CN107799730A - Method for preparing anode material, positive electrode and battery - Google Patents
Method for preparing anode material, positive electrode and battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN107799730A CN107799730A CN201610792826.5A CN201610792826A CN107799730A CN 107799730 A CN107799730 A CN 107799730A CN 201610792826 A CN201610792826 A CN 201610792826A CN 107799730 A CN107799730 A CN 107799730A
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- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- positive electrode
- phosphoric acid
- preparation
- vanadium
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- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- ZVKRVGZVXQYLPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[V].P(O)(O)(O)=O Chemical compound [Li].[V].P(O)(O)(O)=O ZVKRVGZVXQYLPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- FNLJLQUTIUDEHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid vanadium Chemical compound [V].OP(O)(O)=O FNLJLQUTIUDEHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052493 LiFePO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- YWJVFBOUPMWANA-UHFFFAOYSA-H [Li+].[V+5].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O Chemical compound [Li+].[V+5].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O YWJVFBOUPMWANA-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 11
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 graphite Alkene Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical group [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- UNTBPXHCXVWYOI-UHFFFAOYSA-O azanium;oxido(dioxo)vanadium Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-][V](=O)=O UNTBPXHCXVWYOI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 6
- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium acetate Chemical compound [Li+].CC([O-])=O XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001083 polybutene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021542 Vanadium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- QUEDYRXQWSDKKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M [O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[OH-] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[OH-] QUEDYRXQWSDKKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- SNKMVYBWZDHJHE-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].OP(O)([O-])=O SNKMVYBWZDHJHE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- GRUMUEUJTSXQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium dioxide Chemical compound O=[V]=O GRUMUEUJTSXQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Phosphate ion(2-) Chemical compound OP([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 235000009754 Vitis X bourquina Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 25
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 15
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- DMEJJWCBIYKVSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium vanadium Chemical compound [Li].[V] DMEJJWCBIYKVSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 12
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012002 vanadium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000002791 glucosyl group Chemical group C1([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O1)CO)* 0.000 description 4
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- QSNQXZYQEIKDPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Fe] Chemical compound [Li].[Fe] QSNQXZYQEIKDPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910000398 iron phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001722 carbon compounds Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008246 gaseous mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229910001386 lithium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PXRKCOCTEMYUEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-aminoisoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound NC1=CC=C2C(=O)NC(=O)C2=C1 PXRKCOCTEMYUEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010013786 Dry skin Diseases 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910012820 LiCoO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002097 Lithium manganese(III,IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005030 aluminium foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002389 environmental scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000686 essence Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003049 inorganic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001867 inorganic solvent Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OVAQODDUFGFVPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium cobalt(2+) dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Mn](=O)(=O)([O-])[O-].[Co+2] OVAQODDUFGFVPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003836 solid-state method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010129 solution processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
Present invention is disclosed a kind of positive electrode and preparation method thereof.Positive electrode includes LiFePO4, phosphoric acid vanadium lithium and graphene, and phosphoric acid vanadium lithium or LiFePO4 and phosphoric acid vanadium lithium are matrix, graphene coated phosphoric acid vanadium lithium or LiFePO4 and phosphoric acid vanadium lithium, and the covering amount of graphene is 1.5~5wt% of matrix material.Preparation method comprises the following steps：Phosphoric acid vanadium lithium pre-burning powder is prepared, by LiFePO4 and phosphoric acid vanadium lithium pre-burning powder and organic carbon source mixed sintering.High rate performance and the superior anode material of lithium battery of cryogenic property can be obtained by the preparation method of the present invention.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of batteries, and in particular to a kind of preparation method of positive electrode.
A kind of battery the invention further relates to positive electrode and using the positive electrode.
Background technology
The 1980s, scientists were sent out to find environmentally friendly new energy materialses on the basis of lithium primary cell
Opened up can discharge and recharge lithium secondary battery.Because positive electrode is material the most key in generally acknowledged lithium ion battery, its property
Energy quality will directly affect battery properties (energy storage density, cycle life, security etc.), so it develops also most worth pass
Note.Stratiform cobalt acid lithium (LiCoO is proposed in Goodenough etc.2) be used as positive electrode and realize business in nineteen ninety by Sony companies
After productization application, people are found that other anode material for lithium-ion batteries in succession.LiFePO4 (LiFePO4) as a kind of
Olivine-type Cathode Material in Li-ion Batteries, compared compared with other lithium ion battery materials (LiMn2O4, nickle cobalt lithium manganate etc.), possess environment
It is pollution-free, cheap, have extended cycle life and the clear superiority such as security height, thus as miniaturized electronics, electric tool,
The preferred material of electrokinetic cell and following large-scale energy storage device.But there is also ion and electronic conductivity are relatively low for LiFePO4
(about 10-9S·cm-1) the shortcomings of, limit its electricity under the reversible capacity and low temperature in the case of big multiplying power current charge-discharge electricity
Chemical property.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to provide a kind of preparation method of positive electrode, and this method can improve just
The granule-morphology of pole material, so as to improve its chemical property.
The invention provides a kind of preparation method of positive electrode, the preparation method comprises the following steps：By lithium source, vanadium
Source, phosphorus source, the first carbon source mix according to predetermined ratio, ball milling, obtain the first well mixed solution；By first solution
Processing is dried, obtains presoma；Presoma is placed under inert atmosphere and carries out preheating, calcined temperature 200-450
DEG C, burn-in time is 2-10 hours, obtains phosphoric acid vanadium lithium pre-burning powder；By phosphoric acid vanadium lithium pre-burning powder and LiFePO4 according to mass ratio
x:1-x is mixed, and adds second carbon source grinding, the product of acquisition, which is placed in inert atmosphere, to be sintered, and the temperature range of sintering is
600-950 DEG C, sintering time is 5-16 hours.
Preferably, the scope of predetermined mol ratio is 2.9-3.3:2.9-3.3:2.Further, predetermined mol ratio is
3:3:2。
Preferably, the lithium source is at least one of lithium dihydrogen phosphate, lithium nitrate, lithium acetate, lithium hydroxide.
Preferably, the vanadium source is at least one in vanadic anhydride, vanadium trioxide, vanadium dioxide and ammonium metavanadate
Kind.
Preferably, phosphorus source is at least one of ammonium phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, phosphoric acid.
Preferably, first carbon source is carbon compound, includes but are not limited to carbohydrate, organic acid, organic acid esters, small
Molecule alcohol and other carbon containing high-molecular compounds, such as at least one of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and citric acid (CA).
Preferably, the second carbon source is the one or more in glucose, polyvinyl alcohol, POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL, polybutene alcohol.
Preferably, second carbon source is glucose or polyvinyl alcohol.
Preferably, the calcined temperature is 300-400 DEG C, and burn-in time is 4-6 hours.
Preferably, the x values are 0 to 10%.
Preferably, using the gross weight of phosphorus source, lithium source, vanadium source and the first carbon source as 100%, first carbon source is 5-
15wt%.
Preferably, second carbon source accounting is 5~15wt%.
Preferably, the temperature of the sintering is 700-800 DEG C, and sintering time is 8-16 hours.
Powder is pre-processed by being mixed into a small amount of phosphoric acid vanadium lithium in LiFePO4, under the high temperature conditions, organic carbon source is in vanadium
The lower catalysis generation graphene of effect, and graphene is a kind of excellent material of electric conductivity, graphene is in LiFePO4 and phosphoric acid
The electronics of material and the conductance of ion can be improved in certain degree by being uniformly distributed in vanadium lithium material, so as to improve phosphoric acid
The multiplying power and cryogenic property of iron lithium.By the preparation method of anode material for lithium-ion batteries provided by the invention, can obtain
Grain is uniformly distributed, the positive electrode of graphene uniform cladding, and the material has excellent cycle performance and cryogenic property.
The invention also provides a kind of anode material of lithium battery.Positive electrode includes LiFePO4, phosphoric acid vanadium lithium and graphite
Alkene, LiFePO4 and phosphoric acid vanadium lithium are matrix, graphene-coated lithium iron phosphate and phosphoric acid vanadium lithium, and the covering amount of graphene is matrix
1.5~5wt% of material.
Preferably, the proportion of the phosphoric acid vanadium lithium and LiFePO4 is x:1-x, wherein 0<X≤10%.
Preferably, the particle of the positive electrode is class elliposoidal, and the size range of particle is 50-300nm.
The present invention also provides a kind of positive electrode, including phosphoric acid vanadium lithium and graphene, and phosphoric acid vanadium lithium is matrix, graphene bag
Phosphoric acid vanadium lithium is covered, the covering amount of graphene is 1.5~5wt% of matrix material.
Preferably, the particle of the positive electrode is spherical that the size range of particle is 0.5-2um.
Compared with prior art, positive electrode provided by the invention, the granule-morphology of material is uniform, graphene uniform cladding
In phosphoric acid vanadium lithium matrix or LiFePO4 with phosphoric acid vanadium lithium matrix, lifting the property of LiFePO4 or lithium vanadium phosphate material
Energy.
The present invention also provides a kind of battery, including positive pole, negative pole and electrolyte, and positive pole includes above-mentioned positive electrode.
Compared with prior art, battery proposed by the present invention shows higher cryogenic property, cycle performance and forthright again
Energy.
Brief description of the drawings：
The XRD for the positive electrode that Fig. 1 is embodiment 1-3 and comparative example 1 synthesizes；
The SEM figures for the positive electrode that Fig. 2 is embodiment 1-3 and comparative example 1 synthesizes；
Fig. 3 is the TEM figures for the positive electrode that embodiment 3 synthesizes；
The first charge-discharge curve of the battery for the positive electrode composition that Fig. 4 is embodiment 1-3 and comparative example 1 synthesizes；
The cycle performance test curve of the battery for the positive electrode composition that Fig. 5 is embodiment 1-3 and comparative example 1 synthesizes；
The high rate performance test of the battery for the positive electrode composition that Fig. 6 is embodiment 1-3 and comparative example 1 synthesizes is removed；
The low temperature (- 20 DEG C) of the battery for the positive electrode composition that Fig. 7 is embodiment 1-3 and comparative example 1 synthesizes is forthright again
Can test curve.
Fig. 8 is the SEM figures for the positive electrode that embodiment 7 and 8 synthesizes；
Fig. 9 is the TEM figures for the positive electrode that embodiment 7 and 8 synthesizes.
Embodiment
In order that technical problem solved by the invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are more clearly understood, below in conjunction with
Embodiment, the present invention will be described in further detail.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is only explaining
The present invention, it is not intended to limit the present invention.
The present invention proposes a kind of preparation method of positive electrode, the positive electrode of preparation be phosphoric acid vanadium lithium composite or
Person's lithium iron phosphate/lithium vanadium phosphate composite material.
Embodiment one【Phosphoric acid vanadium lithium】
Present embodiment is related to a kind of positive electrode of lithium battery, specifically, a kind of lithium vanadium phosphate material, including vanadium phosphate
Lithium and graphene, phosphoric acid vanadium lithium are matrix, graphene coated phosphoric acid vanadium lithium, the covering amount of graphene for matrix material 1.5~
5wt%.
The particle of lithium vanadium phosphate material is substantially elliposoidal, and the size range of particle is 0.5-2um.Preferably, particle
Size range be 0.5~1um.It is understood that lithium vanadium phosphate material can also be spherical, rhombus or other similar to ellipse
Spherical shape.Using phosphoric acid vanadium lithium as matrix, the graphene uniform of fold is coated on phosphoric acid vanadium lithium.
Lithium vanadium phosphate material can be obtained by following preparation method.
The preparation method of phosphoric acid vanadium lithium in present embodiment comprises the following steps：Prepare phosphoric acid vanadium lithium pre-burning powder.By phosphorus
Sour vanadium lithium pre-burning powder mixes with organic carbon source, carries out high temperature sintering under an inert atmosphere, obtains lithium vanadium phosphate material.
The method for preparing phosphoric acid vanadium lithium pre-burning powder comprises the following steps：By lithium source, phosphorus source and vanadium source according to predetermined mole
Than mixing, a certain amount of first carbon source of addition is placed in addition acetone in ball grinder and is well mixed, and well mixed solution is put into
It is dried to obtain presoma in baking oven, carrying out preheating to presoma under an inert atmosphere obtains phosphoric acid vanadium lithium pre-burning powder.
In phosphoric acid vanadium lithium pre-burning powder, the mixture containing V2O3, Li3PO4 etc..
Lithium source is at least one of lithium dihydrogen phosphate, lithium acetate, lithium nitrate, lithium hydroxide.It is preferred that use lithium acetate.
Vanadium source is one or more in vanadic anhydride, vanadium trioxide, vanadium dioxide and ammonium metavanadate.Preferably, vanadium
Source is ammonium metavanadate.
Phosphorus source is at least one of ammonium phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, phosphoric acid.Preferably, phosphorus source is phosphoric acid
One kind in ammonium dihydrogen, diammonium hydrogen phosphate.
The scope of predetermined mol ratio is 2.9-3.3:2.9-3.3:2.Preferably, predetermined mol ratio is 3:3:2.
The mode of mixing can be mechanical agitation or ball milling.Wherein, the equipment of ball milling can be stirring ball mill, mill
Sand machine, colloidal mill, airslide disintegrating mill, impact type micro ball-mill, air-flow spiral pulverizing mill, impact grinder or bar type
Mechanical crusher.Ball grinder and Material quality of grinding balls are stainless steel, corundum, zirconium oxide or agate.The rotating speed of ball milling mixing is 200-
500 rpms.The time of ball milling is 0.5-12 hours.
Ball milling can use dry ball milling, can also use wet ball grinding.In order to ensure that various raw materials can be well mixed,
Preferably use wet ball grinding.Accordingly, used solvent can be selected from organic or inorganic solvent during ball milling, for example, acetone or
The small solvent of other polarity of person, selected solvent do not react with any of which raw material but can provide phase between raw material
The environment of mutual reactance.Preferably, using acetone, while the requirement of safety and cost is met.
First carbon source plays reducing agent in synthesis, and pentavalent vanadium is reduced into trivalent vanadium.First carbon source, which can be selected from, to be contained
Carbon compound, include but are not limited at least one of carbohydrate, grease, organic acid, organic acid esters and small molecular alcohol.Carbohydrate can
With selected from glucose, sucrose etc..The mass percent of first carbon source is 5~15wt%.
Inert atmosphere is at least one of argon gas, nitrogen, helium, argon hydrogen gaseous mixture.Preferably, inert atmosphere is nitrogen
Gas.
Dry method can include but are not limited to mixture being placed in baking oven to be dried, and dry temperature is
60-150 DEG C, the dry time is 4~8 hours.Preferably, drying temperature is 110 DEG C, and drying time is 6 hours.
Second carbon source is organic carbon source, can specifically be selected from polyalkenylalcohols or glucose, and polyalkenylalcohols includes but are not limited to
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL or polybutene alcohol.The mass percent of second carbon source is 5-15wt%, it is preferred that the second carbon
Source 8wt%.
High temperature sintering temperature is 600-950 DEG C, it is preferred that sintering temperature is 650~800 DEG C.It is furthermore preferred that sintering temperature
For 750 DEG C.Sintering time is 5-16 hours, preferably 8-16 hours.Phosphoric acid vanadium lithium/graphene combination electrode is obtained after sintering
Material.
During high-temperature heating, organic carbon source in the presence of vanadium, forms fold in phosphoric acid vanadium lithium pre-burning powder
Graphene, the surface of phosphoric acid vanadium lithium particle is coated on, so as to form stable phosphoric acid vanadium lithium/graphene complex.
The lithium vanadium phosphate material prepared by such a method, coated with uniform have a certain amount of graphene, have more preferable
High rate performance and cryogenic property.
Embodiment two【Phosphoric acid vanadium lithium/LiFePO4】
Present embodiment is related to a kind of positive electrode of lithium battery, specifically, a kind of composite ferric lithium phosphate material, including phosphorus
Sour iron lithium, phosphoric acid vanadium lithium and graphene.Wherein, LiFePO4 and phosphoric acid vanadium lithium are matrix, graphene-coated lithium iron phosphate and phosphorus
Sour vanadium lithium, the covering amount of graphene are 1.5~5wt% of matrix material.
The particle of LiFePO 4 material is substantially elliposoidal, and the size range of particle is 50~300nm, it is preferred that
The size range of grain is 50-200nm.It is understood that LiFePO 4 material can also be almost spherical, rhombus or other
The shape of similar elliposoidal.Using LiFePO4 and phosphoric acid vanadium lithium as matrix, the graphene uniform of fold is coated on LiFePO4
On phosphoric acid vanadium lithium.
LiFePO 4 material can be obtained by following preparation method.
Step 1：Prepare phosphoric acid vanadium lithium pre-burning powder.
Step 2：Prepare lithium iron phosphate/lithium vanadium phosphate composite material.By phosphoric acid vanadium lithium pre-burning powder, LiFePO4 and have
Machine carbon source is mixed, and carries out high temperature sintering under an inert atmosphere, obtains lithium iron phosphate/lithium vanadium phosphate composite material.
In step 1, the pre-burning powder of phosphoric acid vanadium lithium is obtained by being prepared with the preparation method identical mode in embodiment one
.
In step 2, LiFePO4 can be that known any method for preparing LiFePO4 obtains as one of raw material,
Include but are not limited to high temperature solid-state method, carbothermic method and sol-gel process etc..
Using LiFePO4, phosphoric acid vanadium lithium pre-burning powder as raw material, mixed according to predetermined ratio, form uniform mixing
Thing；Second carbon source grinding is added, high temperature sintering, acquisition lithium iron phosphate/lithium vanadium phosphate are compound under an inert atmosphere for the product of acquisition
Material.
The predetermined ratio of LiFePO4 and phosphoric acid vanadium lithium is LiFePO4：Phosphoric acid vanadium lithium=(1-x):x.Wherein, 0<x
≤ 10%.
The mode that phosphoric acid vanadium lithium and LiFePO4 are mixed can be mechanical agitation or ball milling.Wherein, ball milling is set
Standby can be stirring ball mill, skin grinder, colloidal mill, airslide disintegrating mill, impact type micro ball-mill, air-flow spiral micro mist
Machine, impact grinder or bar type mechanical crusher.Ball grinder and Material quality of grinding balls are stainless steel, corundum, zirconium oxide or agate
Nao.The rotating speed of ball milling mixing is 200-500 rpms.The time of ball milling is 0.5-12 hours.
Appropriate solvent can be added during grinding, to ensure that various raw materials can be well mixed, it is preferred that solvent can be
Absolute ethyl alcohol.
Second carbon source is organic carbon source, can specifically be selected from polyalkenylalcohols or glucose, and polyalkenylalcohols includes but are not limited to
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL or polybutene alcohol.The mass percent of second carbon source is 5-15wt%, it is preferred that the second carbon
The mass percent in source is 8wt%.
Inert atmosphere is at least one of argon gas, nitrogen, helium, argon hydrogen gaseous mixture.Preferably, inert atmosphere is nitrogen
Gas.
High temperature sintering temperature is 600-950 DEG C, it is preferred that sintering temperature is 650~800 DEG C.It is furthermore preferred that sintering temperature
For 750 DEG C.Sintering time is 5-16 hours, preferably 8-16 hours.Cooled down under an inert atmosphere after sintering, obtain phosphorus
Sour iron lithium/phosphoric acid vanadium lithium/graphene combination electrode material.
During high-temperature heating, organic carbon source in the presence of vanadium, forms fold in phosphoric acid vanadium lithium pre-burning powder
Graphene, the surface of LiFePO4 and phosphoric acid vanadium lithium particle is coated on, so as to form stable lithium iron phosphate/lithium vanadium phosphate/stone
Black alkene complex.
Below by embodiment, the present invention is further described.
Embodiment 1：
By lithium acetate, ammonium metavanadate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate according to mol ratio be 3:2:3 mixing, 15wt% citric acid is added,
Zirconia ball is as abrading-ball.Above material is added in ball grinder, addition acetone mixing progress wet ball grinding, the slurry after wet ball grinding
Material is dried 6 hours at 110 DEG C in an oven.In N2Lower 400 DEG C of atmosphere protection carries out pre-burning 6 hours, and the heating rate of pre-burning is 3
℃/min.Thus, phosphoric acid vanadium lithium pre-burning powder is obtained.
By iron phosphate powder and phosphoric acid vanadium lithium pre-burning powder according to mass ratio 98%:2% is mixed, and adds 8wt%'s
Polyvinyl alcohol is ground mixing.N is positioned over again after well mixed2Under protective atmosphere, 750 DEG C, sinter 12 hours, sintering
Heating rate is 3 DEG C/min.Thus, positive electrode is obtained after sintering, is denoted as A1.
Embodiment 2：
Except that, the mass ratio of the phosphoric acid vanadium lithium pre-burning powder added in raw material is 5wt%, its remaining part with embodiment 1
Divide with embodiment 1.Positive electrode is obtained, is denoted as A2.
Embodiment 3：
Except that, the mass ratio of the phosphoric acid vanadium lithium pre-burning powder added in raw material is 10wt%, its remaining part with embodiment 1
Divide with embodiment 1.Positive electrode is obtained, is denoted as A3.
Comparative example 1：
Directly using 1g iron phosphate powders and 0.08g polyvinyl alcohol as raw material, add absolute ethyl alcohol and disperseed, make material
Material is well mixed.The material for mixing acquisition is ground, is placed under nitrogen atmosphere after drying, is burnt with 750 DEG C of temperature
Knot obtains positive electrode in 12 hours, is denoted as B1.
Embodiment 4：
Except that, second carbon source is glucose, and other parts are the same as embodiment 1 with embodiment 1.Obtain positive electrode,
It is denoted as A4.
Embodiment 5：
Except that, second carbon source is glucose, and other parts are the same as embodiment 2 with embodiment 2.Obtain positive electrode,
It is denoted as A5.
Embodiment 6：
Except that, second carbon source is glucose, and other parts are the same as embodiment 3 with embodiment 3.Obtain positive electrode,
It is denoted as A6.
Embodiment 7：
By lithium acetate, ammonium metavanadate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate according to mol ratio be 3:2:3 mixing, 15wt% citric acid is added,
Zirconia ball is as abrading-ball.Above material is added in ball grinder, addition acetone mixing progress wet ball grinding, the slurry after wet ball grinding
Material is dried 6 hours at 110 DEG C in an oven.In N2Lower 400 DEG C of atmosphere protection carries out pre-burning 6 hours, and the heating rate of pre-burning is 3
℃/min.Thus, phosphoric acid vanadium lithium pre-burning powder is obtained.
By 1g phosphoric acid vanadium lithium pre-burnings powder, 0.15g polyvinyl alcohol, add absolute ethyl alcohol and disperse to make it well mixed.After grinding
N is positioned over again2Under protective atmosphere, 750 DEG C, sinter 12 hours, the heating rate of sintering is 3 DEG C/min.Thus, obtained after sintering
Anode material vanadium lithium phosphate finished powder is obtained, is denoted as A7.
Embodiment 8：
As different from Example 7, mixed with phosphoric acid vanadium lithium pre-burning powder be sintered be 0.15g glucose, other
Part is the same as embodiment 7.Positive electrode is obtained, is denoted as A8.
Comparative example 2：
As different from Example 7, mixed with phosphoric acid vanadium lithium pre-burning powder be sintered be 0.15g citric acid, other
Part is the same as embodiment 7.Positive electrode is obtained, is denoted as B2.
Using the crystal structure of X-ray diffraction (XRD) observation material, using ESEM (SEM) and projection Electronic Speculum (TEM)
Observe the pattern and grain diameter of positive electrode.
Embodiment 1-8, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 dependence test result are as follows.
Positive electrode material phase analysis (XRD)：
As seen from Figure 1, lithium iron phosphate positive material exists without obvious crystalline phase impurity.It is described above, the phosphoric acid of addition
When vanadium lithium pre-burning powder ratio is smaller, phosphoric acid vanadium lithium can measure in the final positive electrode of formation content very little；Increase phosphorus
The ratio of sour vanadium lithium pre-burning powder, the characteristic peak of phosphoric acid vanadium lithium can be measured in final positive electrode.
Positive electrode morphology analysis (SEM＆TEM)：
Referring to accompanying drawing 2 and accompanying drawing 3, wherein accompanying drawing 2a) be the positive electrode of comparative example 1 pattern；2b)~2d) correspond to respectively
In the shape appearance figure of the positive electrode of embodiment 1~3.The particle size for the positive electrode that embodiment 1-3 is prepared be 50~
300nm.The particle of iron phosphate compound anode material of lithium is elliposoidal, and lithium iron phosphate/lithium vanadium phosphate is by the graphene of one layer of fold
Cladding.
Referring to accompanying drawing 8 and accompanying drawing 9, wherein, Fig. 8 a) corresponding to the shape appearance figure of the positive electrode of embodiment 7；Fig. 8 b) correspond to
The shape appearance figure of the positive electrode of embodiment 8.The phosphoric acid vanadium lithium particle size that embodiment 7 and 8 prepares is 0.5-2 μm.Phosphorus
Sour vanadium lithium particle is similar elliposoidal, by the graphene coated of one layer of fold.
The preparation of battery：
Battery types are button cell, model CR2032.
Electrolyte is that 1mol/L lithium hexafluoro phosphates are solute, and solvent is that mass ratio is 1：1：1 ethylene carbonate, carbonic acid two
Ethyl ester, dimethyl carbonate mix.
Barrier film is celgard2400 thin polymer films.
It is prepared by positive plate：The positive electrode that will be prepared in embodiment 1, conductive agent acetylene black, adhesive polyvinylidene fluoride
Alkene is 8 according to mass ratio：1：1 mixing, wherein Kynoar is dissolved in 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE, mass fraction 5%, is mixed
Coated on aluminium foil after closing uniformly, thickness is 200 μm, and after 80 DEG C of dryings 6 hours, a diameter of Φ 14mm electrode slice is made.Electricity
Pole piece active material load capacity is 2.0mg or so.Negative plate selects simple metal lithium piece.Glove box under argon gas protection carries out battery
Assembling.
Accordingly, using the material prepared in embodiment 2-8 and comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 as positive electrode, according to
The battery that identical mode prepares.
Electrochemical property test：
Electrochemical property test is carried out to embodiment 1~6 and comparative example 1 according to following test condition.
Test voltage section：2.2-4.3V.
Test electric current：1C=160mA/g.
Battery testing temperature：25 ± 2 DEG C of normal temperature, low temperature -20 ± 2 DEG C.
Referring to accompanying drawing 4~7, the battery performance test result of embodiment 1-3 and comparative example 1.With reference to the accompanying drawings 4, comparative example 1
The specific capacity discharged first is suitable with the first discharge specific capacity in other embodiment, still, due to the positive pole of embodiment 1~3
There is the presence of phosphoric acid vanadium lithium in material, discharge platform occur near 3.6V and 4.0V accordingly.And comparative example 1 is only about
3.4V discharge platform.This also illustrates there is the composition of phosphoric acid vanadium lithium in positive electrode A1~A3 from another point of view.
Table 1 is the multiplying power test result of embodiment 1-6 and comparative example 1.
Table 1
As can be seen that the specific capacity for the positive electrode that each embodiment obtains is better than the theoretical specific capacity of phosphoric acid vanadium lithium
133mAh/g, less than the theoretical specific capacity 170mAh/g of LiFePO4.The first discharge specific capacity base of each embodiment and comparative example
This quite, circulates 100 weeks specific discharge capacities under 1C multiplying powers and capability retention is substantially very nearly the same.
Under the small multiplying power such as 0.5C, 1C, comparative example B1 specific discharge capacity outline is higher than embodiment A2, A3, A5 and A6
Specific discharge capacity.And under the big multiplying power such as 15C, 20C, add the embodiment A1-A6 of phosphoric acid vanadium lithium pre-burning powder specific discharge capacity
Significantly larger than comparative example B1 specific discharge capacity.Discharge-rate is bigger, and advantage is more obvious.
Due to organic carbon source polyvinyl alcohol, catalysis generates graphene, graphite in the presence of vanadium in phosphoric acid vanadium lithium pre-burning powder
Alkene can be uniformly coated on LiFePO4 and phosphoric acid vanadium lithium matrix, improve the conductance of the ion and electronics in material.
Table 2 is embodiment A3 and comparative example B1 cryogenic property test result.
Table 2
With reference to the accompanying drawings 7 and table 2 in result can be seen that the positive electrode low temperature times of the phosphoric acid vanadium lithium that with the addition of 10wt%
Rate performance is better than the low temperature high rate performance of LiFePO4 in comparative example.
Electrochemical property test is carried out to embodiment 7,8 and comparative example 2 according to following test condition.
Test voltage section：3.0-4.3V.
Test electric current：1C=120mA/g.
Battery testing temperature：25 ± 2 DEG C of normal temperature.
Table 3 is the high rate performance test result of positive electrode prepared by embodiment 7, embodiment 8 and comparative example 2.
Table 3
It can be seen that compared with the high rate performance of common lithium vanadium phosphate material, the phosphoric acid vanadium lithium in the present embodiment is compound
The performance of material is more superior.Particularly under the conditions of high-discharge-rate, using the phosphoric acid vanadium lithium of the preparation method acquisition in the present invention
Material property is particularly pertinent.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
All any modification, equivalent and improvement made within refreshing and principle etc., should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (19)
- A kind of 1. anode material of lithium battery, it is characterised in that：The positive electrode includes LiFePO4, phosphoric acid vanadium lithium and graphite Alkene, LiFePO4 and phosphoric acid vanadium lithium are matrix, graphene-coated lithium iron phosphate and phosphoric acid vanadium lithium, and the covering amount of graphene is matrix 1.5~5wt% of material.
- 2. anode material of lithium battery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the ratio of the phosphoric acid vanadium lithium and LiFePO4 Example scope is x:1-x, wherein 0<X≤10%.
- 3. anode material of lithium battery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the particle of the positive electrode is class ellipsoid Shape, the size range of particle is 50-300nm.
- 4. a kind of anode material of lithium battery, it is characterised in that the positive electrode includes phosphoric acid vanadium lithium and graphene, phosphoric acid vanadium lithium For matrix, graphene coated phosphoric acid vanadium lithium, the covering amount of graphene is 1.5~5wt% of matrix material.
- 5. anode material of lithium battery according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the particle of the positive electrode is class ball Shape, the size range of particle is 0.5~2um.
- 6. a kind of battery, including positive pole, negative pole and electrolyte, it is characterised in that the positive pole is included as appointed in claim 1-5 Positive electrode described in one.
- 7. a kind of preparation method of anode material for lithium-ion batteries, it is characterised in that the preparation method comprises the following steps：Lithium source, vanadium source, phosphorus source, the first carbon source are mixed according to predetermined ratio, ball milling, obtain the first well mixed solution；Processing is dried in first solution, obtains presoma；Presoma is placed under inert atmosphere and carries out preheating, calcined temperature is 200-450 DEG C, and burn-in time is that 2-10 is small When, obtain phosphoric acid vanadium lithium pre-burning powder；By phosphoric acid vanadium lithium pre-burning powder and LiFePO4 according to mass ratio x:1-x is mixed, and adds second carbon source grinding, acquisition Product is placed in inert atmosphere and sintered, and the temperature range of sintering is 600-950 DEG C, and sintering time is 5-16 hours.
- 8. the preparation method of positive electrode according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：The lithium source be lithium dihydrogen phosphate, At least one of lithium nitrate, lithium acetate, lithium hydroxide.
- 9. the preparation method of positive electrode according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：The vanadium source be vanadic anhydride, At least one of vanadium trioxide, vanadium dioxide and ammonium metavanadate.
- 10. the preparation method of positive electrode according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：Phosphorus source is ammonium phosphate, biphosphate At least one of ammonium, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, phosphoric acid.
- 11. the preparation method of positive electrode according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：First carbon source is containing carbonization Compound, include but are not limited to carbohydrate, organic acid, organic acid esters, small molecular alcohol and other carbon containing high-molecular compounds.
- 12. the preparation method of positive electrode according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：The second carbon source be glucose, One or more in polyvinyl alcohol, POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL, polybutene alcohol.
- 13. the preparation method of positive electrode according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：The calcined temperature is 300-400 DEG C, burn-in time is 4-6 hours.
- 14. the preparation method of positive electrode according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：The x values are 0 to 10%.
- 15. the preparation method of positive electrode according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：With phosphorus source, lithium source, vanadium source Gross weight with the first carbon source is 100%, and the content of first carbon source is 5-15wt%.
- 16. the preparation method of positive electrode according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：The temperature of the sintering is 700- 800 DEG C, sintering time is 8-16 hours.
- A kind of 17. preparation method of lithium vanadium phosphate material, it is characterised in that：The preparation method comprises the following steps：By lithium source, Vanadium source, phosphorus source, the first carbon source mix according to predetermined ratio, ball milling, obtain the first well mixed solution；It is molten by described first Liquid, which is placed in baking oven, to be dried to obtain presoma；Presoma is placed under inert atmosphere and carries out preheating, calcined temperature is 200-450 DEG C, burn-in time is 2-10 hours, obtains phosphoric acid vanadium lithium pre-burning powder；Phosphoric acid vanadium lithium pre-burning powder is mixed with second carbon source Grinding is closed, the product of acquisition, which is placed in inert atmosphere, to be sintered, and temperature range is 600-950 DEG C, and sintering time is 5-16 hours.
- 18. the preparation method of positive electrode according to claim 17, it is characterised in that：First carbon source is containing carbonization Compound, include but are not limited to carbohydrate, organic acid, organic acid esters, small molecular alcohol and other carbon containing high-molecular compounds.
- 19. the preparation method of positive electrode according to claim 17, it is characterised in that：The second carbon source is grape One or more in sugar, polyvinyl alcohol, POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL, polybutene alcohol.
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