CN107782441A - A kind of three-dimensional acoustics sensor array for target noise test - Google Patents
A kind of three-dimensional acoustics sensor array for target noise test Download PDFInfo
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- CN107782441A CN107782441A CN201610764026.2A CN201610764026A CN107782441A CN 107782441 A CN107782441 A CN 107782441A CN 201610764026 A CN201610764026 A CN 201610764026A CN 107782441 A CN107782441 A CN 107782441A
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- acoustic sensor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H17/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, not provided for in the preceding groups
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of three-dimensional acoustics sensor array for target noise test, using spiral double-cone type acoustic sensor array, the spiral double-cone type acoustic sensor array is made up of N bar line arrays.The spiral double-cone type acoustic sensor array is developed by cylindrical array, if a cylindrical array is classified as N, bar same straight line acoustic sensor array is uniformly distributed in circumferencial direction, fixed orlop annulus, by top layer annulus around cylinder axis anglec of rotation α, for α values between 0 ° to 180 °, the array formed is spiral double-cone type array.Beneficial effect of the present invention：The present invention realizes that acoustic sensor array carries out the detection and measurement of radiated noise in three dimensions, and the beamwidth of array is controlled by adjusting the position of acoustic sensor, realizes that horizontal direction and vertical direction beamwidth are constant.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to acoustic measurement and acoustic sounding technical field, it particularly relates to which a kind of be applied to broadband radiation
The three-dimensional acoustics sensor array of noise testing and three-dimensional spatial distribution noise source passive detection.
Background technology
Noise testing is widely used in ship, space flight and aviation, automobile industry, household electrical appliances with Noise Sources Identification assignment test technology
In the noise measuring field of the environment noise tests such as industry, power plant workshop and other various plant equipment, by understanding noise source
Position distribution and part phonation characteristics, provides theoretical foundation to reduce noise, and then improvement product design, improves the sound of product
Radiation characteristic, obtain effect of vibration and noise reduction.
Traditional noise testing includes with Noise Sources Identification positioning test method：
Target radiated noise tests of one, based on single acoustic sensor.When the sound source level of measured target is higher, test system
When the residing test environment background noise level of system is relatively low compared with measured target sound source level, it can use and be based on single acoustics sensor
The target radiated noise method of testing of device.Target radiated noise method of testing based on single acoustic sensor can be in high noise
The sound source level of target is measured than in the case of, but noise source can not be positioned.
Radiated noise tests of two, based on acoustic sensor array.Acoustic sensor array can using its design feature
Obtaining is beneficial to the space directivity of noise testing test, and utilization space directive property can mention the noise in a certain measurement direction
Than i.e. spatial gain, so as to detect fainter noise signal.Radiated noise test side based on acoustic sensor array
Method, radiated noise measurement can be both carried out, Noise Sources Identification and positioning can also be carried out.In general, acoustic sensor array
Structure, that is, give distribution form of the acoustic sensor in the test space of quantity, and the size and space for determining spatial gain refer to
The characteristic distributions of tropism.
Three, constant beam-width beam-forming technologies, during carrying out noise testing, acoustic sensor array should be as far as possible
The noise for being radiated testee all receive, then target below figure 1 to be measured should be completely covered in main beam,
D in figure1For the half of target size to be measured, d2For the distance of basic matrix centre distance target to be measured, according to d1It can be drawn most with d2
Good main beam width θ is general to require
And the size and array element number of acoustic sensor array can try to achieve according to θ, two kinds of situations in addition will be to surveying
Amount result has an impact, i.e., main beam width is narrow or wide relative to target to be measured, shown in below figure 2 and Fig. 3.
Using the broadband radiation noise of acoustic sensor array measurement target, the space directivity of array is not only needed to focus on
On measured target, it is also necessary to the constant of space directivity is kept in given signal measurement frequency range, to ensure gained signal
Spectral characteristic will not be distorted, cannot obtain target whole radiated noise for example, main beam is narrow and cause measurement wrong
By mistake, and main beam is wide, can introduce excessive environmental background noise, causes signal to noise ratio to reduce, and enters but measurement result is inaccurate
It is or invalid.For conventional beamformer, because the space directivity of acoustic sensor array is the function of frequency so array
Space directivity figure main beam width should try one's best and match with the size of target to be measured.
The design of the linear nested battle arrays of four,.Linear nested battle array can not only realize constant beam in wider frequency range
Wide-width beam -forming, and array element sensor can also be saved to design linear array in this way, and reduce basic matrix length.It is logical
Often, with the half of the highest frequency wavelength of the basic matrix signal to be measured, the array element spacing as minimum.Kept when structuring the formation each
The array element number of individual submatrix is identical, such as 4 layers of nested battle array, the signal frequency range to be measured are [f0, fn], then the base
The minimum array element spacing of battle array is d1=c/ (2fn), the array element number of submatrix 1 is M, and the array element spacing of submatrix 2 is d2=2d1, array element
Number is all mutually M with array element 1.Then submatrix 1 and the can of submatrix 2 measure the signal of an octave frequency.The array element of submatrix 3
Spacing is 2 times of submatrix 2, i.e. d3=2d2, array element number is M.Equally, the array element spacing d of submatrix 44=2d3, array element number
For M.Structure chart is as shown in Figure 4.
Noise testing is carried out using line array, array can only form directive property in abeam direction, can not completely inhibit the back of the body
Scape noise.Based on this, there is a need in the field to provide a kind of array with three-dimensional directivity, and the array designs for constant beam-width,
It can realize that broadband noise is tested.
The content of the invention
The present invention is based on problem above, there is provided a kind of three-dimension sensor array for target noise test, can
Realize three-dimensional directivity and realize that horizontal direction and vertical direction beamwidth are constant.
In order to realize the purpose of the present invention, the present invention takes following technical scheme：
A kind of three-dimension sensor array for target noise test, using spiral double-cone type sensor array, the spiral shell
Rotation double-cone type sensor array is made up of N bar line arrays.
Preferably, the spiral double-cone type sensor array is developed by cylindrical array, if a cylindrical array is classified as N bar phases
It is uniformly distributed with line array in circumferencial direction, fixed orlop annulus, by top layer annulus around cylinder axis anglec of rotation α, α value
Between 0 ° to 180 °, the array formed is spiral double-cone type array.
Further, the vertical directivity of the spiral double-cone type sensor array is provided by line array, and it is horizontally directed to
Property is provided by ring array.
Under conditions of meeting half-wavelength at primitive interval, the beam angle of uniform straight line array is determined by following formula：
Uniform rings array beam width is determined by following formula：
Solve θ, Δ θ=2 (θ-θ0) it is main lobe width
L is line array length in formula, and λ is wave length of sound, and in the timing of frequency one, the beam angle of line array is only grown with array
Spend relevant, the beam angle of ring array is only relevant with annular radii.
Anglec of rotation α value is set as 180 °, then array is changed into two circular cones and combined.According to foregoing nested battle array
Design principle, can be a series of nested form of submatrixs by spiral double-cone type Array Design, the design of line array can be by linear embedding
The design method of array is covered, constant beam-width is realized by octave.After the rotation of constant beam-width line array turns into bipyramid battle array, former straight line
Each submatrix forms a bipyramid battle array in battle array, as a submatrix of constant beam-width bipyramid battle array, can realize water
Square upward constant beam-width.
Beneficial effect of the present invention：The present invention realize acoustic sensor array three dimensions carry out radiated noise detection with
Measurement, and the beamwidth of the position control array by adjusting acoustic sensor, realize that horizontal direction and vertical direction beamwidth are constant.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that object delineation to be measured should be completely covered in main beam；
Fig. 2 is main beam width relative to the narrow schematic diagram of target to be measured；
Fig. 3 is main beam width relative to the wide schematic diagram of target to be measured；
Fig. 4 is the structure chart of the design of linear nested battle array；
Fig. 5 is the formation figure one of the bipyramid helical array described in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the submatrix figure two of the bipyramid helical array described in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the submatrix figure three of the bipyramid helical array described in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is the submatrix figure four of the bipyramid helical array described in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 9 is the submatrix figure five of the bipyramid helical array described in the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.If it should be noted that do not conflicted, this hair
Each feature in bright embodiment and embodiment can be combined with each other, within protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in Figures 5 to 9, a kind of three-dimension sensor battle array for target noise test described in the embodiment of the present invention
Row, using spiral double-cone type sensor array, the spiral double-cone type sensor array is developed by cylindrical array, if a cylinder
Shape array is that N (N is positive integer) bar same straight line battle array is uniformly distributed in circumferencial direction, fixed orlop annulus, by top layer
For annulus around cylinder axis anglec of rotation α, α value between 0 ° to 180 °, the array formed is spiral double-cone type array.
The vertical directivity of the spiral double-cone type sensor array is provided by line array, and its horizontal directivity is by ring array
There is provided.
Using octave model split frequency range to be tested, bipyramid helical array is designed according to every octave center frequency,
When testing target, submatrix data corresponding to frequency range where Analysis on Selecting frequency are analyzed, and may be implemented in different analyses
Target is irradiated using same wave beam angle of release under frequency.
It is Numerical Simulation Results below：According to analysis frequency band 100Hz to 800Hz, divided by frequency multiplication, centre frequency is respectively
100Hz, 200Hz, 400Hz, 800Hz, array are made up of four submatrixs.It is computed, each submatrix horizontal beam width is all
36 °, vertical beam width is all 4 °.
Test case：
Measuring distance：100m
Target scale：100m×10m
Realize that wave beam just covers measured target, following condition need to be met：
In formula, d is target scale, and D is measuring distance, and θ is beam angle, and 48 ° are should be according to calculated level beam angle,
Vertical beam width should be 4 °.
According to aforementioned array design method, the array parameter such as table 1 below of corresponding different frequency：
Table 1：
Array assumes to use in water in upper table, Media density 1000kg/m3, the medium velocity of sound is 1500m/s.
Although having been described for the preferred embodiment of the embodiment of the present invention, those skilled in the art once know base
This creative concept, then other change and modification can be made to these embodiments.So appended claims are intended to be construed to
Including preferred embodiment and fall into having altered and changing for range of embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Jie has been carried out to a kind of three-dimension sensor array for target noise test provided by the present invention above
Continue, specific case used herein is set forth to the principle and embodiment of the present invention, and the explanation of above example is only
It is the method and its core concept for being used to help understand the present invention；Meanwhile for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to this hair
Bright thought, there will be changes in specific embodiments and applications, in summary, this specification content are only this
The embodiment of invention, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, every to utilize description of the invention and accompanying drawing content institute
The equivalent structure or equivalent flow conversion of work, or other related technical areas are directly or indirectly used in, similarly it is included in
In the scope of patent protection of the present invention.It should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of three-dimensional acoustics sensor array for target noise test, it is characterised in that it uses spiral double-cone type sound
Sensor array is learned, the spiral double-cone type sensor array is made up of N bar line arrays.
2. the three-dimensional acoustics sensor array for target noise test as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described three
Tie up acoustic sensor array and be used for radiated noise test and noise source passive detection.
3. the three-dimensional acoustics sensor array for target noise test as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：An if circle
Cylindrical array is that N bar same straight line battle arrays are uniformly distributed in circumferencial direction, fixed orlop annulus, by top layer annulus around cylinder
Axle anglec of rotation α, α value is between 0 ° to 180 °, then array is changed into two round platforms and combined, the spiral double-cone type array
It is designed as a series of nested form of round platform submatrixs.
4. the three-dimensional acoustics sensor array for target noise test as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that：Will rotation
The value of angle [alpha] is set as 180 °, then array is changed into two circular cones and combined, and the spiral double-cone type Array Design is a series of
The nested form of circular cone submatrix.
5. the three-dimensional acoustics sensor array for target noise test as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The spiral shell
The vertical directivity of rotation double-cone type acoustic sensor array is provided by line array, the level of the spiral double-cone type sensor array
Directive property is provided by ring array.
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| JPH1020033A (en) * | 1996-07-03 | 1998-01-23 | Tech Res & Dev Inst Of Japan Def Agency | Ultrasonic transmitter and ultrasonic sensor using it |
| CN1941075A (en) * | 2005-09-30 | 2007-04-04 | 中国科学院声学研究所 | Sound radiant generation to object |
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