CN107831012B - A kind of Method for Bearing Fault Diagnosis based on Walsh transformation and Teager energy operator - Google Patents
A kind of Method for Bearing Fault Diagnosis based on Walsh transformation and Teager energy operator Download PDFInfo
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- CN107831012B CN107831012B CN201710941685.3A CN201710941685A CN107831012B CN 107831012 B CN107831012 B CN 107831012B CN 201710941685 A CN201710941685 A CN 201710941685A CN 107831012 B CN107831012 B CN 107831012B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to mechanical fault diagnosis fields, the invention discloses a kind of Fault Diagnosis of Roller Bearings based on Walsh transformation and Teager energy operator, its particular content is as follows: acceleration transducer being fixed on measured bearing seat first, and acceleration transducer is connect with data collecting instrument to obtain bearing vibration signal, then bearing failure diagnosis is carried out, converts de-noising by carrying out Walsh to signal；And it is demodulated with Teager energy operator and extracts fault signature；And go out bearing fault type with calculated value comparison fixation and recognition.The present invention is to combine Walsh transformation de-noising with the demodulation of Teager energy operator using vibration signal as research object, propose a kind of new Method for Bearing Fault Diagnosis.The present invention can effectively diagnose the fault type of rolling bearing, have the advantages that accuracy rate of diagnosis is high.
Description
Technical field
It is especially a kind of based on Walsh transformation and Teager energy the invention belongs to mechanical fault diagnosis technical field
Measure the Method for Bearing Fault Diagnosis of operator.
Background technique
Under modernization industry working condition, the structure of mechanical equipment is more fine, and automatization level is higher and higher, operation
Operating condition is increasingly sophisticated, and requirement of the people to mechanical equipment is also increasingly tighter.Rolling bearing is the important part in machine, it is extensively
Applied to each important department such as chemical industry, metallurgy, electric power, space flight.
Rolling bearing is also one of the element for being easiest to damage simultaneously, and according to statistics, bearing fault accounts for rotating machinery event
As many as 40 the percent of barrier.It should be periodically to be tieed up to bearing according to projected life to the major measure of bearing fault at this stage
It repairs, on the one hand the bearing for being more than projected life and intact work is removed as processing is scrapped, causes to waste；On the other hand,
Not up to projected life and the bearing that breaks down does not occur as soon as catastrophe failure to maintenance time, cause entire machine to stop fortune
Turn.From this, for rolling bearing hard time maintenance be it is very unscientific, to rolling bearing carry out status monitoring, can subtract
Less or prevent accident, cuts down expenses.But during to state monitoring of rolling bearing, the vibration signal actually obtained is often
Have the characteristics that ambient noise is big and fault signature is faint, is unfavorable for carrying out fast and accurately fault diagnosis.Therefore, weaken bearing
The ambient noise of vibration signal simultaneously enhances fault signature, has a very important significance.
Wavelet transformation is new transform analysis method a kind of in recent years, it inherits and developed short time discrete Fourier transform office
The thought in portion, while the disadvantages of window size does not change with frequency is overcome again, wavelet transformation can better observation signal
Local characteristics, can simultaneously observation signal time and frequency information, this is that Fourier transformation is not achieved.But use small echo
Transformation inhibits noise often to lead to oscillation effect when handling Low SNR signal, while needing hand when carrying out wavelet transformation
The suitable small echo of dynamic selection, in this way to considerably increasing the required time in the processing of Practical Project problem.
Summary of the invention
For overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides one kind based on Walsh transformation and Teager energy operator
Fault Diagnosis of Roller Bearings, by simple vibration measurement, using Walsh transformation de-noising and Teager energy
The operator method that combines of demodulation weakens ambient noise and enhances fault signature, realizes that quickly and effectively rolling bearing fault is examined
It is disconnected.
To achieve the goals above, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that: one kind based on Walsh transformation with Teager energy
Measure the Method for Bearing Fault Diagnosis of operator, which is characterized in that including the following contents: acceleration transducer is fixed on test bearing
On seat, acceleration transducer output end is connect with AVANT-MI-7016 multi-Channels Data Acquisition, and Acquisition Instrument is by collected number
According to computer is sent to, Walsh transformation de-noising is carried out to signal with computer, failure spy is extracted in the demodulation of Teager energy operator
Sign, and go out bearing fault type with calculated value comparison fixation and recognition；Specific steps are as follows:
(1) original signal is acquired, data are acquired using acceleration transducer and 16 channel data acquisition instruments, and number will be measured
It is passed in computer according to when fructufy；
(2) obtained real time data is subjected to Walsh and converts denoising；Walsh converts noise-eliminating method are as follows:
Original signal is converted with Walsh first and is handled, a series of Walsh coefficients being made of square wave, institute are obtained
With transformation for mula are as follows:
In formula (1), fnFor original signal, AnFor Walsh coefficient, N is signal length, and ψ (n, t) is the side Rademacher
Journey, is defined as:
φ (n+1, x)=Sgn (sin2 π 2nX), n=0,1,2 ... 0≤x < 1 (4)
In formula (4), Sgn is jump function, is defined as:
Then resulting Walsh coefficient is subjected to soft-threshold processing, threshold formula are as follows:
K=MAD (An)/0.6745 (6)
In formula (6): k is soft-threshold, and MAD is mean absolute deviation；
The processed Walsh coefficient of soft-threshold is finally subjected to Walsh inverse transformation, the signal after obtaining de-noising；
(3) signal after de-noising is subjected to Teager energy operator demodulation process, it is related special extracts rolling bearing fault
Sign, Teager energy operator demodulation method are as follows:
For discrete-time signal x (n), Teager energy operator ψ is defined as:
ψ [x (n)]=[x (n)]2-x(n-1)x(n+1) (7)
(4) Rolling Bearing Fault Character will be extracted and calculated value comparison fixation and recognition goes out bearing fault type, had
The calculation method of body such as following equation calculates: outer ring failure-frequency formula:
In formula (8): f is gyrofrequency, and z is rolling element number, and α is bearing pressure angle, and d is to roll
Body diameter, E are bearing pitch diameter.
Using the above scheme, Walsh transformation (Walsh Transform, WT) proposed by the present invention can translate the signals into for
A series of Walsh coefficients being made of square wave are effectively weakening the same of ambient noise by soft-threshold de-noising and signal reconstruction
When can reduce calculation amount, save and calculate the time.Hilbert demodulating algorithm is the common tool of Digital Signal Analysis and Processing, can be with
Realization measures signal power, is detected to narrow band signal, carrying out the function such as estimating to instantaneous power.But Hilbert
Demodulating algorithm not can avoid adding window effect, this makes demodulation result non-instantaneous response characteristic occur, i.e., in the modulated signal demodulated
Both ends and there is the intermediate position of mutation that will generate modulation, show as the fluctuation that amplitude exponentially decays, so that demodulation be made to miss
Difference increases.Teager energy operator (Teager Energy Operator, TEO) proposed by the present invention is a non-linear calculation
Son has temporal properties, can track the instantaneous energy of signal, total mechanical energy needed for estimation generates signal, hypersensitivity
Feature is highly beneficial for the fault signature for enhancing bearing.In practical applications, the present invention can weaken ambient noise, enhancing failure
Feature is simultaneously saved the calculating time, and this method has good effect in rolling bearing fault diagnosis.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has a characteristic that
1, it solves the problems, such as that rolling bearing fault diagnosis precision is not high, by simple vibration measurement, uses
Walsh converts de-noising and weakens ambient noise to the adverse effect of Weak fault signal, then with the demodulation of Teager energy operator come
Enhance fault signature, realizes effective rolling bearing fault diagnosis.
2, complementary characteristic of the fusion using Walsh transformation de-noising and the demodulation of Teager energy operator, the rolling bearing of acquisition
It is high that fault signature extracts recognition capability.
3, it is applicable to the rolling bearing of different model, can be widely used in various kinds of equipment bearing monitoring.
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of Fault Diagnosis of Roller Bearings based on Walsh transformation and Teager energy operator of the invention
Flow chart；
Fig. 2 is that walsh of the invention converts de-noising flow chart；
Fig. 3 is the deep groove ball bearing outer ring fault-signal processing result that the present invention tests；
Fig. 4 is the cylinder roller bearing outer ring fault-signal processing result that the present invention tests；
Fig. 5 is a kind of Diagnosing System for Detecting of Antifriction Bearings based on Walsh transformation and Teager energy operator of the invention
Figure.
Specific embodiment
Protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following specific embodiments, and persons skilled in the art are according to the present invention
Disclosure can be implemented of the invention or all using design of the invention using other a variety of specific embodiments
Structure and thinking do simple change or change, both fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Specific embodiments of the present invention are the axis of rolling based on Walsh transformation and Teager energy operator as shown in Figs. 1-5
Method for diagnosing faults is held, acceleration transducer is fixed on test bearing seat, acceleration transducer output end and AVANT-MI-
The connection of 7016 multi-Channels Data Acquisitions, Acquisition Instrument to computer, carry out collected data transmission with computer to signal
Walsh converts de-noising, fault signature is extracted in the demodulation of Teager energy operator, and goes out bearing with calculated value comparison fixation and recognition
Fault type, realizes the accurate detection to rolling bearing operating status, which can realize bearing fault intelligence
It can diagnosis.
The procedure Procedure of the specific embodiment of specific Diagnosing System for Detecting of Antifriction Bearings please refers to Fig. 1, and Walsh transformation disappears
Process of making an uproar please refers to Fig. 2.
Specific step is as follows:
(1) original signal is acquired, data are acquired using acceleration transducer and 16 channel data acquisition instruments, and number will be measured
It is passed in computer according to when fructufy；
(2) obtained real time data is subjected to Walsh and converts denoising；Walsh converts noise-eliminating method are as follows:
Original signal is converted with Walsh first and is handled, a series of Walsh systems being made of square wave are obtained
Number, transformation for mula used are as follows:
In formula (1), fnFor original signal, AnFor Walsh coefficient, N is signal length, and ψ (n, t) is
Rademacher equation, is defined as:
φ (n+1, x)=Sgn (sin2 π 2nX), n=0,1,2 ... 0≤x < 1 (4)
In formula (4), Sgn is jump function, is defined as:
Then resulting Walsh coefficient is subjected to soft-threshold processing, threshold formula are as follows:
K=MAD (An)/0.6745 (6)
In formula (6): k is soft-threshold, and MAD is mean absolute deviation；
The processed Walsh coefficient of soft-threshold is finally subjected to Walsh inverse transformation, the signal after obtaining de-noising；De-noising behaviour
It is as shown in Figure 2 to make process.
(3) signal after de-noising is subjected to Teager energy operator demodulation process, it is related special extracts rolling bearing fault
Sign, Teager energy operator demodulation method are as follows:
For discrete-time signal x (n), Teager energy operator ψ is defined as:
ψ [x (n)]=[x (n)]2-x(n-1)x(n+1) (7)
(4) Rolling Bearing Fault Character will be extracted and calculated value comparison fixation and recognition goes out bearing fault type, had
The calculation method of body such as following equation calculates:
Outer ring failure-frequency formula:
In formula (8): f is gyrofrequency, and z is rolling element number, and α is bearing pressure angle, and d is rolling element diameter, and E is bearing
Pitch diameter.
It is the obtained result of fault type with method actual verification deep-groove ball rolling bearing of the invention as shown in Figure 3
Figure, upper figure is time-domain signal, and middle figure is the effect picture of Hilbert envelope spectrum, and the following figure is the effect picture of this patent the method,
Comparison can find this patent the method accuracy rate with higher.The information of the deep-groove ball rolling bearing is as follows: gyrofrequency
29.87Hz, rolling element number be 8, bearing pressure angle is 0 degree, rolling element diameter is 7.93 millimeters, bearing pitch diameter is
44.12 millimeters.It is 91.15Hz by the failure-frequency that formula (8) can calculate this experiment axis bearing outer-ring, it can be fast from figure
The frequency for distinguishing failure fastly is that 87.5Hz is close with theoretical value, it is possible to determine that the fault type of this rolling bearing is bearing outer ring
Failure.
It is the obtained result of fault type with method actual verification cylinder roller bearing of the invention as shown in Figure 4
Figure, upper figure is time-domain signal, and middle figure is the effect picture of Hilbert envelope spectrum, and the following figure is the effect picture of this patent the method,
Comparison can find this patent the method accuracy rate with higher.The information of the cylinder roller bearing is as follows: gyrofrequency
29.85Hz, rolling element number are 13, bearing pressure angle is 0 degree, rolling element diameter is 6.5 millimeters, bearing pitch diameter is
38.5 millimeters.It is 161.27Hz by the failure-frequency that formula (8) can calculate this experiment axis bearing outer-ring, it can be fast from figure
The frequency for distinguishing failure fastly is that 161.7Hz is close with theoretical value, it is possible to determine that the fault type of this rolling bearing is outside bearing
Enclose failure.It can further illustrate that the present invention has preferable treatment effect by above-described embodiment, be worthy of popularization.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of Method for Bearing Fault Diagnosis based on Walsh transformation and Teager energy operator, which is characterized in that including following
Content: acceleration transducer is fixed on test bearing seat, acceleration transducer output end and AVANT-MI-7016 multichannel
Collected data transmission to computer, is carried out Walsh transformation to signal with computer and disappeared by data collecting instrument connection, Acquisition Instrument
It makes an uproar, Teager energy operator demodulation extraction fault signature, and go out bearing fault type with calculated value comparison fixation and recognition；Tool
Steps are as follows for gymnastics work:
(1) original signal is acquired, data are acquired using acceleration transducer and AVANT-MI-7016 multi-Channels Data Acquisition,
And it will be passed in computer when data measured fructufy；
(2) obtained real time data is subjected to Walsh and converts denoising；Walsh converts noise-eliminating method are as follows:
Original signal is converted with Walsh first and is handled, a series of Walsh coefficients being made of square wave, change used are obtained
Change formula are as follows:
In formula (1), fnFor original signal, AnFor Walsh coefficient, N is signal length, and ψ (n, t) is Rademacher equation, is determined
Justice are as follows:
In formula (4), Sgn is jump function, is defined as:
Then resulting Walsh coefficient is subjected to soft-threshold processing, threshold formula are as follows:
K=MAD (An)/0.6745 (6)
In formula (6): k is soft-threshold, and MAD is mean absolute deviation；
The processed Walsh coefficient of soft-threshold is finally subjected to Walsh inverse transformation, the signal after obtaining de-noising；
(3) signal after de-noising is subjected to Teager energy operator demodulation process, extracts rolling bearing fault correlated characteristic,
Teager energy operator demodulation method are as follows:
For discrete-time signal x (n), Teager energy operator ψ is defined as:
ψ [x (n)]=[x (n)]2-x(n-1)x(n+1) (7)
(4) Rolling Bearing Fault Character will be extracted and calculated value comparison fixation and recognition goes out bearing fault type, specifically
Calculation method such as following equation calculates:
Outer ring failure-frequency formula:
In formula (8): f is gyrofrequency, and Z is rolling element number, and α is bearing pressure angle, and d is rolling element diameter, and E is bearing pitch circle
Diameter.
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| CN108444698B (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2019-07-09 | 福州大学 | Epicyclic gearbox Incipient Fault Diagnosis method based on TEO demodulation accidental resonance |
| CN109101936A (en) * | 2018-08-21 | 2018-12-28 | 北京工业大学 | It is a kind of based on adaptive MED Fault Diagnosis of Rolling Element Bearings method |
| CN109443719B (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2020-05-19 | 河南理工大学 | Drill bit vibration signal online virtual test method and system thereof |
| CN111256993A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2020-06-09 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Method and system for diagnosing fault type of main bearing of wind turbine generator |
| CN112183344B (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-06-01 | 广东石油化工学院 | Large unit friction fault analysis method and system based on waveform and dimensionless learning |
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| CN102768115B (en) * | 2012-06-27 | 2016-04-20 | 华北电力大学 | A kind of gearbox of wind turbine health status real-time dynamic monitoring method |
| CN103091096A (en) * | 2013-01-23 | 2013-05-08 | 北京信息科技大学 | Extraction method for early failure sensitive characteristics based on ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and wavelet packet transform |
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Application publication date: 20180323 Assignee: EBARA GREAT PUMPS Co.,Ltd. Assignor: Wenzhou University Contract record no.: X2023330000206 Denomination of invention: A bearing fault diagnosis method based on Walsh transform and Teager energy operator Granted publication date: 20190903 License type: Common License Record date: 20230329 |
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