CN107768816B - 一种应用于5g通信的mimo基站天线 - Google Patents

一种应用于5g通信的mimo基站天线 Download PDF

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CN107768816B
CN107768816B CN201710912546.8A CN201710912546A CN107768816B CN 107768816 B CN107768816 B CN 107768816B CN 201710912546 A CN201710912546 A CN 201710912546A CN 107768816 B CN107768816 B CN 107768816B
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CN107768816A (zh
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冯波涛
赖杰鑫
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Dongguan Nandouxing Technology Co ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/246Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H01Q1/521Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/12Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
    • H01Q19/17Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source comprising two or more radiating elements
    • H01Q19/175Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source comprising two or more radiating elements arrayed along the focal line of a cylindrical focusing surface
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006Particular feeding systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/29Combinations of different interacting antenna units for giving a desired directional characteristic
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/30Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/28Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines

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Abstract

本发明提出了一种应用于5G通信的MIMO基站天线,基于第五代移动通信网络5G多进多出技术MIMO的应用。辐射电偶极子采用高低两层分层设计,由此获得天线双频特性,弧形的辐射电磁偶极子则用于获得宽H面特性,最宽可达134°。在磁偶极子中间的E型贴片超材料增加了天线的有效介电常数,使得天线的体积降低了大约46%。另外,双U形加方形槽口使得天线获得了陷波特性,该陷波特性可以防止无线局域网2.4GHz波段的干扰。该MIMO天线单元具备从1.67到2.75GHz的48.9%的低频阻抗带宽,增益为5.9±1.3dBi,以及3.33到4.13GHz的21.5%的高频阻抗带宽,增益为4.9±2dBi。最后,由于宽H面特性,该天线的MIMO系统仅用3个单元就可以全向覆盖360°,阻抗带宽从2.4到3.75GHz。

Description

一种应用于5G通信的MIMO基站天线
[技术领域]
本发明涉及一种具备陷波和宽H面的超材料MIMO天线,具体地讲,是一种能够用于第五代通信系统的基站天线。
[背景技术]
天线是收发信号的前端设备,拓宽天线的H面,有利于增加信号收发范围,减少天线使用个数,从而降低基站成本。天线的抗干扰性能是宽带天线的一个重要指标,特别是通信基站天线,一定频段内的陷波,可以去掉不必要信号的接收,增加天线抗干扰性。目前,未来5G通信的核心热点技术已经确定为MIMO技术,MIMO技术具备许多不可替代的优势,比如增加信道容量、提升天线传输和接受信号的性能等等。最近,超材料在物理和通信工程领域受到了极大关注,因为其突出的电磁特性,在天线领域可以通过增加磁导率和介电常数的比例来减少尺寸,拓宽阻抗带宽等等。总之,通过引入超材料结构,天线的功能和性能可以获得显著提升。
但是还存在以下方面问题:第一,宽频段内有效拓宽H面的半波波束宽度是较为困难的,一般天线半波波束宽度在45°左右,最大在75°,但是实现宽半波宽度的频段也不宽。第二,与通信系统频段重叠的是WLAN波段(2.4-2.485GHz),要准确地去除这一频段的信号接收,这就需要合适的结构设计。第三,超材料的优秀电磁特性所带来的是制作成本的高昂,如何使用简单结构以及便宜材料做代替。第四,实现MIMO系统需要克服许多困难,如何将多个天线放在一起的同时,减少这些天线之间的相互耦合,相互影响,实现较低的ECC,;如何减少MIMO天线的整体尺寸等。
[发明内容]
针对上述的缺点,提出了一种应用于5G通信的MIMO基站天线。
具体技术方案如下:一种应用于5G通信的MIMO基站天线,包括一对电磁偶极子、弧形反射地板、馈电结构和超材料特性的介质板,所述的一对电磁偶极子通过垂直短路墙设置在弧形反射地板上,介质板和馈电结构位于一对电磁偶极子中间。
电磁偶极子,每一个电磁偶极子中间为弧形辐射贴片,左右各有一个平面辐射贴片,通过两道凹槽隔离;实现天线在H面上获得宽半功率波束宽度;
馈电结构,结构形似η,有两个容性梯形部分、一个感性梯形部分和馈电线组成,梯形形状以及分叉结构增加了馈电的可调性,实现了宽频段内的阻抗匹配。
介质板,分两部分,分别分布在馈电结构两侧,与电磁偶极子有相同的凹槽,介质板被凹槽分为左右部分,每片介质板上有十对E型贴片,一侧六对,一侧四对。
进一步地,所述电磁偶极子的弧形辐射贴片与平面互射贴片为高低两层,使得天线获得双频特性。
进一步地,在磁偶极子的弧形辐射贴片上设置双U型加方形槽口结构,实现去除WLAN波段的陷波技术。
进一步地,在磁电偶极子中间使用具备超材料特性的反向E形贴片FR-4板,实现小型化的作用。
进一步地,弧形反射地板四周有直立的短围栏和弧形围栏,实现天线获得较低的包络相关系数ECC以及高增益。
进一步地,所述馈电结构下方穿过弧形反射地板,且设有SMA接头。
本发明的有益效果为:
天线整体的弧形结构可以获得宽H面的辐射方向图,另外,中间一对弧形辐射贴片和两对平面辐射贴片可以等效为3个电磁偶极子天线,不同高度的辐射贴片对应不同频段,从而获得双频特性。在中间上层的电偶极子弧形面对应于天线低频,上刻有两个U形和方形槽口,这些槽口共同作用,形成一对反向电流相互抵消,因而给天线低频范围内带来陷波功能。介质板上两层反向E形贴片的设计,增加了磁导率和介电常数的比率,从而降低天线物理尺寸。天线三个单元分别朝向不同方向,使得天线单元之间相互耦合减少。由于电磁偶极子天线的固有特性,该天线拥有稳定的高增益。弧形的设计使得单天线在2.4到3.6GHz范围内获得超过120°的宽H面,这使得三个天线单元组成的MIMO系统可以获得360°全向辐射。
[附图说明]
图1为本发明的3D结构视图。
图2为本发明的局部3D结构剖面图。
图3为本发明的内部结构中的超材料。
图4为本发明的内部结构中的馈电结构立体图。
图5为本发明起陷波作用的槽口形状。
图6为本发明的侧视图。
图7为本发明的MIMO系统。
图8为天线增益和驻波比。
图9为天线半功率波瓣宽度。
图10为天线陷波性能展示。
图11为天线超材料性能展示。
图12为天线包络相关系数。
图13为天线尺寸参数表。
1为弧形反射地板,2为垂直短路墙,3、4、5、6、7、8为电偶极子,9、10、14、15为介质板,11为馈电结构,12为短围栏,13为弧形围栏,16为E型贴片,17、18为凹槽。
[具体实施方式]
下面结合附图和对本发明作进一步说明。
如图1所示,本发明的一种实施例,一种应用于5G通信的MIMO基站天线,包括电磁偶极子、弧形反射地板1、馈电结构11和超材料的介质板9、10、14、15,所述的电磁偶极子设置在弧形反射地板1上,超材料介质板和馈电结构11位于电磁偶极子中间。
电磁偶极子包括电偶极子3、4、5、6、7、8,以及由两个垂直短路墙2和弧形反射地板1形成的磁偶极子组成;电磁偶极子中间的电偶极子3、4为弧形辐射贴片,左右两侧的电偶极子5、6、7、8为平面辐射贴片,中间的电偶极子和两侧的电偶极子通过凹槽17和凹槽18隔离;并且,弧形辐射贴片和平面辐射贴片不在同一水平面,电磁偶极子设计为高低两层分层,不同高度的辐射贴片对应不同频段,使得天线获得双频特性。
如图5所示,在磁偶极子的弧形辐射贴片3、4上设置双U型加方形槽口结构,实现去除WLAN波段的陷波技术。
电磁偶极子采用弧形曲面设计使天线在H面上获得宽半功率波束宽度,一般天线实现宽H面也仅局限在窄频段内实现100°左右。而本天线H面的半功率波束宽度在2.6GHz的时候就已经达到120°,并且在高频段内超过120°,低频段内半功率波束宽度也维持在100°左右的较宽宽度。
双U型加方型槽口使得该天线具有可以防止无线局域网2.4GHz波段干扰的陷波特性,与通信系统频段重叠的是WLAN波段(2.4-2.485GHz),本天线在2.38到2.5GHz频段内实现了准确的陷波。
如图2所示,本实施例中,介质板,分两部分,分别分布在馈电结构两侧,与电磁偶极子有相同形状的凹槽17、18,每片的介质板被凹槽分为左右部分,每片介质板上有十对E型贴片16,一侧六对,一侧四对。且在介质板两面都贴有E型贴片,其相对应的部位另一面为相反的E型贴片。
在磁偶极子中间的反向E型贴片介质版具备了一定超材料的特性,将天线的体积天线尺寸从120mm×(58mm×sin60°×2)×(30mm+58mm×cos60°)降到100mm×(46mm×sin60°×2)×(23mm+46mm×cos60°),降低了大约48.5%,而且使用的是FR-4介质板,材料费用较低。
为了使得天线辐射方向各不相同,加入短围栏12和弧形围栏13,在不影响单天线宽H面特性的情况下,该天线的MIMO系统可以获得较低的包络相关系数(ECC)以及高增益。
图1中本天线由4部分组成,弧形的地、双层的电磁偶极子,在电磁偶极子中间的馈电结构和用FR-4做成的超材料,中间的偶极子辐射贴片是弧形的,负责产生天线低频,左右两边低一点的偶极子辐射贴片是平面的,负责产生天线高频。图3为本发明的超材料,上面附有E形状的贴片。这种E形贴片前后面都有,而且是前后方向相反的。图4为本发明的内部结构中的馈电结构,位于电磁偶极子中间,梯形形状以及分叉结构增加了馈电的可调性,实现了宽频段内的阻抗匹配。图5为本发明起陷波作用的槽口形状,位置在中间的偶极子辐射贴片上,通过导引同振幅同相位的两路电流相互抵消,实现特定波段的陷波。图6为本发明的侧视图,为了看清楚中间的馈电结构,所以图中省去了超材料介质版。图7为天线MIMO系统的单元排布情况,单天线实现宽H面,所以仅3个天线就基本满足全向覆盖,每个天线占120°。如图8所示,该天线单元在低频可以提供48.9%的阻抗带宽(从1.67到2.75GHz),增益为5.5±0.5dBi,在高频可以提供21.5%的阻抗带宽(从3.33到4.13GHz),增益为5.9±0.5dBi。此外,天线陷波在2.38到2.5GHz频段内,可以有效防止防止2.4GHz WLAN波段的干扰。如图9所示,天线H面的半功率波束宽度(即3dB波束宽度)在2.6GHz的时候就已经达到120°,并且在高频段内超过120°。图10显示出该天线陷波特性对于增益的影响较小。在图11中为了清楚显示出超材料的频移特性,而没有使用陷波结构。可以看出,加入超材料后,驻波比向左频移了许多,有用波段内的增益却几乎无影响,超材料的加入使得天线尺寸从120mm×(58mm×sin60°×2)×(30mm+58mm×cos60°)降到100mm×(46mm×sin60°×2)×(23mm+46mm×cos60°),尺寸降低了约48.5%。图12中MIMO系统的ECC数总体上低于0.00045,不算上陷波频段以及无用频段的话,ECC均小于0.00005。通常情况下,MIMO天线的ECC数值小于0.5即可。因此,该天线适用于5G MIMO系统应用。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施方式之一,本发明的保护范围并不仅限于上述实施方式,凡是属于本发明原理的技术方案均属于本发明的保护范围。对于本领域的技术人员而言,在不脱离本发明的原理的前提下进行的若干改进,这些改进也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (6)

1.一种应用于5G通信的MIMO基站天线,其特征在于,包括一对电磁偶极子、弧形反射地板、馈电结构和超材料特性的介质板,所述的一对电磁偶极子通过垂直短路墙设置在弧形反射地板上,介质板和馈电结构位于一对电磁偶极子中间,馈电结构下方穿过弧形反射地板,且设有SMA接头;
电磁偶极子,每一个电磁偶极子中间为弧形辐射贴片,左右各有一个平面辐射贴片,通过两道凹槽隔离;实现天线在H面上获得宽半功率波束宽度;
馈电结构,结构为η形状,有两个容性梯形部分、一个感性梯形部分和馈电线组成,梯形形状以及分叉结构增加了馈电的可调性,实现了宽频段内的阻抗匹配;
介质板,分两部分,分别分布在馈电结构两侧,与电磁偶极子有相同的凹槽,介质板被凹槽分为左右部分,每片介质板上有十对E型贴片,一侧六对,一侧四对。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种应用于5G通信的MIMO基站天线,其特征在于,所述电磁偶极子的弧形辐射贴片与平面互射贴片为高低两层,使得天线获得双频特性。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种应用于5G通信的MIMO基站天线,其特征在于,在磁偶极子的弧形辐射贴片上设置双U型加方形槽口结构,实现去除WLAN波段的陷波技术。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种应用于5G通信的MIMO基站天线,其特征在于,在磁电偶极子中间使用具备超材料特性的反向E形贴片FR-4板,实现小型化的作用。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种应用于5G通信的MIMO基站天线,其特征在于,弧形反射地板四周有直立的短围栏和弧形围栏。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种应用于5G通信的MIMO基站天线,其特征在于,所述馈电结构下方穿过弧形反射地板,且设有SMA接头。
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