CN107803982A - A kind of Method of printing and device of the 3D objects with hanging structure - Google Patents
A kind of Method of printing and device of the 3D objects with hanging structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN107803982A CN107803982A CN201610806448.1A CN201610806448A CN107803982A CN 107803982 A CN107803982 A CN 107803982A CN 201610806448 A CN201610806448 A CN 201610806448A CN 107803982 A CN107803982 A CN 107803982A
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- layer
- printing
- data
- interlayer materials
- boundary
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0018—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular optical properties, e.g. fluorescent or phosphorescent
- B29K2995/002—Coloured
- B29K2995/0021—Multi-coloured
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of Method of printing of 3D objects, comprises the following steps：A. a kind of interlayer materials printing boundary layer is used based on interface layer data, non- boundary layer is printed using a kind of non-interlayer materials based on non-interface layer data, at least part layer support achievement is made up of boundary layer and non-boundary layer, and boundary layer isolates non-boundary layer with layer printing achievement；Wherein, layer printing achievement is printed using moulding material, and the interlayer materials to contact with each other are different with the physical property of the moulding material, and the physical property of the interlayer materials is different from the physical property of the non-interlayer materials；B. repeat step a forms multiple layers of support achievement and multiple layers of printing achievement, and multiple layers of printing achievement and multiple layers of support achievement are overlapped mutually to form 3D objects.The Method of printing of the present invention can print the high-precision 3D objects with labyrinth.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to 3D object rapid shaping techniques field, more particularly to a kind of 3D objects printing with hanging structure
Method and device.
Background technology
Rapid shaping technique is also known as RP technique or adds formula manufacturing technology, and its general principle is all based on 3D moulds
3D objects finally are made using successively processing by the way of accumulation by data processing after type section.
According to the shape difference of target 3D objects there is difference in its specific manufacturing process, and first way is：Target 3D things
The printing that moulding material carries out each layer is used only in system during making, later layer moulding material is superimposed upon preceding layer moulding material
On, finally produce target 3D objects；The second way is：Exist in target 3D object manufacturing process later layer make somebody a mere figurehead it is previous
The phenomenon of layer, i.e. target 3D objects have hanging structure, now printed in order to which target 3D objects are accurately printed
Moulding material printing target object is not only needed to also need to provide using backing material printing supporting construction layer for corresponding in journey
Support.However, the effect of supporting construction is providing support in being filled into hanging structure, propped up after the completion of the printing of target 3D objects
Support structure must remove from target 3D objects, and must assure that during removal and do not damage the knot of target 3D objects in itself
Structure.
In the prior art, when target 3D objects have hanging structure, then need to print using the second way, specific
Print procedure in, mainly consider on the performance difference of moulding material and backing material, such as in the presence of following several solution party
Formula：
Settling mode one is：Moulding material selects water-insoluble material, backing material to select water miscible material, treats mesh
Target 3D objects are placed in water after the completion of mark 3D object printings, supporting construction is slowly dissolved finally in water from target 3D objects
Upper removal, such as United States Patent (USP) US6569373B2, US9138981B1 and US8460451B2, but use this method to remove branch
Support structure is disadvantageous in that：One side supporting construction dissolution velocity in water is relatively slow, another aspect waste water resource
And the risk with polluted-water.
Settling mode two is：The material that backing material selection can dissolve in specific solvent, treats that target 3D objects have printed
Target object is placed in the specific solvent after, supporting construction slowly dissolves in a solvent finally to be removed from 3D objects, such as
United States Patent (USP) US7479510B etc., but use the weak point of this method removal supporting construction molten in a solvent for supporting construction
It is relatively slow to solve speed, on the other hand easily causes environmental pollution using organic solvent.
Settling mode three is：The temperature-curable material of moulding material and backing material selection with different melting points wherein supports
The fusing point of material is less than moulding material, such as selects the wax material of different melting points, treats target 3D after the completion of the printing of target 3D objects
Object is placed in elevated temp, and supporting construction is slowly dissolved finally from target when temperature is increased in backing material melting range
Removed on 3D objects, such as United States Patent (USP) US7399796B2, US857525882, but temperature in use curing materials carry out ink-jet
Higher to the temperature requirements of whole ink system during printing, otherwise the too low viscosity of material increase mobility of temperature, which is deteriorated, even blocks
Printhead.
Settling mode four is：Backing material selection mechanical performance is different from the material of moulding material, strong such as backing material
Degree and/or hardness are lower than moulding material, or backing material is more crisp etc. than moulding material, treat target 3D objects by after the completion of printing
Supporting construction is removed using mechanical force, provided yet with supporting construction in the print procedure of target object for target object
Support, its lower intensity and/or hardness are difficult to support whole target object, easily cause target object deformation effect to be molded
Precision, or the fragility of backing material are higher, and supporting construction easily ftractures during support, so as to influence the shaping of target object
Precision.
The content of the invention
The defects of for prior art, according to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of 3D objects printing with hanging structure
Method, 3D objects are printed by way of multiple layers support achievement and multiple layers of printing achievement are overlapped mutually, are comprised the following steps：
A. used based on interface layer data using a kind of interlayer materials printing boundary layer based on non-interface layer data a kind of
Non- interlayer materials print non-boundary layer, and at least partly described layer supports achievement by the boundary layer and the non-boundary layer group
Into the boundary layer isolates the non-boundary layer with layer printing achievement；
Wherein, layer printing achievement is printed using moulding material, and the interlayer materials that contact with each other and described
The physical property of moulding material is different, and the physical property of the physical property of the interlayer materials and the non-interlayer materials is not
Together；
B. repeating said steps a forms multiple layer support achievements and multiple layer printing achievements, and multiple described
Layer printing achievement and multiple layer support achievements are overlapped mutually to form 3D objects.
Preferably, in the 3D objects, the total amount of the interlayer materials is less than the total amount of the non-interlayer materials.
Preferably, in the layer support achievement being made up of the boundary layer and the non-boundary layer, the boundary layer
The total amount of material is less than the total amount of the non-interlayer materials.
Preferably, multiple boundary layers isolate layer printing achievement with multiple non-boundary layers, multiple described
Boundary layer is continuously distributed, and multiple non-boundary layers are also continuously distributed.
Preferably, multiple boundary layers are printed using a kind of interlayer materials, and multiple non-boundary layers use
A kind of non-interlayer materials printing.
Preferably, multiple boundary layers are printed using a variety of interlayer materials, and multiple non-boundary layers use
A variety of non-interlayer materials printings.
Preferably, the interlayer materials and the physical property of the moulding material that contact with each other and the non-interface
The physical property of layer material is mechanical performance.
Preferably, the mechanical performance is intensity or hardness.
Preferably, the mechanical performance of the interlayer materials to contact with each other is less than the mechanical performance of the moulding material.
Preferably, the mechanical performance of the interlayer materials is less than the mechanical performance of the non-interlayer materials.
Preferably, the layer support achievement is removed by way of mechanical force shock.
Preferably, the mode that the mechanical force is hit is water impact either ultrasonic activation or stripping by hand.
Preferably, comprise the following steps before the step a：
A1. the target object is layered and obtains every layer of layer print data, the layer print data is at least wrapped
Formable layer data are included, the formable layer data are used to print the layer printing achievement.
Preferably, the layer print data, which also includes the interface layer data or the layer print data, also includes the boundary
Surface layer data and the non-interface layer data.
Preferably, the formable layer data include formable layer structured data and the non-structural data of formable layer, the boundary layer
Data include interface structure data and the non-structural data of boundary layer, and the non-boundary layer data include non-interface structure data
With the non-structural data of non-boundary layer.
Preferably, the non-structural data of the formable layer include formable layer color data and/or formable layer material character data,
The non-structural data of boundary layer include boundary layer color data and/or interlayer materials property data, and the non-boundary layer is non-
Structured data includes non-boundary layer color data and/or non-interlayer materials property data.
Preferably, the moulding material, the interlayer materials and the non-interlayer materials are photo-curing material.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of 3D object printing equipments with hanging structure are also provided, including：
Processing terminal, it is used for the layer print data that the target object is layered to and obtained every layer；
Spray equipment, the spray equipment is provided with least one moulding material outlet, at least one interlayer materials go out
Mouth and at least one non-interlayer materials outlet；
Drive control device, it is based on the layer print data and controls the spray equipment to perform printing action.
Preferably, the spray equipment is printhead, and the moulding material outlet leads to for the moulding material of the printhead
Road, each moulding material passage are provided with multiple moulding material spray orifices, and the interlayer materials outlet is the printhead
Interlayer materials passage, each interlayer materials passage is provided with multiple interlayer materials spray orifices, the non-boundary layer
Material outlet is the non-interlayer materials passage of the printhead, and each non-interlayer materials passage is provided with multiple non-boundaries
Surface material spray orifice.
Preferably, in addition to photocuring source, the photocuring source are used to solidify the moulding material, the interlayer materials
And the non-interlayer materials.
Preferably, the photocuring source is UV light sources, infrared light supply or electron beam.
Preferably, in addition to straightening mechanism, it is used for layer printing achievement, the boundary layer and the non-interface
Layer smoothing.
Method of the printing with hanging structure 3D objects provided by the invention, is divided into boundary layer and non-by supporting construction achievement
Boundary layer, and boundary layer is printed using a kind of interlayer materials, non-boundary layer is printed using a kind of non-interlayer materials, as long as
Boundary layer can be peeled off with moulding material, then non-boundary layer separates with moulding material naturally, so, by adjusting interlayer materials
Species can reach and improve peeling rate, environmental protection, reduce the beneficial effect such as stripping conditions, by adjusting non-interlayer materials
Species, which can reach, to be improved support effect, improves the beneficial effects such as 3D dimension of object precision.Therefore, using the printing side of the present invention
Method can print the high-precision 3D objects with labyrinth.
Brief description of the drawings
The detailed description made by reading with reference to the following drawings to non-limiting example, further feature of the invention,
Objects and advantages will become more apparent upon：
Fig. 1 shows the specific embodiment of the present invention, a kind of printing side of the 3D objects with hanging structure
The flow chart of method；
Fig. 2 shows the first embodiment of the present invention, a kind of planar structure signal of 3D objects with hanging structure
Figure；
Fig. 3 shows the first embodiment of the present invention, does not remove the 3D objects with hanging structure of supporting construction
Structural representation；
Fig. 4 shows the first embodiment of the present invention, has the structure for amplifying of a certain layer of the 3D objects of hanging structure
Schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 shows the second embodiment of the present invention, and another kind has the Method of printing of the 3D objects of hanging structure
Flow chart；And
Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 shows another embodiment of the present invention, a kind of to make the 3D objects with hanging structure
Printing equipment schematic diagram.
Embodiment
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that Method of printing provided by the invention, is preferably made by way of successively printing
3D objects, specifically, achievement and layer are printed by successively printable layer and support achievement, and by multiple layers printed support achievement and
The 3D objects are made in the mode that multiple layers of printing achievement are overlapped mutually, and the layer printing achievement can combine prior art and use
Moulding material prints, and the layer support achievement prints with reference to Method of printing provided by the invention, the description after specifically referring to.
Further, Fig. 1 shows the embodiment of the present invention, and a kind of 3D objects with hanging structure are beaten
Impression method, comprise the following steps：
Step S101 is first carried out, based on interface layer data using a kind of interlayer materials printing boundary layer, based on non-boundary
Surface layer data print non-boundary layer using a kind of non-interlayer materials, at least partly described layer support achievement by the boundary layer and
The non-boundary layer composition, the boundary layer isolate the non-boundary layer with layer printing achievement.Specifically, the interface
Layer data includes interface structure data and the non-structural data of boundary layer, it is preferable that the interface structure data correspond to space
The data of coordinate, the non-structural data of boundary layer correspond to the species data of interlayer materials, such as the interlayer materials are
The material of different colours, then the non-structural data of the boundary layer are color value, in another example, the interlayer materials are difference
The material of property, then the non-structural data of the boundary layer are material character data.More specifically, the interface layer data and crowd
Multiple solutions layer pixel is associated, for example, when printing a boundary layer, the interface structure data include N
Individual interface structure pixel number evidence, the non-structural data of boundary layer include a kind of material character data, then drive control device
Spray a kind of interlayer materials according to N number of interface structure pixel number evidence and a kind of material character data control printhead and carry out
Printing, ultimately forms boundary layer.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the boundary layer includes multiple boundary layers, wherein, one
The boundary layer is printed using a kind of interlayer materials, and multiple boundary layers can be printed using a kind of interlayer materials,
It can be printed using a variety of interlayer materials.
Further, the non-boundary layer data include non-interface structure data and the non-structural data of non-boundary layer, excellent
Selection of land, the non-interface structure data correspond to the data of space coordinates, and the non-non-structural data of boundary layer correspond to non-interface
The species data of layer material, such as the non-interlayer materials are the material of different colours, then the non-structural number of non-boundary layer
According to for color value, in another example, the non-interlayer materials are material of different nature, then the non-structural number of non-boundary layer
According to for material character data.Specifically, the non-interface layer data is associated with numerous non-boundary layer pixels, for example,
When printing a non-boundary layer, the non-interface structure data include M non-interface structure pixel number evidences, institute
Stating the non-structural data of non-boundary layer includes a kind of material character data, then drive control device is according to M non-interface structure pixels
Point data and a kind of material character data control printhead spray a kind of non-interlayer materials and printed, and ultimately form non-interface
Layer.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the non-boundary layer includes multiple non-boundary layers, wherein, a non-boundary layer
Printed using a kind of non-interlayer materials, multiple non-boundary layers can use a kind of non-interlayer materials to print, can also
Printed using a variety of non-interlayer materials.
Further, the layer printing achievement is printed using moulding material, specifically, shaping is used based on formable layer data
Layer described in file printing prints achievement, and the formable layer data include formable layer structured data and the non-structural data of formable layer, excellent
Selection of land, the formable layer structured data correspond to the data of space coordinates, and the non-structural data of formable layer correspond to moulding material
Species data, such as the material that the moulding material is different colours, then the non-structural data of the formable layer are color value,
In another example the moulding material is material of different nature, then the non-structural data of the formable layer are material character data.Enter one
Step ground, the formable layer data are associated with numerous pixels, for example, the formable layer structured data includes Q structure
Pixel number evidence, the non-structural data of formable layer include P color value, then drive control device is according to Q structure-pixel
Point data and P color value control printhead injection molding material are printed, and ultimately form layer printing achievement.
Further, the interlayer materials to contact with each other are different with the physical property of the moulding material, the boundary
The physical property of surface material is different from the physical property of the non-interlayer materials, so, by adjusting interlayer materials
Species, which can reach, improves peeling rate, environmental protection, the effect for reducing stripping conditions, can by the species for adjusting non-interlayer materials
The beneficial effects such as support effect, improvement 3D dimension of object precision are improved to reach.For example, the interlayer materials selection is water-soluble
Material, the non-interlayer materials selection is water-insoluble and material with enough support strengths, can so substantially reduce
The usage amount of water-soluble material, the requirement of stripping can be met while the usage amount of water can also be reduced.In another example the interface
Layer material selects to be dissolved in the material of solvent, same principle, can also reduce the usage amount of solvent.More specifically,
The interlayer materials and the moulding material to contact with each other correspondingly print the boundary layer to contact with each other and layer printing achievement, but
Boundary layer and layer the printing achievement to contact with each other is not necessarily one-to-one relation, for example, a boundary layer can be contacted only
One layer prints achievement, then a kind of interlayer materials and a kind of moulding material contact with each other；An in another example interface
Layer contacts two layer printing achievements, then a kind of interlayer materials and two kinds of moulding materials contact with each other, and a kind of institute
It is different from the physical property of two kinds of moulding materials to state interlayer materials；Beaten in another example two boundary layers contact a layer
Be printed as fruit, then two kinds of interlayer materials and a kind of moulding material contact with each other, and two kinds of interlayer materials with
A kind of physical property of the moulding material is different, and those skilled in the art can become on this basis dissolves more feelings
Shape, it will not be described here.
In a preferable implementation, the interlayer materials use different mechanicalnesses from the non-interlayer materials
The material of energy, the interlayer materials to contact with each other use the material of different mechanical performances from the moulding material.The machine
Tool performance can be intensity or hardness etc..For example, the interlayer materials select the material of low intensity, the non-boundary layer material
Material is from the high material of intensity, while the interlayer materials meet the moulding material that intensity is less than and the boundary layer is in contact
Intensity, so, the non-boundary layer can provide enough support strengths, ensure the accuracy to size of 3D objects, meanwhile, only
Less mechanical stripping power is needed to use to peel off the boundary layer, non-boundary layer described afterwards is also natural to be beaten with the layer
It is printed as fruit separation.In another example the interlayer materials are high from hardness from the low material of hardness, the non-interlayer materials
Material, while the interlayer materials meet the hardness for the moulding material that hardness is less than and the boundary layer is in contact, then it is described
Non- boundary layer ensures that there is the layer support achievement enough hardness to be unlikely to deform, and the boundary layer ensures the layer support
The release performance of achievement.
Further, in order to which apparent description technical scheme, the 3D objects can be divided into entity knot
Structure and supporting construction, the entity structure are made up of multiple layers of printing achievement, and the supporting construction is by multiple layers of support achievement group
Into then at least partly described supporting construction includes at least two regions, wherein the region being in contact with entity structure is defined as
First area, it is defined as second area away from entity structure and the region that is not contacted with entity structure, correspondingly, described the
One region is made up of multiple boundary layers, and the second area is made up of multiple non-boundary layers, it is preferable that multiple boundary layers connect
Continuous distribution collectively constitutes the first area, and multiple non-boundary layers are continuously distributed to collectively constitute the second area.Specifically
Ground, the entity structure are printed using moulding material, and the supporting construction is printed using backing material, and print firstth area
The backing material that the backing material and the printing second area that domain uses use selects different materials, that is, prints described first
Region is printed using interlayer materials, is printed the second area and is printed using non-interlayer materials.More specifically, printing the
The backing material that one region uses can compared to the moulding material that the entity structure that printing and the first area are in contact uses
To have a variety of different combinations, the material of specifically chosen different colours or material of different nature and or select different colours
The combination of material and heterogeneity material is unrestricted, as long as it meets the mechanicalness for the backing material that printing first area uses
The mechanical performance for the moulding material that the entity structure that printing and the first area are in contact uses, final support knot can be different from
Structure can separate from entity structure and not damage entity structure.The mechanical performance can be intensity, hardness or other branch
At least one of performance that support structure easily separates from entity structure.
In a preferred embodiment, backing material and print the branch that second area uses that printing first area uses
Timbering material, and the printing backing material that uses of first area and the entity structure printed and first area is in contact use into
Meet following condition between section bar material：The mechanical performance performance for the backing material that printing second area uses is higher than the firstth area of printing
The mechanical performance for the backing material that domain uses, the mechanical performance performance of backing material that printing first area uses less than printing and
The mechanical performance for the moulding material that the entity structure that first area is in contact uses, and print the backing material that first area uses
Dosage is less than the dosage for the backing material that printing second area uses.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that because second area is main
Effect is that support is provided in print procedure to the 3D objects with hanging structure, it is ensured that the printing precision of 3D objects, the firstth area
The main function in domain is after not influenceing the formed precision of 3D objects in 3D object manufacturing process and being easy to 3D objects to complete
Make whole supporting construction that the precision of 3D objects is easily separated and do not influenceed from entity structure, so specifically printing second area
Gap and printing first of the backing material that the backing material used uses with printing first area in intensity and/or hardness
The dosage for the backing material that region uses is unrestricted, as long as the supporting construction that its satisfaction is made up of first area and second area
3D objects can be effectively supported in 3D object manufacturing process, will not be because of unfavorable factor shadows such as the deformations or fragmentation of supporting construction
Printing and the formed precision of 3D objects are rung, meets to separate from entity structure completely in the 3D objects rear support structure that completes
And do not damage the precision of 3D objects.
Further, printing the backing material that the backing material that first area uses uses with printing second area is respectively
The backing material of single kind, reduce the mixing between the same area different materials, avoid the same area different piece
Between material situation pockety, avoid the uneven phenomenon for causing layer surface out-of-flatness of layer curing rate, control is every
The programming of layer printing is simple.
As some changes, support structure region can also be divided into by three areas according to the species difference of backing material
Domain, four regions etc., the present invention is unrestricted, as long as it meets that supporting construction can be supported effectively in 3D object manufacturing process
3D objects, printing and the formed precision of 3D objects will not be influenceed because of unfavorable factors such as the deformations or fragmentation of supporting construction, is met
It can be separated completely from entity structure in the 3D objects rear support structure that completes and not damage the precision of 3D objects, herein
Repeat no more.
In the first embodiment, Fig. 2 is to show a kind of planar structure schematic diagram of the 3D objects with hanging structure, should
3D objects are made up of entity structure a and b two parts, and wherein entity structure a is across the formation He of hanging structure 2 on entity structure b
2 ', therefore the direction of arrow is that Z-direction carries out needing to print supporting construction simultaneously in successively print procedure next to beat along figure
Print entity structure a and support is provided, the supporting construction is made up of layer support achievement, the entity structure a and entity structure b
It is made up of layer printing achievement.
Further, in the first embodiment, along Z-direction printing complete ultimately form shown in Fig. 3 include layer branch
The schematic diagram of the 3D objects of achievement is supportted, whole supporting construction is divided into two regions in the present embodiment, first area is and entity
The region that structure a and b are in contact i.e. region 3 and 3 ', second area are that the region away from entity structure a and b is region 4 and 4 '.
Specifically, the first area 3 and 3 ' is made up of the boundary layer, and the second area 4 and 4 ' is made up of the non-boundary layer.
More specifically, if with reference to Fig. 3 as can be seen that each layer support achievement of analysis, each layer support in X direction
Achievement can be made up of the boundary layer and non-boundary layer, only can also be made up of the boundary layer, but each layer support
Achievement only can not be made up of non-boundary layer.
Further, in the first embodiment, printing entity structure a and b is printed using moulding material, the moulding material
Selected from colored photocurable resin material, the supporting construction is printed using backing material, and is printed first area 3 and 3 ' and beaten
Print second area 4 and 4 ' to print using different backing materials, photocuring tree of different nature can be selected in the present embodiment
The photocurable resin material of for example different mechanical strengths of fat material.Preferably, the backing material that printing first area 3 and 3 ' uses
Intensity is less than the backing material intensity that printing second area 4 and 4 ' uses, meanwhile, printing entity structure a and b moulding material are strong
Degree is more than the backing material intensity of printing first area 3 and 3 '.
Further, in the first embodiment, first area 3 and 3 ' can be made up of multiple boundary layers, specifically, printing
The first area and the position relationship of entity structure that the total used in amounts for the backing material that first area 3 and 3 ' uses to be contacted with each other
To determine.Specifically, (X-direction in Fig. 3) and vertical (Z-direction in Fig. 2) establish coordinate system in the horizontal direction, if
First area and entity structure contact with each other in the horizontal direction, then print the total use for the backing material that first area 3 and 3 ' uses
Amount extends to the distance of entity structure to determine according to first area in vertical, for example, can using ink droplet as unit, the
One region is 10 ink droplets in the distance that vertical extends to entity structure；Similarly, if first area and entity structure edge
Vertical contacts with each other, then prints total dosage of backing material that first area 3 and 3 ' uses according to first area in level
Direction extends to the distance of entity structure to determine, such as can extend ink droplet as unit, first area in the horizontal direction
Distance to entity structure is 10 ink droplets.Proceed by successively print when, drive control device obtain processing terminal processing number
According to successively printable layer printing achievement and layer support achievement to control printhead, show that 3D objects print with reference to shown in Fig. 4, in figure
During wherein a certain layer mplifying structure schematic diagram, with reference to description above, first area 3 and 3 ' is uses interlayer materials
The boundary layer of printing, second area 4 and 4 ' are the non-boundary layer that is printed using non-interlayer materials, entity structure 1 be use into
The layer printing achievement of type file printing.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the single layer structure of the 3D objects shown in Fig. 4 is the present invention
Typical structure, change as one kind, in some single layer structures of the second area 4 and 4 ' in 3D objects and be not present.
Further, on the basis of step S101 is performed, step S102 is performed, repeat step S101 forms multiple layers and beaten
It is printed as fruit and multiple layers of support achievement.Specifically, with reference to shown in Fig. 2, forming layer can be successively printed along Z-direction and be printed as
Fruit and layer support achievement, on this basis, then perform step S103, by multiple layers of printing achievement and multiple layers of support achievement phase
Mutually superposition forms 3D objects.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that step S103 is forming step, pass through abovementioned steps S101 and step
S102 is successively printed and is superimposed, and ultimately forms the 3D objects.More specifically, the superposition described in step S103, not
It is the last the step of of just performing, and is accompanied by abovementioned steps and performs, i.e., completes one by the step S101
Layer printing achievement or layer support achievement are superimposed one layer, and the process of this superposition is the process of an accumulation type, what it was superimposed
Direction had both included being superimposed along each layer of bearing of trend, also included the superposition along the fabrication orientation of the target object, all folded
The 3D objects are ultimately formed after the completion of adding.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the 3D objects finally also need to remove support knot
Structure, preferably by mechanical force hit mode, such as can be water impact, ultrasonic activation, by hand peel off at least
It is a kind of.
As the second embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 5 shows another 3D object Method of printing streams with hanging structure
Cheng Tu, comprise the following steps：
Step S201 is first carried out, the target object is layered, and based on every layer of structural information and non-structural
Layer print data described in acquisition of information.Specifically, with reference to the description in previous embodiment, formed after the layering of 3D objects more
Individual individual layer, the building form for the different multiple individual layers of 3D objects can also be different, for example, after a 3D objects layering
In all individual layers formed, fractional monolayer is only made up of layer printing achievement, and fractional monolayer prints achievement by layer and layer supports achievement
Composition, now, there is a variety of the constituted mode of all layers of print data corresponding to the 3D objects, and a kind of mode is：Part layer printing
Data only include formable layer data, and part layer print data includes formable layer data and interface layer data, part layer print data
Including formable layer data, interface layer data and non-interface layer data；Another way is：Part layer print data only includes layer
Forming data, remainder layer print data include formable layer data, interface layer data and non-interface layer data.
In another example all individual layers formed after a 3D objects layering print achievement and layer support achievement composition by layer,
Now, the constituted mode of all layers of print data corresponding to the 3D objects has a variety of, and a kind of mode is：Part layer print data bag
Formable layer data and interface layer data are included, part layer print data includes formable layer data, interface layer data and non-boundary layer
Data；Another way is：All layers of print data include formable layer data, interface layer data and non-interface layer data.
More specifically, step S201 purpose is target object being converted to data mode, and wherein target object can
Structural information and non-structural information are obtained in a manner of by scanning, is then converted into the structural information and non-structural information
The data format of the hierarchy slicing software identification for the terminal that can be processed, such as STL forms, PLY forms, WRL forms.This area skill
Art personnel understand that the structural information and non-structural information are in units of layer, i.e., pass through after described target object is scanned
Delamination software carries out slicing delamination, and then each slicing layer is parsed to obtain every layer of structural information and non-structural information,
Again by every layer of structural information and non-structural information conversion coating print data.
Further, during being parsed to each slicing layer, Rotating fields information described in which part can be only
Including formable layer structural information, can also the part Rotating fields information include formable layer structural information and interface structure is believed
Breath, can also the part Rotating fields information include formable layer structural information, interface structure information and non-interface structure
Information, or can also all Rotating fields information include formable layer structural information, interface structure information and non-boundary
Surface layer structure information, accordingly, the part Rotating fields data can only include formable layer structured data, can also be described in part
Rotating fields data include formable layer structured data and interface structure data, can also the part Rotating fields data include layer into
Type structured data, interface structure data and non-interface structure data, or can also all Rotating fields data it is equal
Including formable layer structured data, interface structure data and non-interface structure data.Similarly, layer described in which part is non-
Structural information can only include the non-structural information of formable layer, can also the non-structural information of the part layer include formable layer it is non-structural
Information and the non-structural information of boundary layer, can also the non-structural information of the part layer include the non-structural information of formable layer, boundary layer
Non-structural information and the non-structural information of non-boundary layer, or can also all non-structural information of layer include formable layer it is non-
The non-structural information of structural information, boundary layer and the non-structural information of non-boundary layer, accordingly, the part non-structural data of the layer can
To only include the non-structural data of formable layer, can also the non-structural data of the part layer include the non-structural data of formable layer and interface
The non-structural data of layer, can also the non-structural data of the part layer include the non-structural data of formable layer, the non-structural data of boundary layer
And the non-non-structural data of boundary layer, or can also all non-structural data of layer include the non-structural data of formable layer,
The non-structural data of boundary layer and the non-structural data of non-boundary layer.Specifically, the non-structural data of the formable layer can include layer
Be molded color data and/or formable layer material character data, the non-structural data of boundary layer include boundary layer color data and/
Or interlayer materials property data, the non-non-structural data of boundary layer include non-boundary layer color data and/or non-boundary layer
Material character data.
Change as one kind, can also directly be drawn out target object by mapping software, conventional mapping software
Such as：CAD, Proe, Solidwork, UG, 3D Max etc., it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that what is drawn out by mapping software is institute
The basic structure model of target object is stated, also needs to match colors to the basic structure drawn out on this basis or selection.With
Exemplified by color matching, conventional color matching mode have it is a variety of, for example, being converted into after directly being matched colors to drawn basic structure model
PLY forms；In another example the drawn basic structure model of mapping software is converted into being matched colors again after STL forms；This area
Technical staff can do different changes on the basis of existing technology, will not be described here.
Further, layer print data only includes formable layer data as described in fruit part, then performs step S2021, be based on
Layer described in formable layer data-printing prints achievement, and those skilled in the art, which combine prior art, can realize step S2021.If
The part layer print data includes formable layer data and interface layer data, then performs step S2022, beaten based on formable layer data
Layer printing achievement is printed, a kind of interlayer materials printing boundary layer is used based on interface layer data；If some or all layers
Print data includes formable layer data, interface layer data and non-interface layer data, then step S2023 is performed, based on formable layer
Data-printing layer prints achievement, based on interface layer data using a kind of interlayer materials printing boundary layer, based on the non-interface number of plies
Non- boundary layer is printed according to using a kind of non-interlayer materials, the step S2022 and S2023 can combine step S101 mode
Realize, will not be repeated here.
Further, on the basis of step S2021, step S2022 and step S2023, band is formed by two ways
There is the target object of supporting construction.First way is：Step S2031 is performed, repeat step S201 first generates multiple layers and beaten
Printing evidence, be then based on multiple layers of print data repeat step S2021 and/or step S2022 and/or step S2023 formed it is more
Individual layer printing achievement and multiple layers of support achievement, then step S2041 is performed, multiple layers of printing achievement and multiple layers of support achievement phase
Mutually superposition forms 3D objects.The second way is：Perform step S2032, be repeated several times step S201 and step S2021 and/
Or step S2022 and/or step S2023 form multiple layers of printing achievement and multiple layers of support achievement, then step S2042 is performed,
And multiple layers of printing achievement and multiple layers of support achievement are overlapped mutually to form 3D objects.
Further, the implementation process of description the present embodiment in further detail below.If layer is beaten corresponding to adjacent two layers
Printing is according to formable layer data are only included, then a repeat step S2021 forms two layer printing achievements；If corresponding to adjacent two layers
Layer print data includes formable layer data and interface layer data, then repeat step S2022 formed two layers printing achievements with
Two boundary layers；If layer print data corresponding to adjacent two layers includes formable layer data, interface layer data and non-interface
Layer data, then repeat step S2023 form two layers printing achievements, two boundary layers and two non-boundary layers；It is if adjacent
In layer print data corresponding to two layers, a layer print data only includes formable layer data, and another layer of print data includes layer
Forming data and interface layer data, then perform step S2021 and form a layer printing achievement, and perform step S2022 and formed
Another layer prints achievement and a boundary layer；If in layer print data corresponding to adjacent two layers, a layer print data is only
Including formable layer data, another layer of print data includes formable layer data, interface layer data and non-interface layer data, then holds
Row step S2021 forms a layer printing achievement, and performs step S2023 and form another layer of printing achievement and an interface
Layer and a non-boundary layer；If in layer print data corresponding to adjacent two layers, a layer print data includes formable layer data
With interface layer data, another layer of print data includes formable layer data, interface layer data and non-interface layer data, then performed
Step S2022 forms a layer printing achievement and a boundary layer, and performs step S2023 and form another layer of printing achievement
With another boundary layer and a non-boundary layer.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the supporting construction so formed is by multiple layers
Achievement composition is supported, while each layer support achievement only can be both made up of boundary layer, can also be by boundary layer and non-boundary
Surface layer forms, and there may be part layer in the different layers of the 3D objects and be only made up of layer printing achievement, or part layer is by layer
Achievement and boundary layer composition are printed, or part layer prints achievement, boundary layer and non-boundary layer by layer and formed, those skilled in the art
The above can be better understood from reference to Fig. 2 to Fig. 4.
Further, the difference of first way and the second way is：First way is：It is layered first soft
Part to whole target object complete be layered and obtain multiple layers of print data corresponding to all layers, then drive control device according to
Multiple layers of print data control printhead successively print, and the second way is：Delamination software separates one to target object first
Layer simultaneously obtains the layer print data of respective layer, and the layer print data for being then based on respective layer completes the printing of respective layer, is printing
During, delamination software separates next layer to target object and obtains next layer of layer print data again, then based on next layer
Layer print data complete next layer of printing, go round and begin again repeat in this way, until target object is printed and finished.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that above two mode can realize the purpose of the present invention.
Further, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that in the present embodiment, the 3D objects finally also need to remove support
Structure, preferably by mechanical force hit mode, such as can be water impact, ultrasonic activation, by hand peel off in extremely
Few one kind.
As another embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 show that a kind of make of the invention has hanging structure
3D objects printing equipment schematic diagram, mainly include：
Processing terminal 5, it is used to the target object being layered, and based on every layer of structural information and non-structural letter
Breath is converted into the layer print data corresponding to every layer, understands that target object 1 can be with reference to the description previously with regard to Method of printing
The object formed for color body or by heterogeneity material, the layer print data can both only include formable layer data,
Formable layer data and interface layer data can be included, or including formable layer data, interface layer data and non-interface layer data.
Specifically, if target object 1 is divided into entity structure and supporting construction, and supporting construction is divided into two regions, then one
Data corresponding to region are interface layer data, and data corresponding to another region are non-interface layer data, as some changes, institute
State supporting construction and be further divided into more regions, correspondingly, the interface layer data and the non-interface layer data may be used also
To be subdivided into a variety of data.More specifically, exemplified by the supporting construction is divided into two regions, a region corresponds to boundary
Surface layer data, the boundary layer data include interface structure data and the non-structural data of boundary layer, wherein, the boundary layer knot
It is structural coordinate data corresponding to structure data, is single backing material property data corresponding to the non-structural data of boundary layer
(such as a certain color body or the object of a certain property)；Another region corresponds to non-interface layer data, the non-interface layer data
Including non-interface structure data and the non-structural data of non-boundary layer, wherein, it is knot corresponding to the non-interface structure data
Structure coordinate data, it is another single backing material property data (such as a certain coloured silk corresponding to the non-non-structural data of boundary layer
The object of color object or a certain property).As a kind of form of presentation of change, processing terminal 5 is can be understood as in the present invention will
Data corresponding to supporting construction are at least divided into two classes, the boundary layer that the first kind is in contact for expression supporting construction with entity structure
Data, the second class is to represent non-interface layer data of the supporting construction away from entity structure, and interface layer data and the non-interface number of plies
According to including two different kinds of backing material property data respectively.
Spray equipment 8, spray equipment are provided with moulding material outlet and the outlet of at least two backing materials, and variety classes
Backing material export and spray via different backing material；Spray equipment can be inkjet printing in present embodiment
Head, ink jet-print head are provided with moulding material passage and at least two backing material passages, and are provided with each passage multiple
Spray orifice, moulding material and different types of backing material are sprayed by the spray orifice on respective passage.
Drive control device 6, it is based on the layer print data and controls the spray equipment 8 to perform printing action.
Further, the realization of the processing terminal and the drive control device function can be hardware, be held by processor
Capable software or combination.Specifically, can be by advance burning program to the place if realized by software module
Manage in device, or by software installation into preset system；If realized by hardware, using field programmable gate array
(FPGA) corresponding function immobilization is realized.
Further, the software module can be stored in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, eprom memory,
The storage medium of hard disk or any other form known in the art.By the way that the storage medium is coupled into processor, so as to
The processor is read information from the storage medium, and information can be write to the storage medium.As
One kind change, the storage medium can be the part of processor, or the processor and the equal position of the storage medium
In on application specific integrated circuit (ASIC).
Further, the hardware can be that by the general processor of concrete function, digital signal processor
(DSP), application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other PLDs, discrete gate or
The combination of transistor logic, discrete hardware components or more these hardware.Change as one kind, can also be set by calculating
Standby combination realizes, for example, the combination of DSP and microprocessor, the combination of multi-microprocessor, one of the combination that communicates with DSP
Or combination of multi-microprocessor etc..
Further, with reference to shown in Fig. 7, the printing equipment specifically includes：Target object 1, processing terminal 5, driving control
Device 6 processed, containers 7 include moulding material container 7a, 7b, 7c and 7d, and interlayer materials container 7e and non-interlayer materials hold
Device 7f, spray equipment 8 (i.e. printhead) include multiple printhead channel 8a~8f, each printhead channel and a containers
Connection, guide rail 9, support platform 10, wherein lifting platform 11, LED 12a and 12b and leveling apparatus 13a and 13b etc., printhead
8 and LED 12a and 12b and leveling apparatus 13a and 13b are installed on the rail 9, the concrete structure of leveling apparatus in the present invention
It is unrestricted, can be smoothing rod, milling cutter etc., as long as it can smooth each layer of surface.
Further, the number of moulding material container is unrestricted, with specific reference to the shaping needed for target object 1 to be printed
Material category determines that the number of moulding material type channel is unrestricted in the present invention, comes with specific reference to actual printing demand
It is determined that.Also include interlayer materials container 7e and non-interlayer materials container 7f in the present invention, and interlayer materials container 7e and
Store the material of different mechanical performances in non-interlayer materials container 7f, two printhead channels 8e and 8f in the present invention are corresponding
Linkage interface layer material container 7e and non-interlayer materials container 7f, and two printhead channels 8e and 8f print boundary layer respectively
Material and non-interlayer materials.
Further, with reference to the description for the embodiment for being previously with regard to Method of printing, moulding material container 7a~7d
Magenta photo-curing material, cyan photo-curing material, yellow photo-curing material and white photo-curing material, boundary layer are stored respectively
The photocuring backing material of containers 7e storage printings first area, non-interlayer materials container 7f storages printing second area
Photocuring backing material, printhead channel 8a~8f connected one to one with containers 7a~7f respectively, and processing terminal 5 is pressed
Target object 1 to be printed is layered according to step S201 mode, obtains the layer print data of target object 1, drive control
Device 6 obtains the layer print data control printhead 8 that processing terminal 5 is handled and successively printed, in spray equipment 8 (printhead)
Both sides are mounted with two smoothing rods or milling cutter 13a and 13b, two LEDs 12a and 12b, printhead, LED and (smoothing rod
Or milling cutter) be installed on guide rail 6, in spray equipment 8 (printhead) carries out successively ink jet printing process, smooth rod or milling cutter
13a and 13b can work simultaneously or alternation, and final purpose makes every layer of surface smooth, LED 12a and 12b can simultaneously work
Make or every layer of material be formed by curing the layer of 3D objects, can also printed in practical application by alternation, final purpose
Multilayer carries out one layer of smoothing, or printing multilayer carries out one-step solidification；Lifting platform 11 every printing complete layer printing achievement or
Person declines certain height after often printing multiple layers of printing achievement of completion, continues to complete the printing of remainder layer printing achievement afterwards,
Final 3D objects are formed in support platform 10, and the 3D objects of formation are removed from support platform, use the side peeled off by hand
Formula peels off the supporting construction on 3D objects, finally gives the 3D objects with hanging structure.
The specific embodiment of the present invention is described above.It is to be appreciated that the invention is not limited in above-mentioned
Particular implementation, those skilled in the art can make various deformations or amendments within the scope of the claims, this not shadow
Ring the substantive content of the present invention.
Claims (22)
1. a kind of Method of printing of the 3D objects with hanging structure, pass through multiple layers of support achievement and multiple layers of printing achievement phase
The mode being mutually superimposed prints 3D objects, it is characterised in that comprises the following steps：
A. a kind of non-boundary is used based on non-interface layer data using a kind of interlayer materials printing boundary layer based on interface layer data
Surface material prints non-boundary layer, and at least partly described layer support achievement is made up of the boundary layer and the non-boundary layer, institute
Boundary layer is stated to isolate the non-boundary layer with layer printing achievement；
Wherein, the layer printing achievement is printed using moulding material, and the interlayer materials to contact with each other and the shaping
The physical property of material is different, and the physical property of the interlayer materials is different from the physical property of the non-interlayer materials；
B. repeating said steps a forms multiple layer support achievements and multiple layer printing achievements, and multiple layers are beaten
It is printed as fruit and multiple layer support achievements is overlapped mutually to form 3D objects.
2. Method of printing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in the 3D objects, the interlayer materials
Total amount is less than the total amount of the non-interlayer materials.
3. Method of printing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that formed by the boundary layer and the non-boundary layer
Layer support achievement in, the total amounts of the interlayer materials is less than the total amount of the non-interlayer materials.
4. Method of printing according to any one of claim 1 to 3, it is characterised in that multiple boundary layers are by described in
Layer printing achievement is isolated with multiple non-boundary layers, and multiple boundary layers are continuously distributed, and multiple non-boundary layers also connect
Continuous distribution.
5. Method of printing according to claim 4, it is characterised in that multiple boundary layers use a kind of boundary layer
File printing, multiple non-boundary layers are printed using a kind of non-interlayer materials.
6. Method of printing according to claim 4, it is characterised in that multiple boundary layers use a variety of boundary layers
File printing, multiple non-boundary layers are printed using a variety of non-interlayer materials.
7. according to the Method of printing any one of claims 1 to 3 and 5 and 6, it is characterised in that what is contacted with each other is described
The physical property of the physical property and the non-interlayer materials of interlayer materials and the moulding material is mechanical performance.
8. Method of printing according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the mechanical performance is intensity or hardness.
9. Method of printing according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the mechanicalness of the interlayer materials to contact with each other
The mechanical performance of the moulding material can be less than.
10. Method of printing according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the mechanical performance of the interlayer materials is less than institute
State the mechanical performance of non-interlayer materials.
11. the Method of printing according to claim 9 or 10, it is characterised in that the layer support achievement is hit by mechanical force
The mode hit removes.
12. Method of printing according to claim 11, it is characterised in that the mode that the mechanical force is hit is water impact
Either ultrasonic activation or by hand stripping.
13. according to the Method of printing any one of claims 1 to 3 and 5 and 6 and 8 to 10 and 12, it is characterised in that
Comprise the following steps before the step a：
A1. the target object is layered and obtains every layer of layer print data, the layer print data comprises at least layer
Forming data, the formable layer data are used to print the layer printing achievement.
14. Method of printing according to claim 13, it is characterised in that the layer print data also includes the boundary layer
Data；Or
The layer print data also includes the interface layer data and the non-interface layer data.
15. Method of printing according to claim 14, it is characterised in that the formable layer data include formable layer structure number
According to the non-structural data of formable layer, the boundary layer data include interface structure data and the non-structural data of boundary layer, described
Non- boundary layer data include non-interface structure data and the non-structural data of non-boundary layer.
16. Method of printing according to claim 15, it is characterised in that the non-structural data of formable layer include formable layer
Color data and/or formable layer material character data, the non-structural data of boundary layer include boundary layer color data and/or boundary
Surface material property data, the non-non-structural data of boundary layer include non-boundary layer color data and/or non-interlayer materials
Property data.
17. according to the Method of printing any one of claims 1 to 3 and 5 to 6 and 8 to 10 and 12 and 14 to 16, its feature
It is, the moulding material, the interlayer materials and the non-interlayer materials are photo-curing material.
A kind of 18. printing equipment for making the 3D objects with hanging structure, it is characterised in that including：
Processing terminal, it is used for the layer print data that the target object is layered to and obtained every layer；
Spray equipment, the spray equipment be provided with the outlet of at least one moulding material, the outlet of at least one interlayer materials and
At least one non-interlayer materials outlet；
Drive control device, it is based on the layer print data and controls the spray equipment to perform printing action.
19. printing equipment according to claim 18, it is characterised in that the spray equipment is printhead, the shaping
Material outlet is the moulding material passage of the printhead, and each moulding material passage is provided with multiple moulding material sprays
Hole, the interlayer materials outlet are the interlayer materials passage of the printhead, and each interlayer materials passage is set
There are multiple interlayer materials spray orifices, the non-interlayer materials outlet is the non-interlayer materials passage of the printhead, each
The non-interlayer materials passage is provided with multiple non-interlayer materials spray orifices.
20. printing equipment according to claim 19, it is characterised in that also used including photocuring source, the photocuring source
In solidification moulding material, the interlayer materials and the non-interlayer materials.
21. printing equipment according to claim 20, it is characterised in that the photocuring source is UV light sources, infrared light supply
Or electron beam.
22. printing equipment according to claim 21, it is characterised in that also including straightening mechanism, it is used for the layer
Print achievement, the boundary layer and the non-boundary layer smoothing.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610806448.1A CN107803982B (en) | 2016-09-06 | 2016-09-06 | Printing method and device for 3D object with suspension structure |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610806448.1A CN107803982B (en) | 2016-09-06 | 2016-09-06 | Printing method and device for 3D object with suspension structure |
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| CN107803982B CN107803982B (en) | 2020-05-12 |
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| CN113021561A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-06-25 | 上海建工建材科技集团股份有限公司 | 3D printing concrete printing support device and printing support method |
| CN113021561B (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2022-05-31 | 上海建工建材科技集团股份有限公司 | 3D printing concrete printing support device and printing support method |
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