CN107831461A - Longitudinal gradient coil design method based on 01 integer programmings - Google Patents
Longitudinal gradient coil design method based on 01 integer programmings Download PDFInfo
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- CN107831461A CN107831461A CN201711005456.7A CN201711005456A CN107831461A CN 107831461 A CN107831461 A CN 107831461A CN 201711005456 A CN201711005456 A CN 201711005456A CN 107831461 A CN107831461 A CN 107831461A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/28—Details of apparatus provided for in groups G01R33/44 - G01R33/64
- G01R33/38—Systems for generation, homogenisation or stabilisation of the main or gradient magnetic field
- G01R33/385—Systems for generation, homogenisation or stabilisation of the main or gradient magnetic field using gradient magnetic field coils
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of longitudinal gradient coil design method based on 01 integer programmings, the present invention proposes a kind of 01 integer programming methods of longitudinal gradient coil design for separating the problem of method for winding is present.Region division where coil is some one-dimensional grids by the method, takes the position that net center of a lattice is electric current annulus to be asked.The electric current I of given Circumferential coils, if somewhere electric current annulus contributes to magnetic field, variable 1, electric current 1*I, then variable is 0 for no contribution, electric current 0.This method calculating is simple direct, can be minimum with coil inductance or using the minimum target of material, can easily realize the good gradient magnetic linearity, and can easily apply the constraint of coil-span.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to mr imaging technique field, and in particular to a kind of longitudinal gradient line based on Zero-one integer programming
Enclose design method.
Background technology
Magnetic resonance imaging is the technology being imaged based on nmr phenomena.Gradient coil is magnetic resonance imaging system
Important component, for producing the magnetic field of linear change in three, imaging area interior edge space orthogonal direction, it is respectively applied to layer
Face selection, phase code and frequency coding, to provide basis on location for image reconstruction.The structure of gradient coil mainly includes envelope
The cylindrical structural of enclosed and open planar structure.
For at present, permanent magnet type magnetic resonance imaging system is more using open plane tray type structure, superconducting magnetic resonance into
As system is more using closed cylindrical structure.As the raising and people of permanent magnet type magnetic resonance imaging system cost are to image quality
It is required that raising, superconducting magnetic resonance imaging system replace permanent magnet type magnetic resonance imaging system be later development trend.
The index for weighing gradient coil performance has：Gradient intensity G, gradient non-linear degree E, eddy current and coil inductance.
In general, the gradient intensity of gradient coil is higher, nonlinearity is smaller, inductance is smaller, then it represents that the performance of coil is better.
In magnetic resonance imaging system, the direction of main field is defined as z directions.Coil of the gradient coil along main field direction claims
For longitudinal gradient coil (z direction gradients coil), the coil perpendicular to main field direction is referred to as horizontal gradient loop (x directions ladder
Spend coil and y direction gradients coil).
For longitudinal gradient coil typically using the form of " Maxwell's coil to ", it is the loop coil that a pair radius is r,
It is opposite on origin symmetry, the sense of current.Actual gradient coil is often adopted to obtain the more preferable linearity and gradient intensity
With multipair coil.
The basic design method of gradient coil can be divided into two major classes：One kind is the separation method for winding of rule, that is, is selected
Predetermined regular loop geometries, coil knot is then optimized according to the principle that can obtain magnetic field optimum linear gradient
Structure；Another kind of is distribution method for winding (also referred to as current density method), and this method is according to Maxwell equations, by required ladder
Degree field distribution asks for a preferable continuous surface current density determined in spatial dimension, Ran Houyong by certain optimized algorithm
Distribution coiling or conductive copper plate simulate this electric current distribution.Distribution method for winding can obtain reality according to the requirement of target field
The now electric current distribution of this, but error be present when current density is discrete, so as to cause coil performance to decline.Certainly shielding
Cover in the design of gradient coil, this problem is even more important.Moreover, distribution method for winding is not easy to apply the pact of coil-span
Beam.The advantages of separating method for winding is simple direct, is easy to engineering calculation and realization.But the performance indications of coil with advance really
Fixed coil shape relation is very big, it is difficult to finds the globally optimal solution of coil performance parameter.In general, in separation method for winding
It is improved the technical scheme for the above mentioned problem that more likely achieves a solution.
The content of the invention
In view of this, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of base for being easy to find the globally optimal solution of coil performance parameter
In longitudinal gradient coil design method of Zero-one integer programming, to solve to be not easy existing for prior art to apply constraints,
It is difficult to obtain the technical problem of the globally optimal solution of coil performance parameter.
The technical solution of the present invention is to provide a kind of longitudinal gradient coil design method based on Zero-one integer programming,
Comprise the following steps：
Assuming that it is L that gradient coil main coil and shielded coil, which are respectively distributed to length,pAnd Ls, radius is respectively RpAnd Rs's
Region, electrical current I；Coil region is evenly dividing as M respectively along z-axis with gridpAnd MsEqual portions, it is line to take grid element center
Enclose position；Main coil and shielded coil use identical grid spacing, and adjust the length L of coil as neededpAnd LsSo that
Lattice number just round numbers；
In spherical imaging region DSV, N is chosen1Individual target site, shielding area choose N2Individual target site, then positioned at z
=z 'j(j=1 ..., Mp+Ms) place, radius is r=r 'j(j=1 ..., Mp+Ms) electric current annulus in the i-th (i=1 ..., N1+N2)
Individual site (ri, zj) caused by magnetic field z-component and r components be respectively：
Wherein,
K (k) and E (k) is respectively elliptic integral of the first kind and elliptic integral of the second kind；μ0For
Space permeability；
The size of current of main coil and shielded coil is equal, and in the opposite direction, therefore all current-carrying grids produce in i-th of site
Raw magnetic field is
Wherein ej=0, illustrate that mesh current is not contributed magnetic field, ej=1 explanation coil contributes to magnetic field；In DSV
It is interior, only consider magnetic field z-component, consider B in shielding areazAnd Br, being written as matrix form is
Bzdsv=IA1e
Bzshield=IA2e
Brshield=IA3e
Wherein, coefficient matrices A1Dimension be N1×(Mp+Ms), A2And A3For N2×(Mp+Ms) coefficient matrix.
Model is at least established for target with coil method dosage, then
Object function：
Constraints：
|IA1e-B′zdsv|≤ε1B′zdsv
|IA2e|≤ε2
|IA3e|≤ε3
ej=0 or ej=1；B′zdsv=Gz*zj, B 'zdsvFor magnetic field of the goal z-component, GzFor goal gradient field strength；
Wherein, ε1Take 0.05, ε2And ε2Take 10-7；
The linear programming model is solved, obtains the number of turn of main coil and shielded coil and the position of coil distribution.
Optionally, the minimum spacing constraint of coil is defined, it is assumed that grid spacing is a mm, the most narrow spacing of two circle hub of a spools
From for b mm, constraints can be applied, it is the maximum integer less than b/a to take h；Then have：
ej+ej+1+ej+2...+ej+h≤ 1 (j=1 ..., Mp- h, Mp+ 1 ..., Mp+Ms-h)
Constraints：
|IA1e-B′zdsv|≤ε1B′zdsv
|IA2e|≤ε2
|IA3e|≤ε3
Ce≤1
ej=0 or ej=1
Wherein, the dimension of Matrix C is (Mp+Ms-2h)×(Mp+Ms)。
Optionally, the point on 1/4 camber line is taken to take positive axis or negative half on loop construction as target site in DSV
Shaft portion carries out mesh generation.
Optionally, gradient intensity GzUnit be T/m/A, obtaining current I=1A.
Optionally, gradient intensity GzUnit when being T/m, i.e., when taking T/m, first obtaining current I is equal to particular value, then by
Step increase electric current, it is found that with the increase of electric current, material usage is being reduced, until the material usage under present current value with it is upper
When the difference of material usage under one current value is less than respective threshold, it is the optimal electricity for realizing that material usage is minimum to confirm the current value
Flow valuve.
Using the inventive method, compared with prior art, there is advantages below：Invention is for separation coiling side
The problem of method is present, propose a kind of Zero-one integer programming method of longitudinal gradient coil design.The method is by the region where coil
Some one-dimensional grids are divided into, take the position that net center of a lattice is electric current annulus to be asked.The electric current I of given Circumferential coils, if
Somewhere electric current annulus contributes to magnetic field, then variable is 1, electric current 1*I, and then variable is 0 for no contribution, electric current 0.This method meter
Calculation is simple direct, can be minimum with coil inductance or using the minimum target of material, can easily realize good gradient magnetic
The linearity, and can easily apply the constraint of coil-span.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of longitudinal gradient coil under the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the coiling schematic diagram of main coil；
Fig. 3 is the coiling schematic diagram of shielded coil.
Embodiment
The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, but the present invention is not restricted to these
Embodiment.The present invention covers any replacement made in the spirit and scope of the present invention, modification, equivalent method and scheme.
Thoroughly understand in order that the public has to the present invention, be described in detail in present invention below preferred embodiment specific
Details, and description without these details can also understand the present invention completely for a person skilled in the art.
More specifically description is of the invention by way of example referring to the drawings in the following passage.It should be noted that accompanying drawing is adopted
Non- accurately ratio is used with more simplified form and, only to convenience, lucidly aid in illustrating the embodiment of the present invention
Purpose.
With reference to shown in figure 1, a kind of Optimization Design of magnetic resonance imaging longitudinal direction gradient coil, methods described successively press with
Lower step is realized：
Illustrate the method for longitudinal gradient coil design by taking the design of superconduction longitudinal direction gradient coil as an example：
Firstly, since gradient coil is shaped as circular ring type, the coil is distributed on roz faces.Main coil length is Lp,
Radius is Rp, shielded coil length is Ls, radius Rs.Main coil and shielded coil are evenly dividing as M respectivelypAnd MsEqual portions,
It is Circumferential coils position to take grid element center.Main coil and shielded coil use identical grid spacing, and adjust line as needed
The length L of circlepAnd LsSo that lattice number just round numbers.
According to Biot-Savart laws, positioned at z ' places, electric current I, radius is that r ' energization Circumferential coils is appointed in space
Some magnetic-field component caused by (r, z) is meaning
Wherein,
K (k) and E (k) is respectively elliptic integral of the first kind and elliptic integral of the second kind.
The target site of longitudinal gradient coil optimization problem is selected respectively in imaging area and shielding area：
On the 1/2 spheric region camber line in imaging area, N is chosen1Individual target point, consider the symmetry of gradient coil, can
Only to carry out mesh generation to the positive axis of main coil and the z-axis of shielded coil.Target site selects 1/4 camber line in imaging area
On point, shielding area z-axis positive axis select.
Wherein, rdsvFor spherical imaging area radius,GzFor given gradient intensity value,
B′zdsvFor preferable magnetic field z-component value.
It is R in radius in shielding areastray, length LsThe face of cylinder side selection N2Individual point is target site,
Because the electrical current of main coil and shielded coil is equal in magnitude, in the opposite direction, therefore main coil electrical current is set
For I, shielded coil electrical current is-I.In operating current, spherical imaging area radius rdsvWith gradient intensity GzGiven situation
Under, establish Zero-one integer programming model by object function f of coil method dosage：
Wherein, ejFor optimized variable (ej=0 or ej=1), MpAnd MsIt is division part of main coil and shielded coil respectively
Number, and
In imaging area, magnetic field z-component is only considered, consider B in shielding areazAnd Br, therefore constraints is：
|IA1e-B′zdsv|≤ε1B′zdsv
|IA2e|≤ε2
|IA3e|≤ε3
ej=0 or ej=1
Herein, ε1Take 0.05, ε2And ε2Take 10-7.Coefficient matrices A1Dimension be N1×(Mp+Ms), A2And A3For N2×(Mp+
Ms) coefficient matrix.
The linear programming model of solution, the number of turn of coil and the position of coil distribution can be obtained, optimum results are sometimes
There is the situation that coil is concentrated.Consider the actual size and coil-span of coil, it is necessary to apply minimum between coil in design
The constraints of distance.According to the size of grid division, we can define the minimum spacing constraint of coil.Assuming that grid spacing
For 4mm, the minimum range of two circle hub of a spools is 10mm, can apply coil-span constraints：
ej+ej+1+ej+2≤ 1 (j=1 ..., Mp- 2, Mp+ 1 ..., Mp+Ms-2)
Now constraints is：
|IA1e-B′zdsv|≤ε1B′zdsv
|IA2e|≤ε2
|IA3e|≤ε3
Ce≤1
ej=0 or ej=1
Wherein, the dimension of Matrix C is (Mp+Ms-4)×(Mp+Ms)。
If grid spacing is 3mm, coil constraints is
ej+ej+1+ej+2+ej+3≤ 1 (j=1 ..., Mp- 3, Mp+ 1 ..., Mp+Ms- 3), the dimension of Matrix C is then in constraints
It is changed into (Mp+Ms-6)×(Mp+Ms)。
In the design of above-mentioned longitudinal gradient coil, the symmetry of gradient coil is considered, can be only to main coil and shielding line
The positive axis of the z-axis of circle carries out mesh generation.Target site selects the point on 1/4 camber line in imaging area, in shielding area z-axis
Positive axis selection.
Keep magnetic field and coil-span constraints constant, change object function f, different linear programmings can also be obtained
Or Nonlinear programming Model.
Gradient intensity GzUnit can be T/m/A or T/m.When taking T/m/A, i.e. obtaining current I=1A.When
, can first obtaining current I=100A when taking T/m.Then electric current is incrementally increased, it is found that with the increase of electric current, material usage exists
Reduce, when reaching a current value, continue to increase with electric current, material usage varies less.
Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 is the superconduction longitudinal direction gradient coil coiling schematic diagram of design.rdsv=0.225m, Lp=1.2m, Ls=
1.4m, Rp=0.36m, Rs=0.39m, Gz=55* (1e-6) T/m/A, Rstray=Rs+0.15。
Although embodiment is separately illustrated and illustrated above, it is related to the common technology in part, in ordinary skill
Personnel apparently, can be replaced and integrate between the embodiments, be related to one of embodiment and the content recorded is not known, then
Refer to another embodiment on the books.
Embodiments described above, the restriction to the technical scheme protection domain is not formed.It is any in above-mentioned implementation
Modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principle of mode etc., should be included in the protection model of the technical scheme
Within enclosing.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of longitudinal gradient coil design method based on Zero-one integer programming, comprises the following steps：
Assuming that it is L that gradient coil main coil and shielded coil, which are respectively distributed to length,pAnd Ls, radius is respectively RpAnd RsRegion,
Electrical current is I；Coil region is evenly dividing as M respectively along z-axis with gridpAnd MsEqual portions, it is coil position to take grid element center
Put；
In spherical imaging region DSV, N is chosen1Individual target site, shielding area choose N2Individual target site, then positioned at z=z 'j
(j=1 ..., Mp+Ms) place, radius is r=r 'j(j=1 ..., Mp+Ms) electric current annulus in the i-th (i=1 ..., N1+N2) individual field
Point (ri, zi) caused by magnetic field z-component and r components be respectively：
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K (k) and E (k) is respectively elliptic integral of the first kind and elliptic integral of the second kind；μ0For
Space permeability；
The size of current of main coil and shielded coil is equal, and in the opposite direction, therefore all current-carrying grids are caused by i-th of site
Magnetic field is
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Wherein ej=0, illustrate that mesh current is not contributed magnetic field, ej=1 explanation coil contributes to magnetic field；In DSV, only
Consider magnetic field z-component, consider B in shielding areazAnd Br, being written as matrix form is
Bzdsv=IA1e
Bzshield=IA2e
Brshield=IA3e
Wherein, coefficient matrices A1Dimension be N1×(Mp+Ms), A2And A3For N2×(Mp+Ms) coefficient matrix.
Model is at least established for target with coil method dosage, then
Object function：
Constraints：
|IA1e-B′zdsv|≤ε1B′zdsv
|IA2e|≤ε2
|IA3e|≤ε3
ej=0 or ej=1；B′zdsv=Gz*zj, B 'zdsvFor magnetic field of the goal z-component, GzFor goal gradient field strength；
Wherein, ε1Take 0.05, ε2And ε2Take 10-7；
The linear programming model is solved, obtains the number of turn of main coil and shielded coil and the position of coil distribution.
2. longitudinal gradient coil design method according to claim 1 based on Zero-one integer programming, it is characterised in that：It is fixed
The minimum spacing constraint of adopted coil, it is assumed that grid spacing is a mm, and the minimum range of two circle hub of a spools is b mm, can be applied
Constraints, it is the maximum integer less than b/a to take h；Then have：
ej+ej+1+ej+2...+ej+h≤ 1 (j=1 ..., Mp- h, Mp+ 1 ..., Mp+Ms-h)
Optimization constraints is rewritten as
Constraints：
|IA1e-B′zdsv|≤ε1B′zdsv
|IA2e|≤ε2
|IA3e|≤ε3
Ce≤1
ej=0 or ej=1
Wherein, the dimension of Matrix C is (Mp+Ms-2h)×(Mp+Ms)。
3. according to longitudinal gradient coil design method based on Zero-one integer programming of claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：
The point on 1/4 camber line is taken to take positive axis or minus half shaft portion to carry out grid and draw on loop construction as target site in DSV
Point.
4. longitudinal gradient coil design method according to claim 1 based on Zero-one integer programming, it is characterised in that：Ladder
Spend intensity GzUnit be T/m/A, obtaining current I=1A.
5. longitudinal gradient coil design method according to claim 3 based on Zero-one integer programming, it is characterised in that：Ladder
Spend intensity GzUnit when being T/m, i.e., when taking T/m, first obtaining current I is equal to particular value, then incrementally increases electric current, it is found that
With the increase of electric current, material usage is being reduced, the material under the material usage under present current value and a upper current value
When the difference of dosage is less than respective threshold, it is the optimal current value for realizing that material usage is minimum to confirm the current value.
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