CN107807818A - A kind of multilayered model and its construction method towards SaaS multi-tenants - Google Patents
A kind of multilayered model and its construction method towards SaaS multi-tenants Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to software technology field, discloses a kind of multilayered model and its construction method towards SaaS multi-tenants, according to SaaS software product qualities, has been divided into seven different levels according to different granularities by SaaS softwares are top-down.Embody SaaS softwares multi-tenants, it is scalable, configurable the characteristics of；The color set of colored Petri network can represent different tenant requests, and object-oriented Petri net embodies the packaging effects of service, externally invisible, and interior details influence system operation.The thought of colored Petri network and Object-oriented Petri-net is used for reference respectively, Petri network is extended, it is proposed that CSOP and SOP net systems.The present invention provides the instrument of formalization for the modeling of SaaS softwares；Formalized model proposed by the present invention can be run in colored Petri network instrument, so as to simulate the operation of SaaS softwares, existing hidden danger when analysis system is run.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to software technology field, more particularly to a kind of multilayered model and its structure side towards SaaS multi-tenants
Method.
Background technology
SaaS is a kind of new software pattern of rising in recent years, is that software services (ServiceasaSoftware)
Referred to as.It has very big difference with traditional software pattern.SaaS patterns refer to be provided by software house network
The background work such as software service, the hardware and software platform for being totally responsible for safeguarding needed for software service, and user is then using the side of lease
Formula rents the software service that software service supplier provides, and uses these services by network.Mentioning SaaS people can think
To cloud computing (CloudComputing), the service provided has been divided into three levels by cloud computing：IaaS
(InfrastrucureasaService)、PaaS(PlatformasaService)、SaaS.And the SaaS that we frequently refer to,
SaaS actually in cloud computing.As most successful SaaS software suppliers Salesforce.com, its CRM (clients
Relation management) solution generates far-reaching influence to SaaS industries.Him is rented in the whole world more than 15000 many enterprises at present
Service.
SaaS not only changes the business model of traditional software, also changes the life cycle of traditional software.With traditional soft
Part is compared, and the most significant feature of SaaS softwares mainly has：Scalability (Saleable), multi-tenant architecture (Multi-Tenant)
With configurability (Configurable).Therefore the method for analysis conventional software and model are no longer desirable for SaaS.For convenience
SaaS points have been 4 grades according to the maturity of SaaS softwares by SaaS analysis, document：Customized development (repeatedly exploitation)；Can
Configure (primary development is repeatedly disposed)；Single example, multi-tenant (primary development is once disposed)；More examples, multi-tenant (scalable).
Each layer is on the basis of the requirement of preceding layer is met, then realizes the function of this layer.It describes SaaS software gradual perfections
Process.SaaS software product qualities are not only industry the recognized standard, a kind of specification more followed as SaaS exploitations.
Petri network is a kind of formal tool for describing software activity excessively, but basic petri net exists in face of complication system
The problem of State space explosion.Colored Petri network (ColoredPetriNets) is extended on the basis of basic petri net
, system mode is described using different colours collection.It can effectively folding system transition, compressive state space.SaaS softwares
Compared with traditional software, framework and running situation are sufficiently complex.Especially in SaaS softwares the characteristics of multi-tenant so that SaaS is soft
Part is difficult to describe.
Traditional method is syntagmatic of the SaaS software class than construction system, by the service that SaaS software descriptions are individual layer
Syntagmatic.It is described and analyzed with basic petri net.So analysis be actually analysis by Component composition into soft
The characteristics of running situation of part system, it is still traditional software, and SaaS softwares are configurable, scalable, multi-tenant is had no way of body
It is existing.If to reflect the running situation of multi-tenant by way of adding Petri network number.First, the number of transition increases,
So that the State space explosion of system, the analysis of model is had no way of doing it；Meanwhile the request of different tenants is described at multiple
The relation between multi-tenant can not be embodied in Petri network.
In summary, the problem of prior art is present be：Traditional software retractility is poor, without multi-tenant architecture and can match somebody with somebody
Putting property is low；And SaaS software product qualities are SaaS software industry important criterias, meanwhile, it is increasingly becoming exploitation SaaS institutes
The specification to be followed, prior art are not supported to the model, do not embody SaaS multi-tenants, scalable, configurable spy
Point；The especially framework and running situation of SaaS complex softwares so that conventional method faces huge challenge；SaaS softwares are stated
For the Services Composition relation of individual layer, it is described and analyzed with basic petri net, can existence Space Explosion etc. ask
Inscribe, the relation between multi-tenant can not be also embodied as.
The content of the invention
The problem of existing for prior art, the invention provides a kind of a kind of multilayered model towards SaaS multi-tenants and
Its construction method.
The present invention is achieved in that first, and responsible SaaS software systems are layered, and proposes SaaS software member moulds
Type.It is top-down that every layer is described according to different grain size.And to industrywide standard and the development specifications SaaS of SaaS softwares
Software product quality is supported, and fully demonstrates that SaaS softwares are configurable, multi-tenant, telescopic feature.Then, with proposition
Meta-model is framework, according to different SaaS softwares, every layer of actual content is filled and modeled.The mould that will finally obtain
Type is analyzed, and CSOP is put into CPNtools and analyzed, and obtains the running state analysis result of SaaS softwares.
The multilayered model towards SaaS multi-tenants specifically includes：
Application layer, for providing SaaS softwares maximum granularity, provide the user practical value；
Software instances layer：For according to SaaS software product qualities, solving load balancing using more examples；Different rents
Family is assigned to by the load equalizer of software instances layer among different examples；It is real that one SaaS software possesses multiple SaaS softwares
, it is separate between different software instances, the presence of other examples is not felt by, can not more be influenced each other；One soft
Part example is described as CSOP Extended Colored Petri Net, and different color sets represents the request of different tenants, is used for
Intuitively represent the running of SaaS software instances.And the overall condition of SaaS softwares can be analyzed, judge whether
The potential safety hazards such as deadlock, failure in software instances be present, whether there is inequitable competitive relation etc. between different tenants.It is different
Software instances it is not related between each other, will not also be affected, therefore different software instances are described as multiple CSOP.
Tenant's layer：For representing the different tenants in SaaS softwares；Configure the setting of different tenants, realize interface, data,
Configurableization of service；Different tenants is assigned in different software instances, and different software instances describe different tenants
Behavior；
Expression layer：For being interacted with user；There is provided user rent function, user by rent the function of this layer come
The needs of meeting oneself.And the function of this layer is combined by atomic service.
Business process level：For providing the combination inventory of service, the combination of configuration service in the form of inventory；The layer
Flexibly atomic service can be combined, add different combinations to develop to same function.Use extension
Petri king SOP it is described.
Service entities layer：For providing being specifically defined for service；The atomic service included in SaaS softwares is described, and
Their internal structure.Complicated function combines by these atomic services in SaaS softwares.Its inside is described as
One basic petri net, is formed by different Component compositions.
Infrastructure layer：It is SaaS softwares for providing SaaS softwares storage capacity, computing capability, network connecting function
Border.
Further, the application layer is a triple, is expressed as A={ N, I, S } wherein：
N is the unique mark of the SaaS softwares；
I is the software instances layer of SaaS softwares, describes the software instances that the SaaS is included；
S is the service entities layer of SaaS softwares, includes all atomic services of SaaS softwares.
Further, the software instances layer is a tuple, and software instances layer is expressed as I={ Ii,U,CSOP,Fi, its
In：
IiFor unique expression of instance layer, an IiElement represents a software instances；
U is the tenant of SaaS softwares, describes tenant's layer；
Service-oriented web frame coloured CSOP mono-, for describing the structure of this SaaS software instances, wherein not
Same color represents different tenants；
FiFor Ii, U, CSOP corresponding relation, represent that different tenants is assigned among different SaaS software instances,
And represented by a COSP；IiRelation between U is many-one relationship relation, IiBetween CSOP
Relation is one-one relationship.
Further, tenant's layer U is 3 tuples, is expressed as U={ Iu,R,Fu, wherein：
IuThe unique mark of tenant, IuIn have multiple tenants, represent all tenants in SaaS softwares；
The expression layer that SaaS softwares are configured by each user；Different tenants possesses different expression layers；
FuFor expression layer and the corresponding relation of tenant,The corresponding expression layer of one tenant, an expression layer
Corresponding multiple tenants, relation is many-one relationship.
Further, the expression layer R is tuple, is expressed as R={ Ir,SOP,Sr,Fr, wherein:
IrFor the unique mark of an expression layer, an expression layer is identified；
SOP is a service-oriented net；
SrFor institute's functional set in expression layer；
FrFor Ir、SOP、SrCorresponding relation,SOP and SrBetween relation be one-one relationship, Ir
With SrBetween relation be many-one relationship.
Further, the business process level is web frame SOP, SOP={ P, the PN of an objects services；F,M0,Is}；
The service entities layer is the basic petri net of an extension, is expressed as S={ Ps, Ts；Fs, M0, Is }, wherein：
Wherein (Ps, Ts；Fs) it is a basic web frame；Ps is the place of net, and Ts is transition, and Fs is defined in Ps to Ts
Directed arc；
M0 is the initial marking of the Petri network；
Is is the unique mark of the net system, externally represents whole net system.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of construction method of the multilayered model towards SaaS multi-tenants,
According to the characteristics of SaaS softwares, structure supports the SaaS software hierarchy meta-models of SaaS software maturitys, uses shape
Formula method is modeled analysis to each layer；Meta-model is the modeling framework for establishing different SaaS software models.Basis respectively
The information such as function number are rented in the maturity of actual SaaS softwares, software instances number, tenant's number, atomic service, offer, are used
This meta-model is layered and is described from top to bottom to it.Terminate since application layer to service layer, infrastructure layer describes
The border of SaaS softwares, the content of this layer are not included in specific software.
Based on Object-oriented Petri-net and colored Petri network, service-oriented web frame SOP and CSOP is built；CSOP is used for
Software instances layer is described, on the one hand, different colours collection represents different tenant requests, can effectively fold transition；It is another
Aspect simulates the operation of SaaS software instances by CSOP, so as to analyze the constructivity security of SaaS software instances and evolution
Property.SOP can effectively represent the syntagmatic between atomic service.
Service is represented using the place element of encapsulation, embodies composition structure inside the external invisible and atomic service of service
Influence running status；Different tenant requests are represented by different color sets, the characteristics of embodying SaaS multi-tenants.
Further, the service-oriented web frame SOP be extension basic petri net, SOP={ P, T；F,M0,Is, its
In：
{P,T；F } it is an elementary net system, P is the place of net, and T is transition, and F is defined in P to T directed arc；
Wherein, P represents service entities, and service entities are both from the service entities in application layerMeanwhile P sheets as
The basic petri net of one extension, represent the internal structure of service；
M0For SOP initial marking；
IsFor SOP unique expression, whole net system is externally represented
Further, the coloured service-oriented web frame CSOP is 8 tuple CSOP=of the colored Petri network of an extension
{P,T；F,C,W,M,Is,IIs, wherein：
{P,PN；F } it is an elementary net system, P is the place of net, and T is transition, and F is defined in P to T directed arc；
P represents service entities, and service entities are both from the service entities in application layerMeanwhile P sheets are as one
The basic petri net of extension, represent the internal structure of service；
C is SOP color set, is that a finite nonempty set is closed, represents the different tenants in service；Of element in C
Number, C=Ir identical with tenant's number；
W:F → L (C)+,
IS：PN→L(C)+,
M:P → L (C),
L (C) represents a no negative coefficient linear function on color set C, and L (C)+expression coefficient is not all 0 L (C)；
W is in F to color set weight function, IsFor the mapping in transition, M is mapping of the set of library to color set；
IIsFor the unique mark of the web frame.
Advantages of the present invention and good effect are：The present invention proposes a kind of to SaaS according to SaaS software product qualities
Software hierarchy modeling method.Seven different levels have been divided into it according to different granularities by SaaS softwares are top-down.Embody
SaaS softwares multi-tenant, it is scalable, configurable the characteristics of；The color set of colored Petri network can represent different tenant requests, face
The packaging effects of service are embodied to object Petri, externally invisible, interior details influence system operation.Colored Petri is used for reference respectively
The thought of net and Object-oriented Petri-net, is extended to Petri network, it is proposed that CSOP and SOP net systems.For SaaS softwares
Modeling provide the instrument of formalization；The formalized model that this method proposes can be in colored Petri network instrument CPNtools
Middle operation, so as to simulate the operation of SaaS softwares, existing hidden danger when analysis system is run.
The characteristics of conventional method is needed by way of adding Petri network to embody multi-tenant, the present invention can be by complexity
SaaS software systems describe in a Petri network, be greatly folded change and moved and merged with and have compressed state space.So that model
SaaS softwares can be analyzed in CPNtools.And such describing mode can be analyzed, different tenant requests are same
Concurrency relation in one service.Different grades of SaaS software maturitys can be described by the present invention, and conventional method can not
Accomplish.Grade one：It is traditional software, it is necessary to repeatedly develop.Only add a service in service entities layer.Remaining is each above
Layer is sky；Grade two：Primary development is repeatedly disposed.The software of this rank realizes configurable, addition service entities layer, industry
Business flow layer and expression layer.Remaining above layer time is sky.Grade three：Single example multi-tenant.The software of this rank
Possess all levels, only only have an example in software instances layer.Grade four：More examples, multi-tenant.This rank
Software realize scalable, it possesses all levels, and can possess multiple examples in software instances layer, can be dynamic
Software instances are added and deleted according to system situation.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the construction method flow chart of the multilayered model provided in an embodiment of the present invention towards SaaS multi-tenants.
Fig. 2 is the multilayered model schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention towards SaaS multi-tenants.
Fig. 3 is SOP figures expression figure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is SOP provided in an embodiment of the present invention refinement figure.
Fig. 5 is crm system structure chart provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is service entities layer Petri net model figure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is business process level Petri net model figure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the Petri net model c1 of software instances one figures provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is the Petri net model c2 of software instances two figures provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 10 is the figure of simulation softward example 1 provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 11 is the figure of simulation softward example 2 provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 12 is the analysis report figure of the state space of software instances one provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 13 is software instances two-state spatial analysis report figure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 14 is the boundedness analysis report figure of software instances one provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 15 is the boundedness analysis report figure of software instances two provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 16 is the activity analysis report figure of software instances one provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 17 is the activity analysis report figure of software instances two provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 18 is the fairness analysis report figure of software instances one, two provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to
Limit the present invention.
The application principle of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, the construction method that the present invention provides a kind of multilayered model towards SaaS multi-tenants includes following step
Suddenly：
S101, according to the characteristics of SaaS softwares, propose to support the SaaS software hierarchy meta-models of SaaS software maturitys, make
Description is modeled to each layer with formalization method；
S102, by the inspiration of Object-oriented Petri-net (OOPN) and colored Petri network (CPN) thought, propose towards clothes
Be engaged in web frame SOP (Service-OrientedPetriNets) and CSOP (ColoredService-
OrientedPetriNets)；
S103, service is represented using the place element of encapsulation, embody external invisible, the internal structure influence fortune of service
OK；Different color sets represents different tenant requests, the characteristics of prominent SaaS multi-tenants.
As shown in Fig. 2 the multilayered model provided in an embodiment of the present invention towards SaaS multi-tenants,
Including seven layers:Application layer, tenant's layer, software instances layer, expression layer, business process level, service entities layer and basis
Facility layer.SaaS softwares are described from seven different levels respectively, propose meta-model.
Application layer：The maximum granularity of SaaS softwares, emphasizes the value that SaaS softwares provide the user；
Software instances layer：According to SaaS software product qualities, SaaS softwares solve load balancing using more examples
Problem.Load equalizer can assess the loading condition of Current software example, and different tenants can be supported balanced device and be assigned to not
Among same example.If some SaaS software is single example, an example be present in software instances layer；
Tenant's layer：Represent the different tenants in SaaS softwares.SaaS can customize different SaaS softwares according to different user,
What is passed through is exactly this layer, configures the setting of different tenants to realize, interface, data, configurableization of service；
Expression layer：This layer mainly interacts with user, represents the interface of user, and carrying user tenant on SaaS uses institute
It is functional；
Business process level：Each function corresponds to a kind of combination of service, and this layer does not service specifically, simply
The combination inventory of service, different versions produce different Services Composition inventories.Carry out the combination of configuration service in the form of inventory
Mode；
Service entities layer：This layer is mainly being specifically defined for service, and inside of each service is externally sightless, clothes
The inside of business is that specific function is realized by the combination of component；
Infrastructure layer：The hardware environment that this layer is run by SaaS softwares, it is abstracted as storage capacity, computing capability, net
Network；
The characteristics of multi-tenant, is embodied in tenant's layer, and multiple tenants using SaaS softwares, different tenants are possessed in this layer
It can be assigned among different software instances, the behavior of the different tenants of different software instances description thereon；
Telescopic feature is embodied in software instances layer, and a SaaS softwares can possess multiple software instances.More examples
Different tenants are assigned to according to loading condition in different software instances.Then software instances layer is individually carried
Go out；
It is configurable to be embodied in expression layer, configuration tenant's expression layer make different tenants possess personalization user interface,
User management, data management, application program etc..Each represents that layer function corresponds to a kind of specific Services Composition mode.Represent
Function in layer is addition, deletion and modification abstract, that user can be at any time；
The meta-model mainly describes level3 and level4 SaaS maturity.And the more popular two kinds of moulds of current SaaS
Formula.In level3, SaaS softwares are the pattern of single example multi-tenant.Only has a software reality in the software instances layer of meta-model
Example, all tenants share the software instances.In level4, more example multi-tenants are its features.Software instances layer
The increase of example number is multiple, and different tenants are assigned to by load equalizer among different software instances；
The effect of meta-model is mainly to model SaaS softwares, and it is the model for the model for establishing SaaS softwares.For not
It can successively be modeled according to meta-model with SaaS softwares, the SaaS softwares of complexity be divided into different hierarchy descriptions.Each SaaS
It is online that software instances are described in a colored Petri.If described software is level3 maturity.Single software is real
Example as SaaS softwares are in itself.If the SaaS for level4 maturity of description, multiple software instances form the SaaS softwares,
There is a colored Petri network.The running situation of different software example constitutes the running situation of SaaS softwares；
The subordinate and corresponding relation of each layer of element of set description are used on built SaaS model forms, ensures retouching for model
It is clear to state, accurately, without ambiguity.So that model is very easy to analyze.For example, which tenant is assigned to which software reality
Example, has rented those functions again.Quickly it can be obtained from model.Meanwhile the visualization portion of model being capable of simulation softward
The operation of example.It is active by analyzing the fairness of Petri network, the property such as boundedness, it can be found that and finding out existing for system
Problem and hidden danger.For example, the activity of analysis Petri network can find out dead chain present in system, this is failure existing for system,
Should solve in time.The fairness in Petri network is analyzed, can in time be found out due to design and be produced and be not good between tenant
The competitive relation of health.The analysis of boundedness, the system of ensure that will not be among unconfined operation.
First, with reference to Formal Modeling, the invention will be further described.
Formal Modeling provided in an embodiment of the present invention is as follows：
The model is described in three places using Petri network respectively, and it is the visualization portion of SaaS software models：
Each software instances are not in composition structure, the combination of business process level atomic service, software instances layer inside atomic service
With the running situation of tenant.By a kind of High Level Petri Net --- the inspiration of Object-oriented Petri-net thought, the present invention propose
A kind of service-oriented web frame.The relevant issues for being proposed to solve object-oriented of Object-oriented Petri-net.Towards right
As a most important feature packaging effects, composition is to outside invisible inside object.The characteristics of it is also service just.Service it
Between be it is separate, it is seldom to the information of outer exposed, almost only input and output.Outside is invisible to service inside
's.And there is the building form of oneself in the inside of service, each service.The inside composition each serviced similarly influences system
Operation.On the basis of the integrality of System describe is met, the characteristics of prominent model, ignore minor matters.Invention introduces face
Expression describing mode to Object Petri net.It is a structure containing input and output place by service describing.It is specifically defined
It is as follows：
Define the basic petri net that 1 (service-oriented web frame SOP) SOP is defined as an extension.SOP={ P, T；F,
M0,Is, wherein：
1){P,T；F } it is an elementary net system, P is the place of net, and T is transition, and F is defined in P to T directed arc.Here P represents service entities, and service entities are both from should
With the service entities in layerMeanwhile P sheets represent the internal structure serviced as the basic petri net of an extension.
2)M0For SOP initial marking.
3)IsFor SOP unique expression, whole net system is externally represented.
4) in the net system, the figure of firing rule and transition represents identical with Petri network, the difference is that representing
The place of service entities is represented with the rectangle frame with place.Place on service entities represents the input of service and defeated respectively
Go out.Communicated and combined by transition between service and service；As shown in Figure 3；
The service entities not refined represent a place element, input and output place above be it is of equal value, it is therein
Token elements can be moved arbitrarily.
5) service entities can be refined by services sub-network, and inside is the specific implementation of service entities, can be by basic petri net
It is filled.It ensure that and service externally invisible, other services can only be by inputting, exporting place and the service interaction.Separately
On the one hand the integrality of service internal structure is embodied, the inside composition of single service influences the running situation of whole system；Such as
Shown in Fig. 4.
Input and output place on the service entities of refinement is no longer of equal value, and its internal rule that occurs strictly observes Petri's
Firing rule.Token can not be arbitrarily input and export place in move.
In order that the web frame can describe the running situation of software instances layer multi-tenant.The net is extended, used
Color set describes the running situation of different tenants in colored Petri network, the net system is described multi-tenant while is used
The state of the software instances.It is defined as follows.
Define 8 tuples that 2 (coloured service-oriented web frame CSOP) define CSOP the colored Petri network of one extension
CSOP={ P, T；F,C,W,M,Is,IIs, wherein：
1){P,PN；F } it is an elementary net system, P is the place of net, and T is transition, and F is defined in P to T directed arc.Here P represents service entities, service entities both from
Service entities in application layerMeanwhile P sheets represent the internal structure serviced as the basic petri net of an extension.
2) C is SOP color set, and it is that a finite nonempty set is closed, for representing the different tenants in service.In C
The number of element is identical with tenant's number, C=Ir.
3)W：F→L(C)+
IS：PN→L(C)+
M：P→L(C)
L (C) represents a no negative coefficient linear function being defined on color set C, and L (C)+expression coefficient is not all 0 L
(C).W is the weight function for being defined on F to color set, IsFor the mapping being defined in transition, M is set of library reflecting to color set
Penetrate.
4) CSOP figure represents identical with SOP.
5)IIsFor the unique mark of the web frame.
Between multiple software instances independently of each other, the presence of imperceptible other software example.The fortune of each software instances
The summation of market condition, just form the running status of whole complicated SaaS software systems.
According to layering SaaS meta-models above, the granularity described from top to bottom is less and less, bag between each layer be present
The relation contained.Application layer is SaaS maximum particle size, should include all layers.Work as because tenant is assigned to different software instances
In, therefore software instances layer and tenant's layer are inclusion relation.Each tenant possesses the expression layer of oneself, and tenant's layer, which includes, to be represented
Layer.Each function in expression layer is required to business process level to describe the syntagmatic of atomic service.Expression layer and business
Flow layer is also inclusion relation.No matter how the example of SaaS softwares changes for SaaS, and the atomic service of its bottom is equal
It will not change.Therefore service entities layer is placed in application layer and be defined.
Every layer of SaaS softwares meta-model is defined as follows：
Define 3 (application layers) and application layer is defined as a triple, then can be expressed as A={ N, I, S } wherein：
1) N is the unique mark of the SaaS softwares.
2) I is the software instances layer of SaaS softwares, describes the software instances that the SaaS is included.
3) S is the service entities layer of SaaS softwares, comprising all atomic services of SaaS softwares, all functions, by
These service entities form.S is shown the internal structure of atomic service by basic petri netlists.
Application layer is the maximum particle size of SaaS softwares, and the definition to application layer is considered as to definition overall SaaS.
SaaS includes the title of application, software instances and service entities.It is assigned to due to different tenants in different software instances,
All service entities layers include tenant's layer.Due to can configure for SaaS softwares, tenant's layer includes all layers below tenant's layer.I.e.
Software instances layer includes all layers below it.Due to the atomic service in SaaS will not with the configuration of software instances tenant and
Change, therefore it is individually proposed to arrive application layer.
Define 4 (software instances layers) and software instances layer is defined as a tuple, software instances layer can be expressed as I=
{Ii,U,CSOP,Fi, wherein：
1)IiFor unique expression of instance layer, an IiElement represents a software instances.
2) U is the tenant of SaaS softwares, describes tenant's layer.
3) service-oriented web frame coloured CSOP mono-, for describing the structure of this SaaS software instances, wherein
Different colors represents different tenants.
4)FiFor Ii, U, CSOP corresponding relation, represent that different tenants is assigned to different SaaS software instances and worked as
In, and represented by a COSP.IiRelation between U is many-one relationship relation, IiBetween CSOP
Relation be one-one relationship.
It is 3 tuples to define 5 (tenant's layer) tenant's layer U, is expressed as U={ Iu,R,Fu, wherein：
1)IuThe unique mark of tenant, IuIn have multiple tenants, represent all tenants in SaaS softwares.
2) expression layer that SaaS softwares are configured by each user.Different tenants possesses different expression layers.
3)FuFor expression layer and the corresponding relation of tenant,The corresponding expression layer of one tenant, an expression
Layer can correspond to multiple tenants, and relation is many-one relationship.
It is tuple to define 6 (expression layer) expression layer R, is expressed as R={ Ir,SOP,Sr,Fr, wherein:
1)IrFor the unique mark of an expression layer, an expression layer is identified.
2) SOP is a service-oriented net.
3)SrFor institute's functional set in expression layer.
4)FrFor Ir、SOP、SrCorresponding relation,SOP and SrBetween relation be one-one relationship,
IrWith SrBetween relation be many-one relationship.
Define 7 (business process levels) by Business Stream stratification be described as an objects services web frame SOP, SOP=P,
PN；F,M0,Is}。
Business process level describes the syntagmatic of service.This syntagmatic is entered with service-oriented web frame SOP
Row description.
The basic petri net that service entities layer is described as an extension by 8 (service entities layers) is defined, is expressed as S=
{Ps,Ts；Fs, M0, Is }, wherein：
1) wherein (Ps, Ts；Fs) it is a basic web frame.Ps is the place of net, and Ts is transition, and Fs is defined in Ps and arrived
Ts directed arc.
2) M0 is the initial marking of the Petri network.
3) Is is the unique mark of the net system, externally represents whole net system.
2nd, with reference to analysis of cases, the invention will be further described.
Analysis of cases
SaaS is successful at first in CRM (customer relation management) system, and most SaaS applications are CRM at present
System.The present invention verifies the feasibility of the inventive method by taking crm system as an example.
The case is a simplified crm system.Four class tenants are shared, different functions has been rented respectively per class tenant.
Each function is respectively that atomic service combines.Tenant one, tenant three and tenant four are respectively the employee of businessman.Tenant one is negative
The business opportunity in duty analysis market, client is found for businessman.The task of tenant three is analysis market, and the marketing plan is formulated for businessman.Rent
Family four is responsible to define marketing activity plan.Tenant two is a client, mainly using system system inquiry market information, finds oneself
The businessman needed.The structure function figure of the CRM is as shown in Figure 5.Tenant has substantially rented following function：
Lead referral：It is that businessman recommends suitable client according to other people comment.Taken by passenger information service and evaluation
Business combines.
Customer account management：For businessman's managing customer information, facilitate the lookup, modification, deletion of contact person.By passenger information service
Formed with Market Information Service.
Business opportunity is analyzed：It is business opportunity existing for businessman draws statement analysis according to market information and customer information.Believed by client
Breath service, Market Information Service and Report Forms Service.
Market information is shared：The market information found is shared into third party's social networks.By Market Information Service and
Third party's social networking service forms.
Businessman recommends：According to other people comment, the businessman for recommending to need for user, there are Business Information service and evaluation clothes
Business composition.
Potential customers analyze：According to market situation, and the behavior of each client, it is the potential use of businessman's analysis to draw form
Family.It is made up of passenger information service, Market Information Service, comment service and Report Forms Service.
Market management：Businessman inquires about market information, regulating the market activity.By passenger information service, Market Information Service and
Business Information service forms.
According to SaaS software meta-models, model is established from below to up.
Service entities layer：
Here in order to write conveniently, the title of service is write a Chinese character in simplified form respectively, wherein passenger information service is
CIservice, Market Information Service MIservice, Business Information service are MIservice, third party's social software service
For SNservice, Report Forms Service RFservice, comment service is Cservice.Service entities layer is described as a Petri
Net, concrete structure are as shown in Figure 6.
Business process level：
SOP={ s1,s2,s3,s4,s5,s6,s7}；
Figure represents as shown in Figure 7.
Expression layer：
R={ Ir, SOP, Sr, Fr }；
Ir={ r1, r2, r3, r4 }；
Sr=ClientRecommend, ClientManage, BusinessAnalyse,
MarketInformationShar e,OrganizationRecommend,PotentialClientAnalyse,
MarketManage}；
SOP={ s1, s2, s3, s4, s5, s6, s7 }；
Fr=(r1, ClientRecommend, s1), (r1, ClientManage, s2), (r1,
BusinessAnalyse,s3),(r2,MarketInformationShare,s4),(r2,OrganizationRecommend,
s5),(r3,ClientManage,s2),(r3,PotentialClientAnalyse,s6),(r4,MarketManage,
s7)}；
Tenant's layer：
U={ Iu, R, Fu }；
Iu ,={ rt1, rt2, rt3, rt4 }；
R={ r1, r2, r3, r4 }；
Fu={ (rt1, r1), (rt2, r2), (rt3, r3), (rt4, r4) }；
Instance layer：
I={ Ii, U, CSOP, Fi }；
Ii={ Instance1, Instance2 }；
U={ rt1, rt2, rt3, rt4 }；
CSOP={ c1, c2 }；
Fi={ (Instance1, r1, c1), (Instance1, r2, c1), (Instance2, r3, c2) }.
Fig. 7 is business process level Petri net model figure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
c1:Wherein color set R1 and R2 represents the request of tenant one and tenant two respectively.R1 and r2 on arc are limited respectively
The flow direction of color set, they are the restricted functions on arc, color set R1 flows through the arc for indicating r1, and R2 is similar with R1, Zhi Nengliu
Through the arc for indicating r2.Two color set homomergic flows are through indicating r arc.Wherein, changing has suppression arc on t6, t8, t10, ensure clothes
When having token in business CIservice and MIserviceR1, only t9 transition have concession.Service is set to rent work(by user
Can normal combination.Figure represents as shown in Figure 8.
c2:Similar with c1, c2 shares two color sets R3 and R4, represents tenant three and tenant four respectively.R3 can only be flowed through
The arc of r3 functions limitation, R4 can only flow through the arc of r4 functions limitation.Indicating r arc R3 and R4 can pass through.Wherein change t6, t9
On have suppression arc, it is similar with software instances one, ensure in service CiserviceR3 and Miservice when having token, only
Transition t7 has concession.Represent as shown in Figure 9.
Application layer：
A={ N, I, S }
N={ CRMSystem }
I={ Instance1, Instance2 }
S={ CIservice, MIservice, OIservice, SNservice, RFservice, Cservice }
Two software instances models are put into CPNtool respectively and simulated.Wherein, all place elements can hold
Receive and accord with composite coloured collection RN, different tenant's color sets are contained in RN.It is digital on color set, tenant's numbering is represented respectively.Arc
Above restricted function flow1 (), flow2, flow3 (), flow4 (), the flow direction of different colours collection is limited, only specifically
Tenant request could pass through.It ensure that SaaS software multi-tenants normal operation in same system.All tenants of arc for indicating r please
Asking can be by showing there is the share request of multiple tenants this arc.Due to length of the present invention, not to Petri
Service in net is refined.Analog case is distinguished shown in below figure 10 and Figure 11.
Such as Figure 12, shown in 13.Software instances one share 56 nodes, 119 arcs, and software instances two share 48 nodes,
88 arcs, the model of two software instances is strongly connected graph, shows that software model has preferable connectivity.
Figure 14, tables of data, which understands, in 15 possesses most and minimum token numbers in each place.It can be seen that two soft
Token numbers in all places of part example are no more than 2.Therefore system is bounded.It is not at unconfined operation.
The activity analysis of Figure 16 software instances one is reported；
The activity analysis of Figure 17 software instances two is reported；
The fairness analysis report of Figure 18 software instances one, two；
It is respective goal node from activity analysis report as can be seen that two software instances only have a dead marking,
This meets the design of system.In addition again without dead chain.Represent that the system design is reasonable, without failure.
Two software instances without inequitable sequence, show that unsound competitive relation is not present between multiple tenants.
By the way that to the SaaS software modelings, the complicated crm system has been shown from different levels.Subordinate between module
Relation is very clear.The colored Petri network of visualization portion can simulate operation feelings of the multi-tenant in respective software instances
Condition.Analyzing the operation report of each software instances can show that hidden danger and the failures such as deadlock, endless loop is not present in the SaaS.
In the analysis work of SaaS softwares, many work are to be modeled expansion to SaaS softwares using Petri network.
Document proposes a Petri net model, has modeled the cost situation of SaaS softwares, selects traditional software or SaaS to carry for enterprise
Foundation is supplied.But the behavior of SaaS systems is not described.Document is modeled using colored Petri network to SaaS, it is proposed that one
The method of kind prediction SaaS behaviors.But there is no the characteristics of embodiment SaaS multi-tenants, scalable, configurable.Also a few thing makes
Analysis is modeled to SaaS softwares with other methods.Document proposes a kind of multi-tenant architecture SaaS dynamic evolutions supported
Method, strategy is provided for SaaS upgrading renewal, but formalized description is not carried out to institute's analysis system.Document proposes one kind
The SaaS software models of multi-tenant architecture, using the method strict difinition service quality of mathematics, SaaS is reflected in multi-tenant
In the case of service scenario, but the model does not have figure expression, it is impossible to intuitively shows SaaS behavior.
Problem present in document is previously mentioned for above-mentioned, the present invention proposes SaaS software meta-models, and type of service
Method define it.Meta-model supports SaaS software maturitys.Fully demonstrate SaaS multi-tenants, scalable, configurable feature.
The relation of intermodule has been modeled in the software instances layer of meta-model, business process level and service entities layer using Petri network.Figure
Internal system behavior has intuitively been reacted in expression.Software instances layer uses colored Petri network, different colours set representations difference tenant
Request, not only solve the problems, such as Petri network State space explosion to a certain extent, while also preferably simulate system row
For.
SaaS softwares meta-model proposed by the present invention, the framework provided for modeling SaaS softwares and method.Not only embody
SaaS softwares can configure, telescopic characteristic, and the granularity progressively refined also make it that the SaaS software train of thoughts of complexity are clear.Have simultaneously
The SaaS software instances of the service-oriented web frame description of color, solve the problem of multi-tenant, embody the ripe mould of SaaS softwares
The description of type.Multilayer SaaS software models describe the structure of SaaS softwares, and Petri net model simulates the operation feelings of SaaS softwares
Condition.Hidden danger existing for SaaS software systems can not only be analyzed.Can also be according to the results of running, the interaction between Analysis Service
Relation, laid a good foundation to analyze the dynamic evolution of SaaS softwares.
Based on work on hand, multilayered model is established for SaaS softwares, obtains the reachability graph of each color set.One side
Face, the interactive relation between the behavior and service of analysis multi-tenant request service, Analysis Service behavior correlation and uniformity,
Ensure the correct implementation of SaaS software dynamic evolvements.On the other hand, description of the present invention to SaaS software multi-tenants, is further
The dynamic evolution how analysis multi-tenant influences SaaS softwares provides method.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
All any modification, equivalent and improvement made within refreshing and principle etc., should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of multilayered model towards SaaS multi-tenants, it is characterised in that the multilayered model towards SaaS multi-tenants, bag
Include：
Application layer, for providing SaaS softwares maximum granularity, provide the user practical value；
Software instances layer, for according to SaaS software product qualities, solving load balancing using more examples；Different tenant's quilts
The load equalizer of software instances layer is assigned among different examples；One SaaS software possesses multiple SaaS software instances,
It is separate between different software instances, the presence of other examples is not felt by, can not more be influenced each other；One software reality
Example is described as CSOP Extended Colored Petri Net, and different color sets represents the request of different tenants, for directly perceived
Expression SaaS software instances running；And the overall condition of SaaS softwares can be analyzed, judge whether in software
Deadlock, the potential safety hazard of failure in example be present, whether there is inequitable competitive relation between different tenants；
Tenant's layer, for representing the different tenants in SaaS softwares；The setting of different tenants is configured, realizes interface, data, service
Configurableization；Different tenants is assigned in different software instances, and different software instances describe the row of different tenants
For；
Expression layer, for being interacted with user；The function that user rents is provided；
Business process level, for providing the combination inventory of service, the combination of configuration service in the form of inventory；Atom is taken
Business is combined, and adds different combinations and same function is developed；
Service entities layer, for providing being specifically defined for service；The atomic service included in description SaaS softwares, and they
Internal structure；
Infrastructure layer, for providing SaaS softwares storage capacity, computing capability, network connecting function.
2. as claimed in claim 1 towards the multilayered model of SaaS multi-tenants, it is characterised in that the application layer is a ternary
Group, it is expressed as A={ N, I, S } wherein：
N is the unique mark of the SaaS softwares；
I is the software instances layer of SaaS softwares, describes the software instances that the SaaS is included；
S is the service entities layer of SaaS softwares, includes all atomic services of SaaS softwares.
3. as claimed in claim 1 towards the multilayered model of SaaS multi-tenants, it is characterised in that the software instances layer is one
Tuple, software instances layer are expressed as I={ Ii,U,CSOP,Fi, wherein：
IiFor unique expression of instance layer, an IiElement represents a software instances；
U is the tenant of SaaS softwares, describes tenant's layer；
Service-oriented web frame coloured CSOP mono-, for describing the structure of this SaaS software instances, wherein different
Color represents different tenants；
FiFor Ii, U, CSOP corresponding relation, represent that different tenants is assigned among different SaaS software instances, and by
One COSP is represented；IiRelation between U is many-one relationship relation, IiRelation between CSOP
For one-one relationship.
4. as claimed in claim 1 towards the multilayered model of SaaS multi-tenants, it is characterised in that tenant's layer U is 3 tuples,
It is expressed as U={ Iu,R,Fu, wherein：
IuThe unique mark of tenant, IuIn have multiple tenants, represent all tenants in SaaS softwares；
The expression layer that SaaS softwares are configured by each user；Different tenants possesses different expression layers；
FuFor expression layer and the corresponding relation of tenant,The corresponding expression layer of one tenant, an expression layer are corresponding
Multiple tenants, relation are many-one relationship.
5. as claimed in claim 1 towards the multilayered model of SaaS multi-tenants, it is characterised in that the expression layer R is tuple, table
It is shown as R={ Ir,SOP,Sr,Fr, wherein:
IrFor the unique mark of an expression layer, an expression layer is identified；
SOP is a service-oriented net；
SrFor institute's functional set in expression layer；
FrFor Ir、SOP、SrCorresponding relation,SOP and SrBetween relation be one-one relationship, IrWith Sr
Between relation be many-one relationship.
6. as claimed in claim 1 towards the multilayered model of SaaS multi-tenants, it is characterised in that the business process level is one
Web frame SOP, SOP={ P, the PN of objects services；F,M0,Is}；
The service entities layer is the basic petri net of an extension, is expressed as S={ Ps, Ts；Fs, M0, Is }, wherein：
Wherein (Ps, Ts；Fs) it is a basic web frame；Ps is the place of net, and Ts is transition, and Fs is defined in having for Ps to Ts
To arc；
M0 is the initial marking of the Petri network；
Is is the unique mark of the net system, externally represents whole net system.
7. it is a kind of as claimed in claim 1 towards SaaS multi-tenants multilayered model multilayered model towards SaaS multi-tenants
Construction method, it is characterised in that the construction method of the multilayered model towards SaaS multi-tenants, structure support SaaS softwares into
The SaaS software hierarchy meta-models of ripe degree, type of service method are modeled analysis to each layer；Respectively according to actual SaaS
Maturity, software instances number, tenant's number, atomic service, the information for providing rental function number of software, use this meta-model
It is layered from top to bottom and is described；Terminate since application layer to service layer；
Based on Object-oriented Petri-net and colored Petri network, service-oriented web frame SOP and CSOP is built；CSOP is used to describe
Software instances layer, on the one hand, different colours collection represents different tenant requests, can carry out folding transition；On the other hand pass through
CSOP simulates the operation of SaaS software instances, analyzes the constructivity security of SaaS software instances and evolutive；SOP is used for table
Show the syntagmatic between atomic service；
Service is represented using the place element of encapsulation, embodying composition structure inside the external invisible and atomic service of service influences
Running status；Different tenant requests are represented by different color sets, the characteristics of embodying SaaS multi-tenants.
8. as claimed in claim 7 towards the multilayered model construction method of SaaS multi-tenants, it is characterised in that described towards clothes
Web frame SOP be engaged in as the basic petri net extended, SOP={ P, T；F,M0,Is, wherein：
{P,T；F } it is an elementary net system, P is the place of net, and T is transition, and F is defined in P to T directed arc；
Wherein, P represents service entities, and service entities are both from the service entities in application layerMeanwhile P sheets are as one
The basic petri net of extension, represent the internal structure of service；
M0For SOP initial marking；
IsFor SOP unique expression, whole net system is externally represented.
9. as claimed in claim 7 towards the multilayered model construction method of SaaS multi-tenants, it is characterised in that the coloured face
To 8 tuple CSOP={ P, T of the colored Petri network that service network structure C SOP is an extension；F, C, W, M, Is, IIs, wherein：
{ P, PN；F } it is an elementary net system, P is the place of net, and T is transition, and F is defined in P to T directed arc；
P represents service entities, and service entities are both from the service entities in application layerMeanwhile P sheets are as an extension
Basic petri net, represent service internal structure；
C is SOP color set, is that a finite nonempty set is closed, represents the different tenants in service；In C the number of element with
Tenant's number is identical, C=Ir；
W：F → L (C)+,
Is：PN → L (C)+,
M：P → L (C),
L (C) represents a no negative coefficient linear function on color set C, and L (C)+expression coefficient is not all 0 L (C)；W is
In F to color set weight function, IsFor the mapping in transition, M is mapping of the set of library to color set；
IIsFor the unique mark of the web frame.
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