CN107783181A - Seismic wavelet characteristic analysis method and system - Google Patents
Seismic wavelet characteristic analysis method and system Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/282—Application of seismic models, synthetic seismograms
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Abstract
Disclose a kind of seismic wavelet characteristic analysis method and system.This method can include：Based on simulation earthquake stimulation active force, earthquake stimulation force function is established；Based on the single-freedom vibration system with spring damping, rock vibration mechanical model is established；And based on the earthquake stimulation force function and the rock vibration mechanical model, plum integration acquisition seismic wavelet characteristic function is breathed out by telling.The present invention can realize influence of the quantitative analysis difference excitation condition to seismic wavelet, and then instruct the selection of earthquake stimulation parameter according to analysis result.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to seismic prospecting base application field, more particularly, to a kind of earthquake based on Theory of Vibration
Wave characteristic analysis method and system.
Background technology
In field of seismic exploration, the difficult point area of seismic prospecting, mainly include mountain front limestone, lower Yangtze, loess tableland, red
Layer, igneous rock area of coverage etc., these areas are all the area that seismic prospecting needs to tackle key problems simultaneously, all in the presence of a common difficulty
Point, it is exactly exciting for seismic wave；The data quality of seismic prospecting is have impact on, constrains the process of these gas explorations.
For a long time, excite problem around these areas in hardship, done substantial amounts of experiment work, repeated experiment compared with
It is more, never preferably solved, a bottleneck problem for being excited into seismic prospecting for seismic wave.Current portion big in the industry
Point achievement in research is all based on nineteen forty-two Sharpe propositions, some scholars even directly reference, without new viewpoint.
Inventor has found, to find out its cause, one of them important factor, is just the absence of suitable excitation theory and instructs.Cause
This, it is necessary to develop a kind of seismic wavelet characteristic analysis method and system based on Theory of Vibration.
The information for being disclosed in background of invention part is merely intended to deepen the reason of the general background technology to the present invention
Solution, and be not construed as recognizing or imply known to those skilled in the art existing of the information structure in any form
Technology.
The content of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of seismic wavelet characteristic analysis method and system based on Theory of Vibration, and it can pass through base
In earthquake stimulation force function and rock vibration mechanical model, plum integration acquisition seismic wavelet characteristic function is breathed out by telling, it is real
Existing influence of the quantitative analysis difference excitation condition to seismic wavelet, and then instruct the choosing of earthquake stimulation parameter according to analysis result
Select.
According to an aspect of the invention, it is proposed that a kind of seismic wavelet characteristic analysis method.Methods described can include：Base
In simulation earthquake stimulation active force, earthquake stimulation force function is established；Based on the single-degree of freedom vibration system with spring damping
System, establishes rock vibration mechanical model；And based on the earthquake stimulation force function and the rock vibration mechanical model,
Plum integration acquisition seismic wavelet characteristic function is breathed out by telling.
According to another aspect of the invention, it is proposed that a kind of seismic wavelet characteristic analysis system, the system can include
For based on earthquake stimulation active force is simulated, establishing the unit of earthquake stimulation force function；For based on spring damping
Single-freedom vibration system, establish the unit of rock vibration mechanical model；And for based on the earthquake stimulation active force
Function and the rock vibration mechanical model, by telling the unit breathed out plum integration and obtain seismic wavelet characteristic function.
The invention provides the influence of quantitative analysis active force and medium parameter to seismic wavelet, and then according to analysis result
The selection of field shooting parameter is instructed, improves complex dielectrics stimulation effect.
Methods and apparatus of the present invention has other characteristics and advantage, and these characteristics and advantage are attached from what is be incorporated herein
It will be apparent in figure and subsequent embodiment, or by the accompanying drawing being incorporated herein and subsequent specific reality
Apply in mode and stated in detail, these the drawings and specific embodiments are provided commonly for explaining the certain principles of the present invention.
Brief description of the drawings
Exemplary embodiment of the invention is described in more detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it is of the invention above-mentioned and its
Its purpose, feature and advantage will be apparent, wherein, in exemplary embodiment of the invention, identical reference number
Typically represent same parts.
Fig. 1 shows the flow chart of the step of seismic wavelet characteristic analysis method according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 a, Fig. 2 b and Fig. 2 c respectively illustrate to be illustrated according to the different impulse action power of an embodiment of the invention
Figure.
Fig. 3 shows the continuous action power schematic diagram according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 a are shown to cross schematic diagram according to the rock p-and s-wave velocity parameter of an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 b show the strain-stress relation signal under the axle confined pressure of rock three according to an embodiment of the invention
Figure.
Fig. 5 shows the mechanical model schematic diagram containing damping parameter according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 shows the schematic diagram of the active force of the exponential damping of an application example according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 shows the signal of the particle displacement under the different active force forms according to the application example of the present invention
Figure.
Fig. 8 a and Fig. 8 b respectively illustrate the seismic wavelet of the different exciting medias of an application example according to the present invention
With seismic wavelet spectrum diagram.
Fig. 9 a, Fig. 9 b and Fig. 9 c respectively illustrate the transmission single track of the different rock samples of an application example according to the present invention
Oscillogram.
Figure 10 a, Figure 10 b, Figure 10 c and Figure 10 d respectively illustrate the different explosives of an application example according to the present invention
The amplitude spectrogram of earthquake stimulation in different lithology.
Embodiment
The present invention is more fully described below with reference to accompanying drawings.Although the side of being preferable to carry out of the present invention is shown in accompanying drawing
Formula, however, it is to be appreciated that may be realized in various forms the present invention without should be limited by embodiments set forth herein.Phase
Instead, there is provided these embodiments be in order that the present invention is more thorough and complete, and can be by the scope of the present invention intactly
It is communicated to those skilled in the art.
Embodiment 1
Fig. 1 shows the flow chart of the step of seismic wavelet characteristic analysis method according to the present invention.
In this embodiment, can be included according to the seismic wavelet characteristic analysis method of the present invention：Step 101, it is based on
Earthquake stimulation active force is simulated, establishes earthquake stimulation force function；Step 102, based on the single-degree-of-freedom with spring damping
Vibrational system, establish rock vibration mechanical model；And step 103, based on the earthquake stimulation force function and the rock
Stone vibration mechanical model, plum integration acquisition seismic wavelet characteristic function is breathed out by telling.
The embodiment is based on earthquake stimulation force function and rock vibration mechanical model, and plum integration acquisition is breathed out by telling
Seismic wavelet characteristic function, influence of the quantitative analysis difference excitation condition to seismic wavelet is realized, and then come according to analysis result
Instruct the selection of earthquake stimulation parameter.
The following detailed description of the specific steps of the seismic wavelet characteristic analysis method according to the present invention.
Establish earthquake stimulation force function
In one example, based on simulation earthquake stimulation active force, earthquake stimulation force function is established.Simulation earthquake swashs
Breaking-out firmly refers to use the excitation power simulation field earthquake stimulation active force in laboratory.
In one example, the earthquake stimulation force function can be：P (τ)=p0e-bτ
In formula, τ is active force action time, p0For initial pressure, b is decay factor.
Field epicenter excitation, various forms of pressure can be discharged and act on dielectric surface.Therefore need by swashing to earthquake
The characteristics of breaking-out type (pulse, continuous) firmly, size, rate of application, action time etc. are to analyze power, and then establish earthquake
Excitation force function.
Fig. 2 a, Fig. 2 b and Fig. 2 c respectively illustrate to be illustrated according to the different impulse action power of an embodiment of the invention
Figure.Fig. 3 shows the continuous action power schematic diagram according to an embodiment of the invention.As shown in Fig. 2 a, Fig. 2 b and Fig. 3,
The earthquake stimulation active force of explosive, air gun and spark source is characterized in laboratory with impulse action power；With continuous action
Power characterizes the earthquake stimulation active force of controlled source.Wherein, explosion velocity of explosive is characterized with the action time of impulse action power, uses arteries and veins
The size for rushing active force characterizes explosive detonation pressure.
As shown in Fig. 2 a, Fig. 2 b and Fig. 2 c, the function expression of Fig. 2 a, Fig. 2 b and the different impulse action power in Fig. 2 c is
P (τ)=p0e-bτ
In formula, τ is active force action time, p0For initial pressure, b is decay factor.
Establish rock vibration mechanical model
In one example, based on the single-freedom vibration system with spring damping, rock vibration mechanical model is established.
In one example, the rock vibration mechanical model can be following impulse response function：
H (t- τ)=h (m, ωn,ωd,ξ；T, τ),
In formula, m be deformed region medium quality, ωnFor natural frequency, ωdTo there is the vibration of damping mechanical model frequency
Rate, ξ are damping ratio, and τ is active force action time, and t is wave propagation time.
Fig. 4 a are shown to cross schematic diagram according to the rock p-and s-wave velocity parameter of an embodiment of the invention.In figure
Straight line above round dot group is expressed as sandstone trend under 20MPa, and the straight line below round dot group is expressed as inorganic shale (limestone) and become
Gesture.
Fig. 4 b show the strain-stress relation signal under the axle confined pressure of rock three according to an embodiment of the invention
Figure.The σ values of figure orbicular spot are 10-70MPa scopes.
As shown in figures 4 a and 4b, typical rock sample (sandstone, limestone, red beds) is measured in laboratory under the conditions of different confined pressures
Elastic modulus E, Poisson ratioσ, density p, speed v, compression strength P, stress-strain test relation.Carried for follow-up study content
For theoretical foundation data.
Fig. 5 shows the mechanical model schematic diagram containing damping parameter according to an embodiment of the invention.
It is that a vibration wavelet is produced on elastomer that seismic wave, which excites, and so just possessing as the medium excited has
The vibration characteristics of elasticity, this vibration characteristics can be attributed to a kind of single-freedom vibration system with spring damping.Such as Fig. 5 institutes
Show, p (t) is applied external force in figure, and M is block quality, and K is coefficient of elasticity, and C is damped coefficient.Mainly pass through this mould
Type carrys out the elastic property and energy attenuation feature of reaction medium, and then is responded by it to ask for the pulse excitation of medium.
Obtain seismic wavelet characteristic function
In one example, based on the earthquake stimulation force function and the rock vibration mechanical model, by telling
Breathe out plum integration and obtain seismic wavelet characteristic function.
In one example, the seismic wavelet characteristic function can be：
In formula, p (τ) is earthquake stimulation force function, and h (t- τ) is impulse response function.
Based on the earthquake stimulation force function and the rock vibration mechanical model, development interacts therebetween
The research of relation, complete seismic wavelet feature (the medium initial displacement function) analysis under Theory of Vibration.And then realize different sharp
Quantitative analysis of the hair factor to seismic wavelet feature.
Breathe out the quantitative relationship established between said two devices of plum integration by telling and be
P (τ) is earthquake stimulation force function in formula, and h (t- τ) is impulse response function；
Wherein, h (t- τ)=h (m, ωn,ωd,ξ；t,τ)
In formula, m be deformed region medium quality, ωn(determined for natural frequency by modulus of elasticity and quality), ωdTo have
The vibration frequency of damping mechanical model, ξ are that damping ratio (by the attenuation by absorption of medium, determine by quality factor and viscous damping force etc.
It is fixed).
To sum up, impulse response function is relevant with mechanics nature parameters, and it is combined with earthquake stimulation force function, i.e.,
The particle vibration response that earthquake stimulation active force is acted on medium, i.e. seismic wavelet characteristic response can be characterized.
Field earthquake stimulation instructs
In one example, method of the invention also includes：Earthquake stimulation is selected based on the seismic wavelet characteristic function
Parameter.According to the influence of analysis method quantitative analysis active force provided by the invention and medium parameter to seismic wavelet, Jin Eryi
According to analysis result, the selection of field shooting parameter is instructed, improves complex dielectrics stimulation effect.
For ease of understanding the scheme of embodiment of the present invention and its effect, below to several concrete application examples.This area
It should be understood to the one skilled in the art that the example, only for the purposes of understanding the present invention, its any detail is not intended to be limited in any way
The system present invention.
Using example 1
Fig. 6 shows the schematic diagram of the active force of the exponential damping of an application example according to the present invention.Such as Fig. 6 institutes
Show, earthquake stimulation force function is unilateral exponential decay form, and expression formula is p (τ)=p0e-bτ, wherein p0For 1000MPa,
B is 200.
Fig. 7 shows the signal of the particle displacement under the different active force forms according to the application example of the present invention
Figure.As shown in fig. 7, mechanics parameter is Poisson's ratio 0.25, velocity of longitudinal wave 1800m/s, density 1000kg/m3.When the b factors
When different, the delivery mode that earthquake stimulation active force is acted on medium has differences, and then causes obtained seismic wavelet
Have differences.In particular excitation medium, when earthquake excitation power reaches specific matching relationship, i.e., when b is less than 6000
When, a seismic wavelet completely stablized will be obtained.
Fig. 8 a and Fig. 8 b respectively illustrate the seismic wavelet of the different exciting medias of an application example according to the present invention
With seismic wavelet spectrum diagram.
Tried hard to keep when earthquake excitation and hold a timing, because dielectric resilient parameter is different, and then cause corresponding earthquake
Ripple is also different.In rock mechanics, definition Determination of Dynamic Elastic Modulus is Ev=ρ v2 p, wherein, ρ is density, and v is speed, and p surveys for stress-strain
Examination relation.As figures 8 a and 8 b show, earthquake stimulation force function parameter b is 20000 and pressure P0For 1000Mpa.Move
Modulus is respectively 1440MPa, 2250MPa, 340MPa, 4410MPa.As can be seen that as medium Determination of Dynamic Elastic Modulus increases, swash
The amplitude of hair vibration wavelet reduces, and frequency improves；I.e. the energy of the big medium earthquake-wave-exciting of Determination of Dynamic Elastic Modulus reduces, and frequency increases
Height, in the especially big medium of modulus of elasticity (such as limestone), earthquake-wave-exciting is relatively difficult.
Using example 2
Laboratory medium particle displacement test：
Experiment condition parameter is as follows：
Rock sample：Limestone, the Permian System, thickness 73.3mm (equivalent thickness 733m), Vp=5800m/s, polishing；Sandstone, sieve dwarf
System, thickness 72.3mm (equivalent thickness 723m), Vp=2100m/s, polishing；
Laser probe frequency：300KHz；
Excite and condition of acceptance：Air
Rock sample contact conditions：Air, vaseline, compacting；
Fig. 9 a, Fig. 9 b and Fig. 9 c respectively illustrate the transmission single track of the different rock samples of an application example according to the present invention
Oscillogram.Wherein, Fig. 9 a show the transmission single track oscillogram of limestone-limestone, and Fig. 9 b show the transmission single track of limestone-sandstone
Oscillogram and Fig. 9 c show the transmission single track oscillogram of sandstone-limestone.
A single transmission wavelet as shown in Fig. 9 a, Fig. 9 b and Fig. 9 c, in sandstone be present (that is, earthquake simulated
Ripple), and obvious strong multiple wavelet in limestone be present；Notable difference, sandstone and ash be present in the wavelet form in sandstone and limestone
Rock is similar to the result that field earthquake stimulation obtains.Laboratory test results match with theoretical research, therefore can pass through reason
Our understanding are helped to excite existing difference and how to go to improve by achievement in research.
Using example 3
Figure 10 a, Figure 10 b, Figure 10 c and Figure 10 d respectively illustrate the different explosives of an application example according to the present invention
The amplitude spectrogram of earthquake stimulation in different lithology, x-axis are frequency, and y-axis is amplitude.Wherein, Figure 10 a show that emulsion exists
The amplitude spectrogram of earthquake stimulation in sand shale, Figure 10 b show the amplitude spectrogram of earthquake stimulation of the emulsion in limestone,
Figure 10 c show that the amplitude spectrogram of earthquake stimulation of the hexogen explosive in sand shale and Figure 10 d show that hexogen explosive exists
The amplitude spectrogram of earthquake stimulation in limestone.
As shown in Figure 10 a, Figure 10 b, Figure 10 c and Figure 10 d, it can be drawn according to the data of field actual tests, difference is fried
The seismic wavelet that medicine excites to obtain in same medium has differences；Same explosive excites what is obtained in different media
There is also difference for corresponding seismic wavelet.Meanwhile the seismic wavelet excited in road limestone than sand shale in energy it is weak, dominant frequency
Height, matched with theoretical research, therefore us can be helped to recognize excite existing difference and such as by theoretical research result
What goes to improve.
The invention provides the influence of quantitative analysis active force and medium parameter to seismic wavelet, and then according to analysis result
The selection of field shooting parameter is instructed, improves complex dielectrics stimulation effect.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the purpose of the description to embodiments of the present invention is only for exemplarily above
Illustrate the beneficial effect of embodiments of the present invention, be not intended to embodiments of the present invention being limited to given any show
Example.
Embodiment 2
According to the embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a kind of seismic wavelet characteristic analysis system, the system can include：
For based on earthquake stimulation active force is simulated, establishing the unit of earthquake stimulation force function；For based on spring damping
Single-freedom vibration system, establish the unit of rock vibration mechanical model；And for based on the earthquake stimulation active force
Function and the rock vibration mechanical model, by telling the unit breathed out plum integration and obtain seismic wavelet characteristic function.
The embodiment is based on earthquake stimulation force function and rock vibration mechanical model, and plum integration acquisition is breathed out by telling
Seismic wavelet characteristic function, influence of the quantitative analysis difference excitation condition to seismic wavelet is realized, and then come according to analysis result
Instruct the selection of earthquake stimulation parameter.
In one example, the earthquake stimulation force function can be：P (τ)=p0e-bτ
In formula, τ is active force action time, p0For initial pressure, b is decay factor.
In one example, the rock vibration mechanical model can be following impulse response function：
H (t- τ)=h (m, ωn,ωd,ξ；T, τ), in formula, m is the quality of deformed region medium, ωnFor natural frequency,
ωdTo there is the vibration frequency of damping mechanical model, ξ is damping ratio, and τ is active force action time, and t is wave propagation time.
In one example, the seismic wavelet characteristic function can be：
In formula, p (τ) is earthquake stimulation force function, and h (t- τ) is impulse response function.
In one example, the system also includes：For selecting earthquake stimulation based on the seismic wavelet characteristic function
The unit of parameter.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the purpose of the description to embodiments of the present invention is only for exemplarily above
Illustrate the beneficial effect of embodiments of the present invention, be not intended to embodiments of the present invention being limited to given any show
Example.
It is described above the embodiments of the present invention, described above is exemplary, and non-exclusive, and
It is also not necessarily limited to disclosed each embodiment.It is right in the case of without departing from the scope and spirit of illustrated each embodiment
Many modifications and changes will be apparent from for those skilled in the art.The choosing of term used herein
Select, it is intended to best explain the principle, practical application or the improvement to the technology in market of each embodiment, or make this technology
Other those of ordinary skill in field are understood that each embodiment disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of seismic wavelet characteristic analysis method, including：
Based on simulation earthquake stimulation active force, earthquake stimulation force function is established；
Based on the single-freedom vibration system with spring damping, rock vibration mechanical model is established；And
Based on the earthquake stimulation force function and the rock vibration mechanical model, plum integration acquisition earthquake is breathed out by telling
Wave characteristic function.
2. seismic wavelet characteristic analysis method according to claim 1, wherein, the earthquake stimulation force function is：
P (τ)=p0e-bτ
In formula, τ is active force action time, p0For initial pressure, b is decay factor.
3. seismic wavelet characteristic analysis method according to claim 1, wherein, the rock vibration mechanical model is following
Impulse response function：
H (t- τ)=h (m, ωn,ωd,ξ；T, τ),
In formula, m be deformed region medium quality, ωnFor natural frequency, ωdTo there is the vibration frequency of damping mechanical model, ξ is
Damping ratio, τ are active force action time, and t is wave propagation time.
4. seismic wavelet characteristic analysis method according to claim 3, wherein, the seismic wavelet characteristic function is：
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In formula, p (τ) is earthquake stimulation force function, and h (t- τ) is impulse response function.
5. seismic wavelet characteristic analysis method according to claim 1, wherein, methods described also includes：
Earthquake shooting parameter is selected based on the seismic wavelet characteristic function.
6. a kind of seismic wavelet characteristic analysis system, including：
For based on earthquake stimulation active force is simulated, establishing the unit of earthquake stimulation force function；
For based on the single-freedom vibration system with spring damping, establishing the unit of rock vibration mechanical model；And
For based on the earthquake stimulation force function and the rock vibration mechanical model, plum integration acquisition ground to be breathed out by telling
Shake the unit of wavelet characteristic function.
7. seismic wavelet characteristic analysis system according to claim 1, wherein, the earthquake stimulation force function is：
P (τ)=p0e-bτ
In formula, τ is active force action time, p0For initial pressure, b is decay factor.
8. seismic wavelet characteristic analysis system according to claim 1, wherein, the rock vibration mechanical model is following
Impulse response function：
H (t- τ)=h (m, ωn,ωd,ξ；T, τ),
In formula, m be deformed region medium quality, ωnFor natural frequency, ωdTo there is the vibration frequency of damping mechanical model, ξ is
Damping ratio, τ are active force action time, and t is wave propagation time.
9. seismic wavelet characteristic analysis system according to claim 8, wherein, the seismic wavelet characteristic function is：
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In formula, p (τ) is earthquake stimulation force function, and h (t- τ) is impulse response function.
10. seismic wavelet characteristic analysis system according to claim 1, wherein, the system also includes：
For the unit based on seismic wavelet characteristic function selection earthquake shooting parameter.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109188521A (en) * | 2018-10-08 | 2019-01-11 | 华侨大学 | A kind of Tunnel Engineering blasting vibration waveform prediction technique |
| CN109885898A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-06-14 | 华北水利水电大学 | The measuring method of the eigentone of non-linear rectangular section convexity spring |
| US11880012B2 (en) | 2020-01-20 | 2024-01-23 | China National Petroleum Corporation | Method and apparatus for extracting downgoing wavelet and attenuation parameters by using vertical seismic data |
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| CN109885898A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-06-14 | 华北水利水电大学 | The measuring method of the eigentone of non-linear rectangular section convexity spring |
| US11880012B2 (en) | 2020-01-20 | 2024-01-23 | China National Petroleum Corporation | Method and apparatus for extracting downgoing wavelet and attenuation parameters by using vertical seismic data |
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