CN107784886A - Miniature Synchronous generator control all-in-one based on synchronized phasor data, system - Google Patents
Miniature Synchronous generator control all-in-one based on synchronized phasor data, system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses the control of the miniature Synchronous generator based on synchronized phasor data all-in-one, system, including：Microprocessor unit, power amplification unit, wired network communication unit, wireless communication unit and relay unit；First microprocessor and the second microprocessor receive local side synchronized phasor data by the first wired network communication unit and perform Increment Type Digital Hydraulic PID, result of calculation is sequentially connected power amplifier, gate-controlled switch power supply and miniature Synchronous generator, finally realizes that miniature Synchronous generator excitation automatically adjusts and is automatically adjusted with frequency；3rd microprocessor receives local side and other side side synchronized phasor data, control relay circuit, liquid crystal display circuit, key control circuit and wireless communication unit.The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：Integrate the automation excitation regulation function, automatic frequency regulatory function, quasi- simultaneous interconnecting function of miniature Synchronous generator, improve the ability of the global monitoring of system and Collaborative Control.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of miniature Synchronous generator control all-in-one and system based on synchronized phasor data, with clothes
Business device application program Seamless integration-.
Background technology
Conventional Synchronous generator analogy method is divided into physical simulating method and software analogy method.
Physical simulating method is based on similarity law, simulation Synchronous generator and substantial synchronization generating set have it is identical or
Similar physical characteristic, this method is directly perceived and independent of known mathematical modeling and mathematic parameter, meets new equipment and new calculation
The test of method needs, and also allows for seeking the unknown physical characteristic in power system.Cost is high, and long in time limit, element is huge, safeguards tired
Difficulty, extend the development that the characteristics of difficult limits physical simulation system.
Synchronous generator is equivalent to one group of differential algebraic equations, and other power system component collection by software analogy method
In Cheng Yi virtual platform, flexibly light, friendly interface, operational capability are strong for this method, are easy to build large-scale electrical power system.
But software simulation is dependent on known mathematical modeling and accurate mathematic parameter, it is difficult to new physical characteristic is disclosed, it is unfavorable
It is familiar with power system physical component and physical phenomenon in experimenter.
For miniature Synchronous generator on the basis of substantial synchronization generating set physical characteristic is retained, volume-diminished is conventional
The size of experiment equipment, the characteristic of true prime mover is simulated by miniature cocurrent electromotor, and miniature three-phase synchronous generator carrys out mould
Intend substantial synchronization generator.It is miniature Synchronous generator small volume, low cost, easy to maintenance, while it is soft to avoid power system
Part simulation is not directly perceived enough and the drawbacks of depending on known mathematical model and mathematic parameter.Miniature Synchronous generator on the one hand can be with
For verifying existing scientific theory, unknown scientific concept is sought；On the other hand the physics experiment teaching of student, side be can be used for
Raw set up of giving financial aid to students recognizes to the sense organ of power system physical component, excites learning interest.
The monitoring of miniature Synchronous generator directly influences the safety and stability of whole physical simulation system with control.Tradition
Monitoring unit include voltage transformer, current transformer and speed measuring coder；Conventional control unit includes speed regulator, encouraged automatically
Magnestat, grid-connecting apparatus and all kinds of protection devices.Monitoring unit and control unit are mostly forceful electric power unit, multiple lists in laboratory
Member is connected with each other and is also easy to produce Electrical Safety hidden danger；Each monitoring unit and control unit are scattered independent, and species is various, adds the overall situation
Monitoring and the difficulty of Collaborative Control.Each reason causes traditional monitoring and control unit to be unsuitable for miniature Synchronous generator above.
Synchronous phasor measurement is the new technology in power system monitoring field.Synchronized phasor information is including Three-phase Power Systems just
Sequence voltage amplitude, positive sequence voltage phase angle, forward-order current amplitude, forward-order current phase angle and frequency values.Voltage magnitude information can be with
For miniature Synchronous generator adjustment of field excitation, frequency information can be used for miniature synchronous generator class frequency regulation；All
Synchronous phasor measurement unit positions by GPS time services, and synchronized phasor information has unified markers, can be used for completing miniature synchronization
Generating set and net operation.
It is very must to design a kind of miniature Synchronous generator control all-in-one based on synchronized phasor data as can be seen here
Want.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is exactly to solve the above problems, there is provided a kind of miniature synchronous generator based on synchronized phasor data
Unit allocation all-in-one, system, it has control accuracy height, fast response time, real-time is good, is wirelessly transferred, is easy for installation, group
Net the advantages of flexible；With server application Seamless integration-, the starting of miniature Synchronous generator can be completed and stop behaviour
Make, automatic frequency regulation operates, automation excitation regulation operates, the operation of quasi- simultaneous interconnecting.
To achieve the above object, the present invention uses following technical proposals, including：
The invention discloses a kind of miniature Synchronous generator based on synchronized phasor data to control all-in-one, including：It is micro-
Processor unit, power amplification unit, rearrangeable switch power subsystem and relay unit；
The microprocessor unit includes：
First microprocessor, local side synchronized phasor data are received, and the data are sent to the second microprocessor；Together
When, carry out automation excitation regulation process using the voltage magnitude data of acquisition；
Data after automation excitation regulation process are successively after power amplification unit and rearrangeable switch power subsystem
Into the miniature synchronous generator in local side, automatically controlling for miniature synchronous generator set end voltage amplitude is realized；
Second microprocessor, receives the local side synchronized phasor data of first microprocessor forwarding, and the data are sent out
Deliver to the 3rd microprocessor；Meanwhile carry out automatic frequency regulation process using the local side frequency data of acquisition；
Data after automatic frequency regulation process are successively after power amplification unit and rearrangeable switch power subsystem
Into the miniature synchronous generator in local side, automatically controlling for miniature synchronous generator class frequency is realized；
3rd microprocessor, while the local side synchronized phasor data of reception the second microprocessor forwarding and other side side are same
Walk phasor data；When 3rd microprocessor receives the grid-connected instruction that server main website is sent, local side synchronized phasor number is utilized
Quasi- simultaneous interconnecting process, when quasi- simultaneous interconnecting condition meets, control relay list are carried out according to other side side synchronized phasor data
Member completes the local miniature synchronous generator in side and net operation.
Further, the all-in-one also includes：Landline communication unit and wireless communication unit；
The first microprocessor receives local side synchronized phasor data by Landline communication unit；
3rd microprocessor receives other side side synchronized phasor data by Landline communication unit；
3rd microprocessor passes through wireless communication unit and server master station communication.
Further, the relay unit includes relay protection circuit, the four road photoelectric couplings being sequentially connected in series
Circuit and No. four relays.
Further, the quasi- simultaneous interconnecting condition includes：Grid-connected frequency condition, grid-connected voltage amplitude perturbations and grid-connected electricity
Press phase condition；
The grid-connected frequency condition is：Local side synchronized phasor frequency values and other side side synchronized phasor frequency values difference it is exhausted
0.1Hz is not more than to value；
Grid-connected voltage phase condition is：Local side synchronized phasor voltage-phase value and other side side synchronized phasor voltage-phase value
The absolute value of difference is not more than 3Deg；
Grid-connected voltage amplitude perturbations are：Local side synchronized phasor voltage magnitude and other side side synchronized phasor voltage magnitude difference
Absolute value be not more than 2V.
Further, the automation excitation regulation process is based on Increment Type Digital Hydraulic pid control algorithm, by miniature synchronous generator
Machine exciting current is as controlled device, and miniature synchronous generator set end voltage amplitude is as controlled variable.
Further, the automatic frequency regulation process is based on Increment Type Digital Hydraulic pid control algorithm, by miniature synchronous generator
Armature voltage is as controlled device, and miniature synchronous generator generator terminal frequency values are as controlled variable.
Further, described Increment Type Digital Hydraulic pid control algorithm is specially：
If -1 sampling instant controlled variable u of kthk-1For：
Kth time -1 sampling instant controlled variable value of sampling instant controlled variable value and kth is subtracted each other, obtains increment type number
Word pid control algorithm expression formula：
Δuk=uk-uk-1=Kp (ek-ek-1)+Ki×ek+Kd(ek-2ek-1+ek-2)；
Wherein, k is kth time sampling instant；ukFor kth time sampling instant controlled variable value；uk-1For the sampling of kth -1 time when
Carve controlled variable value；ejFor jth time sampling instant controlled variable deviation, j=1,2,3 ... k；Kp is proportionality coefficient；Ki is integration
Coefficient；Kd is differential coefficient.
The invention also discloses a kind of miniature synchronous generator set control system based on synchronized phasor data, including：
A kind of miniature Synchronous generator control all-in-one based on synchronized phasor data, wired network communication unit, nothing
Line network communication unit, the local miniature Synchronous generator in side, the miniature Synchronous generator in other side side, the local light-duty synchronization in side to
Measure all-in-one, the vectorial all-in-one of the light-duty synchronization in other side side and server main website；
The miniature Synchronous generator in local side connects with the light-duty synchronous vectorial all-in-one in local side, and the other side side is micro-
Type Synchronous generator connects with the light-duty synchronous vectorial all-in-one in other side side；
The miniature Synchronous generator control all-in-one by wired network communication unit and local side it is light-duty it is synchronous to
Amount all-in-one and the other side side vectorial all-in-one of light-duty synchronization communicate respectively；The miniature Synchronous generator control all-in-one passes through
Wireless communication unit and server master station communication.
Further, the miniature Synchronous generator includes miniature synchronous generator and miniature cocurrent electromotor, two
Motor coaxle is connected, highly identical, and rotating speed is consistent.
Further, the miniature Synchronous generator control all-in-one receives the sheet of the local miniature Synchronous generator in side
The other side side synchronization vector data of the miniature Synchronous generator of ground side synchronization vector data and other side side；
The data of the reception obtain voltage magnitude and local side frequency respectively after data check, data decoding procedure
Value；
The voltage magnitude and local side frequency values are respectively after Increment Type Digital Hydraulic pid control algorithm, and output quantity is through putting
Miniature the synchronous generator exciting winding and miniature cocurrent electromotor with the miniature Synchronous generator in local side are controlled after big respectively
The rearrangeable switch power subsystem of armature winding connection, and then miniature Synchronous generator set end voltage amplitude and frequency are realized respectively
Automatically control；
The control command of the miniature Synchronous generator control all-in-one the reception server main website, utilizes the local side
Synchronized phasor data and other side side synchronized phasor data, the miniature synchronous generator in local side is controlled to complete simultaneously net operation.
Beneficial effect of the present invention：
The present invention collects the automation excitation regulation function, automatic frequency regulatory function, the quasi- same period of miniature Synchronous generator simultaneously
Net function is in one；Data source uses synchronized phasor measured data, has unified markers, improves the global monitoring of system and collaboration
The ability of control；Three microprocessor Designs ensure the relatively independent of each functional module, reduce the difficulty of secondary development；Wireless network
Network communication unit realizes being bi-directionally connected for Monitoring Data and control command between the present invention and server main website, simplifies experiment and connects
Line.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is system global structure figure；
Fig. 2 is miniature Synchronous generator structure chart；
Fig. 3 is system software architecture diagram；
Fig. 4 is cable network unit connection diagram；
Fig. 5 is radio network unit wiring diagram；
Fig. 6 is relay unit wiring diagram；
Fig. 7 is relay protection circuit wiring diagram；
Fig. 8 is key control unit wiring diagram；
Fig. 9 is power amplification unit LM358 wiring diagrams；
Figure 10 is pid control algorithm flow chart；
Figure 11 is automation excitation regulation algorithm flow chart；
Figure 12 is that automatic frequency adjusts algorithm flow chart；
Figure 13 is defined simultaneous interconnecting algorithm flow chart.
Embodiment：
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
A kind of miniature Synchronous generator control all-in-one based on synchronized phasor data, as shown in figure 1, including：First
Microprocessor, the second microprocessor, the 3rd microprocessor, the first power amplifier, the second power amplifier, the first cable network
Communication unit, the second wired network communication unit, wireless communication unit, uncontrollable Switching Power Supply, the first gate-controlled switch electricity
Source, the second gate-controlled switch power supply, key control unit, liquid crystal display, relay protection circuit, photoelectric coupling circuit and
No. four relays.
The local light-duty synchronous phasor measurement all-in-one in side monitors the running status of the miniature Synchronous generator in local side in real time,
Monitoring Data is believed network by the first wired network communication unit by cable-network transmission to the first wired network communication unit
Breath is converted into universal serial bus information and transmitted to the first universal serial bus of first microprocessor.
On the one hand local side synchronized phasor measured data that first microprocessor receives the first universal serial bus carries out data
Verification and data decoding, for automation excitation regulation program；On the other hand the synchronized phasor information the first universal serial bus received
The first universal serial bus of the second microprocessor is forwarded to through the second universal serial bus.
Data check in the present invention is the inspection to packet integrity degree, packet continuity.Data are decoded as foundation
Light-duty synchronized phasor measures all-in-one data format and carries out data parsing, obtains voltage magnitude, voltage-phase and frequency values.
On the one hand information that second microprocessor receives the first universal serial bus carries out data check and data are decoded for certainly
Dynamic frequency regulation program is used；On the other hand it is micro- the information of the first universal serial bus reception to be forwarded to the 3rd by the second universal serial bus
Manage the first universal serial bus of device.
The light-duty synchronous phasor measurement all-in-one in other side side monitors the running status of the miniature Synchronous generator in other side side in real time,
Monitoring Data is believed network by the second wired network communication unit by cable-network transmission to the second wired network communication unit
Breath is converted into universal serial bus information and transmitted to the first universal serial bus of the 3rd microprocessor.
3rd microprocessor receives the other side side synchronous phasor measurement data of the second universal serial bus and first serial total simultaneously
The local side synchronous phasor measurement data of line, it is miniature same to obtain local side and other side side by data check and data decoding procedure
Walk the frequency information of generator, voltage magnitude information, voltage phase information.
3rd microprocessor is established double-direction radio with server main website by wireless communication unit and is connected, local side and
On the one hand other side side synchronous phasor measurement information is shown in a liquid crystal display；On the other hand it is real by wireless communication unit
When upload onto the server main website.
In addition, server main website is sent control command to the 3rd microprocessor by wireless communication unit；3rd
Microprocessor connects No. 4 relays by protection circuit with photoelectric coupling circuit, for controlling the miniature synchronous generator in local side
Complete simultaneously net operation.
First microprocessor, the second microprocessor and the 3rd microprocessor are the central computing module based on ARM.At present
In 32 bit processors, the STM32F407 microprocessor performances based on ARMCortex-M4 kernels are excellent, cheap, application
The most extensively, therefore three microprocessor units select STM32F407 microprocessors.
STM32F407 based on aim at require high-performance, low cost, low-power consumption real-time application specially design
ARMCortex-M4 kernels, internal clock frequencies are up to 168MHz.The analog to digital of 3 12 precision built in STM32F407 turns
Parallel operation, the digital-analog convertor of 2 12 precision, 6 serial bus communication interfaces, while the processor employ adaptive
Answer real-time memory accelerator art so that program zero-waiting performs, and the efficiency of program execution is improved, by Cortext-M4's
Performance has performed to ultimate attainment.
Microprocessor 1 receives the synchronized phasor number that local side synchronous phasor measurement unit sends by cable network unit 1
According on the one hand the data are forwarded to microprocessor 2 by serial bus interface 1, data are on the other hand passed through in microprocessor 1
Voltage magnitude is obtained after verification, data decoding procedure, microprocessor 1 send voltage magnitude as input quantity into automation excitation regulation
Program, the numeric results of automation excitation regulation program are converted to analog voltage and exported by digital-analog convertor, then pass through computing
Analog voltage is carried out power amplification by amplifier 1, and the analog voltage after power amplification is sent into gate-controlled switch power supply as input quantity
1, the output end of Linear Control gate-controlled switch power supply 1 changes in direct current 0V between 220V, and then connects miniature synchronous generator exciting
Winding overhang, realize the purpose that miniature synchronous generator set end voltage amplitude automatically controls.
Microprocessor 2 receives the local side synchronized phasor number forwarded through microprocessor 1 by serial communication bus interface 1
According on the one hand the data are sent to microprocessor 3, on the other hand in microprocessor by the serial bus interface 2 of microprocessor 2
Local side frequency values are obtained in 2 after data check, data decoding procedure, microprocessor 2 is sent frequency values as input quantity
Enter automatic frequency regulation program, the numeric results that digital-analog convertor adjusts automatic frequency program are converted to analog voltage
Output, then analog voltage is carried out by power amplification by operational amplifier 2, the analog voltage after power amplification is re-used as input quantity
Gate-controlled switch power supply 2 is sent into, the output end of Linear Control gate-controlled switch power supply 2 changes in direct current 0V between 250V, and then connects micro-
Type direct-current motor armature winding both ends, realize the purpose of miniature Synchronous generator Automatic Frequency Control.
Automation excitation regulation program and automatic frequency regulation program use Increment Type Digital Hydraulic pid control algorithm, increment type
Digital PID Algorithm includes control object, controlled quentity controlled variable, controlled device and controlled variable.The algorithm is by controlled variable deviation
Ratio, integration and differential form controlled quentity controlled variable by linear combination, and control target is controlled with this controlled quentity controlled variable.
Microprocessor 3 receives the local side synchronized phasor number forwarded through microprocessor 2 by serial communication bus interface 1
According to passing through serial bus interface 2 and receive other side side synchronized phasor data.On the one hand, local side and other side side synchronized phasor data
By data check, data decoding procedure, display is in a liquid crystal display；On the other hand, local side and other side side synchronized phasor
Data are sent to server main website by wireless communication unit.When microprocessor 3 receives the grid-connected instruction that server main website is sent,
Quasi- simultaneous interconnecting program is sent the synchronized phasor measured data of local side and other side side as input quantity into, treat quasi- simultaneous interconnecting bar
Part meets that control relay is completed and net operation.
Synchronized phasor measured data is measured and is calculated by light-duty synchronous phasor measurement all-in-one.Light-duty synchronized phasor is surveyed
All-in-one is measured to realize using existing structure；Preferably, from Application No.：201310139338.0 patent name is：Based on embedding
Enter the device disclosed in the light-duty synchronous phasor measurement all-in-one of formula operating system.
Digital-analog convertor is STM32F407 microprocessors embedded digital-analog converter.STM32F407 microprocessors
Three 12 Accuracy Figure-analog converters built in device, conversion frequency are up to 2.4 megahertzs, support most 24 passages outputs.
It is pointed out that the local side synchronized phasor data in the present invention are surveyed for the light-duty synchronized phasor all-in-one in local side
The miniature Synchronous generator synchronized phasor data in local side measured；Other side side synchronized phasor data are the light-duty synchronization in other side side
The miniature Synchronous generator synchronized phasor data in other side side that phasor all-in-one measurement obtains.
The miniature Synchronous generator in local side in the present invention is the miniature Synchronous generator to be integrated into power network；Other side side
Miniature Synchronous generator is the miniature Synchronous generator for having been incorporated into power network.
Wired network communication unit 1 and wired network communication unit 2 are someone's Internet of Things company production USR-TCP232-E2
Ethernet turns serial communication modular.
Wireless communication unit is that someone's Internet of Things company production USR-WIFI232-D2 embedded serial ports turn WiFi module.
Power amplifier 1 and power amplifier 2, it is dual operational amplifier LM358.
Liquid crystal display is the Industry Control display of 7 inches of 800*480 resolution ratio.
As shown in Fig. 2 miniature Synchronous generator is made up of miniature synchronous generator and miniature cocurrent electromotor, two electricity
The coaxial horizontal connection of machine, highly identical, rotating speed is consistent.
Miniature cocurrent electromotor rated power 185W, armature winding rated voltage 220V, armature winding rated current 1.2A,
Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection rated voltage 220V, Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection rated exciting current 0.16A, armature winding and Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection are by outside terminal
Draw.
In the present invention, miniature cocurrent electromotor uses 220V constant excitation megnets, and it is defeated to adjust miniature cocurrent electromotor armature winding
Enter voltage and can control miniature Synchronous generator rotating speed and frequency values；
Miniature synchronous generator rated power 170W, Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection rated voltage 14V, Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection rated exciting current
1.2A, Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection end are drawn by outside terminal, and regulation Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection exciting current size is that can control its armature winding
Output voltage amplitude, the output of armature winding three-phase are drawn by outside terminal.
For miniature synchronous generator, rotating speed and frequency values have following relation：
n：Miniature synchronous generator rotating speed (rev/min)；f：Miniature synchronous generator generator terminal frequency (Hz)；p：Miniature synchronous hair
Motor pole logarithm；
System software architecture diagram is illustrated in figure 3, local side synchronous phasor measurement information is sent to first micro- place simultaneously
Manage device, the second microprocessor and the 3rd microprocessor.Local side synchronous phasor measurement information passes through number in first microprocessor
According to verification and data decoding procedure, the miniature synchronizing generator voltage amplitude in local side is obtained, and then using voltage magnitude as input
Variable is sent into automation excitation regulation program to maintain miniature synchronous generator set end voltage constant amplitude；Local side synchronized phasor is surveyed
Amount information passes through data check and data decoding procedure in the second microprocessor, obtains the miniature synchronous generator unit frequency in local side
Value, and then automatic frequency regulation program is sent into maintain miniature synchronous generator generator terminal frequency values using frequency values as input variable
It is constant；3rd microprocessor carries out data to local side synchronous phasor measurement information and other side side synchronous phasor measurement information simultaneously
Verification and data parsing, obtain two places miniature synchronous generator set end voltage amplitude, voltage-phase and frequency values and send to service
Device main website, is simultaneously displayed in liquid crystal display；3rd microprocessor can be controlled by control button and server software, work as reception
During to control command, quasi- simultaneous interconnecting program is performed, finds appropriate grid-connected opportunity, completes simultaneously net operation.
As shown in figure 4, wired network communication unit includes RJ45 network communication interfaces, network service serial communication conversion core
Piece and serial bus interface.RJ45 network communication interfaces receive synchronized phasor measured data, network information serial communication conversion core
The network information is converted into serial communication information by piece.Serial communication interface is divided into transmission interface Tx and receiving interface Rx, wired
The serial communication receiving interface Rx of the serial communication transmission interface Tx connection microprocessors of network communication unit, wired network communication
The serial communication transmission interface Tx of the serial communication receiving interface Rx connection microprocessors of unit, network service serial communication conversion
Chip realizes the bi-directional conversion of network communicated information and serial communication information.
As shown in figure 5, wireless communication unit include serial communication interface, serial communication network communication conversion chip and
Wireless network transmission/receiver.Serial communication interface is divided into transmission interface Tx and receiving interface Rx, wireless communication unit
The serial communication receiving interface Rx of the microprocessor of serial communication transmission interface Tx connections the 3rd, wireless communication unit it is serial
The serial communication transmission interface Tx of the microprocessor of communications reception interface Rx connections the 3rd, serial communication network communication conversion chip are real
Serial communication information and the bi-directional conversion of network communicated information are showed, wireless network transmission/receiver realizes the 3rd microprocessor
The double-direction radio of Monitoring Data and control command transmits between device and server main website.
As shown in fig. 6, relay unit includes public protection circuit, photoelectric coupling circuit and relay.Microcontroller 3
Four road control lines are directly connected to No. four photoelectrical couplers, then output control A phase, B phase, C phase by photoelectrical coupler, N cross streams
The closure of circuit or disconnection.Photoelectrical coupler ensure that data side weak current part and control the physical isolation of side strong power part, carry
The security of system is risen；Public protection circuit is directly attempted by between four road control lines and signal ground, prevents that relay from being
Malfunction occurs for electric initial stage on system.
As shown in fig. 7, relay protection circuit includes charging capacitor C1, filter capacitor C4, non-door controller
SN74AHCT1G14DCKR, triode MMBT3904LT1G and resistance be 1K current-limiting resistance R8, R9, R10, the work(of the circuit
Can prevent relay from being malfunctioned initial stage in system electrification.
System electrification initial stage, charging capacitor C1 electricity underfills, electric current flow through current-limiting resistance R10 through C1 and finally flow into letter
Number ground GND, now non-door controller U14 left end is that high level is numeral 1, and the right-hand member of NOT gate is numeral 0 for low level, three poles
Voltage difference is 0 between pipe Q1 base stage and emitter stage, and base stage does not have electric current to flow into triode, causes colelctor electrode Prot also without electricity
Stream flows into triode, and transistor collector Prot is directly connected to the input of photoelectrical coupler, therefore photoelectrical coupler inputs
Electric current is 0, and photoelectrical coupler disconnects all the time, is not controlled by microcontroller 3, avoids relay from being missed initial stage in system electrification
It is dynamic.
System electrification for a period of time after, charging capacitor C1 charging completes, without electric current from C1 through current-limiting resistance R10 flow into
GND, now NOT gate U14 left end is that low level is numeral 0, and the right-hand member of NOT gate is numeral 1 for high level, triode Q1 base stages and
Voltage difference is 5V between emitter stage, triode ON, and base stage has electric current to flow into triode, and colelctor electrode Prot also has electric current to flow into three
Pole pipe, and transistor collector Prot is directly connected to the input of photoelectrical coupler, therefore photoelectrical coupler allows input current
Circulation, the state of relay are controlled by microcontroller 3.
As shown in figure 8, key control unit includes current-limiting resistance R8, R13, R14, R15, R16, R17 that resistance is 10K,
Key switch S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S1-S6 is respectively by PC3, PC0, PC1, PC10, PC9 and PC8 of the 3rd microprocessor
Pin real time scan, close or flick to judge that the position of switch is in.The function of key switch is as follows, S1：Skip, S2：
Move up, S3：Confirm, S4：Move to left, S5：Move down, S6：Move to right.
Power amplification unit LM358 wiring diagrams are illustrated in figure 9, No. 8 pins connect 12V DC power supply, and No. 4 pins connect signal
Ground, LM358 and digital-to-analog conversion chip are altogether to ensure that LM358 and digital-analog convertor have identical with reference to electricity
It is flat.LM358 No. 1 pin, No. 2 pins, No. 3 pins collectively constitute operational amplifier, and No. 1 pin is directly connected to digital-to-analog
The positive pole of converter, export again after No. 3 pin short circuits of No. 2 pins and output.Positive pole inputs during operational amplifier works
Pin 1 and negative pole input pin 2 are equivalent to short circuit state, No. 2 and No. 3 pin short circuits, and then the incoming level of pin 1 always etc.
In the output level of pin 3.Therefore LM358 is equivalent to voltage follower in the present invention, is ensureing input voltage and output voltage
It is worth in the case of identical, is effectively improved the load capacity of digital-to-analogue conversion chip.
It is as shown in Figure 10 Increment Type Digital Hydraulic pid control algorithm flow chart, includes proportional component, integral element, differential ring
Section, controlled device, controlled variable u (t), controlled variable desired value udAnd controlled variable deviation e (t), controlled variable deviation e
(t) it is controlled variable u (t) and controlled variable desired value udBetween difference, researcher can set controlled variable desired value in advance
ud。
Increment Type Digital Hydraulic pid control algorithm is described below：
If controlled variable expression formula is as follows
u(t)：The value of t controlled variable；e(t)：T controlled variable deviation；Kp：Proportionality coefficient；Ki：Integration system
Number；Kd：Differential coefficient；
Because microcomputer control is substantially controlling of sampling, it can only be calculated and be exported according to discrete sampled value to realize
Control purpose.Therefore, the integral term in formula (2) and differential term can not be used directly, it is necessary to carry out the processing of discretization.The present invention
Processing method be：Using T as the sampling period, k correspond to continuous time t as sampling sequence number, then discrete sampling time kT, product
Subitem with Rectangular Method numerical integration come it is approximate, differential term with single order backward difference approximation replacement, can obtain the conversion of formula (3), if
- 1 sampling instant controlled variable expression formula of kth is as follows：
k：Kth time sampling instant；uk-1：- 1 sampling instant of kth controls value；ej：Jth time sampling instant controlled variable
Deviation；Kp：Proportionality coefficient；Ki：Integral coefficient；Kd：Differential coefficient；j：Coefficient 1,2,3 ... k；
Kth time sampling instant control value and kth -1 sampling instant control value is subtracted each other, you can obtain increment type number
Word pid control algorithm expression formula：
Δuk=uk-uk-1=Kp (ek-ek-1)+Ki×ek+Kd(ek-2ek-1+ek-2) (4)
uk=uk-1+Δuk (5)
uk：Kth time sampling instant control value；If computer uses the constant sampling period, as long as three before and after use
The controlled variable deviation of secondary measurement, it is possible to by obtaining control value next time, i.e., digital recursive control algorithm.
As shown in figure 11, minisize dc electric generator Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection voltage is controlled device, miniature synchronous generator generator terminal electricity
Pressure amplitude value is controlled variable.Decoded miniature Synchronous generator voltage magnitude is sent into first microprocessor as feedback quantity
Increment Type Digital Hydraulic PID control program, data signal output are converted into by embedded digital-analog converter of first microprocessor
For 0-3.3V analog electrical signals, analog electrical signal is followed by the first gate-controlled switch power supply in power amplifier LM358 amplifications, linearly
The first gate-controlled switch power output end is controlled to change in direct current 0V between 220V, the first gate-controlled switch power output end is directly connected to
Miniature synchronous generator exciting winding both ends control miniature synchronous generator set end voltage width to control its exciting current
Value.Whole system is closed-loop control system, and Increment Type Digital Hydraulic PID control program ensure that the voltage amplitude of miniature Synchronous generator
Value stabilization is in desired value.
As shown in figure 12, miniature cocurrent electromotor armature winding voltage is control object, miniature synchronous generator generator terminal frequency
Rate value is controlled variable.Decoded miniature Synchronous generator frequency values are sent into the increment of the second microprocessor as feedback quantity
Formula digital IIR filters program, data signal output are converted into 0- by embedded digital-analog converter of the second microprocessor
3.3V analog electrical signals, analog electrical signal are followed by the second gate-controlled switch power supply by power amplifier LM358 amplifications, linearly
The second gate-controlled switch power output end is controlled to change in direct current 0V between 250V, the second gate-controlled switch power output end is directly connected to
Micro synchronous motor armature winding both ends control miniature synchronous generator generator terminal frequency values to control its voltage.Entirely
System is closed-loop control system, and Increment Type Digital Hydraulic PID control program ensure that the generator terminal frequency value stabilization of miniature synchronous generator
In desired value.
Be defined simultaneous interconnecting algorithm flow chart as shown in figure 13, and local side synchronous phasor measuring device monitors local side in real time
Miniature synchronous generator, other side side synchronous phasor measuring device monitor the miniature synchronous generator in other side side, synchronized phasor number in real time
Measured according to including miniature synchronous generator set end voltage amplitude, voltage-phase value and frequency values, local side metric data and other side side
Survey data and be sent to the 3rd microprocessor.When the 3rd microprocessor receives the grid-connected instruction of server main website transmission, hold
The quasi- simultaneous interconnecting program of row.If meet grid-connected frequency condition, grid-connected voltage amplitude perturbations and grid-connected voltage phase condition simultaneously,
Complete simultaneously net operation；If three grid-connected conditions can not be met simultaneously, continue waiting for next data point and judge whether to meet simultaneously again
Net condition.
Although above-mentioned the embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to accompanying drawing, model not is protected to the present invention
The limitation enclosed, one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that on the basis of technical scheme those skilled in the art are not
Need to pay various modifications or deformation that creative work can make still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
- A kind of 1. miniature Synchronous generator control all-in-one based on synchronized phasor data, it is characterised in that including：Microprocessor Device unit, power amplification unit, rearrangeable switch power subsystem and relay unit；The microprocessor unit includes：First microprocessor, local side synchronized phasor data are received, and the data are sent to the second microprocessor；Meanwhile Automation excitation regulation process is carried out using the voltage magnitude data of acquisition；Data after automation excitation regulation process enter after power amplification unit and rearrangeable switch power subsystem successively The local miniature synchronous generator in side, realizes automatically controlling for miniature synchronous generator set end voltage amplitude；Second microprocessor, receive first microprocessor forwarding local side synchronized phasor data, and by the data send to 3rd microprocessor；Meanwhile carry out automatic frequency regulation process using the local side frequency data of acquisition；Data after automatic frequency regulation process enter after power amplification unit and rearrangeable switch power subsystem successively The local miniature synchronous generator in side, realizes automatically controlling for miniature synchronous generator class frequency；3rd microprocessor, while receive the local side synchronized phasor data and other side side synchronization phase of the forwarding of the second microprocessor Measure data；When 3rd microprocessor receives the grid-connected instruction that server main website is sent, using local side synchronized phasor data and Other side side synchronized phasor data carry out quasi- simultaneous interconnecting process, and when quasi- simultaneous interconnecting condition meets, control relay unit is complete Into the miniature synchronous generator in local side and net operation.
- 2. a kind of miniature Synchronous generator control all-in-one based on synchronized phasor data as claimed in claim 1, it is special Sign is, in addition to：Landline communication unit and wireless communication unit；The first microprocessor receives local side synchronized phasor data by Landline communication unit；3rd microprocessor receives other side side synchronized phasor data by Landline communication unit；3rd microprocessor passes through wireless communication unit and server master station communication.
- 3. a kind of miniature Synchronous generator control all-in-one based on synchronized phasor data as claimed in claim 1, it is special Sign is that the relay unit includes relay protection circuit, four road photoelectric coupling circuits and four tunnels being sequentially connected in series Relay.
- 4. a kind of miniature Synchronous generator control all-in-one based on synchronized phasor data as claimed in claim 1, it is special Sign is that the quasi- simultaneous interconnecting condition includes：Grid-connected frequency condition, grid-connected voltage amplitude perturbations and grid-connected voltage phase bar Part；The grid-connected frequency condition is：The absolute value of local side synchronized phasor frequency values and other side side synchronized phasor frequency values difference No more than 0.1Hz；Grid-connected voltage phase condition is：Local side synchronized phasor voltage-phase value and other side side synchronized phasor voltage-phase value difference value Absolute value be not more than 3Deg；Grid-connected voltage amplitude perturbations are：Local side synchronized phasor voltage magnitude and other side side synchronized phasor voltage magnitude difference it is exhausted 2V is not more than to value.
- 5. a kind of miniature Synchronous generator control all-in-one based on synchronized phasor data as claimed in claim 1, it is special Sign is that the automation excitation regulation process is based on Increment Type Digital Hydraulic pid control algorithm, by miniature synchronous generator exciting electric current As controlled device, miniature synchronous generator set end voltage amplitude is as controlled variable.
- 6. a kind of miniature Synchronous generator control all-in-one based on synchronized phasor data as claimed in claim 1, it is special Sign is that the automatic frequency regulation process is based on Increment Type Digital Hydraulic pid control algorithm, by miniature synchronous generator armature voltage As controlled device, miniature synchronous generator generator terminal frequency values are as controlled variable.
- 7. a kind of miniature Synchronous generator control all-in-one based on synchronized phasor data as described in claim 5 or 6, Characterized in that, described Increment Type Digital Hydraulic pid control algorithm is specially：If -1 sampling instant controlled variable u of kthk-1For：<mrow> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>K</mi> <mi>p</mi> <mo>&times;</mo> <msub> <mi>e</mi> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi>K</mi> <mi>i</mi> <munderover> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>j</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </munderover> <msub> <mi>e</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi>K</mi> <mi>d</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>e</mi> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>e</mi> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>;</mo> </mrow>Kth time -1 sampling instant controlled variable value of sampling instant controlled variable value and kth is subtracted each other, obtains Increment Type Digital Hydraulic Pid control algorithm expression formula：Δuk=uk-uk-1=Kp (ek-ek-1)+Ki×ek+Kd(ek-2ek-1+ek-2)；Wherein, k is kth time sampling instant；ukFor kth time sampling instant controlled variable value；uk-1It is controlled for -1 sampling instant of kth Value processed；ejFor jth time sampling instant controlled variable deviation, j=1,2,3 ... k；Kp is proportionality coefficient；Ki is integral coefficient；Kd For differential coefficient.
- A kind of 8. miniature synchronous generator set control system based on synchronized phasor data, it is characterised in that including：Any miniature Synchronous generator control all-in-one based on synchronized phasor data described in claim 1-7, it is wired Network communication unit, wireless communication unit, the local miniature Synchronous generator in side, the miniature Synchronous generator in other side side, The vectorial all-in-one of the local light-duty synchronization in side, the vectorial all-in-one of the light-duty synchronization in other side side and server main website；The miniature Synchronous generator in local side connects with the light-duty synchronous vectorial all-in-one in local side, and the other side side is miniature same Generating set is walked to connect with the light-duty synchronous vectorial all-in-one in other side side；The miniature Synchronous generator control all-in-one passes through wired network communication unit and the light-duty synchronous vector one in local side The vectorial all-in-one of the light-duty synchronization of body machine and other side side communicates respectively；The miniature Synchronous generator control all-in-one passes through wireless Network communication unit and server master station communication.
- 9. a kind of miniature synchronous generator set control system based on synchronized phasor data as claimed in claim 8, its feature It is, the miniature Synchronous generator includes miniature synchronous generator and miniature cocurrent electromotor, and two motor coaxles are connected, Highly identical, rotating speed is consistent.
- 10. a kind of miniature synchronous generator set control system based on synchronized phasor data as claimed in claim 8, its feature It is, the synchronous vector in local side that the miniature Synchronous generator control all-in-one receives the local miniature Synchronous generator in side The other side side synchronization vector data of the miniature Synchronous generator of data and other side side；The data of the reception obtain voltage magnitude and local side frequency values respectively after data check, data decoding procedure；Respectively after Increment Type Digital Hydraulic pid control algorithm, output quantity is amplified for the voltage magnitude and local side frequency values Control and miniature the synchronous generator exciting winding and miniature cocurrent electromotor armature of the miniature Synchronous generator in local side respectively The rearrangeable switch power subsystem of winding connection, and then oneself of miniature Synchronous generator set end voltage amplitude and frequency are realized respectively Dynamic control；The control command of the miniature Synchronous generator control all-in-one the reception server main website, it is synchronous using the local side Phasor data and other side side synchronized phasor data, the miniature synchronous generator in local side is controlled to complete simultaneously net operation.
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