CN107835848A - Liquid fuel - Google Patents

Liquid fuel Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107835848A
CN107835848A CN201580081199.8A CN201580081199A CN107835848A CN 107835848 A CN107835848 A CN 107835848A CN 201580081199 A CN201580081199 A CN 201580081199A CN 107835848 A CN107835848 A CN 107835848A
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liquid fuel
fuel
oil
heavy oil
component
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CN201580081199.8A
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CN107835848B (en
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陈鸿林
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/04Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons

Abstract

It is a kind of heavy oil is reconciled by being selectively introducing hydrocarbons after obtained liquid fuel, its composition includes:The catalyst component and heavy oil component of the light oil constituents of C6 C12 alkane composition, C13 C16 alkane composition;Based on the liquid fuel, in terms of weight/mass percentage composition, the heavy oil component is not less than 10%, and the light oil constituents is 10 70%, and the catalyst component accounts for light oil constituents 10 85%, also containing 0 15% aromatic hydrocarbons in the liquid fuel.Resulting liquid fuel has good driveability, combustibility and security, can be applied to diesel engine system and bavin/heavy oil combustion system etc. as blended fuel.

Description

Liquid fuel Technical field
The present invention relates to fuel technology fields, more particularly to it is a kind of heavy oil is reconciled by being selectively introducing hydrocarbons after obtained liquid fuel, it can be applied to diesel engine system and bavin/heavy oil combustion system with good driveability, combustibility and safety, as blended fuel.
Technical background
It is fuel that industrial combustion system, which mostly uses heavy oil, cheap, safety is its key factor well, but the problem of also bringing another aspect, higher boiling (the heavy oil of different stage of heavy oil, boiling point is differed at 330 DEG C -480 DEG C) and high viscosity cause volatility bad, even if using the combustion apparatus with high-pressure injection mechanism or rotary mechanism, also it is complete to be difficult gasification, and atomizing particle is big, not only limiting completely burned causes calorific value to be lost, incomplete combustion and produce thick smoke also with the whole world environmental protection standard and trend greatly differ from each other.
Studies have found that, using the low-carbon high volatile hydro carbons of C5-C12 as heavy oil reconciliation solvent, not only mobility improves obtained reconciliation fuel oil, and the hydro carbons of the carbon section is the effluent of gasoline production (octane number is low), but there is higher Cetane number relatively, diesel motor and bavin/heavy oil combustion system in heavy oil through suitably deploying and adapting to friction speed can be introduced into.
The it is proposed invented above, although realizing the problem of the boiling point and viscosity and atomizing particle that reduce heavy oil, flammability for solving heavy oil has more significant effect, but such as diesel oil substitute machine engine fuel in a wide range of promote, still need to consider because Cetane number significantly improves safety issue brought by (close flash point is lower).The fuel oil used for diesel engine, relevant index is all defined in the market access requirements in majority state and area, such as, vapo(u)rability in order to control diesel oil is unlikely too strong, the close flash point of each trade mark diesel oil is defined in national standard, it is required that -35 and the flash-points of-No. 50 light diesel fuels be not less than 45 DEG C, the flash-points of-No. 20 light diesel fuels is not less than 60 DEG C, and remaining is each The flash-point of the diesel oil of the trade mark is required to not less than 65 DEG C;Also there are similar standard in the countries and regions such as Europe.Limit diesel oil flash-point on the one hand be on the other hand be that low-boiling point material is prevented to be mixed into due to safety concerns.
Solving the relatively low method of Flash Point of Diesel at present is that a certain amount of " Flash Point of Diesel enhancer " is added, and requirement of the flash-point enhancer of different manufacturers and brand to additive amount has larger difference, does not only result in inconvenient for use, the improper performance that also will affect diesel oil of addition.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of liquid fuel, by the allotment to fuel composition, while having good combustibility and safety, can satisfy the application of all kinds of diesel equipments.
The present invention provides a kind of liquid fuel, composition include: the light oil constituents of the alkane composition of C6-C12, C13-C16 alkane composition catalyst component and heavy oil component;Based on the liquid fuel, the mass content of the heavy oil component is not less than 10%, the mass content of the light oil constituents is 10-70%, and the quality of the catalyst component accounts for the 10-85% of light oil constituents quality, the aromatic hydrocarbons for being also 0-15% containing mass content in the liquid fuel.
The present invention provides a kind of reconciliation fuel, select the light oil constituents and catalyst component collective effect of different carbon numbers, and while solution astatki flammability is bad, the safety of fuel oil is also significantly improved.
Invention particularly provides the liquid fuels for for heavy oil being matrix, that is, obtains the Alternative Diesel Fuel of high-quality using cheap heavy oil component, so, in one specific embodiment, based on the liquid fuel, the mass content of the heavy oil component is not less than 50%.There is constituent content not less than 70% in especially, more becomes a kind of high-grade fuel obtained using resource inferior.
In embodiment of the present invention, the synergistic effect of light oil constituents and catalyst component good combustion performance and environment protecting while can also make liquid fuel have flash temperature appropriate, to take into account good starting performance and safety.
Liquid fuel of the invention can substitute all kinds of diesel products used at present as diesel engine engine fuel (being used for high, medium and low speed diesel engine engine by adjusting its Cetane number) And bavin/heavy oil combustion system fuel.Especially, the fuel that can be used as substitution derv fuel, aviation kerosine can also be used as aviation injection turbine fuel.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of liquid fuels, wherein at least contain the catalyst component and heavy oil component of the light oil constituents of the alkane composition of C6-C12, the alkane composition of C13-C16, light oil constituents promotes the fuel performance of fuel simultaneously, there is the flash-point for being then conducive to improve the liquid fuel in catalyst component appropriate, in favor of meeting the safety standards of setting.For ease of description, the alkane composition of the C13-C16 is known as " catalyst component " by the present invention, the 10-85% of light oil constituents quality should be accounted for.
Within this range, the concrete content of catalyst component is subject to final fuel close flash point and is met the requirements, and for the market access requirements for adapting to most areas, liquid fuel of the invention should have the close flash point not less than 48 DEG C.In specific embodiment, it can first determine that catalyst component influences the flash-point of light oil constituents, the flash-point of finally obtained liquid fuel be further determined that, to obtain the rational proportion between each component.Under normal circumstances, make the light oil constituents and the mixed close flash point of catalyst component not less than 47 DEG C, final liquid fuel can then have excellent flammability and safety simultaneously.
How embodiment of the present invention is deployed each component and is not particularly limited, such as, light oil constituents and catalyst component are first mixed, then is mixed with heavy oil component, or, selected component is mixed together according to respective content ratio, the fuel made reaches the Hashpoint standard of requirement.It is finally presented as the suitable light oil constituents of selection and catalyst component, so that the close flash point of the liquid fuel is met relevant criterion, the important indicator as its safety.
In specific embodiment, the mixture for controlling light oil constituents and catalyst component has the close flash point for being higher than 47 DEG C, and catalyst component is about the 10% or higher of light oil constituents at this time, and the liquid fuel after deploying heavy oil can have 48 DEG C or more of close flash point;The mixture of light oil constituents and catalyst component has the close flash point higher than 53 DEG C, and catalyst component is about the 30% or higher of light oil constituents at this time, and the liquid fuel after deploying heavy oil can have 55 DEG C or more of close flash point.
In specific embodiment, the quality of the catalyst component accounts for the 10-50% of light oil constituents quality, than Relatively it is conducive to ensure that fuel has expected safety, and is conducive to control the cost performance of final liquid fuel.It can be and light oil constituents is added in the catalyst component of selection, be also possible to using the segmentation fraction on PETROLEUM PROCESSING chain.
In one specific embodiment, heavy oil component mass content is 70%, the total content of light oil constituents and catalyst component in fuel about 30%, and the mass ratio of light oil constituents and catalyst component about 2:1.
As integral component in liquid fuel of the invention, the catalyst component of the alkane of C13-C16 composition may include the single alkane or in which two kinds or more of mixture with 13-16 carbon.
In embodiment of the present invention, the light oil constituents of the hydrocarbon of C6-C12 composition can be including the single alkane with 6-12 carbon or two kinds or more of mixture in them.
More particular embodiment, the light oil constituents of the hydrocarbon composition of the C6-C12 are the mixtures for including one of the pungent n-alkane with 6-12 carbon and its ppolymorphism alkane, cycloalkane or two kinds or more.Such as, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, hendecane and dodecane improve Cetane number to reduce the octane number of liquid fuel, it being used in diesel motor and bavin/heavy oil combustion system liquid fuel as may replace diesel oil, achieving the effect that high heat value and low pollution and low cost.
It has been observed that liquid fuel of the invention is to be further introduced into catalysis oil ingredient on the basis of being deployed to heavy oil component and obtain, based on the liquid fuel, the mass content of the heavy oil component is 89-10%.
Fuel of the invention is from the hydrocarbon component for having different requirements to carbon structure and the rational allocation product of heavy oil component, hydrocarbon compound as light oil constituents and catalyst component can be synthetic product, but the usually product of feedstock oil purification, such as those satisfactory solvent naphthas etc., in subtractive process, the aromatic hydrocarbons that feedstock oil contains, generally toluene/dimethylbenzene aromatic hydrocarbons, it is considered as the impurity for needing to remove as far as possible, and arene engaging scraping is cleaner, the processing cost of feedstock oil is also higher, inevitable to be all reflected in the cost of fuel product.Inventor's the study found that heavy oil, especially of animal or plant nature grease, because it will lead to that calorific value is low containing oxide structure, the fuel factor of fuel certainly will be influenced, but when liquid fuel contains suitable aromatic fractions, combustion efficiency is not influenced significantly not only, can also show certain improvement sometimes.So allowing used component oil not when preparing fuel oil of the invention It is purified by stringent Porous deproteinized bone, such as, use the gasoline fraction slightly mentioned, wherein often contain a certain amount of toluene/dimethylbenzene aromatic hydrocarbons, as long as arene content is no more than 15% in final liquid fuel, it is not required to further refine removing, to significantly reduce the purity requirement of feedstock oil, the selection approach of feedstock oil has been widened, the cost of the liquid fuel as final products is also just reduced.Consider from combustion efficiency, inventor thinks can be containing a small amount of aromatic hydrocarbons, especially low-carbon aromatic hydrocarbons (toluene and/or dimethylbenzene) in the fuel, such as controls its content in 3-15%.In concrete scheme, according to the nature parameters of each component oil, if a small amount of aromatic hydrocarbons is needed to be present in liquid feul really, the low-carbon aromatic component can be introduced in selected light oil constituents or final fuel to promote the calorific value of fuel;Light oil constituents and catalyst component also can choose the cutting fraction in petrolization machining chain, and the latter should more meet industrial means, such as, naphtha fraction often contains certain toluene/dimethylbenzene aromatic hydrocarbons, need to refine removal, but possible as the light oil constituents of fuel of the present invention, for another example, C8-12 solvent naphtha or other comparable distillates, wherein all contain certain aromatic hydrocarbons (toluene/dimethylbenzene), it is used for without removal in fuel of the invention, not only reduce cost of material, and the presence of a small amount of aromatic hydrocarbons is also conducive to promote the calorific value of fuel.The catalyst component for selecting appropriate boiling range is also same reason, such as selection C13-16 solvent naphtha or other comparable distillates.
The present invention provides a kind of liquid fuels, substantially using the light oil constituents of high volatile as solvent, are dissolved and are deployed to heavy oil component, make that the volatility of heavy oil is enhanced and viscosity is lowered, and become a kind of liquid fuel with excellent combustion.Suitable catalyst component introduces, then be the combustibility for guaranteeing fuel simultaneously, promote its safety in utilization, useful as diesel engine alternative fuel and enter fuel oil market.In this sense, the present invention may be considered development and extension of the inventor to oneself many years persistent research achievement.
In embodiment of the present invention, the heavy oil component may include used oil, diesel oil, biodiesel (generally referring to fatty acid methyl ester/ethyl ester), biological grease (such as vegetable and animals oils) and its derivative or secondly kind more than combination.Common waste grease can be simply interpreted as, such as selection uses biological grease and its derivative, can be including animality (such as from animals such as chicken, duck, fish, ox, sheep, pigs) or vegetative grease (such as from soybean oil, palm oil, rapeseed oil, cottonseed Oil, rice bran oil, jatropha curcas oil, soapberry oil etc.) and its derivative, and/or food garbage it is oily (being commonly called as " gutter oil ").
Purposes the present invention also provides the liquid fuel as diesel engine engine fuel especially can be used as the fuel applications of substitution derv fuel or aviation kerosine.For example, making it be applicable to the fuel of all kinds of diesel engine engines by adjusting the Cetane number of final product, specifically, the Cetane number of the liquid fuel is 40 or more, is used for high-speed diesel fuel engine engine fuel;The Cetane number of the liquid fuel is 30 or more, is used for medium speed diesel engines engine fuel;Or, the Cetane number of the liquid fuel is lower than 30, it to be used for slow speed diesel engine engine fuel.
The present invention also provides the liquid fuels as bavin/heavy oil combustion system fuel purposes.
Application the present invention also provides the liquid fuel as aviation injection turbine fuel.
The allotment of liquid fuel of the invention from heavy oil and various hydrocarbon ils components, show the combustion characteristics of gasoline and kerosene, simplest experience, such as, as gasoline combustion device (furnace), alcohol or benzine blow lamp fuel, it is able to achieve quick (moment) gasification of fuel, and then completely burned, no black smoke and residual.The effect obtains to be explained from used component oil characteristic, on PETROLEUM PROCESSING chain, the desulfurization process of light oil constituents and catalyst component that the present invention uses is easily achieved, such as desulfurization is to 3pp or less, and heavy oil component such as selects animal and plant fat (cottonseed oil) because of not sulfur-bearing itself, so sulfur content is also believed that in 3ppm or less, so sulfur content should be believed that denier in deployed fuel, exhaust gas processing device can be directly installed additional (according to industry standard as diesel motor engine fuel, diesel oil sulfur content can just install exhaust gas processing device additional when being lower than 50ppm), using liquid fuel of the invention as diesel motor engine fuel, it can be not required to the influence of scruple sulfide.On the other hand, using fluid present invention fuel as diesel motor engine fuel, under same burning condition, soot emission is only that the half of No. 0 petrifaction diesel is even less, it can be purified by the black smoke particle trap in exhaust gas processing device, hydrocarbon (black smoke) exhaust emissions is extremely low.
In a word, the result detected is discharged to diesel motor fuel exhaust gas of the invention, 1) hydrocarbon (black smoke), 2 may be implemented) nitrogen oxides and 3) oxysulfide extremely low discharge, reach 6 or more diesel motor exhaust emission standard of Europe 5 or Europe, is considered as leveling off to zero-emission in other words.
It may be said that, liquid fuel of the invention replaces diesel oil to be used for various diesel motors, not only there is complete burning, low pollution or even free of contamination advantage, the introducing of catalyst component more improves the safety of fuel, the reconciliation fuel of heavy oil component matrix is set to replace diesel oil for diesel motor, no matter guarantee technically or in the market access is all more provided, and as a kind of clean and cheap substitute metirials of diesel oil, more effectively compensate for weak tendency of the petroleum diesel in resource and cost.
Below by way of specific embodiment, the present invention is further explained, but should not be understood as limiting the scope of the present invention.It unless otherwise specified and defines, the constituent content and ratio that the present invention is related to, are mass content and mass ratio.
Embodiment 1
The component of fuel is as follows:
Light oil constituents: reducing of crude oil distillate, without purification, measures wherein based on C8-C12 alkane, and the BTX aromatics content about 15% based on toluene+dimethylbenzene by 140-200 DEG C of boiling range;
Catalyst component: reducing of crude oil distillate, without purification, measures wherein based on C13-C16 alkane, and the BTX aromatics content about 5-8% based on toluene+dimethylbenzene by 150-260 DEG C of boiling range;
Heavy oil component: vegetable oil (rapeseed oil or cottonseed oil).
Light oil constituents: catalyst component=4:1, the miscella after allotment measure about 50 DEG C of its close flash point, and according to heavy oil component 70%, light oil constituents+catalyst component total amount is 30%, carry out mixing preparation, obtain liquid fuel of the invention, measure about 55 DEG C of its close flash point.
Using the fuel as the fuel of ethanol-gasoline blowtorch, simulated combustion is tested, and fuel instantaneous ignition, combustion process is generated without black smoke, also loses residue, illustrates that its burning is abundant.
Embodiment 2
It is identical as embodiment for each component of allotment fuel, it does not exist together are as follows:
Light oil constituents: catalyst component=2:1 (mass ratio), the miscella after allotment measure its close flash point About 52 DEG C, according to heavy oil component 70%, light oil constituents+catalyst component gross mass is 30%, carries out mixing preparation, obtains liquid fuel of the invention, measure about 68.5 DEG C of its close flash point.
Combustion test, fuel instantaneous ignition are carried out using gasoline oil stove, combustion process is generated without black smoke, also loses residue, illustrates that its burning is abundant.
Embodiment 3
Light oil constituents is C8-C12Solvent naphtha (contains aromatic hydrocarbons 15%), catalyst component C13-C16Solvent naphtha (contains aromatic hydrocarbons 8%), and the mass ratio 2:1 (52 DEG C of close flash point) of the two, heavy oil component is same as Example 1.
According to heavy oil component 70%, light oil constituents+catalyst component gross mass is 30%, carries out mixing preparation, obtains liquid fuel of the invention, measure about 68.5 DEG C of its close flash point.
Simulated combustion test is carried out to obtained fuel according to the method for embodiment 1 or embodiment 2, can prove that also has good flammability.
Embodiment 4
It is same as Example 1 as the component and light oil constituents of feedstock oil and the allotment ratio of catalyst component, but in the fuel deployed, heavy oil component 80%, light oil constituents+catalyst component gross mass is 20%, obtains liquid fuel of the invention after mixing preparation, measures about 56 DEG C of its close flash point.
Simulated combustion test is carried out to obtained fuel according to the method for embodiment 1 or embodiment 2, can prove that also has good flammability.
Embodiment 5
It is same as Example 2 as the component and light oil constituents of feedstock oil and the allotment ratio of catalyst component, but in the fuel deployed, heavy oil component 50%, light oil constituents+catalyst component gross mass is 50%, obtains liquid fuel of the invention after mixing preparation, measures about 60 DEG C of its close flash point.
Simulated combustion test is carried out to obtained fuel according to the method for embodiment 1 or embodiment 2, can prove that also has good flammability.

Claims (18)

  1. A kind of liquid fuel, composition include: C6-C12 hydrocarbon composition light oil constituents, C13-C16 alkane composition catalyst component and heavy oil component;Based on the liquid fuel, the mass content of the heavy oil component is not less than 10%, the mass content of the light oil constituents is 10-70%, and the quality of the catalyst component accounts for the 10-85% of light oil constituents quality, the aromatic hydrocarbons for being also 0-15% containing mass content in the liquid fuel.
  2. Liquid fuel according to claim 1, wherein based on the liquid fuel, the mass content of the heavy oil component is not less than 50%.
  3. Liquid fuel according to claim 2, wherein based on the liquid fuel, the mass content of the heavy oil component is not less than 70%.
  4. Liquid fuel according to claim 1, wherein based on the liquid fuel, the mass content of the heavy oil component is 89-10%.
  5. Liquid fuel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein based on the liquid fuel, wherein 3-15% containing aromatic hydrocarbons.
  6. Liquid fuel according to claim 1, wherein the light oil constituents and the mixed close flash point of catalyst component are not less than 47 DEG C.
  7. Liquid fuel according to claim 1 or 6, wherein the close flash point of the liquid fuel is not less than 48 DEG C.
  8. Liquid fuel according to claim 1-7, wherein the quality of the catalyst component accounts for the 10-50% of light oil constituents quality.
  9. Liquid fuel according to claim 1-8, wherein the heavy oil component include used oil, diesel oil, biodiesel, biological grease and its derivative or secondly kind more than combination.
  10. Liquid fuel according to claim 9, wherein the biological grease and its derivative include animality or vegetative grease and its derivative, and/or food garbage oil.
  11. Liquid fuel according to claim 1, wherein the light oil constituents of the hydrocarbon composition of the C6-C12 includes having the single alkane of 6-12 carbon or two kinds or more of mixture in them.
  12. Liquid fuel according to claim 11, wherein the light oil constituents of the hydrocarbon composition of the C6-C12 includes the mixture with one of n-alkane and its ppolymorphism alkane, cycloalkane of 6-12 carbon or two kinds or more.
  13. Liquid fuel according to claim 1, wherein the catalyst component of the alkane composition of C13-C16 includes the single alkane or in which two kinds or more of mixture with 13-16 carbon.
  14. Purposes of the described in any item liquid fuels of claim 1-13 as diesel engine engine fuel.
  15. Purposes according to claim 14, wherein
    The Cetane number of the liquid fuel is 40 or more, is used for high-speed diesel fuel engine engine fuel;
    The Cetane number of the liquid fuel is 30 or more, is used for medium speed diesel engines engine fuel;Or, the Cetane number of the liquid fuel is lower than 30, it to be used for slow speed diesel engine engine fuel.
  16. The described in any item liquid fuels of claim 1-13 are as bavin/heavy oil combustion system fuel purposes.
  17. Application of the described in any item liquid fuels of claim 1-13 as substitution derv fuel or aviation kerosine fuel.
  18. Application of the described in any item liquid fuels of claim 1-13 as aviation injection turbine fuel.
CN201580081199.8A 2015-09-25 2015-09-25 Liquid fuel Active CN107835848B (en)

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CN110373233A (en) * 2019-08-01 2019-10-25 孙川 A kind of formula of environment protecting plant oil fuel
CN114058415A (en) * 2021-10-09 2022-02-18 成都工业学院 Safe alcohol-free high-energy fuel oil and preparation method and application thereof

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WO2019056382A1 (en) * 2017-09-25 2019-03-28 陈鸿林 Liquid fuel
MX2021010622A (en) * 2019-03-06 2021-11-12 Green Marine Fuels Llc Processes for converting petroleum based waste oils into light and medium distillate.

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CN1490384A (en) * 2002-10-16 2004-04-21 陈鸿林 Liquid fuel for various combustion systems
CN101218327A (en) * 2005-07-18 2008-07-09 优健责任有限公司 Light oil fuel
JP2007254756A (en) * 2007-05-31 2007-10-04 Jomo Technical Research Center Co Ltd Heavy oil a
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CN110373233A (en) * 2019-08-01 2019-10-25 孙川 A kind of formula of environment protecting plant oil fuel
CN114058415A (en) * 2021-10-09 2022-02-18 成都工业学院 Safe alcohol-free high-energy fuel oil and preparation method and application thereof

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