CN107841291A - A kind of phase transformation microemulsion and its application as cooling working medium - Google Patents
A kind of phase transformation microemulsion and its application as cooling working medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of phase transformation microemulsion as cooling working medium, including phase-change material, surfactant, water and inorganic salts, the phase-change material is the mixture that one or more paraffin are formed, the phase transformation microemulsion of the application has good mobility, and reduce temperature change of the coolant during heat is absorbed, radiating efficiency can be greatly promoted, increases the stability of a system.The phase-change material meets following condition Δ T=T2‑T1, Wherein, Cp be the phase-change material specific heat, kJ/kg/K, H is the enthalpy of phase change kJ/kg of the phase-change material, T2 is coolant when being water, after the completion of the work that exchanges heat coolant exit maximum temperature, DEG C, T1 is coolant when being water, coolant entrance temperature, DEG C, T be the phase-change material phase transition temperature, DEG C, X is the mass fraction that phase-change material accounts for the phase transformation microemulsion.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a microemulsion, in particular to a phase-change microemulsion used as a cooling working medium and application thereof.
Background
Water is widely used as a conventional coolant because of its high specific heat and the like. The water cooling system has the advantages of uniform cooling, good effect, low noise and the like, and is widely applied and paid much attention in various industries. However, in the heat exchange process, heat is completely transferred in a sensible heat mode, so that the heat absorbed by unit mass of water is completely determined by the specific heat capacity and the temperature difference. Under the unchangeable condition of cooling system scale, along with the increase of heating element power for the outlet temperature of cooling water constantly rises, and then makes heating element's temperature improve gradually, can not satisfy the cooling demand, and if use improvement cooling water quantity as the prerequisite and satisfy heating element's cooling demand, then need improve most of present current cooling arrangement's structure, intangibly increased the burden of enterprise, and caused unnecessary extravagant. Therefore, it is important to improve the cooling capacity of the cooling system under certain structural conditions without increasing the scale of the cooling system and the related energy consumption.
Chinese patent document CN103146349A discloses n-octadecane phase-change microemulsion, which comprises water, 5-40% of n-octadecane, 2-20% of surfactant, 0-20% of fatty alcohol and 0-3% of inorganic salt. The n-octadecane phase change microemulsion can be applied to the heat management of a microelectronic system and can be used as a high-efficiency heat dissipation cooling working medium of a microchannel in the heat management system. The principle of the system is that the phase-change material is used for storing heat in a latent heat mode, so that the effective heat capacity of the system is improved, the heat storage density of the system is effectively improved within a certain working temperature range, the heat which can be carried by the system can be increased under the condition that the using amount of cooling liquid is not changed, and the cooling capacity of the system is improved. However, the above patent documents only show a heat dissipation cooling working medium used in a microelectronic system, and in actual operation, the types of heating elements and heat dissipation requirements are different, so the heat dissipation cooling working medium has no universality.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defect of poor universality of the phase-change microemulsion used as a heat dissipation cooling working medium in the prior art, so as to provide the phase-change microemulsion suitable for heat exchange of all heating elements, thereby expanding the selectable types and the selection range of the heat dissipation cooling working medium.
Therefore, the technical proposal adopted by the application is that,
the phase-change microemulsion used as the cooling working medium comprises 0-5% of phase-change material, 0-5% of inorganic salt, 0.05-50% of phase-change material and one or more paraffin wax.
The phase-change microemulsion has the following conditions that the phase-change material meets the following conditions
ΔT＝T 2 -T 1 ，
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
C p is the specific heat of the phase change material, kJ/kg/K,
h is the phase change enthalpy kJ/kg of the phase change material,
T 2 when the cooling liquid is water, the highest temperature, DEG C, of the cooling liquid at the outlet after the heat exchange work is finished,
T 1 when the cooling liquid is water, the temperature of the cooling liquid at the inlet is in DEG C,
t is the phase transition temperature, DEG C, of the phase transition material,
and chi is the mass fraction of the phase-change material in the phase-change microemulsion.
The phase-change material is 1-10% of the total mass of the phase-change microemulsion.
The phase-change temperature of the phase-change material of the phase-change microemulsion is 20-90 ℃, and the number of carbon atoms is 18-48.
In the phase-change microemulsion, the surfactant is one or more selected from acacia, sodium dodecyl sulfate, calcium alkyl polyglycoside dodecyl benzene sulfonate, cetomacrogol, cetostearyl alcohol mixture, cetyl alcohol, cocamide DEA, cocamide MEA, alkyl polyglucoside, glyceryl monostearate, IGEPAL CA-630, isoceteth-20, lauryl glucoside, maltoside, glycerol monolaurate, narrow-distribution ethoxylate, nonidet P-40, nonoxynol-9, nonoxynol, NP40, octaglycol monododecyl ether, octyl polyglycoside, oleyl alcohol, PEG-10 Sunfower glyceride, pentaglycol monododecyl ether, polyethylene glycol monododecyl ether, poloxamer 407, polyglycerol ricinoleate, polysorbate 20, polysorbate 80, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan tristearate, stearyl alcohol, octyl phenyl ether of polyethylene glycol, tween 80.
The phase-change microemulsion is characterized in that the inorganic salt is selected from NaCl, KCl and CaCl 2 、MgCl 2 、AlCl 3 One or more of them.
Use of any of the above phase change microemulsions.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the phase-change microemulsion provided by the invention comprises a phase-change material, a surfactant, water and an inorganic salt, wherein the surfactant accounts for 0-5%, the inorganic salt accounts for 0-5%, the phase-change material accounts for 0.05-50%, and the phase-change material is a mixture formed by one or more kinds of paraffin. The cooling liquid has good fluidity, reduces the temperature change of the cooling liquid in the process of absorbing heat, can greatly improve the heat dissipation efficiency and increase the system stability.
2. The phase-change material of the phase-change microemulsion provided by the invention simultaneously meets the following conditions,
ΔT＝T 2 -T 1 ，
wherein, C p The specific heat of the phase-change material is kJ/kg/K, H is the phase-change enthalpy kJ/kg of the phase-change material, T 2 When the cooling liquid is water, the cooling liquid is cooled after the heat exchange work is finishedThe highest temperature of the liquid at the outlet, T1 is the temperature of the cooling liquid at the inlet when the cooling liquid is water, T is the phase-change temperature of the phase-change material, and chi is the mass fraction of the phase-change material in the phase-change microemulsion. The phase-change microemulsion formed by the phase-change material which meets the conditions meets the heat dissipation requirement of the heating element during high-load work, and has multiple selection types and wide selectable range. And selecting proper phase-change materials to synthesize the phase-change microemulsion according to actual conditions. In the process of cooling the heating element, the temperature of the phase-change material is hardly changed, so that the cooling effect is ensured not to be changed along with the position of the pipeline, and the temperatures of the heating element near the inlet end and the outlet end of the cooling liquid are basically consistent. The phase change material can perform phase change at different rates in the radiator according to the surface temperature distribution of the heating element so as to absorb heat, thereby realizing stable and uniform temperature control. Therefore, the heat dissipation element formed by the heat dissipation element is not easy to generate high-temperature hot spots in operation, and the normal operation of the heat dissipation element is ensured.
3. In the phase-change microemulsion of the present application, the phase-change material is a mixture of one or more paraffins. The phase-change material formed by the paraffin-based phase-change microemulsion changes the heat exchange capacity spontaneously according to the working temperature of the heating element under the condition of unchanged flow rate in actual operation. Therefore, the intellectualization and the automation of the cooling process are realized on the basis of ensuring the stable operation of the system, and the control of the system is simplified. When the heat generating element is cooled, the heat released from the heat generating element is stored in the form of latent heat. The heat storage density is high, and under the condition of the same volume, the better cooling effect than that of deionized water can be obtained. The paraffin material in the phase-change microemulsion is nontoxic and harmless to the environment. Having a resistivity of 10 15 -10 19 Ω cm, which is larger than the resistivity of pure water, and thus does not cause a decrease in the resistivity of the coolant. Upon external cooling of the phase-change microemulsion, the heat in the phase-change material is released as latent heat. The temperature change of the phase change microemulsion liquid in the heat release process is small, so that the cooling effect of the external cooling heat exchanger on the phase change microemulsion liquid is improved, and the heat in the phase change microemulsion liquid is released into the air more efficiently.
4. The phase-change microemulsion further comprises inorganic salt and/or surfactant for improving the suspension performance of the phase-change microemulsion, and the addition amount of the inorganic salt and/or surfactant is small, so that the inorganic salt and/or surfactant is ignored when the heat exchange performance of the phase-change microemulsion is considered.
Detailed Description
Example 1
When water is used to cool the heating element, the temperature of the cooling liquid at the inlet end of the radiator is 30 ℃, and the temperature at the outlet end of the radiator is 50 ℃. The phase-change microemulsion is used as a cooling liquid to replace cooling water, and comprises a phase-change material and water, 0.1% of Arabic gum as a surfactant and 1% of NaCl based on the total mass of the phase-change microemulsion. The specific heat of the phase change material is C p (kJ/kg/K), the phase change enthalpy of the phase change material is H (kJ/kg), the phase change temperature of the phase change material is T (DEG C), and the mass fraction of the phase change material in the phase change microemulsion is chi. Because the contents of the Arabic gum and the NaCl are small and the influence on the heat exchange performance of the phase-change microemulsion is small, the influence of the surfactant and the inorganic salt on the heat exchange is ignored in the calculation.
The coolant temperature increases by Δ T ℃ (Δ T =45-30= 15), and the amount of heat absorbed by the coolant water is:
Q 2 ＝4.2·ΔT
the phase-change microemulsion absorbs heat under the same temperature change
Q 1 ＝4.2·ΔT·(1-x)+C p ·ΔT·x+H·x
Since partial energy is absorbed in the form of latent heat when the phase change material undergoes phase change, Q is equal to the temperature change 1 >Q 2
To obtain
Further, assuming that the phase-change microemulsion and the cooling water absorb the same amount of heat per unit mass,
the deionized water temperature change is Δ T, where Δ T = T 2 -T 1 ＝45-30＝15
Temperature change of phase change microemulsion to delta T Liquid for medical purpose ，
Thus, the device
4.2·ΔT Liquid for medical purpose ·(1-x)+C p ·ΔT Liquid for treating urinary tract infection ·x+H·x＝4.2·ΔT Water (W)
Namely, it is
ΔT Liquid for treating urinary tract infection (4.2(1-x)+C p x)+Hx-4.2·ΔT Water (W) ＝0
Then
Since part of energy is absorbed in the form of latent heat when the phase change material undergoes phase change, Δ T is obtained when the same amount of heat is absorbed Liquid for treating urinary tract infection ＜ΔT Water (W) And the phase transition temperature T of the paraffin wax is more than T 1 +ΔT Liquid for treating urinary tract infection ，
So as to obtain the composite material,
selecting the physical parameter C from the existing materials p And H and T satisfy the relationship to obtain n-eicosane with the phase transition temperature of 36.6 ℃ as a phase transition material in the phase transition microemulsion. The mass fraction of the phase-change material in the phase-change microemulsion is determined to be 0.05% according to the enhanced requirement on the heat exchange capacity. The thermophysical properties of the phase change material are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 phase change Material parameters
As the system releases increased heat, the phase change material temperature rises above 36.6 ℃, and the phase change material absorbs heat in the heat generating element as latent heat. When the inlet and outlet temperatures of the heat sink using deionized water were 30 c and 50 c, respectively.
The amount of heat that can be absorbed per unit mass of deionized water is:
Q＝4.2×20
Q＝84kJ/kg
cooling by using the phase-change microemulsion, wherein when the heat absorbed by the phase-change microemulsion per unit mass is equal to that of deionized water, the expression is as follows: (wherein T is out Is the phase change microemulsion exit temperature, T m For phase change material phase change temperature)
84＝4.2×0.9995×(T out –30)+1.93×0.0005×6.6+2.33×0.0005×(T out –T m )+248×0.0005
Because of T m ＝36.6℃
Thus T out ＝49.98℃
The outlet temperature of the heat sink was seen to be somewhat lower than when deionized water was used.
Cooling by using the phase-change microemulsion, wherein when the inlet and outlet temperatures are unchanged, the absorbed heat is as follows:
Q＝4.2×0.9995×20+1.93×0.005×6.6+2.33×0.0005×13.4+248×0.0005
Q＝84.10kJ/kg
therefore, under the condition of keeping the heat exchange capacity unchanged, the surface temperature of the radiator is reduced by 0.02 ℃ when the phase-change microemulsion is used compared with that when deionized water is used; under the condition of keeping the temperature of the inlet and the outlet of the radiator unchanged, the heat absorbed by using the phase-change microemulsion as the cooling liquid is improved by 0.12 percent compared with pure water.
Further, when the mass fraction of the n-eicosane in the phase-change microemulsion is 1 percent,
when the heat absorbed by the phase-change microemulsion per unit mass is equal to that of deionized water, the expression is as follows: (wherein T is out For phase change microemulsion exit temperature, tm is phase change temperature of the phase change material
84＝4.2×0.99×(T out –30)+1.93×0.01×6.6+2.33×0.01×(T out -T m )+248×0.01
Because of T m ＝36.6℃
Thus T out ＝49.50℃
It can be seen that the outlet temperature of the heat sink drops by 0.5 deg.c compared to when deionized water is used.
Cooling with phase-change microemulsion, when the inlet and outlet temperatures are 30 and 50 ℃ respectively, the absorbed heat is:
Q＝4.2×0.99×20+1.93×0.01×6.6+2.33×0.01×13.4+248×0.01
Q＝86.08kJ/kg
therefore, under the condition of keeping the heat exchange capability unchanged, the outlet temperature of the cooling liquid is reduced by 0.5 ℃ when the phase-change microemulsion is used compared with that when deionized water is used; when the temperature of the inlet and the outlet of the radiator is kept to be the same as that of the pure water, the phase-change microemulsion is used as the cooling liquid, and the heat absorbed by the cooling liquid is improved by 2.4 percent compared with that of the pure water.
Further, when the mass fraction of the n-eicosane in the phase-change microemulsion is increased to 5%,
when the heat absorbed by the phase-change microemulsion per unit mass is equal to that of deionized water, the expression is as follows: (wherein T is out For phase change microemulsion exit temperature, tm is phase change temperature of the phase change material
84＝4.2×0.95×(T out –30)+1.93×0.05×6.6+2.33×0.05×(T out -T m )+248×0.05
Because of T m ＝36.6℃
Thus T out ＝47.47℃
The heat sink outlet temperature was seen to drop by 2.53 deg.c compared to when deionized water was used.
Cooling with phase-change microemulsion, when the inlet and outlet temperatures are 30 and 50 ℃ respectively, the absorbed heat is:
Q＝4.2×0.95×20+1.93×0.05×6.6+2.33×0.05×13.4+248×0.05
Q＝94.40kJ/kg
therefore, under the condition of keeping the heat exchange capacity unchanged, the outlet temperature of the cooling liquid is reduced by 2.53 ℃ when the phase-change microemulsion is used compared with that when deionized water is used; when the temperature of the inlet and the outlet of the radiator is kept to be the same as that of pure water, the heat absorbed by using the phase-change microemulsion as the cooling liquid is increased by 12.38 percent compared with the pure water.
Further, the mass fraction of the n-eicosane in the phase change microemulsion is improved to 10 percent,
when the heat absorbed by the phase-change microemulsion per unit mass is equal to that of the deionized water, the expression is as follows: (wherein T is out For phase change microemulsion exit temperature, tm is phase change temperature of the phase change material
84＝4.2×0.90×(T out –20)+1.93×0.10×6.6+2.33×0.10×(T out -T m )+248×0.10
Because of T m ＝36.6℃
Thus T out ＝44.82℃
The heat sink outlet temperature was seen to drop by 5.18 deg.c compared to when deionized water was used.
Cooling by using the phase-change microemulsion, wherein when the inlet temperature and the outlet temperature are respectively 30 ℃ and 50 ℃, the absorbed heat is as follows:
Q＝4.2×0.90×15+1.93×0.1×6.6+2.33×0.1×13.4+248×0.1
Q＝104.80kJ/kg
therefore, under the condition of keeping the heat exchange capacity unchanged, the outlet temperature of the cooling liquid is reduced by 5.42 ℃ when the phase-change microemulsion is used compared with that when deionized water is used; when the temperature of the inlet and the outlet of the radiator is kept the same as the condition of using pure water, the heat absorbed by using the phase-change microemulsion as the cooling liquid is improved by 24.76 percent compared with the pure water.
Example 2
When water is used to cool the heating element, the temperature of the cooling liquid at the inlet end of the radiator is 30 ℃, and the temperature at the outlet end of the radiator is 70 ℃. Paraffin wax 6106 (which is a mixture of between 16 and 28 carbon atoms) supplied by Ter hel paraffinf Hamburg, germany may be selected. The mass fraction of the phase-change material in the phase-change microemulsion is 50%. The relevant parameters are shown in table 3. 0.1% gum arabic as surfactant and 1% NaCl. Because the contents of the Arabic gum and the inorganic salt are small, and the influence on the heat exchange performance of the phase-change microemulsion is small, the influence of the surfactant and the inorganic salt on the heat exchange is ignored in the calculation.
TABLE 3 phase change Material parameters 1
As the system releases increased heat, the phase change material temperature rises above 42 ℃, and the phase change material absorbs heat in the heat generating element as latent heat. When the inlet and outlet temperatures of the heat sink using deionized water were 30 c and 70 c, respectively.
The amount of heat that can be absorbed per unit mass of deionized water is:
Q＝4.2×40
Q＝168kJ/kg
cooling by using the phase-change microemulsion, wherein when the heat absorbed by the phase-change microemulsion per unit mass is equal to that of deionized water, the expression is as follows: (wherein T is out Is the phase change microemulsion exit temperature, T m For phase change material phase change temperature)
168＝4.2×0.5×(T out –30)+1.8×0.5×12+2.1×0.5×(T out –T m )+189×0.5
Because of T m ＝42℃
Thus T out ＝53.90℃
It can be seen that the outlet temperature of the heat sink is significantly lower than when deionized water is used.
Cooling by using the phase-change microemulsion, wherein when the inlet and outlet temperatures are not changed, the absorbed heat is as follows:
Q＝4.2×0.5×40+12×1.8×0.5+2.1×0.5×11.9+189×0.5
Q＝218.70kJ/kg
therefore, under the condition of keeping the heat exchange capacity unchanged, the surface temperature of the radiator is reduced by 16.1 ℃ when 50% of phase-change microemulsion is used compared with that when deionized water is used; under the condition of keeping the temperature of the inlet and the outlet of the radiator unchanged, the heat absorbed by using the phase-change microemulsion as the cooling liquid is improved by 30.18 percent compared with pure water.
Example 3
This example is the same as example 1, except that the phase-change microemulsion comprises a phase-change material and water, and further comprises 0.5% of sodium lauryl sulfate and 1% of inorganic salt KCl, based on the total mass of the phase-change microemulsion, and since the sodium lauryl sulfate and the inorganic salt have small contents and have little influence on the heat exchange performance of the phase-change microemulsion, the influence of the surfactant and the inorganic salt on the heat exchange is ignored in the calculation, and the calculation method is the same as example 1.
Example 4
The phase-change microemulsion of this example is substantially the same as the phase-change microemulsions of examples 1 and 2, except that no surfactant and no inorganic salt are added.
Example 5
This example is the same as example 1, except that the phase-change microemulsion comprises a phase-change material and water, and further comprises 5% of sodium lauryl sulfate and 5% of inorganic salt KCl based on the total mass of the phase-change microemulsion, and because the content of the sodium lauryl sulfate and the inorganic salt is small and the influence on the heat exchange performance of the phase-change microemulsion is small, the influence of the surfactant and the inorganic salt on the heat exchange is ignored in the calculation, and the calculation method is the same as example 1.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The phase-change microemulsion used as the cooling working medium comprises a phase-change material, a surfactant, water and an inorganic salt, and is characterized in that the surfactant accounts for 0-5%, the inorganic salt accounts for 0-5%, the phase-change material accounts for 0.05-50%, and the phase-change material is a mixture formed by one or more kinds of paraffin.
2. The phase change microemulsion according to claim 1, wherein the phase change material satisfies the following condition
Δ T water = T 2 -T 1 ，
Wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
cp is the specific heat of the phase change material, kJ/kg/K,
h is the phase change enthalpy kJ/kg of the phase change material,
t2 is the temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet, DEG C, after the heat exchange work is finished when the cooling liquid is water,
t1 is the temperature of the cooling liquid at the inlet, DEG C, when the cooling liquid is water,
t is the phase transition temperature, DEG C, of the phase transition material,
and X is the mass fraction of the phase-change material in the phase-change microemulsion.
3. The phase-change microemulsion according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the phase-change material is 1-10% by mass of the total mass of the phase-change microemulsion.
4. The phase-change microemulsion according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the phase-change temperature of the phase-change material is 18 ℃ to 90 ℃ and the number of carbon atoms is 16 to 48.
5. The phase change microemulsion of claim 4 wherein the surfactant is selected from one or more of acacia, sodium lauryl sulfate, calcium alkyl polyglycoside dodecyl benzene sulfonate, cetomacrogol, cetostearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, cocamide DEA, cocamide MEA, alkyl polyglucoside, glyceryl monostearate, IGEPAL CA-630, isoceteth-20, lauryl glucoside, maltoside, monolaurate, narrow distribution ethoxylates, nonidet P-40, nonoxynol-9, nonoxynol, NP40, octaethyleneglycol monododecyl ether, octyl polyglycoside, oleyl alcohol, PEG-10Sunflower glyceride, pentaethyleneglycol monododecyl ether, polyethyleneglycol monododecyl ether, poloxamer 407, polyglycerol ricinoleate, polysorbate 20, polysorbate 80, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan tristearate, stearyl alcohol, polyoxyethylene octylphenyl ether, tween 80.
6. The phase-change microemulsion of claim 5 wherein the inorganic salt is selected from NaCl, KCl, caCl 2 、MgCl 2 、AlCl 3 One or more of them.
7. Use of a phase change microemulsion according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
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| CN112521914A (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-03-19 | 广东石油化工学院 | Heat management liquid and preparation method thereof |
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