the main fiber further includes the first grating group and/or the second light
Grid group, the first grating group include the grating that multiple reflectivity are not less than 90%, and the second grating group includes multiple reflections
Grating of the rate between 1%~30%.
4. system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the end face at the main fiber both ends is inclined-plane.
5. system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the spectral width at the place wide spectrum light source -3dB is not less than 5nm.
6. system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the laser emitting module specifically includes: 970nm~980nm
The semiconductor laser of wavelength.
7. system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the laser pick-off module specifically includes: the second collimation coupling
Unit, the second dispersion element and probe unit；
The second collimation coupling unit, for being collimated to the reflected laser signals；
Second dispersion element, is dissipated for the reflected laser signals after collimation；
The probe unit, for being received to the reflected laser signals after diverging.
8. a kind of laser distance measurement method of any laser ranging system of claim 1~7 characterized by comprising
The initial laser signal that light path module emits according to the laser emitting module altogether is received by the transmitting, obtains wide range
Light source is irradiated to the wide spectrum light source on the object under test by first transmission channel, and passes by described second
Wide spectrum light source described in defeated channel reception is irradiated to the reflected laser signals that back reflection is returned on the object under test, the wide spectrum optical
Source includes the laser signal for the multi-wavelength that the laser pick-off module detects；
According to the emission time for emitting the initial laser signal and the reflected laser signals are received by the computing module
The time of reception between time difference, calculate the object under test at a distance from the laser ranging system.
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| CN109000584A (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2018-12-14 | 洛伦兹（北京）科技有限公司 | Coaxial transmitting-receiving detection device |
| CN109873290A (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2019-06-11 | 深圳市镭神智能系统有限公司 | A kind of multi-Wavelength Pulses optical fiber laser |
| JP6889225B2 (en) | 2019-10-21 | 2021-06-18 | 京セラ株式会社 | Fiber optic power supply system |
| CN111956934B (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2021-09-10 | 尚华 | Medical guide wire |
| CN111973864B (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2021-07-23 | 尚华 | Optical function guide wire, detection system and detection method |
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| CN103576134B (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2015-10-07 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of Full-waveform laser radar system based on coaxial two-channel data acquisition |
| CN204044360U (en) * | 2014-07-29 | 2014-12-24 | 武汉万集信息技术有限公司 | A kind of scanning type laser distance measuring equipment with light splitting piece |
| CN104931954B (en) * | 2015-06-02 | 2018-05-29 | 湖北捷讯光电有限公司 | A kind of coaxial sending and receiving end light path design method of laser range finder |
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