CN107768619B - High-capacity single-crystal high-nickel lithium battery positive electrode material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-capacity single-crystal high-nickel lithium battery positive electrode material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention is suitable for the technical field of lithium batteries, and provides a high-capacity single crystal high-nickel lithium battery anode material and a preparation method thereofaNixCoyMn1‑x‑yZrbMcNdO2Wherein a is more than or equal to 1.00 and less than or equal to 1.15, x is more than or equal to 0.8, y is more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.2, b + c + d is more than 0 and less than 0.1, the material morphology structure is single crystal form, and compared with the secondary agglomerated spherical high nickel lithium battery anode material with the same main content composition, the capacity is not lower than that of the secondary agglomerated spherical high nickel lithium battery anode material, but the rate capability and the cycle performance are greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium batteries, and particularly relates to a high-capacity single crystal high-nickel lithium battery positive electrode material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In recent years, the proliferation of downstream new energy vehicles has pulled the increase in the demand for power batteries. Among them, the ternary material having high energy density is remarkable in advantage, and since Ni has an effect of increasing the energy density, high nickel content is a tendency. NCM is classified into 111, 523, 424, 622, which are low in nickel, 811, Ni90, and the like, which are high in nickel, depending on the ratio of the three metals, and NCA is also one of high in nickel. However, as Ni increases, side reactions between the surface of the material and the electrolyte solution are more likely to occur at high voltages, resulting in a decrease in safety, cyclability, and rate capability. The common ternary cathode material is a secondary aggregate, is easy to crush in the manufacturing process of a pole piece, and is easy to cause structure collapse in the charging and discharging process. Even if the coated positive electrode material is rolled, a part of the surface of the coated positive electrode material is exposed to electrolyte, so that the rate and the cycle of the lithium battery are affected, and the development of the high nickel material is limited by the defect.
Many researchers have done much work on the fabrication of single crystals of low-nickel lithium battery cathode materials. But most of the final sintering temperature is above 900 ℃, so that the cation mixed-arrangement degree of the high-nickel lithium battery anode material is increased, and the capacity, the multiplying power and the cyclicity of the battery anode material are reduced. More and more people research high-nickel materials, but few research on high-capacity single-crystal high-nickel cathode materials.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a high-capacity single-crystal high-nickel lithium battery positive electrode material and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the technical problem that the existing high-nickel positive electrode material cannot realize high-rate charge and discharge and long cycle without sacrificing capacity.
On one hand, the preparation method of the high-capacity single crystal high-nickel lithium battery positive electrode material comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a monocrystal-like precursor: mixing the high-nickel lithium battery positive electrode material precursor and the solid additive in a high-speed mixer; preparing a liquid additive containing a zirconium source, a doping agent and a wetting agent; uniformly spraying the liquid additive into the mixture of the precursor and the solid additive in a high-pressure spraying manner for continuous mixing; calcining at 400-800 ℃ in an air atmosphere after mixing is finished, and then grinding and crushing to obtain a mono-like precursor;
2) preparing a single crystal high nickel lithium battery anode material: mixing the mono-like precursor prepared in the step 1) with a lithium source in a high-speed mixer, calcining at 700-900 ℃ in an oxygen-containing atmosphere, grinding and rolling, cyclone separation and sieving after discharging to obtain a semi-finished product of the high-capacity mono-crystalline high-nickel anode material, and then washing with water and carrying out heat treatment to obtain the high-capacity mono-crystalline high-nickel lithium battery anode material.
Further, in the step 1), the solid additive is nano-scale WO3、Co(OH)2、Co3O4、MnO2Wherein the cationic element is M; the dopant is MgCl2、C9H15AlO9、Ti2O(OH)2(C6H5O7)·3H2O、H3BO3Wherein the cationic element is N; the wetting agent is one or two of nonionic surfactants OP-10, TX-100 and NP-10, and the zirconium source is (NH)4)2Zr(CO3)3、(NH4)2ZrF6One or two of them.
Further, in the step 1), quantitatively weighing a high-nickel lithium battery positive electrode material precursor and a solid additive containing M element to enable the molar ratio of M/(Ni + Co + Mn) to be 0-0.05, and adding the precursor and the solid additive into a high-speed mixer to mix for 20-60 min; uniformly spraying the liquid additive into the mixture of the precursor and the solid additive, and continuously mixing for 20-60 min, and controlling the use amount of the liquid additive to ensure that the molar ratio of (Zr + N)/(Ni + Co + Mn) is 0-0.05; calcining for 4-8 h at 400-800 ℃ in an air atmosphere after mixing; in the step 2), weighing the mono-like precursor and a lithium source, mixing in a high-speed mixer for 20-60 min, controlling the weighing proportion to enable the molar ratio of Li/(Ni + Co + Mn + Zr + M + N) to be within 1.00-1.15, and then calcining for 10-15 h in an oxygen-containing atmosphere at 700-900 ℃.
Further, the mass concentration of the nonionic surfactant is 10-5～10-3The HLB value is between 6 and 15.
Further, in the step 1), a contact angle formed by the liquid additive and the precursor of the high-nickel lithium battery cathode material is theta, wherein 0 & lt theta & lt 20 DEG, so that the liquid additive is spread and permeated into the precursor particles.
On the other hand, the high-capacity single-crystal high-nickel lithium battery positive electrode material is prepared by the method.
Further, the chemical general formula of the high-capacity single crystal high-nickel lithium battery anode material is LiaNixCoyMn1-x- yZrbMcNdO2Wherein a is more than or equal to 1.00 and less than or equal to 1.15, x is more than or equal to 0.8, y is more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.2, and B + c + d is more than 0 and less than 0.1, wherein M is one or more of cationic doping elements W, Mn and Co, and N is one or more of cationic doping elements Mg, Al, Ti and B.
Furthermore, D is not more than 2um of median particle size of the high-capacity monocrystal high-nickel lithium battery anode material50≤5um。
Furthermore, the crystal structure of the high-capacity single-crystal high-nickel lithium battery positive electrode material is an R-3m hexagonal layered structure.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method comprises the steps of mixing and calcining a precursor of a positive electrode material, a solid additive and a liquid additive to obtain a mono-like precursor, and then preparing the positive electrode material of the high-capacity mono-crystalline high-nickel lithium battery by using the mono-like precursor, wherein the solid additive is doped into the precursor in a solid form, and the liquid additive is sprayed into the precursor in a liquid form at high pressure, so that the obtained positive electrode material is finally prepared.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an electron microscope image of a positive electrode material of a high capacity single crystal high nickel lithium battery prepared in example one;
FIG. 2 is a discharge curve diagram of the positive electrode material of the high nickel lithium battery prepared in example one and comparative example one;
fig. 3 is a cycle graph of the high nickel lithium battery positive electrode materials prepared in example one and comparative example one.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below by way of examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The invention provides a preparation method of a high-capacity monocrystal high-nickel lithium battery anode material, which comprises the following steps:
and S1, preparing a mono-like precursor.
Mixing the high-nickel lithium battery positive electrode material precursor and the solid additive in a high-speed mixer; preparing a liquid additive containing a zirconium source, a doping agent and a wetting agent; uniformly spraying the liquid additive into the mixture of the precursor and the solid additive in a high-pressure spraying manner for continuous mixing; and after mixing, calcining at 400-800 ℃ in an air atmosphere, and then grinding and crushing to obtain the monocrystal-like precursor.
In this step, the solid additive is nano-scale WO3、Co(OH)2、Co3O4、MnO2Wherein the cationic element is M; the dopant is MgCl2、C9H15AlO9、Ti2O(OH)2(C6H5O7)·3H2O、H3BO3Wherein the cationic element is N; the wetting agent is one or two of nonionic surfactants OP-10, TX-100 and NP-10, and the zirconium source is (NH)4)2Zr(CO3)3、(NH4)2ZrF6The mass concentration of the nonionic surfactant is 10-5～10-3The HLB value is between 6 and 15. In the step, a high-nickel lithium battery anode material precursor and a solid additive containing M element are quantitatively weighed so that the molar ratio of M/(Ni + Co + Mn) is 0-0.05, and then the precursor and the solid additive are added into a high-speed mixer to be mixed for 20-60 min; uniformly spraying the liquid additive into the mixture of the precursor and the solid additive, and continuously mixing for 20-60 min, wherein the liquid additive is in front of the positive electrode material of the high-nickel lithium batteryThe body forms a contact angle theta, where 0 < theta < 20 deg., to allow the liquid additive to spread and penetrate into the precursor particles. The using amount of the liquid additive is controlled so that the molar ratio of (Zr + N)/(Ni + Co + Mn) is 0-0.05; and calcining for 4-8 h at 400-800 ℃ in an air atmosphere after mixing.
S2, preparing the single crystal high nickel lithium battery anode material.
And (4) mixing the mono-like precursor prepared in the step (S1) with a lithium source in a high-speed mixer, calcining at 700-900 ℃ in an oxygen-containing atmosphere, discharging, grinding, rolling, performing cyclone separation, sieving to obtain a semi-finished product of the high-capacity mono-crystalline high-nickel positive electrode material, and washing with water and performing heat treatment to obtain the high-capacity mono-crystalline high-nickel lithium battery positive electrode material.
In the step, the weighed mono-like precursor and a lithium source are mixed in a high-speed mixer for 20-60 min, the weighing proportion is controlled so that the molar ratio of Li/(Ni + Co + Mn + Zr + M + N) is within the range of 1.00-1.15, and then the mixture is calcined for 10-15 h in an oxygen-containing atmosphere at 700-900 ℃.
Through the steps S1 and S2, the chemical general formula of the finally prepared high-capacity single-crystal high-nickel lithium battery cathode material is LiaNixCoyMn1-x-yZrbMcNdO2Wherein a is more than or equal to 1.00 and less than or equal to 1.15, x is more than or equal to 0.8, y is more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.2, and B + c + d is more than 0 and less than 0.1, wherein M is one or more of cationic doping elements W, Mn and Co, and N is one or more of cationic doping elements Mg, Al, Ti and B. And D is not more than 2um of median particle size of the high-capacity monocrystal high-nickel lithium battery anode material50Less than or equal to 5um, and the crystal structure is an R-3m hexagonal layered structure.
The following is a description of specific examples and comparative examples.
The first embodiment is as follows:
firstly, D is50100kgNi of 9.5um0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2Precursor and 0.3kg of solid additive WO3Weighing, adding into a high-speed mixer, and mixing for 20 min; will be (NH)4)2Zr(CO3)3Dissolving the aqueous solution into waterThe liquid/solid ratio was 2%, and the amount of Zr added was 1000 ppm; OP-10, H3BO3Dissolving in water at a liquid/solid ratio of 2%, adding B1000 ppm, and OP-10 mass concentration of 10-3Namely, the mass content percentage is 0.1 percent (the same below), the two liquid additives are respectively and uniformly sprayed into the mixture of the mixed precursor and the solid additive in a high-pressure spraying mode, and then the mixture is mixed for 20min by a high-speed mixer. After mixing, calcining for 5h at 700 ℃ in air atmosphere, and then grinding and crushing to obtain the monocrystal-like precursor.
Mixing the mono-like precursor prepared in the above steps with 46kg of lithium hydroxide for 20min, calcining at 850 ℃ in oxygen-air mixed gas with oxygen content of 90% for 12h, discharging, grinding, rolling, performing cyclone separation, and sieving to obtain D50The high-capacity monocrystal high-nickel anode material semi-finished product is 4um, and the high-capacity monocrystal high-nickel anode material semi-finished product is washed by water and thermally treated to obtain the high-capacity monocrystal high-nickel lithium battery anode material. The electron micrograph is shown in FIG. 1.
Example two:
firstly, D is50Is 100kgNi of 3um0.88Co0.07Al0.05(OH)2Precursor and 1.4kg of solid additive MnO2Weighing, adding into a high-speed mixer, and mixing for 40 min; will be (NH)4)2ZrF6Dissolving the mixture into water, wherein the liquid/solid ratio is 3 percent, and the addition amount of Zr is 1500 ppm; mixing TX-10 and Ti2O(OH)2(C6H5O7)·3H2Dissolving O in water at a liquid/solid ratio of 3%, adding Ti 1000ppm, and TX-10 mass concentration of 10-4(ii) a And (3) uniformly spraying the two liquid additives into the mixed material of the precursor and the solid additive in a high-pressure spraying mode respectively, and mixing for 40min by using a high-speed mixer. After mixing, calcining for 6h at 600 ℃ in air atmosphere, and then grinding and crushing to obtain the monocrystal-like precursor.
Mixing the mono-like precursor prepared in the above steps with 46kg of lithium hydroxide for 20min, calcining at 800 ℃ in oxidation for 10h, grinding and rolling after discharging, performing cyclone separation, and sieving to obtain D50The high-capacity monocrystal high-nickel anode material is a semi-finished product of a high-capacity monocrystal high-nickel anode material with the thickness of 2.5 microns, and the high-capacity monocrystal high-nickel anode material is obtained by washing and heat treatment of the semi-finished product of the high-capacity monocrystal high-nickel anode material.
Comparative example one:
will D50100kgNi of 9.5um0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2Mixing the precursor with 46kg of lithium hydroxide for 20min, calcining at 850 ℃ in oxygen-air mixed gas with oxygen content of 90% for 12h, grinding and rolling after discharging, performing cyclone separation, and sieving to obtain D50The secondary agglomerated spherical high-nickel cathode material semi-finished product is 11um, and the secondary agglomerated spherical high-nickel cathode material semi-finished product is washed by water and thermally treated to obtain the secondary agglomerated spherical high-nickel lithium battery cathode material.
Comparative example two:
will D50Is 100kgNi of 3um0.88Co0.07Al0.05(OH)2Mixing the precursor with 47kg of lithium hydroxide for 20min, calcining in oxygen at 800 ℃ for 10h, discharging, grinding, rolling, performing cyclone separation, and sieving to obtain D50The secondary agglomerated spherical high-nickel cathode material semi-finished product is 5 mu m, and the secondary agglomerated spherical high-nickel cathode material semi-finished product is washed by water and thermally treated to obtain the secondary agglomerated spherical high-nickel lithium battery cathode material.
The high nickel positive electrode materials prepared in the above examples and comparative examples were assembled into 18650 cells and then subjected to charge and discharge tests at a current rate of 0.1C in a voltage window of 3.0V to 4.2V. The cycle test was performed at 1C/1C for 200 weeks, and the rate test was performed at 1C/3C, 1C/5C charge and discharge. The first discharge capacity curve and the cycle curve of the high nickel lithium battery anode material are shown in figures 2 and 3.
The results of the examples and comparative tests are shown in the following table:
| test items | Example one | Example two | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example No. two |
| 3.0-4.2V, 0.1C first capacity | 199mAh/g | 213mAh/g | 200mAh/g | 211mAh/g |
| Capacity retention rate of 200 cycles at 1C and 25 DEG C | 93 | 96 | 80 | 76 |
| 1C/3C capacity retention | 94 | 97 | 70 | 74 |
| Capacity retention ratio of 1C/5C | 91 | 93 | 66 | 68 |
From the above table, it is clear that the first capacities of the examples and the comparative examples at 3.0 to 4.2V, 0.1C are not greatly different, but it is clear from the first examples and the first comparative examples, and the second examples and the second comparative examples that the particles are made in a single crystal form by the method used in the present invention, not only capacity is not sacrificed, but also cyclability and rate capability are greatly improved.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A preparation method of a high-capacity monocrystal high-nickel lithium battery positive electrode material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) preparing a monocrystal-like precursor: mixing the high-nickel lithium battery positive electrode material precursor and the solid additive in a high-speed mixer; preparing a liquid additive containing a zirconium source, a doping agent and a wetting agent; uniformly spraying the liquid additive into the mixture of the precursor and the solid additive in a high-pressure spraying manner for continuous mixing; calcining at 400-800 ℃ in an air atmosphere after mixing is finished, and then grinding and crushing to obtain a mono-like precursor;
2) preparing a single crystal high nickel lithium battery anode material: mixing the mono-like precursor prepared in the step 1) with a lithium source in a high-speed mixer, calcining at 700-900 ℃ in an oxygen-containing atmosphere, grinding and rolling, cyclone separation and sieving after discharging to obtain a semi-finished product of the high-capacity mono-crystalline high-nickel anode material, and then washing with water and carrying out heat treatment to obtain the high-capacity mono-crystalline high-nickel lithium battery anode material;
in the step 1), the solid additive is nano-scale WO3、Co(OH)2、Co3O4、MnO2Wherein the cationic element is M; the dopant is MgCl2、C9H15AlO9、Ti2O(OH)2(C6H5O7)·3H2O、H3BO3Wherein the cationic element is N; the wetting agent is one or two of nonionic surfactants OP-10, TX-100 and NP-10, and the wetting agent isThe source of zirconium is (NH)4)2Zr(CO3)3、(NH4)2ZrF6One or two of them.
2. The preparation method of the positive electrode material of the high-capacity single-crystal high-nickel lithium battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the precursor of the positive electrode material of the high-nickel lithium battery and the solid additive containing M element are quantitatively weighed so that the molar ratio of M/(Ni + Co + Mn) is 0-0.05, and then the mixture is added into a high-speed mixer to be mixed for 20-60 min; uniformly spraying the liquid additive into the mixture of the precursor and the solid additive, and continuously mixing for 20-60 min, and controlling the use amount of the liquid additive to ensure that the molar ratio of (Zr + N)/(Ni + Co + Mn) is 0-0.05; calcining for 4-8 h at 400-800 ℃ in an air atmosphere after mixing;
in the step 2), weighing the mono-like precursor and a lithium source, mixing in a high-speed mixer for 20-60 min, controlling the weighing proportion to enable the molar ratio of Li/(Ni + Co + Mn + Zr + M + N) to be within 1.00-1.15, and then calcining for 10-15 h in an oxygen-containing atmosphere at 700-900 ℃.
3. The method for preparing the positive electrode material of the high-capacity single-crystal high-nickel lithium battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass content of the nonionic surfactant is 0.001% -0.1%, and the HLB value is 6-15.
4. The method for preparing the cathode material of the high-capacity single-crystal high-nickel lithium battery as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step 1), the contact angle formed by the liquid additive and the precursor of the cathode material of the high-nickel lithium battery is theta, wherein theta is greater than 0 and less than 20 degrees, so that the liquid additive spreads and permeates into particles of the precursor.
5. A high-capacity single-crystal high-nickel lithium battery cathode material, which is prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 4.
6. Such asThe positive electrode material of claim 5, wherein the chemical formula of the positive electrode material is LiaNixCoyMn1-x-yZrbMcNdO2Wherein a is more than or equal to 1.00 and less than or equal to 1.15, x is more than or equal to 0.8, y is more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.2, and B + c + d is more than 0 and less than 0.1, wherein M is one or more of cationic doping elements W, Mn and Co, and N is one or more of cationic doping elements Mg, Al, Ti and B.
7. The positive electrode material of claim 6, wherein the median particle size of the positive electrode material is 2 um-D50≤5um。
8. The positive electrode material for a high-capacity single-crystal high-nickel lithium battery as claimed in claim 7, wherein the crystal structure of the positive electrode material for a high-capacity single-crystal high-nickel lithium battery is an R-3m hexagonal layered structure.
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| CN108545785B (en) * | 2018-03-07 | 2021-01-26 | 格林美（无锡）能源材料有限公司 | Large single crystal nickel-cobalt-manganese positive electrode material and preparation method thereof |
| KR20220080206A (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2022-06-14 | 가부시키가이샤 한도오따이 에네루기 켄큐쇼 | Positive electrode active material and manufacturing method of positive electrode active material |
| CN109449391A (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2019-03-08 | 郑州中科新兴产业技术研究院 | A kind of high capacity class monocrystalline nickel cobalt lithium aluminate cathode material and preparation method thereof |
| KR102195187B1 (en) * | 2019-02-18 | 2020-12-28 | 주식회사 에스엠랩 | A cathode active material, method of preparing the same, and lithium secondary battery comprising a cathode comprising the cathode active material |
| CN110589901A (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2019-12-20 | 浙江美都海创锂电科技有限公司 | Preparation method of nickel cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material (Ni is more than or equal to 0.8) |
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