CN107816348A - A kind of method and apparatus for identifying gas-bearing formation using compressional wave and Stoneley wave - Google Patents
A kind of method and apparatus for identifying gas-bearing formation using compressional wave and Stoneley wave Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
- E21B47/14—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling using acoustic waves
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method and apparatus for identifying gas-bearing formation using compressional wave and Stoneley wave, this method includes：S1：Compressional wave waveform and Stoneley wave after being filtered, and the Mintrop wave arrival time curve of the Mintrop wave arrival time curve of compressional wave and Stoneley wave；S2：Fourier transformation is carried out to compressional wave and Stoneley wave respectively；S3：Obtain the amplitude of compressional wave and Stoneley wave in preset time window length；S4：The amplitude of compressional wave is converted into shear wave energy, and the amplitude of Stoneley wave is converted into Stoneley wave energy；S5：According to shear wave energy and Stoneley wave energy, the identification curve of gas-bearing formation is obtained.The present invention calculates formation gas concentration indicative curve using the shear wave energy and Stoneley wave energy of array acoustic, natural gas is exaggerated to attenuation of P-wave and the response characteristic of Stoneley wave decay, eliminate some gas-bearing formations and there was only attenuation of P-wave response or the only influence of Stoneley wave convergent response, sensitivity can be effectively improved, judges the location of gas-bearing formation exactly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geophysical logging, in particular to a method and a device for identifying a gas reservoir by utilizing longitudinal waves and Stoneley waves.
Background
In the stratums such as dolomite, limestone and the like, due to the reason that the resistivity of a rock framework is high, the background value of a conventional resistivity curve obtained by logging is high, and at the moment, if the stratum contains natural gas, the conventional resistivity curve is difficult to reflect the content change condition of the natural gas; in addition, due to the fact that dolomite and limestone reservoirs generally have the phenomenon of complex pore structures, the neutron logging excavation effect and the acoustic logging curve cycle skip phenomenon in the gas-bearing stratum are not obvious, and conventional logging identification of a high-resistance gas layer is difficult.
In the prior art, the gas layer is qualitatively identified by using the method because the longitudinal wave amplitude and the Stoneley wave amplitude of the array acoustic logging in the stratum containing natural gas can be attenuated. However, the natural gas layer may have complex phenomena such as simultaneous attenuation, separate attenuation, and different attenuation of longitudinal waves and stoneley waves, so that the sensitivity of the existing method is low, and the gas layer may be leaked.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a method and a device for identifying a gas layer by utilizing longitudinal waves and Stoneley waves.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for identifying a gas layer by using longitudinal waves and stoneley waves, where the method includes: s1: obtaining a longitudinal wave waveform and a Stoneley wave waveform after filtering, a head wave arrival time curve of the longitudinal wave and a head wave arrival time curve of the Stoneley wave according to array acoustic logging data in a region to be evaluated;
s2: fourier transformation is respectively carried out on the longitudinal wave and the Stoneley wave, and amplitude functions in corresponding frequency domains of the longitudinal wave and the Stoneley wave are obtained;
s3: obtaining the amplitude of the longitudinal wave within the preset time window length according to the amplitude function of the longitudinal wave and the head wave arrival time curve of the longitudinal wave, and obtaining the amplitude of the Stoneley wave within the preset time window length according to the amplitude function of the Stoneley wave and the head wave arrival time curve of the Stoneley wave;
s4: converting the amplitude of the longitudinal wave into longitudinal wave energy and converting the amplitude of the stoneley wave into stoneley wave energy;
s5: and obtaining an identification curve of the gas layer according to the longitudinal wave energy and the Stoneley wave energy.
Preferably, the specific process of step S2 includes: respectively carrying out Fourier transform on the filtered longitudinal wave and the filtered Stoneley wave by using a first formula, wherein the first formula is as follows:
wherein F (ω) is a frequency domain function; f (t) is a waveform function in the time domain; t is the time within the preset time window length; omega is the frequency corresponding to t; i is the unit of imaginary number.
Preferably, the specific process of step S4 includes: and respectively performing energy conversion on the amplitude of the longitudinal wave and the amplitude of the Stoneley wave by using a second formula, wherein the second formula is as follows:
wherein E is the energy of the wave; k is a constant; Δ t is a preset time window length; a. The i The amplitude of the wave in the mth cycle in the time period of the arrival time of the head wave plus Δ t, m =1,2, \ 8230; \8230, n.
Preferably, the specific process of step S5 includes: and obtaining an identification curve of the gas layer by using a third formula, wherein the third formula is as follows:
GI＝n(E C -E ST )
wherein, the identification curve of the GI gas layer; n is a preset coefficient; e C Is longitudinal wave energy; e ST Is stoneley wave energy.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus for identifying a gas layer using longitudinal waves and stoneley waves, the apparatus including: the first acquisition module is used for acquiring a filtered longitudinal wave waveform and a filtered Stoneley wave waveform, and a head wave arrival time curve of a longitudinal wave and a head wave arrival time curve of the Stoneley wave according to the array acoustic logging data in the region to be evaluated;
the second acquisition module is used for respectively carrying out Fourier transform on the longitudinal wave and the Stoneley wave to obtain amplitude functions in corresponding frequency domains of the longitudinal wave and the Stoneley wave;
the third acquisition module is used for acquiring the amplitude of the longitudinal wave within the preset time window length according to the amplitude function of the longitudinal wave and the first wave arrival time curve of the longitudinal wave, and acquiring the amplitude of the Stoneley wave within the preset time window length according to the amplitude function of the Stoneley wave and the first wave arrival time curve of the Stoneley wave;
the fourth acquisition module is used for converting the amplitude of the longitudinal wave into longitudinal wave energy and converting the amplitude of the Stoneley wave into Stoneley wave energy;
and the fifth acquisition module is used for acquiring an identification curve of the gas layer according to the longitudinal wave energy and the Stoneley wave energy.
Preferably, the second obtaining module is specifically configured to perform fourier transform on the filtered longitudinal wave and the filtered stoneley wave respectively by using a first formula, where the first formula is:
wherein F (ω) is a frequency domain function; f (t) is a waveform function in the time domain; t is the time within the preset time window length; omega is the frequency corresponding to t; i is the unit of imaginary number.
Preferably, the fourth obtaining module is specifically configured to perform energy conversion on the amplitude of the longitudinal wave and the amplitude of the stoneley wave respectively by using a second formula, where the second formula is:
wherein E is the energy of the wave; k is a constant; Δ t is a preset time window length; a _ i is the amplitude of the wave in the mth cycle in the time period of the arrival time of the head wave plus Δ t, m =1,2, \8230; \8230, n.
Preferably, the fifth obtaining module is specifically configured to obtain the identification curve of the gas layer by using a formula three, where the formula three is:
GI＝n(E C -E ST )
wherein, the identification curve of the GI gas layer; n is a preset coefficient; e C Is longitudinal wave energy; e ST Is stoneley wave energy.
Compared with the prior art, the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
1) The problem of gas reservoir identification of natural gas reservoirs with high resistivity such as dolomite, limestone and the like is effectively solved, the position of the gas reservoir in the stratum can be effectively judged, and the relative size of the gas content of the gas reservoir can be effectively judged;
2) The problem of air layer leakage caused by directly utilizing longitudinal wave attenuation and Stoneley wave attenuation to identify the air layer is effectively solved;
3) The position of the high gas barrier layer is accurately judged, the number of gas testing operation times can be reduced, the gas production benefit is improved, and manpower and material resources are reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for identifying a gas layer using compressional and Stoneley waves according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a filtered longitudinal waveform and its bow-wave arrival time curve, a Stoneley waveform and its bow-wave arrival time curve, according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the amplitudes of the longitudinal waves and stoneley waves and the identification curve of the gas layer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer and more complete, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention, and based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for identifying a gas layer using longitudinal waves and stoneley waves, which may include the steps of:
the first step is as follows: and carrying out speed analysis on the array acoustic data to obtain a longitudinal wave waveform and a Stoneley wave waveform after filtering, and a head wave arrival time curve of the longitudinal wave and a head wave arrival time curve of the Stoneley wave.
In this step, generally, the longitudinal wave has a frequency in the high frequency range of 4000 to 15000Hz, the Stoneley wave in the low frequency range of 1000 to 4000Hz. Since the frequency ranges of the longitudinal wave and the stoneley wave are different, and besides, the speeds of the longitudinal wave and the stoneley wave are different, the filtered longitudinal wave FiltWaveC and the filtered stoneley wave FiltWaveST can be extracted, and meanwhile, the head wave arrival time curve TTC of the longitudinal wave and the head wave arrival time curve TTST of the stoneley wave can be obtained, please refer to fig. 2. The first wave arrival time is the time at which the corresponding acoustic wave is first received by the acoustic instrument receiver. The first wave arrival time of the longitudinal wave is the time when the acoustic wave instrument receiver receives the longitudinal wave for the first time, and the first wave arrival time of the Stoneley wave is the time when the acoustic wave instrument receiver receives the Stoneley wave for the first time.
The second step: carrying out Fourier transformation on the filtered longitudinal waves, and calculating the amplitude of the longitudinal waves in a preset time window length according to a first wave arrival time curve of the longitudinal waves and the preset time window length;
and performing Fourier transform on the filtered Stoneley wave, and calculating the amplitude of the Stoneley wave within a preset time window length according to a head wave arrival time curve of the Stoneley wave and the preset time window length.
In this step, the formula is usedFourier transform is carried out on the longitudinal wave and the Stoneley wave, and F (omega) is a frequency domain function in the formula; f (t) is a waveform function in the time domain; t is the time within the preset time window length; omega is the frequency corresponding to t; i is the unit of imaginary number. The formula converts the waveform function in the time domain into the amplitude function in the frequency domain, so that the longitudinal wave and the stoneley wave respectively preset time window lengths, and the amplitude AmpC of the longitudinal wave in the frequency domain in the preset time window length and the amplitude AmpST of the stoneley wave in the frequency domain in the preset time window length can be obtained according to the arrival time curves of the respective head waves, please refer to fig. 3. Because the frequency ranges of the longitudinal waves and the stoneley waves are different, and the speeds of the longitudinal waves and the stoneley waves are different, the preset time windows of the longitudinal waves and the stoneley waves are different, for example, the preset time window of the longitudinal waves is 300us, and the preset time window of the stoneley waves is 800us, and the longitudinal waves and the stoneley waves can be adjusted according to actual conditions.
The third step: and performing energy conversion on the amplitude of the longitudinal wave to obtain the longitudinal wave energy of the longitudinal wave within a preset time window length, and performing energy conversion on the amplitude of the Stoneley wave to obtain the Stoneley wave energy of the Stoneley wave within the preset time window length.
In this step, an energy conversion formula is utilizedPerforming energy conversion, wherein E is the energy of the wave in the formula; k is a constant; Δ t is a preset time window length; a. The m The amplitude of the wave in the mth cycle in the time period of the arrival time of the head wave plus Δ t, m =1,2, \ 8230; \8230, n. K is set as a constant according to actual conditions. To ensure the accuracy, the preset time window Δ t is not too short, and generally includes at least two cycles. After K and delta t are determined, the amplitude of the longitudinal wave and the amplitude of the Stoneley wave calculated in the second step are respectively substituted into an energy conversion formula, and the energy E of the longitudinal wave can be calculated C And Stoneley wave energy E ST 。
The fourth step: and obtaining an identification curve of the gas layer according to the longitudinal wave energy and the Stoneley wave energy.
In this step, the formula GI = n (E) is used C -E ST ) Obtaining an identification curve of a gas layer, wherein the identification curve of the GI gas layer in the formula is shown in the specification; n is a preset coefficient; e C Is longitudinal wave energy; e ST Is stoneley wave energy. n is an artificial preset coefficient, and is obtained by fitting a large amount of experimental data, the coefficients of wells in different areas are different, and the value range is generally 1-5. The finally obtained identification curve is also a gas reservoir gas content indicating curve, namely the relative content of natural gas in a gas reservoir at a certain depth can be indicated. Referring to fig. 3, the larger the value of the identification curve represents the higher the relative content of the natural gas at the depth, such as three points a, B, and C marked in fig. 3, the relative content a of the natural gas>B>C。
In the embodiment, the position of the gas-bearing stratum is judged by combining different responses shown by the longitudinal wave and the Stoneley wave when the gas-bearing stratum is encountered. When the longitudinal wave and the stoneley wave meet the stratum with rich gas content, the amplitude and the energy are simultaneously attenuated, and when the longitudinal wave and the stoneley wave meet the stratum with poor gas content, only one of the longitudinal wave and the stoneley wave may be attenuated. According to the characteristics of the longitudinal wave and the Stoneley wave, the gas-containing indication curve can be obtained by combining the energy curves of the longitudinal wave and the Stoneley wave, so that the position of the gas-containing reservoir in the stratum is judged, the relative size of the gas content of the gas-containing reservoir is judged, the response characteristics of natural gas to the longitudinal wave attenuation and the Stoneley wave attenuation are amplified, the influence of only longitudinal wave attenuation response or only Stoneley wave attenuation response of certain gas layers is eliminated, and the position of the gas-containing reservoir and the relative height of the gas content are accurately judged.
The embodiment of the invention provides a device for identifying a gas layer by utilizing longitudinal waves and Stoneley waves, which comprises:
the first acquisition module is used for acquiring a filtered longitudinal wave waveform and a filtered Stoneley wave waveform, and a head wave arrival time curve of a longitudinal wave and a head wave arrival time curve of the Stoneley wave according to the array acoustic logging data in the region to be evaluated;
the second acquisition module is used for respectively carrying out Fourier transform on the longitudinal wave and the Stoneley wave to obtain amplitude functions in corresponding frequency domains of the longitudinal wave and the Stoneley wave;
the third acquisition module is used for acquiring the amplitude of the longitudinal wave within the preset time window length according to the amplitude function of the longitudinal wave and the first wave arrival time curve of the longitudinal wave, and acquiring the amplitude of the Stoneley wave within the preset time window length according to the amplitude function of the Stoneley wave and the first wave arrival time curve of the Stoneley wave;
the fourth acquisition module is used for converting the amplitude of the longitudinal wave into longitudinal wave energy and converting the amplitude of the Stoneley wave into Stoneley wave energy;
and the fifth acquisition module is used for acquiring an identification curve of the gas layer according to the longitudinal wave energy and the Stoneley wave energy.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the second obtaining module is specifically configured to perform fourier transform on the filtered longitudinal wave and the filtered stoneley wave respectively by using a first formula, where the first formula is:
wherein F (ω) is a frequency domain function; f (t) is a waveform function in the time domain; t is the time within the preset time window length; omega is the frequency corresponding to t; i is the unit of imaginary number.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the fourth obtaining module is specifically configured to perform energy conversion on the amplitude of the longitudinal wave and the amplitude of the stoneley wave by using a second formula, where the second formula is:
wherein E is the energy of the wave; k is a constant; delta t is a preset time window length; a. The m The amplitude of the wave in the mth cycle in the time period of the arrival time of the head wave plus Δ t, m =1,2, \ 8230; \8230, n.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the fifth obtaining module is specifically configured to obtain the identification curve of the gas layer by using a formula three, where the formula three is:
GI＝n(E C -E ST )
wherein, the identification curve of the GI gas layer; n is a preset coefficient; EC is longitudinal wave energy; EST is Stoneley wave energy.
Because the content of information interaction, execution process, and the like among the modules in the device is based on the same concept as the method embodiment of the present invention, specific content can be referred to the description in the method embodiment of the present invention, and is not described herein again.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a" does not exclude the presence of other similar elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: all or part of the steps of implementing the method embodiments may be implemented by hardware related to program instructions, and the program may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, executes the steps including the method embodiments; and the aforementioned storage medium includes: various media that can store program codes, such as ROM, RAM, magnetic or optical disks.
Finally, it is to be noted that: the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for identifying a gas layer using longitudinal waves and stoneley waves, the method comprising:
s1: obtaining a longitudinal wave waveform and a Stoneley wave waveform after filtering, a head wave arrival time curve of the longitudinal wave and a head wave arrival time curve of the Stoneley wave according to array acoustic logging data in a region to be evaluated;
s2: fourier transformation is respectively carried out on the longitudinal wave and the Stoneley wave, and amplitude functions in corresponding frequency domains of the longitudinal wave and the Stoneley wave are obtained;
s3: obtaining the amplitude of the longitudinal wave in the preset time window length according to the amplitude function of the longitudinal wave and the first wave arrival time curve of the longitudinal wave, and obtaining the amplitude of the Stoneley wave in the preset time window length according to the amplitude function of the Stoneley wave and the first wave arrival time curve of the Stoneley wave;
s4: converting the amplitude of the longitudinal wave into longitudinal wave energy and converting the amplitude of the stoneley wave into stoneley wave energy;
s5: and obtaining an identification curve of the gas layer according to the longitudinal wave energy and the Stoneley wave energy.
2. The method for identifying the gas layer by using the longitudinal wave and the stoneley wave as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific process of step S2 comprises: respectively carrying out Fourier transform on the filtered longitudinal wave and the filtered Stoneley wave by using a first formula, wherein the first formula is as follows:
wherein F (ω) is a frequency domain function; f (t) is a waveform function in the time domain; t is the time within the preset time window length; omega is the frequency corresponding to t; i is the unit of imaginary number.
3. The method for identifying the gas layer by using the longitudinal wave and the stoneley wave according to claim 2, wherein the specific process of step S4 comprises: and respectively performing energy conversion on the amplitude of the longitudinal wave and the amplitude of the Stoneley wave by using a second formula, wherein the second formula is as follows:
wherein E is the energy of the wave; k is a constant; Δ t is a preset time window length; a. The m M =1,2, \ 8230; \8230;, n is the amplitude of the wave in the mth cycle in the time period of the arrival time of the head wave plus Δ t.
4. The method for identifying the gas layer by using the longitudinal wave and the stoneley wave according to claim 3, wherein the specific process of the step S5 comprises the following steps: and obtaining an identification curve of the gas layer by using a third formula, wherein the third formula is as follows:
GI＝n(E C -E ST )
wherein, the identification curve of the GI gas layer; n is a preset coefficient; e C Is longitudinal wave energy; e ST Is stoneley wave energy.
5. An apparatus for identifying a gas layer using longitudinal waves and stoneley waves, the apparatus comprising:
the first acquisition module is used for acquiring a filtered longitudinal wave waveform and a filtered Stoneley wave waveform, as well as a head wave arrival time curve of a longitudinal wave and a head wave arrival time curve of a Stoneley wave according to array acoustic logging data in an area to be evaluated;
the second acquisition module is used for respectively carrying out Fourier transform on the longitudinal wave and the Stoneley wave to obtain amplitude functions in corresponding frequency domains of the longitudinal wave and the Stoneley wave;
the third acquisition module is used for acquiring the amplitude of the longitudinal wave within the preset time window length according to the amplitude function of the longitudinal wave and the first wave arrival time curve of the longitudinal wave, and acquiring the amplitude of the Stoneley wave within the preset time window length according to the amplitude function of the Stoneley wave and the first wave arrival time curve of the Stoneley wave;
the fourth acquisition module is used for converting the amplitude of the longitudinal wave into longitudinal wave energy and converting the amplitude of the Stoneley wave into Stoneley wave energy;
and the fifth acquisition module is used for acquiring an identification curve of the gas layer according to the longitudinal wave energy and the Stoneley wave energy.
6. The apparatus for identifying a gas layer using longitudinal waves and stoneley waves according to claim 5, wherein the second obtaining module is specifically configured to perform a Fourier transform on the filtered longitudinal waves and stoneley waves using a first formula, wherein the first formula is:
wherein F (ω) is a frequency domain function; f (t) is a waveform function in the time domain; t is the time within the preset time window length; omega is the frequency corresponding to t; i is the unit of imaginary number.
7. The apparatus for identifying a gas layer by using longitudinal waves and stoneley waves according to claim 6, wherein the fourth obtaining module is specifically configured to perform energy conversion on the amplitudes of the longitudinal waves and the stoneley waves by using a formula two, wherein the formula two is as follows:
wherein E is the energy of the wave; k is a constant; Δ t is a preset time window length; a. The m The amplitude of the wave in the mth cycle in the time period of the arrival time of the head wave plus Δ t, m =1,2, \ 8230; \8230, n.
8. The apparatus for identifying a gas layer using compressional and Stoneley waves as claimed in claim 7, wherein the fifth obtaining module is specifically configured to obtain the identification curve of the gas layer using formula three, wherein formula three is:
GI＝n(E C -E ST )
wherein, the identification curve of the GI gas layer; n is a preset coefficient; e C Is longitudinal wave energy; e ST Is stoneley wave energy.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN112014878A (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2020-12-01 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | Gas-water layer identification method |
| CN113672840A (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2021-11-19 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Stoneley wave attenuation extraction method and device |
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| CN113672840B (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2023-10-31 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Stoneley wave attenuation extraction method and stoneley wave attenuation extraction device |
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