CN107809105A - Feeder line sectionalised protection system based on Zigbee network communication - Google Patents
Feeder line sectionalised protection system based on Zigbee network communication Download PDFInfo
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- CN107809105A CN107809105A CN201710428728.8A CN201710428728A CN107809105A CN 107809105 A CN107809105 A CN 107809105A CN 201710428728 A CN201710428728 A CN 201710428728A CN 107809105 A CN107809105 A CN 107809105A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
- H02H7/261—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations
- H02H7/262—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations involving transmissions of switching or blocking orders
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of feeder line sectionalised protection system based on Zigbee network communication, several groups of fault detectors are installed on power distribution network feeder line, monitor the electric parameter such as voltage, electric current, residual voltage and zero-sequence current on circuit in real time.When being broken down on circuit, fault detector judges whether circuit breaks down and the type of failure according to voltage, the current value adjusted in advance.Meanwhile signal is sent by ZigBee-network to neighbouring fault detector by signal projector, between fault detector by data multilevel iudge failure whether on the feeder line between two fault detectors.If failure, between two fault detectors, fault detector sends trip signal to the protective relaying device of this section, faulty line is disconnected；No person, block signal is sent to protective relaying device, prevent that protective relaying device from bypassing the immediate leadership tripping operation, to reduce power failure range.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to distribution protection technical field, in particular it relates to a kind of feeder line based on Zigbee network communication
Sectionalised protection system.
Background technology
(1) traditional distribution protection mode
Three-stage protection applies in general to that circuit is shorter, the fairly simple feeder line of electric network composition.If circuit is longer,
Line end short circuit current and will be substantially less that the short circuit current of head end, even close to the maximum load current on circuit
's.Current quick, time limit current quick break protection and time delay over-current protection are all due to that electric current increases to over startup electricity
The electric current for flowing and acting, fast tripping protection are adjusted according to this line end maximum short circuit current is escaped, time limit current quick break protection
Action current is adjusted according to the adjacent current quick of next stage circuit is escaped, depending on time-lag over-current protection be according to hiding
This circuit maximum load current is crossed to adjust.Coordinate between each protection it is more complicated, calculate it is cumbersome；And system is short
Road electric current is influenceed very greatly by its method of operation, and the action current setting valve of protection can deviate from actual value, causes the malfunction of protection
Or tripping.
With the development of supply load, the structure of power distribution network becomes increasingly complex, and supply line is increasingly longer, point on bus
Branch line is more and more, and protection seting value calculates can be more and more cumbersome, it is ensured that the superior and the subordinate of protection coordinate more and more difficult.Tradition
Under protection, it is difficult to ensure that the isolated fault in minimum zone, ensure the normal power supply of distribution network line.
(2) traditional protecting electrical power system communication mode
The relatively common communication technology has two kinds in protecting electrical power system：DLC communication, GPRS communications.
1) DLC communication
It is modulated signals on high-frequency carrier signal, is transmitted by built distribution wire.Distribution line carrier
The carrier frequency of communication is generally 5~40kHz, amplitude modulation(PAM), single sideband modulation, frequency can be used to adjust the modulation for transmitting information
System or frequency shift keying etc..DLC communication can be entirely Utilities Electric Co.'s control, be easy to manage, and can connect main website needs
Any communication node of monitoring.But during using DLC communication networking, there is also following technical problem：
1. with the action of block switch, interconnection switch and branch switch on feeder line, line construction will change, and may cause
Communication disruption, influence the signal communication between fault detector.
, may serious shadow when larger fluctuation occurs in line load 2. signal is vulnerable to the influence of line load
The communication quality of signal is rung, or even causes the decay of signal.
2) GPRS communicates
The abbreviation of general packet radio service technology (General Packet Radio Service), it is GSM movements
A kind of available mobile data services of telephone subscriber.Because GPRS communications are wireless communication technologys, not by circuit running situation
Influence, and signal stabilization, transmission speed is fast farther out for transmitting range, extensively should have in ultra-high-tension power transmission line and high voltage substation
With.But the communication equipment that GPRS communications need is more, it is necessary to pay communication cost to commmunication company, maintenance cost is higher.Match somebody with somebody
Electric network composition is more complicated, needs the trouble point detected relatively more on circuit, if communicated using GPRS, electric power can be significantly increased
Company's operational management cost.
ZigBee communication technology is released and has reached its maturity and be used widely in industrial automation so far.But
So far do not have and ZigBee communication technology is applied in protecting electrical power system.This aspect is because of people to distribution protection
Pay attention to not enough, adhering to using traditional three-stage protection, causing distribution network failure rate to remain high, power outage takes place frequently；It is another
Aspect ZigBee communication is unfavorable for the protection information communication of long distance transmission line apart from limited, in grid to adopt more
Use fiber optic communication.
However, ZigBee communication is highly suitable for using in distribution protection.
1.ZigBee communications scopes are typically in the range of between 10~100m, after transmission power is increased, also rise to 1
~3km.This refers to the distance between adjacent node.If by routeing and the relay of inter-node communication, transmission range can be with
It is farther.General shorter, several fault detector can monitoring wire total lengths for being assembled with ZigBee communication module of distribution line.
2.ZigBee communication power consumptions are smaller, and 2 No. 5 dry cells of section can support 1 node to work 6~24 months, or even longer.
This is ZigBee outstanding advantage, and can be charged using the electric energy of distribution line, does not influence the quality of power supply.
3. low cost.By significantly simplifying agreement (less than the 1/10 of bluetooth), the requirement to communication controler is reduced, is pressed
Forecast analysis, is calculated with 8,051 8 8-digit microcontrollers, and Full Featured host node needs 32KB codes, subfunction node as little as 4KB
Code, and ZigBee exempts from agreement patent fee.The price of every piece of chip is about 2 dollars.
4. short time-delay.ZigBee response speed is very fast, and being typically transferred to working condition from sleep only needs 15ms, node connection
30ms is only needed into network, further saves electric energy.Compare, bluetooth needs 3~10s, WiFi to need 3s.
5. high power capacity.ZigBee can use starlike, sheet and mesh network topology, and some sub- sections are managed by a host node
Point, most host nodes can manage 254 child nodes；Host node can also at most may be used by last layer network node control simultaneously
Form the big net of 65000 nodes.
6. high safety.ZigBee provides three-level safe mode, including without security settings, use access control inventory
(Access Control List, ACL) prevents illegal acquisition data and using the symmetrical of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES 128)
Password, flexibly to determine its security attribute.
7. unlicensed band.Using industrial scientific medical (ISM) frequency range, 915MHz (U.S.), 868MHz (Europe), 2.
4GHz (whole world).
The purpose of the present invention is to realize cooperation between distribution protection by ZigBee communication technology, find in time therefore
Barrier, faulty line is disconnected in most short scope, ensure circuit normal power supply；Simplify operating time of protection, the meter of action current
Calculation process, and securely and reliably, and zigbee communications are not take up commercial frequency range, and Distribution Network Communication maintenance cost is greatly reduced.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the present invention in view of the above-mentioned problems, propose the feeder line sectionalised protection system based on Zigbee network communication
System, solve identification, the isolation of power distribution network feeder line failure, realize the cooperation of feeder line the superior and the subordinate protection, realize feeder line
Sectionalised protection, reduce the power failure range of circuit, solve traditional three-stage protection and calculate cumbersome, cooperation difficulty between protection, and
The drawbacks of being difficult to protect the total length of feeder line.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：Feeder line based on Zigbee network communication, which is segmented, to be protected
Protecting system, mainly include：
Multigroup fault detector and protective relaying device are installed on distribution network line, the fault detector and relay are protected
Protection unit is arranged at the block switch of distribution network line；
The fault detector includes ZigBee module and signal projector；ZigBee module at the block switch it
Intercommunication forms ZigBee sensing networks；
Fault detector monitors electric parameter on distribution network line in real time, and when distribution network line breaks down, failure is visited
Device is surveyed according to the magnitude of voltage and current value adjusted in advance, judges whether circuit breaks down and the type of failure judgement, meanwhile, it is logical
Cross signal projector and signal is sent by ZigBee module to neighbouring fault detector, pass through data ratio between fault detector
Compared with failure judgement whether on the feeder line between two fault detectors, if failure between two fault detectors,
Then fault detector sends trip signal to the protective relaying device of this section, disconnects faulty line；Otherwise, filled to relay protection
Put and send block signal, prevent that protective relaying device from bypassing the immediate leadership tripping operation, reduce power failure range.
Further, the ZigBee module XBee PRO S2B modules；
The fault detector monitors electric parameter on distribution network line in real time, specifically includes monitoring voltage, electric current, zero sequence
Voltage and zero-sequence current electric parameter.
Further, the fault detector is feeder terminal unit FTU.
Further, the ZigBee sensing networks use what is set up by telegon and router using Mesh network structure
ZigBee sensing networks.
The method that phase fault is detected based on said system segmented,
Comprise the following steps：
Step 1：Starting protection, feeder terminal unit FTU detection line signals；
Step 2：If detecting, there is overcurrent in circuit, judges whether to meet phase fault criterion, if it is
Step 4 is performed, otherwise, is judged as non-phase fault, performs step 3；
Step 3：If being judged as non-phase fault, return to step 1；
Step 4：Signal is sent to next stage feeder terminal unit FTU, next stage FTU feeds back this node electric information；
Step 5：Judge whether current break is more than setting valve at next stage FTU, if it is, trouble point is not in this section of line
Road, protection equipment are temporarily failure to actuate, return to step 1, if it is not, then trouble point in this section of circuit, then performs step 6；
Step 6：FTU sends signal reports trouble point to main website；
Circuit both ends FTU after protection equipment to each sending trip signal；Circuit；Both ends circuit breaker trip, isolated fault
Circuit；
Circuit head end FTU sends block signal to upper level circuit, prevents mistrip；
Step 7：Terminate.
The method that segmented detects heavy current grounding system single phase grounding fault, comprises the following steps：
Step 1：Starting protection；
Step 2：FTU detects circuit zero-sequence current, if zero-sequence current occurs in circuit, judges that the zero-sequence current duration is
It is no to meet condition, if be unsatisfactory for, step 2 is continued executing with, step 3 is performed if meeting；
Step 3：Signal is sent to next stage FTU, next stage FTU feeds back this electric information, judges at next stage FTU
Whether zero-sequence current is more than setting valve, if it is, trouble point is not failure to actuate temporarily in this section of circuit, protection equipment, continues to hold
Row step 2, if not, performing step 4；
Step 4：Trouble point performs step 5 on this section of circuit；
Step 5：FTU sends signal reports trouble point to main website；
Circuit both ends FTU after protection equipment to each sending trip signal；Circuit:Both ends circuit breaker trip, isolated fault
Circuit；
Circuit head end FTU sends block signal to upper level circuit, prevents mistrip；
Step 6：Terminate.
The method that segmented detects small current neutral grounding system single phase grounding fault
Comprise the following steps：
Step 1：Starting protection；
Step 2：FTU detects circuit zero-sequence current, if zero-sequence current occurs in circuit, judges first half-wave zero sequence electricity
Stream, residual voltage polarity whether on the contrary, if it is perform step 3, otherwise continue executing with step 2；
Step 3：Signal is sent to next stage FTU, next stage FTU feeds back this electric information, judges at next stage FTU
Whether in trouble point downstream, if it is, performing step 4, otherwise, trouble point is not temporarily motionless in this section of circuit, protection equipment
Make, return to step 2；
Step 4：It is judged as trouble point in this section of circuit, execution step 5；
Step 5：FTU sends signal reports trouble point to main website；
Circuit both ends FTU after protection equipment to each sending trip signal；Circuit；Both ends circuit breaker trip, isolated fault
Circuit；
Circuit head end FTU sends block signal to upper level circuit, prevents mistrip；
Step 6：Terminate.
The feeder line sectionalised protection system based on Zigbee network communication of various embodiments of the present invention, in power distribution network feeder line
Several groups of fault detectors of upper installing, the electric parameter such as voltage, electric current, residual voltage and zero-sequence current on circuit is monitored in real time.When
When being broken down on circuit, fault detector according to voltage, the current value adjusted in advance, judge circuit whether break down and
The type of failure.Meanwhile ZigBee network emitted signals, failure are passed through to neighbouring fault detector by signal projector
Between detector by data multilevel iudge failure whether on the feeder line between two fault detectors.If failure exists
Between two fault detectors, then fault detector sends trip signal to the protective relaying device of this section, disconnects fault wire
Road；No person, block signal is sent to protective relaying device, prevent that protective relaying device from bypassing the immediate leadership tripping operation, to reduce power failure range.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be illustrated in the following description, also, partly becomes from specification
Obtain it is clear that or being understood by implementing the present invention.
Below by drawings and examples, technical scheme is described in further detail.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing is used for providing a further understanding of the present invention, and a part for constitution instruction, the reality with the present invention
Apply example to be used to explain the present invention together, be not construed as limiting the invention.In the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is the structure principle chart of system described in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the network structure of the ZigBee sensing networks described in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the Mesh network structure chart described in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is that the segmented described in the embodiment of the present invention detects phase fault method flow diagram；
Fig. 5 is that the segmented described in the embodiment of the present invention detects small resistance grounding system single phase grounding fault method stream
Cheng Tu；
Fig. 6 is the segmented protection detection small current neutral grounding system single phase grounding fault stream described in the embodiment of the present invention
Cheng Tu；
Fig. 7 is the three-stage overcurrent protection schematic diagram described in the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
The preferred embodiments of the present invention are illustrated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, it will be appreciated that described herein preferred real
Apply example to be merely to illustrate and explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
Present invention aim to address the identification of power distribution network feeder line failure, isolation, realizes that feeder line the superior and the subordinate are protected
The cooperation of shield, realize the sectionalised protection of feeder line, reduce the power failure range of circuit, solve traditional three-stage protection calculate it is cumbersome,
The drawbacks of coordinating difficulty between protection, and being difficult to protect the total length of feeder line.
In addition, conventional transmission lines road protection communication mode is such as：Distribution line carrier communication, GPRS communications have drawback.Match somebody with somebody
Electric line carrier communication is easily influenceed by line switching equipment, and signal attenuation is larger；GPRS communication equipments acquisition expenses and dimension
Shield is higher, and takes business frequency range, periodically pays the communication cost of great number；These features it is unfavorable its in big in distribution protection
Scale is promoted the use of.
Traditional distribution protection means are three-stage overcurrent protection, it is not necessary to increase communication network and smart machine,
Such as：Fault detector, it is built and maintenance cost is relatively low, but adaptive setting is complicated, is had a great influence by the circuit method of operation.
Three-stage overcurrent protection includes：Current quick, time limit fast tripping protection and time delay over-current protection；
Wherein, current quick, time limit current quick are the main protections of circuit, after Timed over-current protection is as circuit
It is standby.It following is a brief introduction of following three-stage protection adaptive setting principle.
(1) current quick
1) action current is adjusted：To ensure the selectivity of fast tripping protection, as shown in fig. 7, action current at protection 1
It has to be larger than 2 bus B at protection and be in the three short circuit current under maximum operational mode
Ik B max, as shown in formula (1)：
E：Supply voltage；
Zmin：Under maximum operational mode, three-phase shortcircuit impedance at bus B at protection 2, now short-circuit impedance is minimum；
ZL：Bus B is protected at 2 to the three-phase shortcircuit impedance of mains side.
The general value of action current：
Iset=KrelIk max (2)
Krel：Safety factor, consider the influence for dividing periodic component, the actual value of short circuit current is likely larger than calculated value, and protects
Stay certain nargin, general value 1.2~1.3.
2) verification of protection domain：It is short more than relay primary side action current after the action current of known protection
Short dot region corresponding to the electric current of road, is exactly protection domain.Protection domain becomes with the method for operation, the fault type change of power network
Change, Minimal Protective scope is that system occurs under minimum operational mode during line to line fault.Generally, come by the method for operation
Verify Minimal Protective scope, it is desirable to more than the 15%~20% of protection total length.It is calculated as shown in formula (3).
Ik min:Short circuit current under minimum operational mode；
Zmax：Short-circuit impedance on minimum operational mode Down Highway, now short-circuit impedance is maximum；
Z1：The positive sequence impedance of unit length on feeder line.
3) guard time is adjusted：
The actuation time of current quick depends on the intrinsic time of relay in itself, generally less than 10ms, to escape
It is the lightning arrester discharge time, general to install the auxiliary reclay that an actuation time is 60ms~80ms additional.
The instantaneous fast tripping protection advantage of electric current is：It is simple and reliable, it is swift in motion；Shortcoming is：Influenceed very by system operation mode
Greatly, it is impossible to protection circuit total length, and protection domain fluctuation is larger.
(2) time limit current quick
Because current quick is unable to protection circuit total length, so one section of action protection with the time limit is added, to cut
Failure in addition to current quick, i.e. time limit current quick break protection.
1) action current
Such as Fig. 7, in order to ensure the selectivity of protection, and it is capable of the total length of protection circuit, the time limit current quick-breaking in protection 1
The action current of protectionThe action current being greater than on 2 current quicks of protectionI.e.：
Krel2For coefficient of reliability, general value 1.1~1.2.
2) selection of operation time limit
Such as Fig. 7, in order that time limit current protection the superior and the subordinate cooperate, the phenomenon for bypassing the immediate leadership and jumping and pounding is occurred without, is protected at 1
Time-limit quick break protection operation time limitIt is greater than the operation time limit of current quick at protection 2Its specific time limit is really
It is fixed, to consider that jumping onto subordinate protects the delay of lock actuation time, quenching time, the error of setting time and measurement original paper etc. all
More factors.
3) sensitivity check
For the total length of protection circuit, time-limit quick break protection must be under this circuit minimum operational mode, in line end
During generation line to line fault, there is enough responds, generally by sensitivity coefficient KrenTo weigh：
Calculating process is more complicated, the present invention relates to less, does not elaborate.
(3) time delay over-current is protected
Remote back-up protection when time delay over-current protection is generally as next stage circuit main protection and breaker tripping, simultaneously
And this circuit main protection tripping when nearly back-up protection.Adjusted generally according to this circuit maximum load current is escaped.Will
The drop-off to pick-up radio of consideration action, coefficient of reliability, according to selectivity requirement operation time limit is adjusted, and verify sensitivity coefficient, count
Calculation process is cumbersome, and is easy to deviation occur, and setting valve has larger discrepancy with actual value.
At present, the power distribution network in China is all single supply power supply, and relative complex power distribution network wiring is also closed loop configuration, open loop
Operation, typically only need to consider influence of the single-side power to electric current.So by current quick, time limit current quick break protection
Three-stage retribution with time delay over-current protection composition is with than wide.
(1) traditional distribution protection mode
By analysis above, three-stage protection applies in general to that circuit is shorter, the fairly simple feedback of electric network composition
Electric line.If circuit is longer, line end short circuit current and will be substantially less that the short circuit current of head end, even close to line
Maximum load current on road.Current quick, time limit current quick break protection and time delay over-current protection are all due to
The electric current that electric current increases to over starting current and acted, fast tripping protection are next whole according to this line end maximum short circuit current is escaped
Fixed, time limit current quick break protection action current is adjusted according to the adjacent current quick of next stage circuit is escaped, and timing
Limit overcurrent protection is adjusted according to this circuit maximum load current is escaped.Coordinate between each protection it is more complicated,
Calculate cumbersome；And the short circuit current of system is influenceed very greatly by its method of operation, the action current setting valve of protection can deviate from
Actual value, cause the malfunction or tripping of protection.
With the development of supply load, the structure of power distribution network becomes increasingly complex, and supply line is increasingly longer, point on bus
Branch line is more and more, and protection seting value calculates can be more and more cumbersome, it is ensured that the superior and the subordinate of protection coordinate more and more difficult.Tradition
Under protection, it is difficult to ensure that the isolated fault in minimum zone, ensure the normal power supply of distribution network line.
(2) traditional protecting electrical power system communication mode
The relatively common communication technology has two kinds in protecting electrical power system：DLC communication, GPRS communications.
1) DLC communication
It is modulated signals on high-frequency carrier signal, is transmitted by built distribution wire.Distribution line carrier
The carrier frequency of communication is generally 5~40kHz, amplitude modulation(PAM), single sideband modulation, frequency can be used to adjust the modulation for transmitting information
System or frequency shift keying etc..DLC communication can be entirely Utilities Electric Co.'s control, be easy to manage, and can connect main website needs
Any communication node of monitoring.But during using DLC communication networking, there is also following technical problem：
1. with the action of block switch, interconnection switch and branch switch on feeder line, line construction will change, and may cause
Communication disruption, influence the signal communication between fault detector.
, may serious shadow when larger fluctuation occurs in line load 2. signal is vulnerable to the influence of line load
The communication quality of signal is rung, or even causes the decay of signal.
2) GPRS communicates
The abbreviation of general packet radio service technology (General Packet Radio Service), it is GSM movements
A kind of available mobile data services of telephone subscriber.Because GPRS communications are wireless communication technologys, not by circuit running situation
Influence, and signal stabilization, transmission speed is fast farther out for transmitting range, extensively should have in ultra-high-tension power transmission line and high voltage substation
With.But the communication equipment that GPRS communications need is more, it is necessary to pay communication cost to commmunication company, maintenance cost is higher.Match somebody with somebody
Electric network composition is more complicated, needs the trouble point detected relatively more on circuit, if communicated using GPRS, electric power can be significantly increased
Company's operational management cost.
ZigBee communication technology is released and has reached its maturity and be used widely in industrial automation so far.But
So far do not have and ZigBee communication technology is applied in protecting electrical power system.This aspect is because of people to distribution protection
Pay attention to not enough, adhering to using traditional three-stage protection, causing distribution network failure rate to remain high, power outage takes place frequently；It is another
Aspect ZigBee communication is unfavorable for the protection information communication of long distance transmission line apart from limited, in grid to adopt more
Use fiber optic communication.
However, ZigBee communication is highly suitable for using in distribution protection.
1.ZigBee communications scopes are typically in the range of between 10~100m, after transmission power is increased, also rise to 1
~3km.This refers to the distance between adjacent node.If by routeing and the relay of inter-node communication, transmission range can be with
It is farther.General shorter, several fault detector can monitoring wire total lengths for being assembled with ZigBee communication module of distribution line.
2.ZigBee communication power consumptions are smaller, and 2 No. 5 dry cells of section can support 1 node to work 6~24 months, or even longer.
This is ZigBee outstanding advantage, and can be charged using the electric energy of distribution line, does not influence the quality of power supply.
3. low cost.By significantly simplifying agreement (less than the 1/10 of bluetooth), the requirement to communication controler is reduced, is pressed
Forecast analysis, is calculated with 8,051 8 8-digit microcontrollers, and Full Featured host node needs 32KB codes, subfunction node as little as 4KB
Code, and ZigBee exempts from agreement patent fee.The price of every piece of chip is about 2 dollars.
4. short time-delay.ZigBee response speed is very fast, and being typically transferred to working condition from sleep only needs 15ms, node connection
30ms is only needed into network, further saves electric energy.Compare, bluetooth needs 3~10s, WiFi to need 3s.
5. high power capacity.ZigBee can use starlike, sheet and mesh network topology, and some sub- sections are managed by a host node
Point, most host nodes can manage 254 child nodes；Host node can also at most may be used by last layer network node control simultaneously
Form the big net of 65000 nodes.
6. high safety.ZigBee provides three-level safe mode, including without security settings, use access control inventory
(Access Control List, ACL) prevents illegal acquisition data and using the symmetrical of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES 128)
Password, flexibly to determine its security attribute.
7. unlicensed band.Using industrial scientific medical (ISM) frequency range, 915MHz (U.S.), 868MHz (Europe), 2.
4GHz (whole world).
The purpose of the present invention is to realize cooperation between distribution protection by ZigBee communication technology, find in time therefore
Barrier, faulty line is disconnected in most short scope, ensure circuit normal power supply；Simplify operating time of protection, the meter of action current
Calculation process, and securely and reliably, and zigbee communications are not take up commercial frequency range, and Distribution Network Communication maintenance cost is greatly reduced.
China's distribution network line mode of connection is more numerous and diverse, but basic characteristics are all by unilateral bussed supply, in order to increase
Add power supply reliability, add stand-by power supply；Although foring looped network, still powered under normal circumstances by single busbar, closed loop configuration
Open loop operation, when side bus-bar fault, trouble power inlet wire is disconnected, there is another way bussed supply.In analysis power distribution network feed
During line fault, it is only necessary to consider the situation of unilateral bussed supply.Meanwhile select new Distribution Network Communication mode：ZigBee leads to
Believe networking, the networking between feeder line smart machine, AC fault information, realize the identification and isolation of failure.
Different according to the type of failure, protection act mechanism is otherwise varied, is specifically segmented into two classes：Phase fault
Protection act principle, single-phase grounding fault protection act principle.
(1) phase fault protection act principle
In the case of unilateral bussed supply, if line to line fault, two-phase grounding fault and three-phase shortcircuit occur on circuit
During failure, trouble point upstream, the short circuit current flowed through close to mains side circuit is bigger, is several times even tens of rated current
Times；And in the downstream of trouble point, the line current away from mains side is smaller, and curent change is also smaller.By comparing both ends failure
Current value on detector, it is possible to which whether failure judgement point is on the circuit between two fault detectors.
1) because the operating current of circuit is had a great influence by the method for operation of system, traditional detection method needs setting volume
Determine current value, adjust the action current of protection device item by item.The present invention is by detecting electric current on circuit, the change of voltage judges
Circuit whether failure.Under normal work, line current I, the real-time current that failure detector detects is I*。
Make curent change Δ I=I*-I
When Δ I is more than certain setting valve, it is possible to judge circuit outlet short circuit current, the setting valve can be specified with line taking road
Several times of electric current, or even tens times, depending on line load situation, typically take between 300~500A.
Breakdown judge criterion 1：Δ I=I*- I ＞ setting valves (1)
In the case of in view of motor device cold start-up, excitation surge current and thunderbolt on circuit, outlet is understood in short-term on circuit
Between overcurrent.Protection adds voltage change and the further decision condition of duration.When phase fault occurs, the portion of circuit
Divide line voltage meeting rapid drawdown between two-phase or three-phase even to disappear, detect line voltage U*Less than or equal to rated line voltage U's
50%, and judge one of short trouble criterion, i.e.,：
Failure criterion 2：U*≤ 50%U (2)
The current break time is more than setting time, and setting valve typically takes 60ms~1s, it is possible to which thinking circuit, there occurs non-
Instantaneous short-circuit failure, i.e.,：
Failure criterion 3：Current break time t>Setting time tD (3)
When fault detector detects this place electric parameter while meets following condition：
Δ I=I*- I ＞ setting valves, U*≤ 50%U, current break time t ＞ setting time；Then illustrate that there occurs alternate for circuit
Short trouble, and monitoring point, in the upstream of failure, fault detector is transported downstream by ZigBee-network and sends signal, drives downstream
Fault-finding feedback data.If the current break value Δ I of downstream line is smaller, this explanation short dot is in this line fail detection
Between device monitoring point, protective relaying device tripping operation on two fault detectors is driven, while locking is sent to other protection devices
Signal, prevent circuit mistrip.If in the data of downstream feedback, Δ I=I*- I ＞ setting valves, illustrate trouble point still in circuit
Downstream, not on this section of circuit, protective relaying device is not jumped.Action flow chart is as shown in Figure 4.
(2) judgement of single phase grounding fault
By the difference of the mode of connection of power distribution network, the electric characteristic of singlephase earth fault has significant difference.During power distribution network is pressed
Property point earthing mode difference can be divided into：Heavy current grounding system, small current neutral grounding system.
1) heavy current grounding system, it is main to include two kinds：Neutral-point solid ground, Neutral Point Through Low Resistance, also known as
For effective grounding.High-tension line uses neutral-point solid ground more, and high current wiring system is typically using through small electricity in power distribution network
Resistance ground connection.
The single-phase grounding fault electric current of small resistance grounding system is unstable, and numerical value is sometimes close to the specified electricity of circuit
Stream, it is unfavorable for fault monitor and screens line fault section.Therefore, method of the present invention using detection zero-sequence current
In order to detect the zero-sequence current of circuit, zero sequence current mutual inductor need to be installed additional, filled with fault detector and relay protection
Put and be used cooperatively.The earth fault FPI of integrated special detection zero-sequence current can also be used.Zero-sequence current detection setting valve can
It is selected between 20A~50A.The duration presented hereinbefore is introduced as additional criteria simultaneously.Single-phase earthing fault criterion is：
I0：The zero-sequence current monitored in real time, ID：Zero sequence current setting value,
Δt：Zero-sequence current is mutated duration, tD：Zero-sequence current mutation time setting valve, 60ms~1s.
When fault detector detects this place electric parameter above criterion (4)；Then illustrate circuit there occurs single-phase short circuit to connect
Earth fault, and monitoring point, in the upstream of failure, fault detector is transported downstream by ZigBee-network and sends signal, the event of driving downstream
Barrier detection feedback data.If the zero-sequence current I of downstream line0Smaller, this explanation short dot is supervised in this line fault detector
Between measuring point, protective relaying device tripping operation on two fault detectors is driven, while block signal is sent to other protection devices,
Prevent circuit mistrip.If in the data of downstream feedback, zero-sequence current illustrates trouble point still in circuit still greater than setting valve
Downstream, not on this section of circuit, protective relaying device is not jumped.Action flow chart is as shown in Figure 5.
2) small current neutral grounding system, including isolated neutral, through grounding through arc, also known as non-effective earthing.Match somebody with somebody
Power network uses through grounding through arc (resonance grounding) more.Due to the compensating action by arc suppression coil electric current, resonance grounding system
When single-phase short circuit ground connection occurs for system, short circuit current short circuit current is smaller, is not easy to be identified；But the voltage-to-ground of non-faulting phase
It can raise, interrupted electric arc can produce arc overvoltage, and longtime running can damage the insulating properties of equipment, or even trigger serious phase
Between short trouble.Therefore, faulty line should be cut off as early as possible.
Small current neutral grounding system, when single phase grounding fault occurs, in trouble point, the zero-sequence current of upstream and downstream is all
It is smaller.But in the upstream of trouble point, residual voltage, the zero-sequence current polarity in the cycle of first half-wave are opposite；
In the downstream of trouble point, residual voltage, the zero-sequence current polarity in the cycle of first half-wave are identicals.Zero sequence can be passed through
Voltage and zero sequence current mutual inductor, the residual voltage electric current of real-time monitoring circuit.If there is zero-sequence current in circuit, and first
In the individual cycle, residual voltage, zero-sequence current opposite polarity, then it is assumed that fault detector monitoring point is in trouble point upstream, downstream
Fault detector sends signal feedback data, if downstream residual voltage, zero-sequence current are identical in first half-wave polarity, just
Trouble point be can be determined that between two fault detectors, fault detector, which sends signal, makes relay equipment tripping operation isolated fault.
Action flow chart is as shown in Figure 6.
3rd, ZigBee communication network
ZigBee is the low-power consumption LAN protocol based on IEEE802.15.4 standards.ZigBee technology is a kind of short distance
From the wireless communication technology of, low-power consumption.This title (also known as ZigBee protocol) is waved from eight words of honeybee, due to honeybee
(bee) be by circle in the air and " drone " (zig) shake wing " dancing " come with companion transmit pollen where azimuth information, also
It is to say that mode as honeybee dependence constitutes the communication network in colony.In brief, ZigBee is exactly a kind of cheap, low
The near radio networking mechanics of communication of power consumption.ZigBee is a kind of wireless network protocol of low speed short-distance transmission.ZigBee
Agreement is respectively physical layer (PHY), MAC layer (MAC), transport layer (TL), Internet (NWK), application from top to bottom
Layer (APL) etc..Wherein physical layer and MAC layer follow the regulation of IEEE 802.15.4 standards.
(1) networking mode
Self-organization network mode used by ZigBee technology.The failure that each is equipped with ZigBee module on distribution network line
Detector is all the node of communication network, as long as they to each other in the communication range of mixed-media network modules mixed-media, pass through automatic seeking each other
Look for, a ZigBee-network to interconnect can be formed soon.
Distribution line typically uses multi-sectioned and multi-linked network, for isolated fault circuit.By protective relaying device, carry
The fault detector of ZigBee module is installed at block switch, and the distance of each block switch is usually no more than 1km, is ensured
ZigBee signals are unobstructed, can be transmitted in time between fault detector and feedback signal.
(2) ZigBee module
The XBee PRO S2B modules (hereinafter referred to as XBee modules) that ZigBee module is produced using DIGI companies,
The protocol stacks of ZigBee 2007 built in XBee modules, it has the certification in every country area, abroad using very extensive, bag
Include the fields such as smart home, remote control, radio meter register, radio detection and asset management.5 kinds of power modes built in XBee,
It is 10mW, 18mW, 25mW, 48mW and 63mW respectively.In addition, XBee modules also support dormancy, the power consumption of park mode lower module
Very low, XBee detail parameters are referring to table 1.
The detail parameters of the XBee PRO S2B modules of table 1
(3) network structure of ZigBee sensing networks
The network structure of ZigBee sensing networks is as shown in Figure 2.ZigBee sensing networks use Mesh mesh network topologys,
Mesh network structure may be such that ZigBee Sensor Networks have very high communication reliability.
From the point of view of the installation site of slave unit, ZigBee sensing networks are centered on ICU, and FPI is gradually outside along feeder line
Distribution, the approximate physical topological structure of network is in star-like, but network can not use hub-and-spoke configuration networking, because star topology knot
The communication reliability of structure is poor.
The Mesh mesh network topologys that ZigBee sensing networks use are a kind of reciprocity network topology structures, are had more
The characteristics such as jump, self-organizing.Such as shown in Fig. 3, one is set up using Mesh network structure by telegon and router in figure
ZigBee sensing networks, network is started by telegon after electricity on all nodes, in network each node can automatically select and its
A closest communication node establishes communication link, as shown in solid black lines in figure.In addition to practical communication link, often
Individual node be also equipped with communicating with the range of arbitrary node establish the ability of communication connection, this link is referred to as reserve link,
As shown in phantom in FIG..Physical link and reserve link are woven into one and thrown the net in Mesh network, therefore Mesh network is also known as net
Shape network.
ZigBee sensing networks have two outstanding advantages using the networking of Mesh network structure：
(1) self-organizing, networking are convenient.Mesh network structure is really a kind of communication protocol, using the communication protocol
ZigBee module can automatically select father node so as to add network.The agreement can enable ZigBee sensing networks set up automatically,
It is very convenient without the relationship between superior and subordinate of human configuration communication node, networking.
(2) network has the ability that dynamic adjusts network structure, can improve the communication reliability of network.Each saved in network
Point all has a practical communication link and at least one reserve link.When network structure changes, Mesh network can be with
Enter Mobile state adjustment, node can select reserve link as communication link.Such as No. 2 routers in Fig. 3 hinder exit for some reason
After network, its sub- No. 4 and No. 5 router of equipment can be attached with No. 1 and No. 3 routers respectively using reserve link, from
And ensure the proper communication of network.
XBee the modules built-in newest protocol stacks of ZigBee 2007, the agreement support Mesh mesh network topologys, when
Fault detector work on power after by the automatic ZigBee sensing networks set up into Mesh mesh network topologys.
4th, fault detector
At present, in the market is feeder terminal unit FTU using more fault detector.
Feeder terminal unit abbreviation FTU (Feeder terminal unit), on 10kV feeder lines, on post
Switch and circuit are monitored, and complete remote measurement, remote control, remote signalling, fault detection capability, and are communicated with power distribution automation main station, are carried
Power supply-distribution system running situation and various parameters are monitoring and controlling information needed, including on off state, electrical energy parameter, it is alternate therefore
Parameter when barrier, earth fault and failure, and the order that distribution main website issues is performed, controller switching equipment is adjusted and controlled
System, realizes fault location, Fault Isolation and non-faulting region fast recovery of power supply function.
The present invention principle be：By zigbee network on power distribution network feeder line, voltage, electricity on circuit are monitored in real time
The electric parameters such as stream, residual voltage and zero-sequence current.When being broken down on circuit, fault detector is according to the electricity adjusted in advance
Pressure, current value, judge whether circuit breaks down and the type of failure.Meanwhile by signal projector to neighbouring failure
Whether detector sends signal by ZigBee-network, by data multilevel iudge failure in two failures between fault detector
On feeder line between detector.If failure between two fault detectors, fault detector to this section after
Electrical protective device sends trip signal, disconnects faulty line；No person, block signal is sent to protective relaying device, prevents relay
Protection device is bypassed the immediate leadership tripping operation, to reduce power failure range.Its structure principle chart is as shown in Figure 1.
FTU is mounted in the intelligent terminal on switchgear house or feeder line.It can communicate with electronic station with a distant place, will
The service data of controller switching equipment is sent to electronic station, can also receive the control command with electronic station, and controller switching equipment is carried out
Control and regulation.FTU can use High Performance SCM to manufacture, and in order to adapt to rugged environment, should select that 75 DEG C can be operated in
ZigBee chips, and lightning protection, rain-proof, protection against the tide are allowed to by appropriate structure design.
Following beneficial effect can at least be reached：Solve identification, the isolation of power distribution network feeder line failure, realize feed line
The cooperation of road the superior and the subordinate protection, realizes the sectionalised protection of feeder line, reduces the power failure range of circuit, solve traditional three-stage protection
The drawbacks of calculating cumbersome, cooperation difficulty between protection, and being difficult to protect the total length of feeder line.
Finally it should be noted that：The preferred embodiments of the present invention are the foregoing is only, are not intended to limit the invention,
Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, it still may be used
To be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitution is carried out to which part technical characteristic.
Within the spirit and principles of the invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., it should be included in the present invention's
Within protection domain.
Claims (7)
1. the feeder line sectionalised protection system based on Zigbee network communication, it is characterised in that installed on distribution network line multigroup
Fault detector and protective relaying device, the fault detector and protective relaying device are arranged at the segmentation of distribution network line
At switch；
The fault detector includes ZigBee module and signal projector；Phase between ZigBee module at the block switch
Mutual communication forms ZigBee sensing networks；
Fault detector monitors electric parameter on distribution network line in real time, when distribution network line breaks down, fault detector
According to the magnitude of voltage and current value adjusted in advance, judge whether circuit breaks down and the type of failure judgement, meanwhile, pass through letter
Number transmitter sends signal to neighbouring fault detector by ZigBee module, is relatively sentenced by data between fault detector
Whether disconnected failure on the feeder line between two fault detectors, if failure between two fault detectors, therefore
Barrier detector sends trip signal to the protective relaying device of this section, disconnects faulty line；Otherwise, sent out to protective relaying device
Go out block signal, prevent that protective relaying device from bypassing the immediate leadership tripping operation, reduce power failure range.
2. the feeder line sectionalised protection system according to claim 1 based on Zigbee network communication, it is characterised in that described
ZigBee module XBee PRO S2B modules；
The fault detector monitors electric parameter on distribution network line in real time, specifically includes monitoring voltage, electric current, residual voltage
With zero-sequence current electric parameter.
3. the feeder line sectionalised protection system according to claim 2 based on Zigbee network communication, it is characterised in that described
Fault detector is feeder terminal unit FTU.
4. the feeder line sectionalised protection system based on Zigbee network communication according to claim any one of 1-3, its feature
It is, the ZigBee sensing networks use the ZigBee Sensor Networks for using Mesh network structure to set up by telegon and router
Network.
A kind of 5. method of the segmented detection phase fault based on system described in claim 4, it is characterised in that including
Following steps：
Step 1：Starting protection, feeder terminal unit FTU detection line signals；
Step 2：If detecting, there is overcurrent in circuit, judges whether to meet phase fault criterion, if it is performs
Step 4, otherwise, it is judged as non-phase fault, performs step 3；
Step 3：If being judged as non-phase fault, return to step 1；
Step 4：Signal is sent to next stage feeder terminal unit FTU, next stage FTU feeds back this node electric information；
Step 5：Judge whether current break is more than setting valve at next stage FTU, if it is, trouble point is in this section of circuit,
Protection equipment is temporarily failure to actuate, return to step 1, if it is not, then trouble point in this section of circuit, then performs step 6；
Step 6：FTU sends signal reports trouble point to main website；
Circuit both ends FTU after protection equipment to each sending trip signal；Circuit；Both ends circuit breaker trip, isolated fault circuit；
Circuit head end FTU sends block signal to upper level circuit, prevents mistrip；
Step 7：Terminate.
6. the method for the segmented detection small resistance grounding system single phase grounding fault based on system described in claim 4,
It is characterised in that it includes following steps：
Step 1：Starting protection；
Step 2：FTU detects circuit zero-sequence current, if zero-sequence current occurs in circuit, judges whether the zero-sequence current duration is full
Sufficient condition, if be unsatisfactory for, step 2 is continued executing with, step 3 is performed if meeting；
Step 3：Signal is sent to next stage FTU, next stage FTU feeds back this electric information, judges zero sequence electricity at next stage FTU
Whether stream is more than setting valve, if it is, trouble point is not failure to actuate temporarily in this section of circuit, protection equipment, continues executing with step
2, if not, performing step 4；
Step 4：Trouble point performs step 5 on this section of circuit；
Step 5：FTU sends signal reports trouble point to main website；
Circuit both ends FTU after protection equipment to each sending trip signal；Circuit:Both ends circuit breaker trip, isolated fault circuit；
Circuit head end FTU sends block signal to upper level circuit, prevents mistrip；
Step 6：Terminate.
7. the method for the segmented detection small current neutral grounding system single phase grounding fault based on system described in claim 4,
It is characterised in that it includes following steps：
Step 1：Starting protection；
Step 2：FTU detects circuit zero-sequence current, if zero-sequence current occurs in circuit, judges first half-wave zero-sequence current, zero
Sequence voltage polarity whether on the contrary, if it is perform step 3, otherwise continue executing with step 2；
Step 3：Send signal to next stage FTU, next stage FTU feeds back this electric information, judge at next stage FTU whether
Trouble point downstream, if it is, performing step 4, otherwise, trouble point is not failure to actuate temporarily in this section of circuit, protection equipment, is returned
Step 2；
Step 4：It is judged as trouble point in this section of circuit, execution step 5；
Step 5：FTU sends signal reports trouble point to main website；
Circuit both ends FTU after protection equipment to each sending trip signal；Circuit:Both ends circuit breaker trip, isolated fault circuit；
Circuit head end FTU sends block signal to upper level circuit, prevents mistrip；
Step 6：Terminate.
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| CN112039031A (en) * | 2019-06-03 | 2020-12-04 | 李景禄 | Differentiation processing and fault area isolation method for single-phase earth fault of power distribution network |
| CN112564056A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-03-26 | 深圳供电局有限公司 | High-temperature superconducting cable fault protection system |
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| CN116231597A (en) * | 2023-02-24 | 2023-06-06 | 中国电建集团北京勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Method for realizing relay protection blocking and preventing relay protection from refusing |
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| CN116488116A (en) * | 2023-03-06 | 2023-07-25 | 国网四川省电力公司技能培训中心 | 5G-based power distribution network feeder line fault collaborative isolation method, system and storage medium |
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