CN107841622A - A kind of method of cyanidation tailings comprehensive utilization and harmless treatment - Google Patents
A kind of method of cyanidation tailings comprehensive utilization and harmless treatment Download PDFInfo
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- CN107841622A CN107841622A CN201711121340.XA CN201711121340A CN107841622A CN 107841622 A CN107841622 A CN 107841622A CN 201711121340 A CN201711121340 A CN 201711121340A CN 107841622 A CN107841622 A CN 107841622A
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- ore pulp
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- cyanidation tailings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/006—Wet processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
- C01C3/00—Cyanogen; Compounds thereof
- C01C3/08—Simple or complex cyanides of metals
- C01C3/10—Simple alkali metal cyanides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
- C22B11/04—Obtaining noble metals by wet processes
- C22B11/042—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
The invention discloses the method for a kind of comprehensive utilization of cyanidation tailings and harmless treatment, comprise the following steps:Cyanidation tailings are sized mixing processing with a water, the ore pulp that concentration is 30% are obtained, then by 20Kg/m3The ratio of ore pulp adds activated carbon, and charcoal soaks 2 hours, reclaims the gold and silver noble metal in cyanidation tailings;Ore pulp after charcoal is soaked, carry out acidification;Ore pulp after acidifying stripping is subjected to sulfur dioxide and breaks residual cyanogen processing;Removing heavy metals are gone using XJD heavy metals removal agent.The present invention can remove the heavy metal harmful substance such as CN, Cu, Pb, Ni, As, Hg, Cd, Cr in tailings, and recovery section gold and silver and Cymag, harmful element is up to state standards (GB5085 3 2007) hazardous waste judging standard by processing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to cyanidation tailings process field, and in particular to a kind of cyanidation tailings comprehensive utilization and harmless treatment
Method.
Background technology
2015, China's gold output was 450 tons, and wherein gold chats pan is 379.4 tons, coloured by-product gold 70.6
Ton.In China's gold smelting industry, by using the technology of fluidized bed roasting, gold output accounts for national gold ore pan production
The 25%~30% of amount.Using the Gold Concentrate under Normal Pressure of fluidized-bed roasting process technical finesse, usually using roasting ,-calcining acidleach-is washed
Wash -- the process of cyaniding extracts gold from.After Gold Concentrate under Normal Pressure is by roasting pretreatment, the main method for carrying gold is cyaniding.
Cymag is a kind of hypertoxic chemicals, finds within 1887 that cyanide can dissolve gold, because of its technical maturity, the rate of recovery
It is high, to ore strong adaptability, can on the spot pan the advantages that, hereafter 100 for many years, cyanidation gold-extracted is still current mineral products gold
Main gold extracting method.But contain hypertoxic Cymag and other heavy metals in the tailings (being cyanidation tailings) after cyanidation gold-extracted, determined
Property is dangerous solid waste.Fluidized bed roasting gold smelting industry is used in the whole nation, the annual output total quantity of this cyanidation tailings is about
Ten thousand tons of 170-200, quantity is very surprising.
Caused cyanidation tailings are dangerous solid waste during gold smelting, wherein contain As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, CN-Deng
Valuable metal element and toxic element with high mobility, long-term stockpiling do not only result in substantial amounts of valuable metal and are lost in, and
And serious potential pollution and harm are caused to the periphery such as soil, underground water ecological environment.Dangerous solid waste features of pollution has latent
In property and chronicity, effect on environment consequence be can't see on the surface, also easily ignored, but its damaging effect is long-term
's.Consequence once occur, remove it is very difficult, and administer cost will be very huge.With country to environmental requirement increasingly
Strictly, the situation that enterprise faces is more and more severeer.Therefore, gold smelting industry cyanidation tailings harmless treatment meaning is very heavy
Greatly.
The domestic process to dangerous fixed-end forces mainly has at present:Solidification, security landfill, soil surface treatment are (with soil
Mix natural degradation), high temperature incineration, pyrolysismethod (being mainly used in organic matter), sea disposal (being burned for ocean dumping and ocean),
Chemical treatment etc..For this dangerous solid waste of cyanidation tailings, the cost such as solidification, landfill, high temperature incineration in these methods is equal
Very high, the profit of gold smelting enterprise is natively very meagre, and smelting enterprise is difficult to implement;Contain heavy metal in cyanidation tailings,
Natural degradation is unable to, it is therefore, also infeasible with soil mixed degradation method;Only chemical treatment method is contemplated that.But at present I
State's gold smelting industry also without recommend effective, wide adaptation, technology maturation, economically viable tailings it is harmless
Change technical method.
Disposal main stream approach of the gold smelting industry to cyanidation tailings is faced in dangerous solid waste Tailings Dam is designed at present
When stockpiling or export trade to qualified cement plant handle, production cement.It is qualified because containing hypertoxic cyanide in cyanidation tailings
Cement plant is extremely limited to this demand.
China proposes the control solid waste technical policy of " innoxious " " minimizing " " recycling " eighties.With environmental protection
Attention and global resources crisis, developed country starts to regard solid waste as " second-mining industry ", therefrom carries out resource comprehensive profit
With.Although cyanidation tailings are dangerous solid waste, wherein containing valuable resources such as a small amount of gold and silver copper-lead zinc, with mineral resources
Increasingly reduce, for cyanidation tailings for another meaning, it turns into a valuable secondary mineral resources again.How economical and effective
Ground reclaims a variety of valuable metals and Cymag such as gold, silver and bronze therein, and by its harmless treatment, is changed into general solid waste, into
For the important technology problem of China's gold smelting industry technology research and development.But most of research is concentrated mainly on those and contained compared with Gao Pin
On the Cu, Al, Pb of position, Zn, Co, the valuable metal such as Ni and melting waste slag containing noble metals such as Au, Ag, In, Nb, Ta, Pt, and
These techniques have that economic benefit is low, is also easy to produce the shortcomings of secondary pollution.
The content of the invention
To solve the above problems, the invention provides the method for a kind of comprehensive utilization of cyanidation tailings and harmless treatment, can
The heavy metal harmful substances such as CN-, Cu, Pb, Ni, As, Hg, Cd, Cr in tailings, and recovery section gold and silver and Cymag are removed,
Harmful element is set to be up to state standards (GB5085-3--2007) hazardous waste judging standard by processing.
To achieve the above object, the technical scheme taken of the present invention is:
A kind of method of cyanidation tailings comprehensive utilization and harmless treatment, comprises the following steps:
S1, cyanidation tailings are sized mixing processing with a water, the ore pulp that mass fraction is 30% is tuned into, then by 20Kg/m3
The ratio of ore pulp adds activated carbon, and charcoal soaks 2 hours, reclaims the gold and silver noble metal in cyanidation tailings;
S2, charcoal is soaked after ore pulp, carry out acidification, HCN is weak acid, its stability constant Ka=6.2 × 10-10, acid bar
Under part, the complex cyanide in waste water resolves into HCN.Only 26.5 DEG C of HCN boiling point, highly volatile, here it is acidifying absorption method
Theoretical foundation, chemically angle consider that acidifying absorption method can in three steps, i.e. the acidifying (Ph1.5-2) of waste water, HCN
Stripping (volatilization) and the absorption of HCN gases.HCN gases are a kind of hypertoxic gas.Specifically, adjust slurry pH with the concentrated sulfuric acid
To 1.5-2.0, complex cyanide and heavy metal is complexed cryanide ion and is decomposed, generate hydrogen cyanide gas;Then to the ore deposit after acidifying
Slurry carries out stripping processing so that hydrogen cyanide stripping, removal in ore pulp;Finally, the hydrogen cyanide absorbing by liquid caustic soda come out to stripping,
Regenerate Cymag;
S3, the ore pulp after stripping will be acidified carry out sulfur dioxide and break residual cyanogen handling.
Ore pulp after acidifying stripping is adjusted into pH to 8.5-10 with alkali, then abolishes stripping liquid with sulfur dioxide and air
In cyanogen, the reaction time be 2 hours;It is catalyzed by copper (copper is come with tailings), SO2And air oxidation, make all trips
CNO is oxidized to from cyanogen root or metal top cradle-, finally it is decomposed into innocuous substance.This method is successfully used for handling respectively
The different lean solution of kind or Tailings Slurry.Concentration of cyanide can drop below 1mg/L, zinc dust precipitation technique and carbon-in-pulp process technique
This SO can be used in the mine tailing of processing2Air method broken cyanide handling process.Sulfur dioxide breaks waste gas caused by residual cyanogen process and used
Alkali liquor absorption, qualified discharge.
S4, removing heavy metals are gone using XJD heavy metals removal agent
Sulfur dioxide is broken to the huge sum of money that the ore pulp after residual cyanogen removes residual using XJD heavy metals removal agent 0.05Kg/t ore deposits
Category.XJD heavy metals settle curing agent, are long chain hydrocarbon groups organic matter, nontoxic.Contain metal adsorption group in micro molecule, to have
Machine sulphur composition, in chelating shape in side chain.Easily polarization produces stronger negative electrode to adsorption group in waste water, with weight in waste water
Positively charged metal ion forms stronger chemical potential polarization reaction, forms stronger valence bond.And XJD heavy metals sedimentation solidification
Organic sulfur produces chelating ability, carries out very firm chelatropic reaction with heavy metal, generate sufficiently stable chela in chelating shape in agent
Complex compound is closed, the heavy metal in permanent cured slag.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) present invention uses cyanidation tailings charcoal soaking technology, and remaining gold and silver is expensive in the recovery cyanidation tailings that can remain valid
Metal, effectively reclaim golden about 0.15 g ton ore deposit in tailings.
(2) present invention can effectively reclaim Cymag remaining in cyanidation tailings, effectively using acidifying stripping absorption technique
Reclaim about 0.7 kg/ton of ore deposit (pure) of Cymag in tailings.
(3) present invention is more empty than single sulfur dioxide using alkaline sulfur dioxide air method cyanogen breaking process after first acidifying stripping
Gas method technique is more reasonable.This method first reclaims most of Cymag, after recyclable Cymag is abolished again, can effectively reduce
Production cost, it is contemplated that 16 yuan/ton of ore deposits of total medicament expense.
(4) cyanidation tailings harmless treatment group technology of the invention, can be by the cyanogen root and heavy metal in cyanidation tailings
Content drops to national standard -- (GB5085-3--2007) hazardous waste judging standard, general solid waste is changed into from dangerous solid waste.
(5) the inventive method is used, is economically feasible.Enterprise can be taken in synthetical recovery noble metal and Cymag
The production cost of processing can substantially be offset, it is contemplated that 2-9 yuan/ton of ore deposit of the profit that can make a profit, slightly some benefits.
Brief description of the drawings
The process chart of embodiment when Fig. 1 is of the invention.
Embodiment
In order that objects and advantages of the present invention are more clearly understood, the present invention is carried out with reference to embodiments further
Describe in detail.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to limit this hair
It is bright.
As shown in figure 1, the processing system employed in following examples mainly includes:Charcoal leaching for noble metal recovery
Groove, the closed acidifying groove for acidification reaction, closed stripping tower and hydrogen cyanide for hydrogen cyanide gas in stripping acidifying ore pulp
Absorption column of gas, confined reaction groove and waste gas alkali liquor absorption system for alkaline sulfur dioxide (self-produced flue gas during smelting) broken cyanide
And the reactive tank of addition XJD removing heavy metals medicaments, after the completion of reaction, added for the press filteration system of pulp dewatering, and medicament
Storage tank, and each equipment of connection or the pipeline needed for facility, convey the pump used in liquid.The present invention implements processing system and mainly walked
Suddenly it is:Carbon-impregnated → acidification reaction → stripping absorption → alkaline sulfur dioxide broken cyanide → XJD removing heavy metals → slurry filtration.
Using certain solution of gold smelting plant cyanidation tailings (1# samples), it is embodied.It is dangerous according to (GB5085-3--2007)
Waste judging standard, leaching characteristic identification are detected, and leach 1# sample data during data (unit mg/L) see the table below 1.
The cyanidation tailings of table 1 leach plain toxicity data
From upper table 1, sequence number 1 is GB standard.Through comparing, this cyanidation tailings is mainly that cyanogen root is exceeded.After testing
The g ton of gold grade 1.68 in this tailings.
Embodiment 1
Step 1: add life water to size mixing into 30% concentration (mass concentration) cyanidation tailings in table 1, add 50 grams of activated carbon/
Rise, leach 2 hours, slag is measured after leaching and contains golden 1.48 g tons.
Step 2:Ore pulp after charcoal is soaked adds 45 kgs/tonne of ore deposits of sulfuric acid, adjusts pH1.5-2, stripping 15 minutes, filters, inspection
Residual cyanogen 12mg/L, Pb3.912mg/L, As3.8212mg/L in liquid are surveyed, remaining element (being shown in Table 1) is respectively less than 0.5mg/L.
Step 3:By the ore pulp calcium oxide 11Kg/t ore deposits after acidifying stripping, regulation pH value does not fill sulfur dioxide to 7-8
Gas, 0.05 kg/ton of XJD heavy metals removals agent is added, react 10min, slurry filtration after reaction, detect residual cyanogen in liquid
6mg/L, Pb1.69mg/L, remaining element (being shown in Table 1) are respectively less than 0.5mg/L.
Embodiment 2
Step 1: cyanidation tailings in table 1 are added into life water and part lean solution containing cyanogen, the ore deposit that mass fraction is 30% is sized mixing into
Slurry, detection cyanogen root 0.5 ‰ (mass concentration), add 50 g/l of activated carbon, leach 2 hours, slag is surveyed after leaching and contains golden 1.37 g tons.
Step 2: the ore pulp after charcoal is soaked adds 48 kgs/tonne of ore deposits of sulfuric acid, PH1.5-2 is adjusted, stripping 30 minutes, is filtered, inspection
Residual cyanogen 10mg/L, Pb3.73mg/L, As1.88mg/L in liquid are surveyed, remaining element (being shown in Table 1) is respectively less than 0.5mg/L.
Step 3: by ore pulp 5 kgs/tonne of ore deposits of piece alkali after acidifying stripping, regulation pH value fills sulfur dioxide to 8.5
(4%v/v) and air 25 minutes, and maintain pH value to consume piece 70 kgs/tonne of ore deposits of alkali to 8.5, an XJD huge sum of moneys are added after having reacted
Belong to 0.05 kg/ton of remover, react 10min, slurry filtration after reaction, detect residual cyanogen 1mg/L, Pb0.67mg/L in liquid,
Remaining element (being shown in Table 1) is respectively less than 0.5mg/L.
Embodiment 3
Step 1: cyanidation tailings in table 1 are added into life water and part lean solution containing cyanogen, the ore deposit that mass fraction is 30% is sized mixing into
Slurry, detection cyanogen root 0.8 ‰ (mass concentration), add 50 g/l of activated carbon, leach 2 hours, slag is surveyed after leaching and contains golden 1.36 g tons.
Step 2: the ore pulp after charcoal is soaked adds 55 kgs/tonne of ore deposits of sulfuric acid, PH1.5-2 is adjusted, stripping 60 minutes, is filtered, inspection
Residual cyanogen 9mg/L, Pb3.88mg/L, As1.85mg/L, Cu0.69mg/L in liquid are surveyed, remaining element (being shown in Table 1) is respectively less than
0.5mg/L。
Step 3: by ore pulp 16 kgs/tonne of ore deposits of carbide slag after acidifying stripping, regulation pH value fills titanium dioxide to 10-11
Sulphur (4%v/v) and air 30 minutes, and maintain pH value to consume 12 kgs/tonne of ore deposits of carbide slag, adding XJD after react weighs to 10
0.05 kg/ton of metal removal agent, 10min is reacted, slurry filtration after reaction, detects residual cyanogen 0.6mg/L in liquid,
Pb0.84mg/L, remaining element (being shown in Table 1) are respectively less than 0.5mg/L.
Part group technology in the present invention-be acidified stripping and removing heavy metals is only taken in embodiment, in embodiment 1
Technique, tailings cyanogen root is below standard after processing.
Embodiment 2 and 3 employs complete combination technique of the present invention, and tailings items objectionable impurities is up to standard after processing.
After testing, the gold in cyanidation tailings, recyclable golden 0.2-0.3 g tons are reclaimed using charcoal soaking technology;Using the present invention
Acidifying stripping+alkaline sulfur dioxide air method+XJD heavy metals removal agent complete combination techniques, residual cyanogen is up to standard, and heavy metal reaches
Mark.In alkaline sulfur dioxide cyanogen breaking process, add the reagent cost (yuan/ton ore deposit) of alkali neutralization, sort from big to small, be piece successively
Alkali, calcium oxide, carbide slag.
In summary, after the harmless treatment of this specific implementation, can remove CN-, Cu in tailings, Pb, Ni, As,
The heavy metal harmful substance such as Hg, Cd, Cr, and recovery section gold and silver and Cymag, harmful element is set to reach national mark by processing
Accurate (GB5085-3--2007) hazardous waste judging standard.After tailings harmless treatment, it is changed into from dangerous solid waste general solid
Waste, you can Tailings Dam is stored up for a long time, can also sell outside.Through adjusting, when carrying out environmentally friendlyization processing with the processing of this process,
Cost is deducted, can also produce a small amount of economic benefit.
Described above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications also should
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of cyanidation tailings comprehensive utilization and the method for harmless treatment, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
S1, cyanidation tailings are sized mixing processing with a water, the ore pulp that mass fraction is 30% is tuned into, then by 20Kg/m3Ore pulp
Ratio adds activated carbon, and charcoal soaks 2 hours, reclaims the gold and silver noble metal in cyanidation tailings;
S2, charcoal is soaked after ore pulp, carry out acidification, specifically, with the concentrated sulfuric acid adjust slurry pH to 1.5-2.0, make complexing
Cyanogen and heavy metal complexing cryanide ion are decomposed, and generate hydrogen cyanide gas;Then stripping processing is carried out to the ore pulp after acidifying, made
Obtain the hydrogen cyanide stripping in ore pulp, remove;Finally, the hydrogen cyanide absorbing by liquid caustic soda come out to stripping, regenerates Cymag;
S3, the ore pulp after stripping will be acidified carry out sulfur dioxide and break residual cyanogen handling
Ore pulp after acidifying stripping is adjusted into pH to 8.5-10 with alkali, then abolished with sulfur dioxide and air in stripping liquid
Residual cyanogen, reaction time are 2 hours;
S4, removing heavy metals are gone using XJD heavy metals removal agent
Sulfur dioxide is broken to the heavy metal that the ore pulp after residual cyanogen removes residual using XJD heavy metals removal agent 0.05Kg/t ore deposits.
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111100995A (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2020-05-05 | 紫金矿业集团股份有限公司 | Method for recovering gold from roasting-cyaniding tailings |
CN112143883A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2020-12-29 | 山东国大黄金股份有限公司 | Method for reducing concentration of acid in gold concentrate roasting smelting purification waste acid |
CN113044857A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-06-29 | 重庆柒兴克米科技有限公司 | Production process and device for preparing high-purity sodium cyanide or potassium cyanide with high yield |
CN113604673A (en) * | 2021-08-11 | 2021-11-05 | 山东国大黄金股份有限公司 | Method for extracting gold from cyanidation tailings by sulfuric acid curing roasting |
CN114289451A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-04-08 | 鹤庆北衙矿业有限公司 | Ultrasonic synergetic SO2Method for degrading gold cyanidation tailings |
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Cited By (7)
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CN111100995A (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2020-05-05 | 紫金矿业集团股份有限公司 | Method for recovering gold from roasting-cyaniding tailings |
CN112143883A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2020-12-29 | 山东国大黄金股份有限公司 | Method for reducing concentration of acid in gold concentrate roasting smelting purification waste acid |
CN112143883B (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-12-14 | 山东国大黄金股份有限公司 | Method for reducing concentration of acid in gold concentrate roasting smelting purification waste acid |
CN113044857A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-06-29 | 重庆柒兴克米科技有限公司 | Production process and device for preparing high-purity sodium cyanide or potassium cyanide with high yield |
CN113604673A (en) * | 2021-08-11 | 2021-11-05 | 山东国大黄金股份有限公司 | Method for extracting gold from cyanidation tailings by sulfuric acid curing roasting |
CN113604673B (en) * | 2021-08-11 | 2022-09-20 | 山东国大黄金股份有限公司 | Method for extracting gold from sulfuric acid curing roasting cyanidation tailings |
CN114289451A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-04-08 | 鹤庆北衙矿业有限公司 | Ultrasonic synergetic SO2Method for degrading gold cyanidation tailings |
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