CN107833279B - DEM-based terrain slope analysis method - Google Patents

DEM-based terrain slope analysis method Download PDF

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CN107833279B
CN107833279B CN201711089805.8A CN201711089805A CN107833279B CN 107833279 B CN107833279 B CN 107833279B CN 201711089805 A CN201711089805 A CN 201711089805A CN 107833279 B CN107833279 B CN 107833279B
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吕海洋
王鏖淯
曾诚
余思明
杨雅迪
宋钰涛
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CETC 28 Research Institute
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Abstract

The invention discloses a terrain gradient analysis method based on DEM, which comprises the steps of firstly, calculating and extracting gradient data of a grid matrix in a certain region range based on DEM data and different resolutions; aiming at the specific requirements of the terrain gradient, the gradient requirements are graded according to rules and are respectively compared with an actual gradient data matrix to obtain a plurality of comparison result matrixes, the comparison result matrixes are fused and superposed to generate a gradient requirement matrix, and then colors are allocated according to each element value in the gradient requirement matrix to fill the gradient requirement matrix to generate a vector diagram; and finally, converting the vector diagram by adopting a projection algorithm to obtain a gradient analysis vector diagram meeting a projection mode. The invention provides a more intuitive and accurate terrain display form and analysis method for military and civil fields with certain requirements on terrain slope fluctuation, such as helicopter airborne landing, search and rescue, path planning and the like.

Description

DEM-based terrain slope analysis method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a terrain slope analysis method, in particular to a terrain slope analysis method based on a DEM (digital elevation model).
Background
The method has obvious guiding and helping significance in the military and civil fields with certain requirements on the relief degree of the terrain by analyzing the terrain gradient and quickly and accurately displaying the relief degree of the terrain. When helicopter search and rescue are executed, the selection of the airborne field is an important component of search and rescue actions, the helicopter can effectively exert the advantages of the helicopter by correctly selecting the airborne field, the helicopter directly reaches a disaster destination, and the helicopter has extremely important significance for completing search and rescue tasks, wherein one of the conditions of the airborne field is that the helicopter approaches to a target of preset search and rescue; the terrain is flat, and no obstacle obstructing the landing exists in the field; the area is enough, so that aerial identification is facilitated; therefore, the precondition for airport selection is the analysis of the terrain in the target area and its surroundings. In addition, the helicopter taking-off and landing field has the following requirements: when the helicopter lands, the requirements on the ground fluctuation degree are different due to different models and flight directions of the helicopter; for example, the requirements of the france and france bumblebee helicopters on the ground gradient are respectively 4 degrees, 6 degrees and 8 degrees, and the maximum gradient of the france and france bumblebee helicopters is one of performance parameters for evaluating the performance of the helicopters.
In order to meet the viewing requirements of different purposes, different projection conversions are required to be carried out during plane display of the current digital map, such as projection conversion modes of Lagbert projection, mercator projection, longitude and latitude projection and the like, under different projection modes, different deformation can be presented in the terrain analysis display in a certain region, and the display positions of points in the region can be changed under different projection modes.
The terrain elements are mainly decided by map experience and visual observation in the task process when the helicopter is selected in a helicopter landing field at present, a rapid and visual terrain slope analysis means and method based on a digital map in different modes are lacked, visual and effective terrain slope conditions of a task execution area and the periphery of the task execution area can be provided for a decision maker before the task is executed, the helicopter landing field is selected in advance, and a reference basis is provided for rapid implementation of the task.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an accurate, efficient and visual terrain slope analysis and display method for performing Elevation data extraction calculation, slope matrix comparison filling and vector graphic projection conversion based on a Digital Elevation Model (DEM).
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a terrain slope analysis method based on a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) comprises the following steps:
step 1: according to the precision requirement, grid matrix digital elevation data in a region range are extracted based on a certain resolution, and a grid gradient data matrix A with M multiplied by N dimensionality is obtained by combining the elevation data matrix with a specific gradient algorithmMN(ii) a Wherein M, N respectively represent momentsRows and columns of the array;
step 2: combining the requirements on the slope limit value under the specific application environment, dividing the slope limit value into M multiplied by N dimensional zero matrixes O (M multiplied by N) according to rules and grading, and respectively connecting each grade of slope value with the actual terrain slope data matrix AMNComparing to obtain a plurality of comparison result 01 matrixes, fusing and superposing to generate a gradient requirement matrix, distributing different colors according to different element values in the gradient requirement matrix for filling, and generating a vector diagram;
and step 3: and according to the map projection mode, calculating each element geographic coordinate of the vector diagram according to the actual geographic coordinate and the display resolution of the area represented by the vector diagram, which are obtained by gradient analysis, and performing projection coordinate conversion on each element geographic coordinate by combining a specific projection algorithm to obtain the gradient analysis vector diagram meeting the map projection mode.
The step 1 of extracting grid matrix digital elevation data in a region range specifically comprises the following steps:
and 1-1, adopting a regular grid model as a DEM model. The regular grid method is to express DEM into an elevation matrix and divide the area space into a plurality of regular grid units, at the moment, DEM is derived from the sampling points of a direct regular rectangular grid or generated by the interpolation of irregular discrete data points, and meanwhile, in order to avoid the problem that the sampling points in a complex terrain area cannot be completely expressed, the grid method is suitable for areas with different fluctuation degrees by changing the size of the grid, grid intervals are increased in the simple terrain area, and grid sampling intervals are reduced in the complex terrain area.
Step 1-2, according to DEM data collected and determined in the region range, calculating to obtain a grid gradient data matrix A by adopting a gradient fitting algorithm (refer to CN201310300633. X' a gradient fitting method based on DEM data)MNMatrix AMNIncluding the value a in M N gridsij。
The step 2 comprises the following steps:
step 2-1, taking the known maximum ground gradient parameter required by taking off and landing of a certain specific model helicopter as a maximum gradient limit value P, dividing P into k levels from small to large according to a helicopter taking off and landing gradient requirement level rule (equal division or a specific helicopter gradient level range), wherein the k levels are P1, P2, … and pk respectively, and the pk represents the gradient value of the kth level and allocates an M multiplied by N dimensional zero matrix O (M multiplied by N) to each level;
step 2-2, respectively connecting the grade gradient values p1, p2, … and pk with the actual terrain gradient matrix AMNValue a in M N gridsijComparing, if the actual gradient value a in the gridijSetting the value of the (i, j) element in the zero matrix corresponding to the grade of px as 1 if the value of x is less than the grade gradient value px, setting the value of x to be 1 if the value of x ranges from 1 to k, and according to the rule, until all grade gradient values and the actual terrain gradient matrix AMNAfter the comparison is completed, k grade gradient 01 matrixes which are subjected to comparison processing are obtained;
step 2-3, adding the k processed 01 matrixes to generate an M multiplied by N gradient requirement matrix with a matrix element range of 0 to k, wherein the gradient requirement matrix has an element value of 0 which represents a point which does not meet the requirement of the maximum gradient limit value P, an element value of 1 which represents a point which meets the requirement of the gradient pk, and so on, the element value of k which represents a point which meets the requirement of the minimum grade gradient P1;
and 2-4, distributing different colors to different element values in the gradient requirement matrix for filling, and generating a vector diagram.
The step 3 comprises the following steps:
step 3-1, calculating geographical longitude and latitude coordinates of each element point of the vector diagram by point displacement according to the geographical longitude and latitude range and the resolution of the area where the vector diagram is located and the geographical longitude and latitude range and the resolution of the boundary of the area in combination with the rasterization resolution of the vector diagram;
step 3-2, performing projection conversion on each element point of the vector diagram according to a specific projection conversion algorithm (quote 'map projection deformation problem and solving method in information system' command information system and technology 2016.12 Touchulin), and calculating geographic longitude and latitude coordinates to obtain element point projection coordinates;
and 3-3, displaying and drawing the vector diagram projection coordinates to obtain a projection-converted gradient analysis vector diagram.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention provides a more intuitive and accurate terrain slope showing form and analysis method based on a digital map under different projection modes for military and civil fields with certain requirements on terrain slope fluctuation, such as helicopter landing, search and rescue, path planning, road navigation and the like.
Drawings
The foregoing and other advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a terrain slope analysis method based on DEM.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the grade limit value ranking and actual grade matrix comparison of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a gradient analysis vector diagram after equal longitude and latitude projection conversion in the invention.
Fig. 4 is a gradient analysis vector diagram of the present invention subjected to the lambert projection conversion.
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained below with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.
With reference to fig. 1 and 2, a specific analysis flow of the method for analyzing a terrain slope based on a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) according to the present invention is as follows:
firstly, extracting a region range based on a certain resolution according to precision requirements, if the region range is determined based on a certain projection map, reversely solving and calculating geographical coordinate values of a selected region according to a current projection mode and the projection coordinate values of the selected region, determining elevation data dereferencing resolution according to the geographical coordinate values calculated by reverse solution and the current display resolution, extracting digital elevation data of a grid matrix according to the geographical coordinate values, and calculating by adopting the elevation data matrix and a specific gradient algorithm to obtain a grid gradient data matrix A with M multiplied by N dimensionalityMN(ii) a And determining the limit gradient value P by combining the requirements on the gradient limit value under the specific application environment.
Secondly, grading the slope limit value according to rules and respectively connecting the grade slope value with the actual terrain slope data matrix AMNComparing to obtain a pluralityComparing the result matrixes, performing fusion and superposition to generate a gradient requirement matrix, and distributing different colors according to different element values in the gradient requirement matrix for filling to generate a vector diagram; with reference to fig. 2, the concrete procedure of gradient comparison is as follows:
(1) dividing the maximum gradient limit value P into k levels from small to large according to a rule, wherein the k levels are P1, P2, … and pk respectively, and distributing an M multiplied by N dimensional zero matrix O (M multiplied by N) to each level;
(2) respectively connecting the grade gradient values p1, p2, … and pk with an actual terrain gradient matrix AMNValue a in M N gridsijComparing, if the actual gradient value a in the gridijIf the grade gradient value is less than the grade gradient value px, setting the value of the (i, j) element in the zero matrix corresponding to the grade gradient of px as 1, and according to the rule, obtaining the matrix A of all grade gradient values and the actual terrain gradientMNAfter the comparison is completed, k grade gradient 01 matrixes which are subjected to comparison processing are obtained;
(3) adding the k processed 01 matrixes to generate an M multiplied by N gradient requirement matrix with a matrix element range of 0 to k, wherein the gradient requirement matrix has an element value of 0 which represents a point which does not meet the requirement of a gradient limit P, an element value of 1 which represents a point which meets the requirement of a gradient pk, and the like, the element value of k which represents a point which meets the requirement of a minimum grade gradient P1;
(4) and according to different element values in the gradient requirement matrix generated in the step, distributing different colors to the matrix elements for filling, and generating a vector diagram.
And thirdly, according to the map projection mode, calculating the geographic coordinates of each element of the vector diagram according to the actual geographic coordinates and the display resolution of the area represented by the vector diagram, converting the geographic coordinates of each element by combining a specific projection algorithm, and converting the projection coordinates into the coordinates of a display screen for display and drawing according to the display resolution to obtain the gradient analysis vector diagram meeting the map projection mode.
One application of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to examples to provide those skilled in the art with a more complete understanding of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto in any way.
Example (b):
taking the selection of a landing place when a helicopter of a certain type executes a helicopter search and rescue task near the Yaan area as an example. The application scenario is that four helicopters land in a single longitudinal team in a target area, the land can not be smaller than 423m multiplied by 105m according to the calculation of a quantization formula required by the land, the maximum land gradient P is selected to be 5 degrees according to helicopter performance parameters, and in order to select a proper land gradient near the target area, a 50km area around the target is selected for terrain gradient analysis.
Firstly, DEM elevation data is extracted by combining display resolution and taking 50m as resolution, and gradient matrix of a target area is calculated by adopting gradient algorithm
Figure BDA0001460925380000051
The ultimate gradient value P (5 degrees) required by the helicopter is divided into three grades, namely an ideal gradient (0-2 degrees), an available gradient (2-5 degrees) and an unavailable gradient (C)>5 deg.) and assigning zero matrix O to ideal and available slopes, respectivelylx(M×N)，Oky(MxN) with 2 and 5, respectively, from the actual gradient matrix AMNComparing the elements one by one, if AMNMiddle (i, j) element aijWhen the temperature is less than or equal to 2 degrees, adding Olx(i, j) in the (M N) matrix is set to 1 if AMNMiddle (i, j) element aijWhen the temperature is less than or equal to 5 degrees, adding OkySetting (i, j) in an (M multiplied by N) matrix to be 1, generating two 01 matrixes after comparison, adding the two 01 matrixes to obtain a gradient requirement matrix, wherein the range of element values in the matrix is (0,1,2), the element value of the matrix is 2 and represents an ideal gradient point (0-2 degrees), the element value of the matrix is 1 and represents an available gradient point (2-5 degrees), and the element value of the matrix is 0 and represents an unavailable gradient point (a), (b, c, d>5 deg. c). And respectively allocating red, blue and green colors to the element points of 0,1 and 2 in the gradient requirement matrix for filling, and generating a gradient analysis vector diagram. The vector diagram is directly drawn in an equal longitude and latitude map as shown in fig. 3 (the content in fig. 3 and 4 is gray scale because the attached drawing of the specification can only be a gray scale map), and the map scale is 1:30 ten thousand.
If the current map projection mode is the Labert projection, according to the third step of the method, the Labert projection conversion algorithm is adopted to convert and calculate the generated vector diagram to obtain a projection conversion gradient analysis vector diagram, and the projection conversion gradient analysis vector diagram is drawn in the Labert projection map mode as shown in figure 4, wherein the map scale is 1:30 ten thousand.
As can be found from fig. 3 and 4, the slope analysis result has a better fit degree with the contour line in the map, and the terrain slope condition of the area can be better reflected; compared with the prior art, the results before and after the projection conversion in the same area are basically consistent, and the slope analysis result after the projection conversion has a better fit degree with the actual terrain slope. By combining the results, the invention can intuitively and accurately analyze and display the terrain slope.
The invention provides a method for analyzing terrain slope based on DEM, and a plurality of methods and ways for implementing the technical scheme, and the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, a plurality of improvements and embellishments can be made without departing from the principle of the invention, and these improvements and embellishments should also be regarded as the protection scope of the invention. All the components not specified in the present embodiment can be realized by the prior art.

Claims (2)

1. A terrain gradient analysis method based on DEM is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: extracting grid matrix digital elevation data in a region range, and calculating by adopting the elevation data matrix to obtain a grid gradient data matrix A with M multiplied by N dimensionalityMNWherein M, N denote the rows and columns of the matrix, respectively;
step 2: grading the slope limit value according to rules and respectively connecting the grade values with the actual terrain slope data matrix AMNComparing, fusing and superposing the obtained comparison result matrixes to generate a gradient requirement matrix, distributing different colors to different element values in the gradient requirement matrix for filling, and generating a vector diagram;
and step 3: converting the vector diagram obtained in the step (2) according to the actual geographic coordinates and the display resolution of the area represented by the vector diagram to obtain a gradient analysis vector diagram meeting a map projection mode;
the step 1 of extracting grid matrix digital elevation data in a region range specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1-1, adopting a regular grid model as a DEM model;
step 1-2, calculating to obtain a grid gradient data matrix A by adopting a gradient fitting algorithm according to DEM data acquired and determined in the region rangeMNMatrix AMNIncluding the value a in M N gridsij；
The step 2 comprises the following steps:
step 2-1, acquiring a maximum gradient limit value P, dividing P into k levels from small to large according to a helicopter take-off and landing gradient requirement level rule, wherein the k levels are P1, P2, … and pk respectively, pk represents a gradient value of the kth level, and an M multiplied by N dimensional zero matrix O (M multiplied by N) is distributed to each level;
step 2-2, respectively connecting the grade gradient values p1, p2, … and pk with the actual terrain gradient matrix AMNValue a in M N gridsijComparing, if the actual gradient value a in the gridijSetting the value of the (i, j) element in the zero matrix corresponding to the grade of px as 1 if the value of x is less than the grade gradient value px, setting the value of x to be 1 if the value of x ranges from 1 to k, and according to the rule, until all grade gradient values and the actual terrain gradient matrix AMNAfter the comparison is completed, k grade gradient 01 matrixes which are subjected to comparison processing are obtained;
step 2-3, adding the k processed 01 matrixes to generate an M multiplied by N gradient requirement matrix with a matrix element range of 0 to k, wherein the gradient requirement matrix has an element value of 0 which represents a point which does not meet the requirement of the maximum gradient limit value P, an element value of 1 which represents a point which meets the requirement of the gradient pk, and so on, the element value of k which represents a point which meets the requirement of the minimum grade gradient P1;
and 2-4, distributing different colors to different element values in the gradient requirement matrix for filling, and generating a vector diagram.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein step 3 comprises the steps of:
step 3-1, calculating geographical longitude and latitude coordinates of each element point of the vector diagram by point displacement according to the geographical longitude and latitude range and the resolution of the area where the vector diagram is located and the geographical longitude and latitude range and the resolution of the boundary of the area in combination with the rasterization resolution of the vector diagram;
step 3-2, performing projection conversion on each element point of the vector diagram according to a specific projection conversion algorithm, and calculating the geographic longitude and latitude coordinates to obtain element point projection coordinates;
and 3-3, displaying and drawing the vector diagram projection coordinates to obtain a projection-converted gradient analysis vector diagram.
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