CN107818561A - 一种利用无人机测定牧场内放牧率的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种利用无人机测定牧场内放牧率的方法,其利用无人机并配套相应的测定装置,实现高效、精确、动态的放牧率的测定,本发明能够确定较为准确的草原面积,提供一种简便的计算放牧率的方法;无人机灵活,操作简单,能够高效精确对放牧进行动态监测。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及无人机应用技术领域,尤其涉及一种利用无人机测定牧场内放牧率的方法。
背景技术
放牧是草地最重要的利用方式之一,放牧率是牧场科学管理最重要的依据之一。传统的放牧测定放牧率时间长、准确率低、操作成本高等缺点,。
传统的载畜量和放牧率测定方法,存在如下缺陷:
1.不能定量地测定牧场内任意区域的放牧率,从而严格地讲仅是半定量的描述;
2.草原放牧率的快速、即时测定较为困难,难以用于牧草管理策略的及时调整和优化。
充分考虑到长期的、即时的放牧率定点监测在科学研究和生产过程中的重要性,以及无人机灵活、快捷、操作简单的特性,利用无人机并配套相应的测定装置,实现高效、精确、动态的放牧率的测定。目前对放牧率的测定,只是做一个定性的描述,因此我们需要发明一种技术定量、瞬时的测定草原的放牧率
发明内容
本发明提供了一种利用无人机测定牧场内放牧率的方法,利用无人机并配套相应的测定装置,实现高效、精确、动态的放牧率的测定。
为了解决以上技术问题,本发明采取的技术方案是:
一种利用无人机测定牧场内放牧率的方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:用无人机载着GPS装置沿着牧场的围栏边缘飞行,确定草原的面积S。
S2:无人机在牧场内每间隔50m飞行拍照,根据草场面积进行打点,飞行高度100m,飞行拍摄面积为100m*100m,总共飞了r次,对这r次的拍摄照片用软件进行拼接校正,以确定牧场内家畜的数量、体尺和频度,测算家畜单位,从而确定牧场的平均放牧率:
注:S表示草原面积,L确定的家畜单位。
步骤3:对牧场内任意时刻、任意区域放牧率的测定,假设从a时刻开始,b时刻结束,确定家畜的数量Y、体尺和频度,从而确定家畜的单位,此时该区域的瞬时放牧率为:
其中Y为家畜的数量,S为所确定的草原面积。a为a时刻,b为b时刻。
步骤4:对牧场内任意时刻、任意区域放牧率的测定,一天中从放牧开始,直至放牧结束,每隔1h无人机在100m高空拍照。观察3天,总共观察n次,确定家畜的数量Y、体尺和频度,从而确定家畜的平均数量,该区域平均放牧率为:
其中Y为家畜的数量,S为所确定的面积。
与现有的技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:上述方案中确定放牧率,为草地的合理利用提供科学有效地方法,同时,也为制定合理的草地适应性管理策略提供理论依据,这对于促进草地畜牧业的可持续发展,实现草地的生态系统服务功能价值有着一定的指导意义。
具体地:
1、能够确定较为准确的草原面积,提供一种简便的计算放牧率的方法。
2、无人机灵活,操作简单,能够高效精确对放牧进行动态监测。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
实施案例1
在祁连山北坡高寒草甸冬季牧场进行放牧,冬季牧场地形开阔平缓,面积约为160hm2。草地类型为寒温微干山地草原类,甘肃马鹿每年的11月下旬-翌年2月进行放牧,冬季牧场内的主要物种有紫花针茅、扁穗冰草、波乏早熟禾、甘肃苔草、矮嵩草、短花针茅。计算冬季牧场距离牧场300-600m区域的放牧率。
一种利用无人机测定牧场内放牧率的方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:用无人机载着GPS装置沿着牧场的围栏边缘飞行,确定草原的面积400m*400m=160hm2。
S2:无人机在牧场内每间隔50m飞行拍照,根据草场面积进行打点,飞行高度100m,飞行拍摄面积为100m*100m,总共飞了81次,对这81次的拍摄照片用软件进行拼接校正,以确定牧场内家畜的数量、体尺和频度,测算家畜单位,从而确定牧场的平均放牧率:
SR=L/S=260/160=1.625AUMhm-2
注:S表示草原面积,L确定的家畜单位。
步骤3:对距牧场入口100m设为中心,观察100m*100m的放牧率,观察5次,确定家畜的数量、体尺和频度,从而确定家畜的单位,5次的瞬时的家畜单位为25、20、35、25、30。此时该区域的瞬时放牧率为:
步骤4:对牧场内任意时刻、任意区域放牧率的测定,一天中从7点放牧开始,直至19点放牧结束,每隔1h无人机在100m高空拍照。观察3天,总共观察36次,确定家畜的数量、体尺和频度,从而确定家畜的平均数量为66、102、110、60、44、66、50、63、72、62、51、72、58、48,该区域平均放牧率为
其中:家畜的体尺包括家畜的长度、宽度、深度角度和围度等重要的体尺测量;.家畜的频度即家畜在这一区域内出现的次数;家畜单位是确定家畜平均的个数,由于每个家畜的大小不一,我们要统一成一致的家畜的单位;要求该牧场一段时间内的平均放牧率步骤是S1.S2.S4,而S3只是在某一时刻的放牧率。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (1)
1.一种利用无人机测定牧场内放牧率的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1:用无人机载着GPS装置沿着牧场的围栏边缘飞行,确定草原的面积S;
S2:无人机在牧场内每间隔50m飞行拍照,根据草场面积进行打点,飞行高度100m,飞行拍摄面积为100m*100m,总共飞了r次,对这r次的拍摄照片用软件进行拼接校正,以确定牧场内家畜的数量、体尺和频度,测算家畜单位,从而确定牧场的平均放牧率:
<mrow>
<mi>S</mi>
<mi>R</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mi>L</mi>
<mi>S</mi>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
注:S表示草原面积,L确定的家畜单位;
步骤3:对牧场内任意时刻、任意区域放牧率的测定,假设从a时刻开始,b时刻结束,确定家畜的数量Y、体尺和频度,从而确定家畜的单位,此时该区域的瞬时放牧率为:
其中Y为家畜的数量,S为所确定的草原面积,a为a时刻,b为b时刻;
步骤4:对牧场内任意时刻、任意区域放牧率的测定,一天中从放牧开始,直至放牧结束,每隔1h无人机在100m高空拍照,观察3天,总共观察n次,确定家畜的数量Y、体尺和频度,从而确定家畜的平均数量,该区域平均放牧率为:
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>SR</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msubsup>
<mo>&Sigma;</mo>
<mrow>
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mi>n</mi>
</msubsup>
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>L</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>S</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mi>n</mi>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
其中Y为家畜的数量,S为所确定的面积。
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Cited By (3)
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CN108876017A (zh) * | 2018-05-30 | 2018-11-23 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | 家畜放牧率空间格局分析方法 |
US11010608B2 (en) | 2018-05-25 | 2021-05-18 | Bayer Cropscience Lp | System and method for vegetation management risk assessment and resolution |
WO2022007117A1 (zh) * | 2020-07-06 | 2022-01-13 | 周爱丽 | 牲畜分布密度实时测量平台及方法 |
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CN205196634U (zh) * | 2015-11-18 | 2016-05-04 | 谭圆圆 | 基于无人飞行器的放牧装置 |
CN106780082A (zh) * | 2016-12-07 | 2017-05-31 | 兰州大学 | 放牧率测算方法和装置 |
CN107194876A (zh) * | 2017-06-13 | 2017-09-22 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | 一种基于无人机航拍的大型野生动物种群数量调查方法 |
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CN205196634U (zh) * | 2015-11-18 | 2016-05-04 | 谭圆圆 | 基于无人飞行器的放牧装置 |
CN106780082A (zh) * | 2016-12-07 | 2017-05-31 | 兰州大学 | 放牧率测算方法和装置 |
CN107194876A (zh) * | 2017-06-13 | 2017-09-22 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | 一种基于无人机航拍的大型野生动物种群数量调查方法 |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US11010608B2 (en) | 2018-05-25 | 2021-05-18 | Bayer Cropscience Lp | System and method for vegetation management risk assessment and resolution |
CN108876017A (zh) * | 2018-05-30 | 2018-11-23 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | 家畜放牧率空间格局分析方法 |
WO2022007117A1 (zh) * | 2020-07-06 | 2022-01-13 | 周爱丽 | 牲畜分布密度实时测量平台及方法 |
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