CN107813104B - The manufacturing method of automobile gas spring aluminum alloy combination pipe fitting - Google Patents
The manufacturing method of automobile gas spring aluminum alloy combination pipe fitting Download PDFInfo
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- CN107813104B CN107813104B CN201710800648.0A CN201710800648A CN107813104B CN 107813104 B CN107813104 B CN 107813104B CN 201710800648 A CN201710800648 A CN 201710800648A CN 107813104 B CN107813104 B CN 107813104B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of manufacturing methods of automobile gas spring aluminum alloy combination pipe fitting, it is to be composed of automobile gas spring aluminium alloy shaped-tube, automobile gas spring with tube and pipe of aluminium alloy, wherein one end of automobile gas spring tube and pipe of aluminium alloy is set with, is weldingly fixed in automobile gas spring aluminium alloy shaped-tube, wherein there are two types of the structures of automobile gas spring aluminium alloy shaped-tube: outer profile is five tooth flower pattern, and Internal periphery is seven tooth flower type structures.Products of the present invention has the advantages that plasticity and mechanical property are good, machining accuracy is high, surface quality is good, the technical indicators such as tensile strength, yield strength, elongation percentage and the outer diameter out of roundness of product, internal diameter out of roundness are all more superior than required value, product has been sold to American-European and domestic and international big-and-middle-sized automobile manufacturer, has filled up domestic and international blank for gas spring material aluminium alloying.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of design of the alloying component of aluminium alloy extrusions and manufacturing process, and in particular to a kind of aluminium alloy
The manufacturing method of round tube, aluminium alloy shaped-tube substitutes steel material, is used as gas spring component-piston rod, plays Telescopic Fixed
Effect.
Background technique
Gas spring (gasspring) is that one kind can play the functions such as support, buffering, braking, height adjustment and angular adjustment
Industry accessories.It is made of following sections: pressure cylinder, piston rod, piston, seal guide sleeve, filler (inert gas or
Person's gas mixture), control element and cylinder outer control element (referring to controllable gas spring) and connector etc. in cylinder.Principle is closed
Inert gas is filled in pressure cylinder, and perhaps gas mixture makes the intracorporal pressure of chamber higher than several times or tens times of atmospheric pressure,
Realize the movement of piston rod to the pressure difference generated less than the cross-sectional area of piston using the cross-sectional area of piston rod.Due to
Fundamental difference in principle, gas spring have significant advantage than common spring: speed is relatively slow, dynamic force change is little
(generally within 1:1.2) is easy to control.
Previous gas spring assembly is steel material, volume weight, corrosion easy to wear, and service life is short；And aluminium alloy
Density is lower than steel, and surface treatment effect is good, and aluminium alloy is rear to pass through rigorous timeliness again by first high temperature extruding forming
Process has very high corrosion resistance, and the surface of aluminium alloy will form oxidation film naturally, be not easy to get rusty, and easily keeps beautiful
Bright and clean surface；
For the intensity of aluminum alloy materials compared with steel, density is the 1/3 of steel, and absorption impact capacity is 2 times of steel, thermally conductive
Performance is 3 times higher than iron, and volume is lighter than steel, and has and recycle value well, with motor vehicle assembly lightweight
Development, future deformations aluminum alloy materials are by increasingly extensive application in motor vehicle assembly.
Currently, the plasticity and mechanical property of the aluminum alloy material occurred in the market are poor, and machining accuracy is lower, surface matter
It measures bad, it is difficult to meet the high quality requirement of automobile gas spring aluminium alloy.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is in order to solve the above problems existing in the present technology, and provide a kind of plasticity and mechanical property
The manufacturing method for the automobile gas spring aluminum alloy combination pipe fitting that energy is good, machining accuracy is high, surface quality is good.
To reach above-mentioned purpose of the invention, automobile gas spring of the present invention with the manufacturing method of aluminum alloy combination pipe fitting be by
Automobile gas spring aluminium alloy shaped-tube, automobile gas spring are composed with tube and pipe of aluminium alloy, automobile gas spring aluminum alloy round
One end suit of pipe is weldingly fixed in automobile gas spring aluminium alloy shaped-tube.
A. the manufacturing method of automobile gas spring tube and pipe of aluminium alloy:
On the basis of a large number of experiments research, the present invention carries out the chemical component of automobile gas spring tube and pipe of aluminium alloy
Optimization design has developed following components, the optimization of C/C composites of content, each alloying element mass percentage in raw material are as follows: Si
0.48%~0.52%, Fe 0.16%~0.20%, Cu≤0.05%, Mn≤0.05%, Mg 0.51%~0.55%, Cr≤
0.05%, Zn≤0.05%, Ti 0.15%-0.25%, Pb 0.004%~0.01%, Ca+Na 0.001%-0.002%,
Other individual element content≤0.05%, other element total amount≤0.15%, remaining as aluminium.
The aluminium bar of the above component is processed into automobile gas spring tube and pipe of aluminium alloy using following steps:
1) hot extrusion
Using horizontal extruder, it is equipped with power digital display adjustable electromagnetic induction heater, aluminium bar heating uses gradient-heated
Technique can efficiently control the gap of head and tail temperature；Machine temperature on aluminium bar are as follows: 500 DEG C~515 DEG C of head, 490 DEG C of tail portion~
505 DEG C, discharge port product observed temperature is controlled at 520 DEG C~540 DEG C, to guarantee the performance requirement of product postorder plastic processing；
Extrusion Die Design is combined type divergent die, and mold uses the high-quality steel of H13, mold domestic and foreign work calibrating strap assembly edge
Embedding YG8N hard alloy, mold core sizing work belt position uses high-temperature wearable hard YG8N tungsten alloy steel ring, and passes through fixed spiral shell
Silk is mounted on the locking of upper mold front end；Die hole sizing work belt also uses abrasion-resistive hard YG8N tungsten alloy steel ring, and by mechanical high
Temperature and pressure build-in is scheduled in lower die centre bore and occupies just.
2) it is cold worked
To the aluminium alloy material product obtained after step 1) processing, drawing, chain type pulling machine are carried out using chain type pulling machine
Using three-phase alternating current variable-frequency motor speed-regulating system, smooth step-less adjustment and control can be carried out to speed；During the drawing process, Xiang Guan
Lubricating oil of the base surfaces externally and internally implantation spray movement stickiness in 600~800cst range.
3) finishing (aligning)
Long material product after step 2) drawing, the alignment of straightness, control are carried out using straightener multiple roll spinning
The circle beating degree of product is subject to school circle in 0.05~0.08mm, while to the dimension of inner and outer diameters of product and out of roundness, keeps outer diameter true
Roundness control is in 0.03~0.06mm range, the control of internal diameter out of roundness in 0.015~0.03mm range；And in product after drawing
The residual stress of generation is discharged, and product size and performance stabilization is made not to rebound.
4) finished product sawing
Full-automatic dimension saw is programmed using CNC, by the running speed of 15~20/S of single mono- back and forth carry out entirely from
Dynamic scale sawing.
5) degreasing
Short material product after finished product sawing, which impregnates in dedicated slot by kerosene, to be used to dilute to be adhered to product surfaces externally and internally
Drawing lubrication oil, using pickling grease removal；Product after grease removal impregnates rinse using 4~6 Rinsing Areas and is adhered to surface
Acid solution, did low temperature drying processing with 75~90 DEG C/20~30 minutes into drying oven.
6) ageing treatment
Homogenization heat is carried out using the aging technique of 175~190 DEG C/5.5~7h by step 5) treated product
Processing, with mechanical property and hardness requirement needed for meeting product.
7) it machines
Product after scale sawing, ageing treatment, then pressed respectively outside using both ends on CNC programming fully-automatic chamfering machine
C30 °, interior C60 ° of progress chamfering.
Product after two end chamfers carries out one end internal tapping processing.
8) cleaning and flash removed
The tube and pipe of aluminium alloy product that step 7) processes, using cleaning and flash removed cleaning check it is errorless after, by process
It cases for library.
Each alloying element mass percentage is excellent in the manufacturing method raw material of automobile gas spring tube and pipe of aluminium alloy of the present invention
It is selected as: Si 0.48%~0.52%, Fe 0.16%~0.20%, Cu0.01~0.045%, Mn 0.01~0.045%, Mg
0.51%~0.55%, Cr0.02~0.045%, Zn 0.02~0.045%, Ti 0.15%-0.25%, Pb 0.005%~
0.008%, Ca+Na 0.0012%~0.0018%, other individual element content≤0.04%, other element total amounts≤
0.12%, remaining as aluminium.
In above-mentioned steps 1) in the extrusion die specification that uses be preferred for Φ 180mm × 120T, when the preceding heating and thermal insulation of production
Between control on 2~4h, extrusion die the control of machine temperature at 465 DEG C~485 DEG C, extrusion cylinder heating and temperature control 420 DEG C~
440 DEG C of ranges.
In step 2), drawing process is advisable using the extruding material of Φ 20 ± 0.1 × 2.0 ± 0.1, drawing one-pass molding
Φ 16.2 ± 0.1 × 13+0/-0.08, Φ-mm.
In step 7), chamfering tool uses high-performance cobalt alloy HSS-E high-speed steel；Internal tapping processing uses vertical gear
Formula is full-automatic/Manual tapping machine, it utilizes A/B gear to hang disk opposite direction and is alternately engaged, cooperation variable-frequency motor adjustable speed operating drives folder
Head moves up and down, and the high-quality high-speed steel spiral tap of assembly carries out blind hole internal tapping processing in collet, and uses upper chip removal mode, matches
It closes motor pump and conveys efficient screw-cutting oil spray on product port and screw tap；It is held using pneumatic clamps disk folder at tapping processing end
Between two parties, with double fastener disk product clamping, magnetic floats the mobile operation of motor control or so transposition.
B. the manufacturing method of automobile gas spring aluminium alloy shaped-tube
On the basis of a large number of experiments research, change of the present invention to the manufacturing method of automobile gas spring aluminium alloy shaped-tube
It studies and point design is optimized, on the basis of a large number of experiments research, have developed following components, the optimization of C/C composites of content,
Each alloying element mass percentage in raw material are as follows: Si 0.46%~0.50%, Fe≤0.15%, Cu≤0.01%, Mn≤
0.02%, Mg 0.70%~0.74%, Cr≤0.01%, Zn≤0.01%, Ti 0.015%-0.025%, Pb 0.0004%
~0.001%, Ca+Na 0.001%~0.002%, other individual element content≤0.01%, other element total amounts≤
0.1%, remaining as aluminium.There are two types of structures for the automobile gas spring aluminium alloy shaped-tube: outer profile is five tooth flower pattern, lubrication groove
Exterior feature is seven tooth flower pattern.
The outer profile of the automobile gas spring aluminium alloy shaped-tube is five tooth flower type structures, and the outer profile of shape tube contains
There are equally distributed 5 external tooths, adjacent outer between cog is arc slot, and Internal periphery corresponding with external tooth is inside groove.
The Internal periphery of the automobile gas spring aluminium alloy shaped-tube is seven tooth flower type structures, and the Internal periphery of shape tube contains
There are equally distributed 7 internal tooths, adjacent interior between cog is groove.
Each alloying element mass percentage is preferred in the raw material of the automobile gas spring aluminium alloy shaped-tube are as follows: Si
0.46%~0.50%, Fe 0.05~0.14%, Cu0.002~0.009%, Mn 0.005~0.018%, Mg 0.70%~
0.74%, Cr0.002~0.009%, Zn0.002~0.009%, Ti 0.015%-0.025%, Pb 0.0004%~
0.001%, Ca+Na 0.001%~0.002%, other individual element content≤0.009%, other element total amounts≤
0.09%, remaining as aluminium.
The manufacturing method of automobile gas spring of the present invention aluminum alloy combination pipe fitting after the above technical solution is adopted, has following
Advantage:
1. the automobile gas spring aluminum alloy combination pipe fitting produced, can be used as automobile gas spring component-piston rod makes
With with the distinguishing features such as good impact resistance, moderate strength, good welding performance, wear-resistant, and machining accuracy is high, surface matter
It measures；
2. by the component of strict control alloying element, content, and being added to micro Pb, Ca, Na, automobile gas spring is used
The tensile strength of tube and pipe of aluminium alloy product up to 280~320Mpa, yield strength up to 220~260Mpa, elongation percentage up to 12~
15%, properties of product reach and surmounted DIN EN 755-2 mechanical property requirements (tensile strength >=250Mpa, yield strength >=
200Mpa, elongation percentage >=10%)；For the tensile strength of automobile gas spring aluminium alloy shaped-tube up to 265~290Mpa, surrender is strong
Degree is up to 220~260Mpa, and elongation percentage is up to 10~14%, and the mechanical property of product is more than DIN EN 755-2 performance control needs
(tensile strength >=250Mpa, yield strength >=210Mpa, elongation percentage >=8%).Achieve unexpected technical effect.
3. the automobile gas spring tube and pipe of aluminium alloy product size and performance stabilization after finishing (aligning) do not rebound, circle bounce
Degree control exists in 0.05~0.08mm range, the control of outer diameter out of roundness in 0.03~0.06mm range, the control of internal diameter out of roundness
0.015~0.03mm range, roughness are more much better than required value up to 5~7 μm；Automobile gas spring aluminium after finishing (aligning)
Outer diameter out of roundness, the internal diameter out of roundness of alloy shape tube are all more much better than required value.
4. the product produced achieves howling success on the market, large and medium-sized automaker at home
It promotes and applies, and is sold to the overseas markets such as America and Europe.
Figure of description
Fig. 1 is the schematic cross-section that outer profile is five tooth flower pattern automobile gas spring aluminium alloy shaped-tubes；
Fig. 2 is the schematic cross-section that Internal periphery is seven tooth flower pattern automobile gas spring aluminium alloy shaped-tubes.
Appended drawing reference are as follows: 1- external tooth；2- arc slot；3- inside groove；4- internal tooth；5- groove.
Specific embodiment
To further describe the present invention, combined with specific embodiments below to automobile gas spring aluminium alloy shaped-tube of the present invention
Manufacturing method be described in further details.
The automobile gas spring is by automobile gas spring aluminium alloy shaped-tube, Automobile air bullet with aluminum alloy combination pipe fitting
Spring is composed with tube and pipe of aluminium alloy, and wherein one end of automobile gas spring tube and pipe of aluminium alloy is set with, is weldingly fixed on Automobile air
In spring aluminium alloy shaped-tube.
A: the manufacturing method of automobile gas spring tube and pipe of aluminium alloy
The present invention is to automobile gas spring alloying element mass percentage each in tube and pipe of aluminium alloy raw material are as follows: Si
0.48%~0.52%, Fe 0.16%~0.20%, Cu≤0.05%, Mn≤0.05%, Mg 0.51%~0.55%, Cr≤
0.05%, Zn≤0.05%, Ti 0.15%-0.25%, Pb 0.004%~0.01%, Ca+Na 0.001%-0.002%,
Other individual element content≤0.05%, other element total amount≤0.15%, remaining as aluminium.
The aluminium bar of the above component is processed into automobile gas spring tube and pipe of aluminium alloy using following steps:
1) hot extrusion:
Using 1000T horizontal extruder, it is equipped with 320KW power digital display adjustable electromagnetic induction heater, aluminium bar heating is adopted
With gradient-heated technique, the gap of head and tail temperature can be efficiently controlled, machine temperature on aluminium bar are as follows: 500 DEG C~515 DEG C of head, tail
490 DEG C~505 DEG C of portion, discharge port product observed temperature are controlled at 520 DEG C -540 DEG C, to guarantee product postorder plastic processing
Performance requirement；
Extrusion Die Design is combined type divergent die, and mold uses the high-quality steel of H13, and YG8N hard alloy is inlayed in assembly, is used
In mold domestic and foreign work calibrating strap, mold core sizing work belt position uses high-temperature wearable hard YG8N tungsten alloy steel ring, leads to
It crosses fixed screw and is mounted on the locking of upper mold front end, die hole sizing work belt is also the abrasion-resistive hard YG8N tungsten alloy steel ring used,
It is occupied just by press-fitted be fixed in lower die centre bore of mechanical high-temperature.Sizing work belt (the abrasion-resistive hard YG8N tungsten alloy steel of mold
Circle) grinding and polishing is run at high speed into mirror-like using numerically controlled lathe.Pass through grinding and polishing, the smoothness of mold sizing work belt
Quality significantly improves, and can effectively mitigate frictional force when extrusion deformation, to improve the light of extrusion billet surfaces externally and internally
The period and service life that clean quality and mold use；High temperature, high pressure can be born in extrusion process and acutely become by also ensuring simultaneously
Under conditions of shape frictional force, the finish and intensity of mold calibrating strap are not affected, and the crowded blank surface produced is bright and clean,
Without particle, without vertical line, to ensure that product is round and smooth in postorder drawing rear surface degree light, dimensional accuracy stably reaching standard is no different
Often.
Mould specification is 180 × 120T of Φ, and heating and thermal insulation time control machine temperature control on 2-4h, mold exists before producing
465 DEG C~485 DEG C, extrusion cylinder heating temperature is 420 DEG C~440 DEG C, to guarantee that material product reaches the mode of Isothermal Extrusion；
Using T8 machining state, [T8 refers to heat, cold-formed Al-alloy products to the product, passes through solution heat treatment
After being also cold worked the intensity that (drawing) improves product after (forced air cooling) again, then carry out the state of artificial aging]；Using constant speed 40%
(4.8mm/s) extrusion speed, to guarantee the dimensional accuracy of material product and obtain good surface weld line mass；Long material material
After product is using scale sawing, spinning beam head, cleaning treatment, (drawing) production is cold worked.
2) (drawing) is cold worked
Drawing refers to that aluminium alloy material product by drawing mould, implements the mode that tube reducing subtracts wall plastic deformation processing, from
And obtain high-precision final products size requirement.
Drawing equipment is chain type pulling machine, using three-phase alternating current variable-frequency motor speed-regulating system, can carry out realizing to speed flat
Sliding step-less adjustment and control.Drawing equipment is conveyed by main body, folder vehicle device, chain belt backhaul, and die holder, pull rod, product place work
Make platform, pneumatic system and electric control system composition.
Technical parameter: main motor current 40-50KW, drawing speed use variable frequency regulating speed control mode, 0~60m/min, gas
Source pressure 0.3-0.6Mpa, can drawing 5~Φ of Φ 60mm the products such as round tube, bar, profile shapes, pulling length≤7m.
Drawing process:
Using Φ 20 ± 0.1 × 2.0 ± 0.1 squeeze material, drawing one-pass molding 16.2 ± 0.1 × 13+0/-0.08 of Φ,
Machining deformation amount is 35.11% sizing reduction 3.8mm, wall thickness reducing amount 0.4mm.
In order to guarantee the bright and clean roughness of product surfaces externally and internally, outfit uses efficient aluminium drawing special lube,
In drawing process, using effectively drawing lubrication oil and lubricating system for strengthening drawing production process, improve production efficiency and
Product quality has great importance；When drawing produces, it need to be inculcated to pipe surfaces externally and internally and spray a kind of movement stickiness 600-
The lubricating oil of 800cst, in pipe and die deformation friction relative movement, under the action of the compression of arc modular angle, lubrication
Oil forms turnup accumulation in die deformation area inlet, forms lubrication and physical absorption effect comprehensively, becomes when pressure reaches metal
When shape yield limit, lubricating oil is just extruded to be brought into deformed area along arc angle transition, and forming one layer has certain thickness profit
Lubricating oil film is attached on pipe surfaces externally and internally and separates Mold Metal, plays the effect and good lubrication cooling to mold anti-attrition
Effect.Using efficient lubricant oil, it is avoided that in flow of metal friction relative motion and crosses boundary's friction and mixed film friction, effectively subtract
Deformation frictional resistance in small drawing process, to improve lubricating action and effect.
It squeezes material product to control by arranging in pairs or groups meticulously inside and outside drawing mould, to implement the one-time formed operation mould of drawing
Formula, to produce the high-precision high-quality long material product of good performance of size.
3) finishing (aligning)
Table 1 is the related data for aligning anteroposterior dimension inspection comparison.
Table 1 aligns anteroposterior dimension and checks correlation data
Long material product after drawing, carries out the alignment of straightness, using straightener multiple roll spinning to reach product
The control requirement of beating degree, while school circle also is subject to the inside/outside diameter size of product and out of roundness, and to being produced in product after drawing
Raw residual stress is discharged, and product size and performance stabilization is made not to rebound.
4) finished product sawing:
Full-automatic dimension saw is programmed using CNC, the every row of single can sawing≤25pcs simultaneously, with magnetic float motor and
Pneumatic pressure holding cooperation transportation system, the speed that saw blade is turned with every S/3000, cooperation sprays efficient coolant liquid, by single 15-20/
The running speed of S mono- back and forth carries out full-automatic scale sawing, during which only needs hand fit's operation of feeding and discharging, the equipment
Length tolerance after can guaranteeing product sawing reaches≤0.4mm, reaches≤0.1 or less with port verticality.
5) degreasing (oil removing cleaning, drying)
Short material product after finished product sawing impregnates 20 minutes or so in dedicated slot by kerosene, is adhered to production for diluting
The drawing lubrication oil of product surfaces externally and internally, using pickling grease removal 5-10 minutes, solution ratio: the acid solution of 2%-5% added 3m3
Tap water dilution；Product after grease removal impregnates the acid solution that rinse is adhered to surface using 5 Rinsing Areas, into drying oven with 80
DEG C/do low temperature drying processing within 20-30 minutes.
6) ageing treatment (heat treatment)
In order to guarantee and stablize the mechanical property for promoting product, using the aging technique of 185 DEG C/6h, homogenization heat is carried out
Processing, with mechanical property and hardness needed for meeting product；Different aging techniques has the mechanical property of product very big
Variation, experimental test data such as table 2:
2 ageing treatment experimental test data of table compares
7) (two end chamfers, one end internal tapping) is machined
Product after scale sawing, ageing treatment, then programmed using CNC by outer C30 ° on fully-automatic chamfering machine, it is interior
C chamfering inside and outside C60 ° of progress both ends.
Chamfering tool uses high-performance cobalt alloy HSS-E high-speed steel, which has amount containing cobalt more, anti-wear energy
Good, blade is designed using unique technical standpoint, to meet 30 °/60 ° angle requirements, do not generate in process shake knife with
Consider the bad exceptions such as myomata to be worth doing；Angle precision can achieve national standard, in Europe superscript control range.
Product after two end chamfers carries out one end internal tapping processing, using vertical gear formula it is full-automatic/Manual tapping machine, benefit
It hangs disk opposite direction with A/B gear to be alternately engaged, cooperation variable-frequency motor adjustable speed operating drives collet to move up and down, assembly in collet
High-quality high-speed steel spiral tap carries out blind hole internal tapping processing, and uses upper chip removal mode, and cooperation motor pump conveying is efficiently attacked
Silk lubricating oil spray, not generate high temperature friction when guaranteeing that screw tap and product work, is avoided because of profit on product port and screw tap
The bad exceptions such as rotten tooth caused by sliding deficiency, bits sarcolytes；Product needs tapping processing end to hold using pneumatic clamps disk folder between two parties, with double
Chuck product clamping, magnetic float the mobile operation of motor control or so transposition, and so as to ensure equipment, operation does not stop up and down automatically,
Production efficiency is greatly increased, while also can guarantee the precision after product tapping processing.
Dedicated go-no go gauge is all made of after the product tapping and screws detection, by for non-defective unit, can't pass as defective products, product
It half-and-half breaks, using 2D video detection silk depth of threat degree and tooth away from height, to guarantee that it is accurate that the size at product silk tooth position requires
Property；
Round tube (piston rod) product by above-mentioned process process, using cleaning and flash removed cleaning check it is errorless after, press
Process is cased to be waited delivering goods for library.
B: the manufacturing method of automobile gas spring aluminium alloy shaped-tube
Each alloying element mass percentage in the raw material of the automobile gas spring aluminium alloy shaped-tube are as follows: Si
0.46%~0.50%, Fe≤0.15%, Cu≤0.01%, Mn≤0.02%, Mg 0.70%~0.74%, Cr≤0.01%,
Zn≤0.01%, Ti 0.015%-0.025%, Pb 0.0004%~0.001%, Ca+Na 0.001%~0.002%,
Its individual element content≤0.01%, other element total amount≤0.1%, remaining as aluminium.
Outer profile as shown in Figure 1 is that the schematic cross-section of five tooth flower pattern automobile gas spring aluminium alloy shaped-tubes is found out,
When the outer profile of automobile gas spring aluminium alloy shaped-tube is five tooth flower type structure, the outer profile of shape tube, which contains, to be uniformly distributed
5 external tooths 1, be arc slot 2 between adjacent external tooth 1, Internal periphery corresponding with external tooth 1 is inside groove 3.Its manufacturing procedure are as follows: aluminium bar
Entered inspection → hot extrusion → timeliness → finished product sawing → machining (both ends flash removed) → cleaning → product examine → storage → shipment.
Internal periphery as shown in Figure 2 is that the schematic cross-section of seven tooth flower pattern automobile gas spring aluminium alloy shaped-tubes is found out,
When the Internal periphery of automobile gas spring aluminium alloy shaped-tube is seven tooth flower type structure, the Internal periphery of shape tube, which contains, to be uniformly distributed
7 internal tooths 4, be groove 5 between adjacent internal tooth 4.Its manufacturing procedure are as follows: aluminium bar is entered inspection → hot extrusion → timeliness → finishing
(aligning) → finished product sawing → machining (bore hole, flash removed in two end chamfers, one end) → cleaning → product examine → storage → shipment.
The aluminium bar of the above component is processed into automobile gas spring aluminium alloy shaped-tube using following steps:
1) hot extrusion (outer profile and Internal periphery product share)
Using 500T horizontal extruder, it is equipped with 220KW power digital display adjustable electromagnetic induction heater, in extruded product
Using coordinated type dragger product clamping head end and extrusion speed synchronize carry out traction sliding, to guarantee that product discharge is uniform, no
It is influenced by resistance and generates Deformation Anomalies.
Aluminium bar heating uses gradient-heated technique, can efficiently control the temperature spread heated end to end, machine temperature on aluminium bar
Are as follows: 490 DEG C~505 DEG C of head, 480 DEG C~500 DEG C of tail portion, discharge port product observed temperature control at 500 DEG C -530 DEG C, with
Guarantee the performance requirement of product plastic processing.
Extrusion Die Design is combined type divergent die, is programmed using the high-quality steel of H13 by CNC, first input product CAD diagram
Every control size of shape requires tolerance value (containing variate-value, take the tolerance value upper limit), then is formed with low-speed WEDM, after by
High-temperature heat treatment increases the intensity and hardness of mould steel, to guarantee that die cavity work belt is not broken in high temperature crushing failure at high speed
Split, collapse etc. abnormal, to ensure the non-warping deformation of product forms section after squeezing out, size and face profile degree can reach
Mark.
Mould specification is 140 × 50T of Φ, and the control of heating and thermal insulation time is in 0.5-2h before producing, and upper machine temperature control is 450
DEG C~470 DEG C, 390 DEG C~410 DEG C of extrusion cylinder heating temperature, to guarantee that product forms can reach the mode of Isothermal Extrusion.
Using T5 machining state, (T5 refers to be cooled down the product forms by high-temperature molding process, then carries out artificial aging
State without cold working, can be aligned, leveling, but the pole that do not affect the mechanical properties after being cooled down by high-temperature molding
Limit gives the product of artificial aging processing)；Using constant speed 30% (3.6mm/s) extrusion speed, with dragger product clamping head
It is slided with extrusion speed sync pulling, to guarantee the product forms section squeezed out and cross dimensions and profile tolerance, symmetry
Can be up to standard, and the bright and clean quality of good surface welding quality and surfaces externally and internally can be obtained, impulse- free robustness particle, vertical line are drawn
The bad exceptions such as wound.
There are about 20-22m length to differ on cold bed after section bar extrusion, clamps after natural cooling by bivector traction, applies
Certain pulling force is straightened；To guarantee the geomery requirement of the straightness and product of product, outer profile product is straight after being straightened
Line is relatively good, and Internal periphery product is straightened that rear straightness is general, but inside and outside out of roundness is not able to satisfy the requirement of Boring in postorder,
Spy aligns school sired results sequence after increasing timeliness, and the inside and outside out of roundness to guarantee product is up to standard.
Table 3 is that outer profile is that after five tooth flower pattern shape tube products squeeze and rear size comparison's data are straightened.
3 outer profile of table is that after five tooth flower pattern shape tube products squeeze and rear size comparison's data (mm) are straightened
Table 4 is that Internal periphery is that after seven tooth flower pattern shape tube products squeeze and rear size comparison's data are straightened.
4 Internal periphery of table is that after seven tooth flower pattern shape tube products squeeze and rear size comparison's data (mm) are straightened
For Internal periphery product after being straightened, out of roundness cannot be up to standard, and postorder increases aligning and repairs school circle, to guarantee to machine
(interior bore hole) cutting is clean, impulse- free robustness, the bits undesirable generation of myomata.
2) timeliness-heat treatment (outer profile and Internal periphery product share)
In order to guarantee and stablize the mechanical property for promoting this 2 sections of products, using 2 kinds of timeliness of 185 DEG C/5h and 170 DEG C/6h
Technique carries out homogenization heat treatment, with mechanical property and hardness needed for meeting product；Different aging techniques are to product
Mechanical property has very big variation, experimental test data such as table 5:
Mechanics properties testing data of the different aging technique of table 5 to product
From the point of view of above-mentioned 2 kinds of timeliness experimental datas, this 2 kinds of product forms are relatively suitble to using 185 DEG C/5h aging technique, it can
With arrange simultaneously carry out aging strengthening model, can effectively save aging time and energy saving, more can improving production efficiency, quickening
Productive temp.
3) finishing (aligning) (Internal periphery product is dedicated)
Long material product by squeezing, after timeliness, carries out the alignment of straightness, using straightener multiple roll spinning to reach
The control requirement of product beating degree, while school circle also is subject to the inside/outside diameter size of product and out of roundness, it is machined convenient for postorder
When (bore hole in two end chamfers, one end) operation, it can guarantee that inside and outside C angle and cross section perpendicular degree of the product after two end chamfers reach
In mark and one end when Boring, it can cut and not generate burr thoroughly and cut not clean quality abnormal because oval.Aligning
Anteroposterior dimension inspection comparison such as table 6.
Table 6 aligns anteroposterior dimension inspection comparison (mm)
4) finished product sawing (outer profile and Internal periphery product share)
Full-automatic dimension saw is programmed using CNC, the every row of single can sawing≤25pcs simultaneously, with magnetic float motor and
Pneumatic pressure holding cooperation transportation system, the speed that saw blade is turned with every S/3000, cooperation sprays efficient coolant liquid, by single 15-20/
The running speed of S mono- back and forth carries out full-automatic scale sawing, during which only needs hand fit's operation of feeding and discharging, the equipment
Length tolerance after can guaranteeing product sawing reaches≤0.4 and reaches≤0.1 or less with port verticality.
5)-two end chamfers, bore hole in one end are machined (Internal periphery product is dedicated)
Product after scale sawing, ageing treatment, then programmed using CNC by outer C30 ° on fully-automatic chamfering machine, it is interior
C chamfer machining inside and outside C60 ° of progress both ends, cutter use high-performance cobalt alloy HSS-E high-speed steel, which, which has, contains cobalt
Amount is more, and anti-wear energy is good, and blade is designed using unique technical standpoint, to meet 30 °/60 ° angle requirements and interior bore holes, repair
End face, turning etc. process operation, and do not generate the bad exception such as shake knife and bits myomata in process；Angle precision is equal
It can achieve national standard, in Europe superscript control range；Product carries out interior Boring after completing two end chamfers at one end, divides 2 times
Processed, rough turn for the first time, cutting output control is in 1.8~2.0mm or so, second of smart car, cutting output control 0.6~
0.8mm or so to guarantee that interior boring finished size is up to standard, and cuts inner face impulse- free robustness, and interior bore hole roughness is up to standard.
6) port flash removed (outer profile and Internal periphery product share)
This 2 sections of products have different degrees of cutting burr by sawing and the end face for not carrying out interior Boring, in gas
Spring assemble use process in, internal composed structure category full closeding state, cannot have a bit impurity, burr, bits end be mingled with it is mixed
Enter wherein to directly influence the effect and service life of sealing；For this stringent quality requirement, using company's independent research
A kind of mechanical deburring device, for burr inside and outside product two ends of polishing, use Du Pont's silk of German import 0.6-0.8mm for
Abrasive material is fabricated to disc brush, is assemblied in by operating, using so that the speed of 1500r/min is opposite on the two-way opposite motor put
Adjustable speed frequency-changing control system, to adjust the speed of conveyer belt, when product rolls into clip groove along discharging frame slope, by spring pressure
Platform pressure helps and first passes through the polishing that first group of opposite direction emery wheel carries out both ends interior and exterior in the direction of the clock between two parties, using second group
Opposite emery wheel carries out the polishing of both ends interior and exterior counterclockwise, after with conveying trough of belt slide to material receiving desk, product pass through 2
After a direction mixing polishing, both ends Glabrous thorn, and without bad generations such as crossing ellipsization deformations, with the polishing of abrasive material wheel
Loss shortens, the effect that during which can be polished according to product nozzle, comes front and back and adjusts position of the both sides with respect to motor, to guarantee product
End face polish clean impulse- free robustness.
7) it cleans, dry (outer profile and Internal periphery product share)
Product is needed using pickling 5-10 minutes, solution ratio by machining, flash removed: the acid solution of 2%-5%,
Add 3m3Tap water dilution；Product after grease removal impregnates the acid solution that rinse is adhered to surface, entering to dry using 5 Rinsing Areas
Dry furnace did low temperature drying processing with 80 DEG C/20-30 minutes.
8) product examine storage (outer profile and Internal periphery product share)
Product carries out product outer, port burr after cleaning, drying natural cooling, by professional product examine personnel, and
The full inspection of straightness, beating degree is verified；To guarantee that it is safe to use that product energy zero-fault storage consigns to client.
The aluminum alloy series product component that the present invention develops, it is special with German Si Taibilusi (STABILUS) gas spring
It seeks quotient and signs supply agreement (PSW), delivered more than 60,000 part of product of part series as scheduled within 2016, and be sold to American-European and state
Domestic and international blank has been filled up for gas spring material aluminium alloying by inside and outside big-and-middle-sized automobile manufacturer.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of manufacturing method of automobile gas spring aluminum alloy combination pipe fitting, it is characterised in that: the automobile gas spring is used
Aluminum alloy combination pipe fitting is to be composed of automobile gas spring aluminium alloy shaped-tube, automobile gas spring with tube and pipe of aluminium alloy,
One end suit of middle automobile gas spring tube and pipe of aluminium alloy is weldingly fixed in automobile gas spring aluminium alloy shaped-tube；
Each alloying element mass percentage in the raw material of the automobile gas spring tube and pipe of aluminium alloy are as follows: Si 0.48%~
0.52%, Fe 0.16%~0.20%, Cu≤0.05%, Mn≤0.05%, Mg 0.51%~0.55%, Cr≤0.05%,
Zn≤0.05%, Ti 0.15%-0.25%, Pb 0.004%~0.01%, Ca+Na 0.001%~0.002%, Qi Tadan
A constituent content≤0.05%, other element total amount≤0.15%, remaining as aluminium；The aluminium bar of the above component is added using following steps
Work is at automobile gas spring tube and pipe of aluminium alloy:
1) hot extrusion
Using horizontal extruder, it is equipped with power digital display adjustable electromagnetic induction heater, aluminium bar heating uses gradient-heated technique,
Machine temperature on aluminium bar are as follows: 500 DEG C~515 DEG C of head, 490 DEG C~505 DEG C of tail portion, discharge port product observed temperature are controlled 520
DEG C~540 DEG C；
Extrusion Die Design is combined type divergent die, and mold uses the high-quality steel of H13, and the assembly of mold domestic and foreign work calibrating strap is inlayed
YG8N hard alloy, mold core sizing work belt position uses high-temperature wearable hard YG8N tungsten alloy steel ring, and passes through fixed screw
It is mounted on the locking of upper mold front end；Die hole sizing work belt also uses abrasion-resistive hard YG8N tungsten alloy steel ring, and passes through mechanical high-temperature
Press-fitted be fixed in lower die centre bore occupies just；
2) it is cold worked
To the aluminium alloy material product obtained after step 1) processing, drawing is carried out using chain type pulling machine, chain type pulling machine uses
Three-phase alternating current variable-frequency motor speed-regulating system is controlled；During the drawing process, sticky to the implantation spray movement of pipe surfaces externally and internally
Spend the lubricating oil in 600~800cst range；
3) finishing
Long material product after step 2) drawing, the alignment of straightness is carried out using straightener multiple roll spinning, controls product
Circle beating degree be subject to school circle in 0.05~0.08mm range, while to the dimension of inner and outer diameters of product and out of roundness, and to drawing
The residual stress generated in product afterwards is discharged, and product size and performance stabilization is made not to rebound；
4) finished product sawing
Full-automatic dimension saw is programmed using CNC, it is automatically fixed to carry out by the running speed of 15~20/S of single mono- back and forth
Ruler sawing；
5) degreasing
Short material product after finished product sawing, which impregnates in dedicated slot by kerosene, to be used to dilute the drawing for being adhered to product surfaces externally and internally
Lubricating oil is pulled out, using pickling grease removal；Product after grease removal impregnates the acid that rinse is adhered to surface using 4~6 Rinsing Areas
Liquid did low temperature drying processing with 75~90 DEG C/20~30 minutes into drying oven；
6) ageing treatment
It carries out homogenizing hot place using the aging technique of 175 DEG C~190 DEG C/5.5~7h by step 5) treated product
Reason, with mechanical property and hardness requirement needed for meeting product；
7) it machines
Product after scale sawing, ageing treatment, then pressed respectively outside using both ends on CNC programming fully-automatic chamfering machine
C30 °, interior C60 ° of progress chamfering；
Product after two end chamfers carries out one end internal tapping processing；
8) cleaning and flash removed
The tube and pipe of aluminium alloy product that step 7) processes, using cleaning and flash removed cleaning check it is errorless after, by process vanning
Standby library；
Each alloying element mass percentage in the raw material of the automobile gas spring aluminium alloy shaped-tube are as follows: Si 0.46%
~0.50%, Fe≤0.15%, Cu≤0.01%, Mn≤0.02%, Mg 0.70%~0.74%, Cr≤0.01%, Zn≤
0.01%, Ti 0.015%-0.025%, Pb 0.0004%~0.001%, Ca+Na 0.001%~0.002%, Qi Tadan
A constituent content≤0.01%, other element total amount≤0.1%, remaining as aluminium；Automobile gas spring aluminium alloy abnormal shape
There are two types of structures for pipe: outer profile is five tooth flower type structures, and Internal periphery is seven tooth flower pattern, two kinds of structures.
2. the manufacturing method of automobile gas spring aluminum alloy combination pipe fitting as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
The outer profile of automobile gas spring aluminium alloy shaped-tube is five tooth flower type structures, and the outer profile of shape tube contains equally distributed 5
A external tooth (1) is arc slot (2) that Internal periphery corresponding with external tooth (1) is inside groove (3) between adjacent external tooth (1).
3. the manufacturing method of automobile gas spring aluminum alloy combination pipe fitting as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
The Internal periphery of automobile gas spring aluminium alloy shaped-tube is seven tooth flower type structures, and the Internal periphery of shape tube contains equally distributed 7
A internal tooth (4) is groove (5) between adjacent internal tooth (4).
4. the manufacturing method of automobile gas spring aluminum alloy combination pipe fitting as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3, it is characterised in that:
Each alloying element mass percentage in the raw material of the automobile gas spring tube and pipe of aluminium alloy are as follows: Si 0.48%~
0.52%, Fe 0.16%~0.20%, Cu0.01~0.045%, Mn 0.01~0.045%, Mg 0.51%~0.55%,
Cr0.02~0.045%, Zn 0.02~0.045%, Ti 0.15%-0.25%, Pb 0.005%~0.008%, Ca+Na
0.0012%~0.0018%, other individual element content≤0.04%, other element total amount≤0.12%, remaining as aluminium；
Each alloying element mass percentage in the raw material of the automobile gas spring aluminium alloy shaped-tube are as follows: Si 0.46%
~0.50%, Fe 0.05~0.14%, Cu0.002~0.009%, Mn 0.005~0.018%, Mg 0.70%~
0.74%, Cr0.002~0.009%, Zn0.002~0.009%, Ti 0.015%-0.025%, Pb 0.0004%~
0.001%, Ca+Na 0.001%~0.002%, other individual element content≤0.009%, other element total amounts≤
0.09%, remaining as aluminium.
5. the manufacturing method of automobile gas spring aluminum alloy combination pipe fitting as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that: above-mentioned
The extrusion die specification used in step 1) is Φ 180mm × 120T, and the control of heating and thermal insulation time is squeezed in 2~4h before producing
The control of machine temperature is at 465 DEG C~485 DEG C on mold, and extrusion cylinder heating and temperature control is in 420 DEG C~440 DEG C ranges.
6. the manufacturing method of automobile gas spring aluminum alloy combination pipe fitting as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that: in step
2) in, drawing process uses the extruding material of Φ 20 ± 0.1 × 2.0 ± 0.1,16.2 ± 0.1 × 13+ of drawing one-pass molding Φ
0/-0.08, Φ-mm.
7. the manufacturing method of automobile gas spring aluminum alloy combination pipe fitting as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that: in step
7) in, chamfering tool uses high-performance cobalt alloy HSS-E high-speed steel；Internal tapping processing is full-automatic/manual using vertical gear formula
Tapping machine is hung disk opposite direction using A/B gear and is alternately engaged, and cooperation variable-frequency motor adjustable speed operating drives collet to move up and down, presss from both sides
The high-quality high-speed steel spiral tap of assembly carries out blind hole internal tapping processing in head, and uses upper chip removal mode, and cooperation motor pump is defeated
Send efficient screw-cutting oil spray on product port and screw tap；It is held using pneumatic clamps disk folder between two parties, with double at tapping processing end
Chuck product clamping, magnetic float the mobile operation of motor control or so transposition.
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Address after: 1450 Yanghu Road, Maanshan economic and Technological Development Zone, Anhui Province 243000 Patentee after: Ma'anshan Xinma Precision Aluminum Industry Co.,Ltd. Address before: 1450 Yanghu Road, Maanshan economic and Technological Development Zone, Anhui Province 243000 Patentee before: MAANSHAN XINMA PRECISION ALUMINIUM INDUSTRY Co.,Ltd. |