CN107814568B - Rare earth doped sodium bismuth titanate perovskite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Rare earth doped sodium bismuth titanate perovskite material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN107814568B
CN107814568B CN201711034803.9A CN201711034803A CN107814568B CN 107814568 B CN107814568 B CN 107814568B CN 201711034803 A CN201711034803 A CN 201711034803A CN 107814568 B CN107814568 B CN 107814568B
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rare earth
earth doped
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CN107814568A (en
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纪红芬
蔡长龙
刘卫国
庞利霞
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Xian Technological University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a rare earth doped sodium bismuth titanate perovskite material and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of inorganic materials, wherein the chemical general formula of the rare earth doped sodium bismuth titanate perovskite material is Bi0.5‑x‑yMxYbyNa0.5TiO3M is rare earth element ions, x is more than or equal to 0.001 and less than or equal to 0.2, y is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.3, compared with the synthesis temperature of the prior art, the rare earth doped sodium bismuth titanate nano powder prepared by the sol-gel self-propagating combustion method is remarkably reduced, and can be synthesized at the low temperature of 200-300 ℃; the final sintering temperature of the ceramic block material prepared by the obtained nano powder is also obviously reduced, the ceramic block material is synthesized at a lower temperature of 800-1000 ℃, and the ceramic block material has a well-crystallized perovskite phase structure, can realize up-conversion luminescence under the excitation of infrared light, has improved dielectric property, ferroelectric property and piezoelectric property compared with the prior art, and is lead-free, environment-friendly and pollution-free.

Description

Rare earth doped sodium bismuth titanate perovskite material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of inorganic materials, in particular to a rare earth doped sodium bismuth titanate perovskite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the progress and development of science and technology, the development of novel multifunctional miniaturized devices by combining the electrical, optical and magnetic properties of materials has become the trend of the development of materials and devices at present. Therefore, the research of the novel ferroelectric piezoelectric material with controllable multi-dimension by taking the multifunctional ferroelectric perovskite oxide material as the matrix and integrating electromechanics, mechanical light and photoelectricity is developed, and the research has important fundamental significance and application value.
At present, lead-containing materials are generally used in the preparation process of electrical, optical and magnetic composite materials, but the research on the lead-free materials, which causes harm to the environment and human health in the preparation, use and waste treatment processes, is gradually becoming the main research and development direction in the material field.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a rare earth doped sodium bismuth titanate up-conversion luminescent material and a preparation method thereof, which can effectively reduce the sintering temperature of nano powder and ceramics and reduce the volatilization of sodium and bismuth elements, and the dielectric, ferroelectric, piezoelectric and luminescent properties of the prepared rare earth doped sodium bismuth titanate nano powder and ceramics are obviously improved.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
on one hand, the invention discloses a rare earth doped sodium bismuth titanate perovskite material, and the chemical general formula of the material is Bi0.5-x-yMxYbyNa0.5TiO3M is rare earth element ions, x is greater than or equal to 0.001 and less than or equal to 0.2, and y is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.3.
Optionally, M is selected from rare earth element ions Er3+、Eu3+、Sm3+And Pr3+Any one of them.
On the other hand, the invention discloses a preparation method of a rare earth doped sodium bismuth titanate perovskite material, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, weighing: anhydrous sodium acetate, bismuth nitrate pentahydrate, ytterbium nitrate, tetra-n-butyl titanate and nitrate of M or acetate of M, wherein the molar ratio of the anhydrous sodium acetate, the bismuth nitrate pentahydrate, the ytterbium nitrate, the tetra-n-butyl titanate and the nitrate of M or the acetate of M is 0.5: (0.5-x-y): y: 1: x;
step S2, adding the bismuth nitrate pentahydrate and the nitrate of M or the acetate of M weighed in the step S1 into ethylene glycol monomethyl ether solution to form first mixed solution;
step S3, adding the anhydrous sodium acetate weighed in the step S1 into an ethylene glycol monomethyl ether solution, and simultaneously adding glacial acetic acid with the mass ratio of the anhydrous sodium acetate being 1 (3-5) to form a second mixed solution;
step S4, adding the tetra-n-butyl titanate weighed in the step S1 into ethylene glycol monomethyl ether solution, and simultaneously adding a chelating agent acetylacetone with the molar ratio of the tetra-n-butyl titanate being 2:1 to form a third mixed solution;
step S5, the first mixed solution and the second mixed solution are sequentially added into the third mixed solution drop by drop, stirred at room temperature, then the mixed solution is heated to 80-100 ℃ and stirred, and then cooled to room temperature, so as to obtain clear rare earth element doped sodium bismuth titanate precursor sol;
step S6, putting the obtained clear rare earth doped sodium bismuth titanate precursor sol into an oven, and drying at 80-100 ℃ to obtain xerogel; and putting the dried gel into a muffle furnace, and carrying out heat treatment at 200-300 ℃ for 1-2 hours to generate self-propagating combustion reaction to obtain the rare earth doped bismuth sodium titanate perovskite nano powder.
Optionally, step S6 is followed by: and (4) granulating, tabletting and removing the adhesive of the rare earth doped sodium bismuth titanate perovskite nano powder prepared in the step (S6) through the traditional ceramics, and sintering at 800-1000 ℃ to obtain the rare earth doped sodium bismuth titanate perovskite ceramic block.
Optionally, a PVA solution with the mass fraction of 4-6% is added into the rare earth doped sodium bismuth titanate perovskite nano powder during granulation.
Optionally, the viscosity removing temperature is 500-580 ℃ for 2 hours, and the sintering time is 2 hours.
Optionally, in step S2, bismuth nitrate pentahydrate, the nitrate or acetate of M, and the ethylene glycol monomethyl ether solution are stirred at room temperature for 0.5 to 1 hour to obtain a first mixed solution.
Optionally, in step S3, stirring anhydrous sodium acetate, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether solution and glacial acetic acid at room temperature for 10 minutes, then gradually heating to 60-80 ℃, preserving heat for 0.5-1 hour, and then naturally cooling to room temperature to form a second mixed solution.
Optionally, in step S4, the tetra-n-butyl titanate solution, the ethylene glycol monomethyl ether solution, and the chelating agent acetylacetone are stirred at room temperature for 0.5 to 1 hour to form a third mixed solution.
Optionally, in step S5, when the first mixed solution and the second mixed solution are dropped into the third mixed solution, the excess of bismuth nitrate pentahydrate in the first mixed solution is 0.5-5 mol%, and the excess of sodium acetate in the anhydrous sodium acetate solution in the second mixed solution is 0.5-15 mol%, during mixing, stirring the mixed solution at room temperature for 30 minutes, then stirring the mixed solution at 80-100 ℃ for 1-2 hours, and then cooling the mixed solution to room temperature.
Optionally, in step S5, the obtained clear rare earth doped sodium bismuth titanate precursor sol is placed in an oven, and the drying time is 4-8 hours at 80-100 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention discloses a rare earth doped sodium bismuth titanate perovskite material with a chemical general formula of Bi0.5-x- yMxYbyNa0.5TiO3M is selected from any one of rare earth element ions, x is greater than or equal to 0.001 and less than or equal to 0.2, y is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.3, and can realize up-conversion luminescence under the excitation of infrared light.
Compared with the prior art, the preparation method of the rare earth doped sodium bismuth titanate perovskite material has the advantages that the synthesis temperature is obviously reduced, and the rare earth doped sodium bismuth titanate nano powder prepared by the sol-gel self-propagating combustion method can be synthesized at the low temperature of 200-300 ℃; the final sintering temperature of the ceramic block material prepared by the obtained nano powder is also obviously reduced, the ceramic block material is synthesized at a lower temperature of 800-1000 ℃, and the ceramic block material has a well-crystallized perovskite phase structure, can realize up-conversion luminescence under the excitation of infrared light, has improved dielectric property, ferroelectric property and piezoelectric property compared with the prior art, and is lead-free, environment-friendly and pollution-free.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows Bi provided in an embodiment of the present invention0.495Er0.005Na0.5TiO3FESEM topography of the nano powder;
FIG. 2 shows Bi according to an embodiment of the present invention0.495Er0.005Na0.5TiO3XRD pattern of nano powder;
figure 3 is the bookBi provided by the embodiment of the invention0.495Er0.005Na0.5TiO3XRD pattern of ceramic bulk;
FIG. 4 shows Bi provided in an embodiment of the present invention0.295Er0.005Yb0.2Na0.5TiO3XRD pattern of ceramic bulk.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the invention.
Example 1
A rare earth doped sodium bismuth titanate perovskite material has a chemical general formula of Bi0.5-x- yMxYbyNa0.5TiO3M is selected from rare earth element ion Er3+、Eu3+、Sm3+Or Pr3+Wherein x is more than or equal to 0.001 and less than or equal to 0.2, and y is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.3.
Exemplary, as shown in FIG. 1, a Bi0.495Er0.005Na0.5TiO3The particle size of the nano powder particles is about 50nm, the distribution is uniform, the appearance is consistent, and Bi is shown in figure 20.495Er0.005Na0.5TiO3The nano powder presents a single perovskite structure.
Example 2:
preparation of Bi0.5-xErxNa0.5TiO3Nano powder and ceramic block, wherein x is 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2.
Selecting bismuth nitrate pentahydrate, anhydrous sodium acetate, erbium nitrate and tetrabutyl titanate as main raw materials, and preparing Bi according to a formula0.5- xErxNa0.5TiO3Respectively weighing the selected raw materials according to the stoichiometric ratio, wherein the solution concentration is 0.7mol/L, the anhydrous sodium acetate is excessive by 10 percent, the bismuth nitrate pentahydrate is excessive by 2 percent, the weighed bismuth nitrate pentahydrate and erbium nitrate are dissolved in ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and stirring for 1 hour at room temperature for full mixing to form a mixed solution A; dissolving the anhydrous sodium acetate in ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and adding glacial acetic acid 5ml, stirring for 10 minutes at room temperature, then gradually heating to 60 ℃, preserving heat for 1 hour, and then naturally cooling to room temperature to form a mixed solution B; adding the weighed tetra-n-butyl titanate solution into ethylene glycol monomethyl ether solution, simultaneously adding chelating agent acetylacetone with the molar ratio of the tetra-n-butyl titanate being 2:1, and magnetically stirring at room temperature for 30min until the mixture is uniform to form a mixed solution C; dropwise adding the mixed solution A and the mixed solution B into the mixed solution C in sequence, stirring for 30 minutes at room temperature, then stirring the mixed solution for 1 hour at 80 ℃, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain clear Bi0.5-xErxNa0.5TiO3Precursor sol; drying at 100 deg.C for 6 hr to convert precursor sol into xerogel, treating at 300 deg.C for 2 hr to generate sol-gel self-propagating combustion reaction to obtain Bi0.5-xErxNa0.5TiO3Perovskite nano powder. As shown in FIG. 1, Bi prepared in example 2 of the present invention0.495Er0.005Na0.5TiO3The particle size of the nano powder is about 50nm, the distribution is uniform, and the appearance is consistent. As shown in FIG. 2, Bi prepared in example 2 of the present invention0.495Er0.005Na0.5TiO3The nano powder presents a single perovskite structure. Granulating the obtained nanometer powder, adding 5% PVA aqueous solution into the powder, tabletting (diameter of 10 mm), then removing viscosity at 550 ℃ for 2 hours, and sintering at 1000 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain compact micro Bi0.5-xErxNa0.5TiO3A ceramic. As shown in FIG. 3, Bi prepared in example 20.495Er0.005Na0.5TiO3The ceramic bulk material has a strong XRD diffraction peak, which indicates that the crystallization is complete; meanwhile, the diffraction peak presents a single perovskite structure.
Example 3:
preparation of Bi0.495-yEr0.005YbyNa0.5TiO3Nano powder and ceramic block, wherein y is 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3.
Selecting bismuth nitrate pentahydrate, anhydrous sodium acetate, erbium nitrate, ytterbium nitrate and tetrabutyl titanate as main raw materials, and preparing Bi according to a formula0.495-yEr0.005YbyNa0.5TiO3Respectively weighing the selected raw materials according to the stoichiometric ratio, wherein the solution concentration is 0.7mol/L, the anhydrous sodium acetate is excessive by 10 percent, the bismuth nitrate pentahydrate is excessive by 2 percent, the weighed bismuth nitrate pentahydrate, erbium nitrate and ytterbium nitrate are dissolved in ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and the mixture is stirred for 1 hour at room temperature and fully mixed to form a mixed solution A; dissolving the weighed anhydrous sodium acetate in ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, adding 5ml of glacial acetic acid, stirring for 10 minutes at room temperature, gradually heating to 60 ℃, preserving heat for 1 hour, and naturally cooling to room temperature to form a mixed solution B; adding the weighed tetra-n-butyl titanate solution into ethylene glycol monomethyl ether solution, simultaneously adding chelating agent acetylacetone with the molar ratio of the tetra-n-butyl titanate being 2:1, and magnetically stirring at room temperature for 30min until the mixture is uniform to form a mixed solution C; dropwise adding the mixed solution A and the mixed solution B into the mixed solution C in sequence, stirring for 30 minutes at room temperature, then stirring the mixed solution for 1 hour at 80 ℃, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain clear Bi0.495-yEr0.005YbyNa0.5TiO3Precursor sol; drying at 80 ℃ for 4 hours to change precursor sol into xerogel, processing at 200 ℃ for 2 hours to generate sol-gel self-propagating combustion reaction to obtain Bi0.495-yEr0.005YbyNa0.5TiO3Perovskite nano powder. Granulating the obtained nano powder, adding 5% PVA aqueous solution into the powder, tabletting (diameter of 10 mm), then discharging viscosity at 560 ℃ for 2 hours, and sintering at 800 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain compact micro Bi0.495-yEr0.005YbyNa0.5TiO3A ceramic. As shown in FIG. 3, Bi prepared in example 30.295Er0.005Yb0.2Na0.5TiO3The ceramic bulk material has a strong XRD diffraction peak, which indicates that the crystallization is complete; meanwhile, the diffraction peak presents a single perovskite structure.
Example 4:
preparation of Bi0.3-xErxYb0.2Na0.5TiO3Nano powder and ceramic block, wherein x is 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2.
Selecting bismuth nitrate pentahydrate, anhydrous sodium acetate, erbium nitrate,Ytterbium nitrate and tetrabutyl titanate are used as main raw materials, and Bi is added according to the formula0.3-xErxYb0.2Na0.5TiO3Respectively weighing the selected raw materials according to the stoichiometric ratio, wherein the solution concentration is 0.4mol/L, the anhydrous sodium acetate is excessive by 5 percent, the bismuth nitrate pentahydrate is excessive by 2 percent, the weighed bismuth nitrate pentahydrate, erbium nitrate and ytterbium nitrate are dissolved in ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and the mixture is stirred for 1 hour at room temperature and fully mixed to form a mixed solution A; dissolving the weighed anhydrous sodium acetate in ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, adding 5ml of glacial acetic acid, stirring for 10 minutes at room temperature, gradually heating to 60 ℃, preserving heat for 1 hour, and naturally cooling to room temperature to form a mixed solution B; adding the weighed tetra-n-butyl titanate solution into ethylene glycol monomethyl ether solution, simultaneously adding chelating agent acetylacetone with the molar ratio of the tetra-n-butyl titanate being 2:1, and magnetically stirring at room temperature for 30min until the mixture is uniform to form a mixed solution C; dropwise adding the mixed solution A and the mixed solution B into the mixed solution C in sequence, stirring for 30 minutes at room temperature, then stirring the mixed solution for 1 hour at 80 ℃, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain clear Bi0.3-xErxYb0.2Na0.5TiO3Precursor sol; drying for 4 hours at 80 ℃ to change precursor sol into xerogel, processing for 2 hours at 250 ℃ to generate sol-gel self-propagating combustion reaction to obtain Bi0.3- xErxYb0.2Na0.5TiO3Perovskite nano powder. Granulating the obtained nano powder, adding 5% PVA aqueous solution into the powder, tabletting (10 mm), then discharging viscosity at 550 ℃ for 2 hours, and sintering at 900 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain compact micro Bi0.3-xErxYb0.2Na0.5TiO3A ceramic.
Example 5:
preparation of Bi0.3-xPrxYb0.2Na0.5TiO3Nano powder and ceramic block, wherein x is 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2.
Selecting bismuth nitrate pentahydrate, anhydrous sodium acetate, erbium nitrate, ytterbium nitrate and tetrabutyl titanate as main raw materials, and preparing Bi according to a formula0.3-xPrxYb0.2Na0.5TiO3Respectively weighing the selected raw materials according to the stoichiometric ratio, wherein the solution concentration is 0.5mol/L, the anhydrous sodium acetate is excessive by 15 percent, the bismuth nitrate pentahydrate is excessive by 2 percent, the weighed bismuth nitrate pentahydrate, erbium nitrate and ytterbium nitrate are dissolved in ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and the mixture is stirred for 1 hour at room temperature and fully mixed to form a mixed solution A; dissolving the weighed anhydrous sodium acetate in ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, adding 5ml of glacial acetic acid, stirring for 10 minutes at room temperature, gradually heating to 60 ℃, preserving heat for 1 hour, and naturally cooling to room temperature to form a mixed solution B; adding the weighed tetra-n-butyl titanate solution into ethylene glycol monomethyl ether solution, simultaneously adding chelating agent acetylacetone with the molar ratio of the tetra-n-butyl titanate being 2:1, and magnetically stirring at room temperature for 30min until the mixture is uniform to form a mixed solution C; dropwise adding the mixed solution A and the mixed solution B into the mixed solution C in sequence, stirring for 30 minutes at room temperature, then stirring the mixed solution for 1 hour at 80 ℃, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain clear Bi0.3-xPrxYb0.2Na0.5TiO3Precursor sol; drying for 4 hours at 80 ℃ to change precursor sol into xerogel, processing for 2 hours at 250 ℃ to generate sol-gel self-propagating combustion reaction to obtain Bi0.3- xPrxYb0.2Na0.5TiO3Perovskite nano powder. Granulating the obtained nano powder, adding 5% PVA aqueous solution into the powder, tabletting (10 mm), then discharging viscosity at 550 ℃ for 2 hours, and sintering at 900 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain compact micro Bi0.3-xPrxYb0.2Na0.5TiO3A ceramic.
Example 6:
preparation of Bi0.3-xEuxYb0.2Na0.5TiO3Nano powder and ceramic block, wherein x is 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2.
Selecting bismuth nitrate pentahydrate, anhydrous sodium acetate, erbium nitrate, ytterbium nitrate and tetrabutyl titanate as main raw materials, and preparing Bi according to a formula0.3-xEuxYb0.2Na0.5TiO3The stoichiometric ratio of the raw materials is respectively weighed, the solution concentration is 0.7mol/L, the anhydrous sodium acetate is excessive by 5 percent, and the bismuth nitrate pentahydrate is excessiveWeighing bismuth nitrate pentahydrate, erbium nitrate and ytterbium nitrate, dissolving the weighed bismuth nitrate pentahydrate, erbium nitrate and ytterbium nitrate in ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and stirring for 1 hour at room temperature to fully mix to form a mixed solution A; dissolving the weighed anhydrous sodium acetate in ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, adding 5ml of glacial acetic acid, stirring for 10 minutes at room temperature, gradually heating to 60 ℃, preserving heat for 1 hour, and naturally cooling to room temperature to form a mixed solution B; adding the weighed tetra-n-butyl titanate solution into ethylene glycol monomethyl ether solution, simultaneously adding chelating agent acetylacetone with the molar ratio of the tetra-n-butyl titanate being 2:1, and magnetically stirring at room temperature for 30min until the mixture is uniform to form a mixed solution C; dropwise adding the mixed solution A and the mixed solution B into the mixed solution C in sequence, stirring for 30 minutes at room temperature, then stirring the mixed solution for 1 hour at 80 ℃, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain clear Bi0.3-xEuxYb0.2Na0.5TiO3Precursor sol; drying for 4 hours at 100 ℃ to change precursor sol into xerogel, processing for 2 hours at 300 ℃ to generate sol-gel self-propagating combustion reaction to obtain Bi0.3- xEuxYb0.2Na0.5TiO3Perovskite nano powder. Granulating the obtained nano powder, adding 5% PVA aqueous solution into the powder, tabletting (diameter of 10 mm), then removing viscosity at 550 ℃ for 2 hours, and sintering at 800 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain compact micro Bi0.3-xEuxYb0.2Na0.5TiO3A ceramic.
Example 7:
preparation of Bi0.3-xSmxYb0.2Na0.5TiO3Nano powder and ceramic block, wherein x is 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2.
Selecting bismuth nitrate pentahydrate, anhydrous sodium acetate, erbium nitrate, ytterbium nitrate and tetrabutyl titanate as main raw materials, and preparing Bi according to a formula0.3-xSmxYb0.2Na0.5TiO3The stoichiometric ratio of the raw materials is respectively weighed, the solution concentration is 0.7mol/L, the anhydrous sodium acetate is excessive by 5 percent, the bismuth nitrate pentahydrate is excessive by 2 percent, the weighed bismuth nitrate pentahydrate, erbium nitrate and ytterbium nitrate are dissolved in ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and the mixture is stirred for 1 hour at room temperature and fully mixedMixing to form a mixed solution A; dissolving the weighed anhydrous sodium acetate in ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, adding 5ml of glacial acetic acid, stirring for 10 minutes at room temperature, gradually heating to 60 ℃, preserving heat for 1 hour, and naturally cooling to room temperature to form a mixed solution B; adding the weighed tetra-n-butyl titanate solution into ethylene glycol monomethyl ether solution, simultaneously adding chelating agent acetylacetone with the molar ratio of the tetra-n-butyl titanate being 2:1, and magnetically stirring at room temperature for 30min until the mixture is uniform to form a mixed solution C; dropwise adding the mixed solution A and the mixed solution B into the mixed solution C in sequence, stirring for 30 minutes at room temperature, then stirring the mixed solution for 1 hour at 80 ℃, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain clear Bi0.3-xSmxYb0.2Na0.5TiO3Precursor sol; drying at 80 ℃ for 4 hours to change precursor sol into xerogel, processing at 200 ℃ for 2 hours to generate sol-gel self-propagating combustion reaction to obtain Bi0.3- xSmxYb0.2Na0.5TiO3Perovskite nano powder. Granulating the obtained nano powder, adding 5% PVA aqueous solution into the powder, tabletting (diameter of 10 mm), then removing viscosity at 500 ℃ for 2 hours, and sintering at 1000 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain compact ceramic Bi0.3-xSmxYb0.2Na0.5TiO3。
The embodiments of the present invention are merely illustrative of the spirit of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments or substitute them with similar ones without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A preparation method of a rare earth doped sodium bismuth titanate perovskite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, weighing: anhydrous sodium acetate, pentahydrate bismuth nitrate, ytterbium nitrate, tetra-n-butyl titanate and Er3+Nitrate or Er of3+Wherein, anhydrous sodium acetate, pentahydrate bismuth nitrate, ytterbium nitrate, tetra-n-butyl titanate and Er3+Nitrate or Er of3+In a molar ratio of acetate of 0.5: (0.5-x-y): y: 1: value range of x, xX is more than or equal to 0.001 and less than or equal to 0.2, and y is more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.3;
step S2, weighing the bismuth nitrate pentahydrate and Er in the step S13+Nitrate or Er of3+Adding the acetate into ethylene glycol monomethyl ether solution to form a first mixed solution;
step S3, adding the anhydrous sodium acetate weighed in the step S1 into an ethylene glycol monomethyl ether solution, and simultaneously adding glacial acetic acid with the mass ratio of the anhydrous sodium acetate being 1 (5-10) to form a second mixed solution; stirring anhydrous sodium acetate, glycol methyl ether solution and glacial acetic acid at room temperature for 10 minutes, then gradually heating to 60-80 ℃, preserving heat for 0.5-1 hour, and then naturally cooling to room temperature to form a second mixed solution;
step S4, adding the tetra-n-butyl titanate weighed in the step S1 into ethylene glycol monomethyl ether solution, and simultaneously adding a chelating agent acetylacetone with the molar ratio of the tetra-n-butyl titanate being 2:1 to form a third mixed solution;
step S5, the first mixed solution and the second mixed solution are sequentially added into the third mixed solution drop by drop, the mixture is stirred at room temperature, then the mixed solution is heated to 80-100 ℃ and stirred, and then the mixed solution is cooled to room temperature, so that clear rare earth element doped sodium bismuth titanate precursor sol is obtained; when the first mixed solution and the second mixed solution are dripped into the third mixed solution, 0.5-5% molar excess of bismuth nitrate pentahydrate in the first mixed solution and 0.5-15% molar excess of sodium acetate in the second mixed solution are mixed, the mixture is stirred for 30 minutes at room temperature, then the mixed solution is stirred for 1-2 hours at 80-100 ℃, and then the mixed solution is cooled to the room temperature;
step S6, drying the obtained clear rare earth doped sodium bismuth titanate precursor sol at 80-100 ℃ to obtain dry gel; the xerogel is thermally treated for 1 to 2 hours at the temperature of between 200 and 300 ℃ to generate self-propagating combustion reaction, and the rare earth doped sodium bismuth titanate perovskite nano powder is obtained.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein step S6 is followed by the steps of: and (4) granulating, tabletting and viscosity-removing the rare earth doped sodium bismuth titanate perovskite nano powder prepared in the step (S6) through the traditional ceramics, sintering at 800-1000 ℃ to obtain a rare earth doped sodium bismuth titanate perovskite ceramic block, and adding a PVA solution with the mass fraction of 4-6% into the rare earth doped sodium bismuth titanate perovskite nano powder during granulation.
3. The method for preparing a rare earth doped sodium bismuth titanate perovskite material of claim 2, wherein the binder removal temperature is 500-580 ℃ for 2 hours, and the sintering time is 2 hours.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S2, the bismuth nitrate and Er pentahydrate are added3+The nitrate or acetate and the ethylene glycol monomethyl ether solution are stirred for 0.5 to 1 hour at room temperature to obtain a first mixed solution.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S4, the tetra-n-butyl titanate solution, the ethylene glycol monomethyl ether solution, and the chelating agent acetylacetone are stirred at room temperature for 0.5-1 hour to form a third mixed solution.
6. The method for preparing a rare earth doped sodium bismuth titanate perovskite material of claim 1, wherein in step S5, the obtained clear rare earth doped sodium bismuth titanate precursor sol is placed in an oven, and the drying time is 4-8 hours at 80-100 ℃.
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