CN107767452A - The AMF general file generation methods of heterogeneous solid parameterized model - Google Patents
The AMF general file generation methods of heterogeneous solid parameterized model Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of AMF general file generation methods of heterogeneous solid parameterized model, pass through the high-order continuity of NURBS basic functions, establish the mapping relations one by one of entity domains and parameter field, different material components is represented by gray value, builds the HNURBS body parameter models of material continuous expression；With reference to geometry, the consideration of material precision, the parameter line grid cell such as it is finely divided to obtain to HNURBS body parameterized models；Parameter line grid cell surface is fitted etc. by triangular mesh, the material information of triangle core point, the material information as homogeneous triangle are gone out using the material information interpolation calculation on three summits of triangle；According to AMF general file standards, to the triangular mesh after subdivision, entity and material element storage are carried out, forms corresponding data structure.Set forth herein method can finally save as AMF forms, 3 D-printing software AMFtools Direct Recognitions.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of rapid shaping technique, more particularly to a kind of three-dimensional of heterogeneous NURBS bodies parameterized model
The method for printing general file AMF generations.
Background technology
Rapid shaping (RP) technology is born in the late 1980s, and a kind of method using material stacking is produced to manufacture
The high-new manufacturing technology of product, it is referred to as a great achievement of 20th century manufacture field.Three-dimensional printing technology is as fast rapid-result
One kind of type technology, general step include product model design, slicing treatment, complete printing.The technology is in biology, aviation boat
My god, manufacture, the field such as building, technology and culture be widely used.3 D-printing product design method is directed to mostly at present
The homogenous product formed by a kind of material manufacture.And beaten for the heterogeneous product of two kinds of materials or two kinds of material composition described above
Impression method is broadly divided into two kinds, one kind be paste texture maps for geometrical model, another kind is to use more nozzle printings.Both approaches
Its essence or structure homogenous product, by post-production and " the heterogeneous product " that is formed.
The modeling of heterogeneous product and the continuous expression of material information are one of key technologies of such product 3 D-printing.
Substantially B-Rep models and the STL forms of current main-stream CAD software structure are as the data exchange mark in rapid shaping field
Standard, therefore heterogeneous product is mostly towards the B-Rep models of STL forms.NURBS(Non-Uniform Rational B-
Splines non-uniform rational B-splines) body parameterized model is using the NURBS that is segmented as basic function, because NURBS high-order connects
Continuous property, ensure that exist it is many effectively, the algorithm of numerical stability produces and optimizes NURBS body parameter models.But current higher-order
CAD software direct construction and can not generate HNURBS (Heterogeneous Non-Uniform Rational B-spline
Heterogeneous Rational B-splines) body parameter model 3 D-printing general file.
HNURBS and NURBS is non-uniform rational B-spline, and the HNURBS NURBS that compare are that expression to control point removes
Geological information, with the addition of heterogeneous material information
Supporting the general file of 3 D-printing includes STL, OBJ, AMF.STL general files be widely used in CAD system and
Between rapid shaping technique, the outer surface information of geometry entity, but the letter of its data structure are expressed by the method for geometry approximation
Single, geometric accuracy is relatively low, while lacks product colour, the attribute such as material.Although OBJ general files support polygon model, together
Sample also supports curve, curved surface, lattice properties etc..Such as rendered in Maya softwares or animation after model preserve, it is but because logical
The model data for often importing Maya is STL formatted files, so what it often also stored is triangular mesh, its essence and STL
File is very nearly the same.AMF general files are different from STL, OBJ, it is allowed to which three-dimensional software describes what is manufactured on any 3D printer
The shape and composition of any object, the attributes such as product colour, material, texture, dot matrix can be included in file.AMF general files
On the one hand have in metadata, data tree, object element, product geometric accuracy etc. and significantly improve, on the other hand on surface
Texture, color, physical property, functional material etc. are innovated.
The content of the invention
Can not be straight the present invention be directed to the geometry good characteristic of HNURBS body parameter models and current higher-order CAD software
Connect the problem of building and generating the 3 D-printing general file of HNURBS body parameter models, it is proposed that a kind of heterogeneous solid parameter
Change the AMF general file generation methods of model, the parameter gauze such as carry out to HNURBS bodies parameter model according to body parametrization theory
Lattice unit subdivision, triangulation and material information interpolation calculation are carried out to the hexahedral mesh unit that subdivision obtains, from
And generate the every terms of information of AMF format files.Ultimately generate the heterogeneous body parameterized model that can be used for 3 D-printing input
AMF general files.
The technical scheme is that：A kind of AMF general file generation methods of heterogeneous solid parameterized model, specifically
Comprise the following steps：
1) the HNURBS body parameter models of the continuous Visualization of material are built, the high-order by NURBS basic functions is continuous
Property, the HNURBS body parameter models of structure material continuous expression：It is assumed that the control that HNURBS bodies parameter model is formed by R control point
Polygon processed is controlled, and each control point includes a kind of material information Rδ, soft material is represented with white, black represents hard
Material, the tonal gradation in computer graphics, different material components is represented by gray value, establish NURBS bodies
The mapping relations one by one of parameter model entity domains-(x, y, z) coordinate system and parameter field-(u, v, w) Orthogonal Parameter system, from
The material information at any point on HNURBS body parameterized models can be calculated in the material information at control point；
2) geometry is combined, the consideration of material precision, HNURBS bodies are parameterized using the method for knot vector space subdivision
Model is finely divided:Using the NURBS of segmentation as basic function, to parameter field along u, v, w directions are averagely subdivided into n, m, l deciles,
The new knot vector space then formed, according to the mapping relations of entity domains and parameter field, HNURBS bodies parameter model is divided
To wait parameter line grid cell；
3) parameter line grid cell is fitted etc. by triangular mesh：The parameter line grid cell such as it is divided into step 2)
Triangular mesh fitting is carried out, each surface marks off two triangular mesh units, utilizes the material on three summits of triangle
Material information interpolation calculation goes out the material information of triangle core point, the material information as homogeneous triangle；
4) according to AMF general file standards, to step 3) triangular mesh, entity and material element storage is carried out, is formed
Corresponding data structure, to export AMF formatted files.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：The AMF general file generation methods of heterogeneous solid parameterized model of the present invention,
Material information precision is high, the mapping relations one by one of HNURBS body parameterized model parameter fields and entity domains, passes through the material at control point
Expect information, the material information at any point on body is calculated, the material information of the triangular mesh marked off is by Atria
The material information interpolation calculation on individual summit goes out, and as subdivision number is enough, material information and geometric accuracy significantly improve；AMF
Document structure tree is convenient, efficiency high, and to the homogeneous triangular mesh marked off, summit seat is carried out according to the standard of AMF general files
The storage of mark and material information, material can ensured, the general text of effective 3 D-printing is exported in geometric accuracy and time efficiency
Part；The file format of output is 3 D-printing general file；Set forth herein method can finally save as AMF forms, it is three-dimensional
Print software AMFtools Direct Recognitions.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the mapping relations figure of NURBS body parameter model parameter fields and entity domains；
Fig. 2 is cube HNURBS body parameterized model building process schematic diagrames；
Fig. 3 is the parameter line division body parameterized model figures such as edge；
Fig. 4 is the grade parameter line grid cell figure marked off；
Fig. 5 is two-dimentional nurbs surface triangular grids figure；
Fig. 6 a are the humerus illustraton of model of 10 numbers of subdivision；
Fig. 6 b are the humerus illustraton of model of 20 numbers of subdivision；
Fig. 6 c are the humerus illustraton of model of 30 numbers of subdivision；
Fig. 6 d are the humerus illustraton of model of 40 numbers of subdivision；
Fig. 7 is triangle gray count schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is that triangular apex stores schematic diagram；
Fig. 9 is data structure schematic diagram of the present invention；
Figure 10 is cube model figure；
Figure 11 is humerus illustraton of model.
Embodiment
The AMF general file generation methods of heterogeneous solid parameterized model, specifically comprise the following steps：
The first step：HNURBS body parameterized models are compared to NURBS body parameter models, the geometry letter except expressing entity
Breath, also need to express the material information of entity.It is assumed that the controlling polygon that HNURBS bodies parameter model is formed by R control point gives
Control, each control point includes a kind of material information Rδ.According to the mapping one by one of NURBS body parameter model entity domains and parameter field
Relation is as shown in figure 1, T refers to the threedimensional model with entity domains border, established in (x, y, z) coordinate system, regular closing
Body P refers to the regular cube built by Orthogonal Parameter system (u, v, w).1. closed for the mapping of entity domains to parameter field
System, is 2. the mapping relations of parameter field to entity domains, is 3. the unit of entity domains one in unit corresponding to parameter field.From control point
The material information at any point on HNURBS body parameterized models can be calculated in material information,
{Pi,j,kIt is body control point, { ωi,j,kIt is weight factor, Ni,p(u),Nj,q(v),Nk,r(w) it is defined in respectively non-
Cycle (and non-homogeneous) knot vector space U, the number on V, W are respectively p, q, the NURBS basic functions of r times.
U, V, W knot vector space：
U=[u0=u1...=up,up+1,…,un-p-1,un-p...=un],
V=[v0=v1...=vq,vq+1,…,vm-q-1,vm-q...=vm],
W=[w0=w1...=wr,wp+1,…,wl-r-1,wl-r...=wl],
The expression formula of NURBS basic functions on U directions is as follows, V, and the basic function on W directions defines similar.
Each control point P on HNURBS body parameter models is except including its coordinate Pi,j,k(x, y, z), also added comprising it
Material information.For the ease of the division of the subdivision of HNURBS body parameter models, and triangular mesh, heterogeneous production need to be realized
The visualization of product.Consider the heterogeneous material of two components, soft material is represented with white, black represents hard material, passes through ash
Angle value represents different material components, so as to realizing the continuous Visualization of material information of HNURBS body parameter models.
The expression formula of HNURBS body parameter models represents as follows:
H and λ difference presentation-entity point B (u, v, w) and control point P in formulai,j,kHalf-tone information on (x, y, z).Pass through control
The half-tone information of point is made, physically each point B (u, v, w, h) half-tone information is given expression to, embodies each material of body parameterized model
Expect the percent information of component.
So construct the visual HNURBS bodies parameterized model containing material information, be illustrated in figure 2 one it is non-
The cubical body parameterized model building process of homogeneous, (a) are the control point gray-scale map containing material information, and (b) is structure
HNURBS body parameter models, (c) are the body parameterized model interior intensity figure of segmentation.
Second step：HNURBS body parameter models control point { Pi,j,kAnd weight factor { ωi,j,kControl geometrical model shape
Shape, its knot vector space U, V, W serve vital to the geometric accuracy and half-tone information of HNURBS body parameter models
Effect, therefore HNURBS body parameterized models are finely divided using the method for knot vector space subdivision.
In above-mentioned, entity domain model T and parameter field P establishes mapping relations one by one.We are to parameter field then along u, v, w
Direction, n is averagely subdivided into, m, l deciles, then forming new knot vector space U', V', W' is：
U'=[u0=u1...=up,(1/n)p+1,…,((n-1)/n)n-p-1,un-p=un-p+1...=un],
V'=[v0=v1...=vq,(1/m)q+1,…,((m-1)/m)m-q-1,vm-q=vm-q+1...=vm],
W'=[w0=w1...=wr,(1/l)p+1,…,((l-1)/l)l-r-1,w(l-r)=wl-r+1=...=wl],
U under normal circumstances0=u1...=up=0, un-p=un-p+1...=un=1, it is the exponent number p+ because number is p times
1, so there is p+1 0 and p+1 1, n deciles are subdivided into 0~1, then are respectively, 1/n ... (n-1)/n；Node before to
Quantity space is the segmentation property because NURBS basic functions, plays a part of segmentation；N parts are always divided among from P+1 to n-p-1.
HNURBS bodies parameter model is using the NURBS that is segmented as basic function, according to its local support, in U' spatially,
Its knot vector is spatially compared with U, if u' ∈ [ui,ui+1), then Ni,p(u) ≠ 0, V', W' spaces are similar.
Corresponding to entity domains along x, y, z directions, HNURBS bodies parameterized model along etc. parameter line the parameter gauze such as mark off
Lattice unit, as shown in Figure 3.When subdivision number is enough, HNURBS body parameterized models can be considered to be made up of multistage broken line, then etc.
Parameter line grid cell is considered as regular rectangular parallelepiped structure, as shown in figure 4,8 summits of cuboid are respectively in entity domains：
B(ui,vj,wk), B (ui+1,vj,wk), B (ui,vj+1,wk), B (ui,vj,wk+1), B (ui+1,vj+1,wk), B (ui+1,vj,wk+1), B
(ui,vj+1,wk+1), B (ui+1,vj+1,wk+1)。
3rd step：AMF general files are final or the outer surface of 3D solid is fitted by triangular mesh.In AMF
Three summits and the material information of definition triangle are needed in file, parameter line grid cell is waited for what is marked off, carries out triangle
Shape grid cell divides, and considers that the parameter line grid cell such as each is hexahedron structure.The each table of peer parameters wire grid unit
Face marks off two triangles, is illustrated in figure 5 the triangular grids of two-dimentional nurbs surface, and left side divides for entity domains,
Right side is that corresponding parameter field divides.The square angle point in Connecting quantity domain, mark off two right angled triangles, corresponding entity
Domain is nurbs surface triangle.With the increase of subdivision number, the geometric accuracy of HNURBS body parameterized models significantly improves,
Half-tone information do not allow more it is easy to be lost, segmented as shown in Fig. 6 a, 6b, 6c, 6d 10 images, subdivision 20 images, subdivision 30 times
40 images of image and subdivision.
In the case that subdivision number is enough, subdivision waits parameter line grid cell to can be considered regular rectangular parallelepiped structure,
The triangle wire grid then divided can be considered the rectilinear triangle shown in Fig. 7, and each triangle is homogeneous.Three tops of triangle
Point is the point containing material information on HNURBS body parameterized models, utilizes the material information (A on three summits of triangleh、
Bh、Ch) interpolation calculation goes out triangle core point o material information oh, as the material information of homogeneous triangle, D is in BC
Point.The material information of every bit is equally represented with gray value h, formula is as follows, and S represents triangle area：
Wherein：
4th step：AMF forms are based on that markup language (XML) design can be expanded, and contain a root element (amf), five tops
Layer element, including object element (object) definition；Material element (material)；Texel (texture)；Series elements
(constellation)；Associated metadata elements (metadata).Object element (object) and material member are mainly concerned with herein
Plain (material), the data structure of design are as shown in Figure 9.
Material element material is used for the material information for storing each homogeneous triangle, and every kind of material defines a difference
Label, Gray0 ... Gray (i), i represent triangular mesh quantity；Different materials, wherein r (red), g are represented with rgba
(green), b (indigo plant) are the three primary colours in computer graphics, and a refers to the transparency of the color, and span is a ∈ [0,1], and 0 represents
All-transparent, 1 represent it is nontransparent.According to (0.5h, 0.h5,0h.5,1) method migration half-tone information be rgba information, with this come
Show different material components.
Object element object (network mesh) mainly includes point set information and entity information.To the network of triangle marked off
The summit of lattice counterclockwise stores according to right-hand rule, as shown in figure 8, vetex ... vertex (j), j represent all summits
Number, in AMF files for input point coordinates order, generally give tacit consent to from 0 and start counting up, entity information includes
Volume0 ... volume (i), i represent the quantity of triangular mesh, and each entity is a triangular mesh, including its top
Point putting in order in vertices and title material.
According to the standard of AMF general files, and the data structure in Fig. 9.Design and be shown below as HNURBS bodies
The AMF general file partial documents of parameter model, wherein part A are statement part, include version information, coded system；Part B
For definition material part；C portion is point set element, the coordinate on storage Atria summit；D believes part for triangular mesh
Breath, the material information comprising part B, each triangle are the entity of a homogeneous.
Two examples of cube model and humerus model have been made according to the above method, such as Figure 10, shown in 11, (a) be containing
There is material information control point gray-scale map, (b) is the HNURBS body parameterized models after division triangular mesh, and (c) is output
Displays of the file format AMF in 3 D-printing software AMFtools.
By the control point containing material information, HNURBS body parameterized models are built, triangular mesh is carried out to model
Division and material interpolation calculation, finally successfully export AMF documents.Set forth herein method in time efficiency, and geometry, material
Material precision aspect is significantly improved compared with the method for direct slicing, but the big of further optimization file is also needed in data file storage
It is small.This method provides support for the rapid three dimensional printing forming technology based on HNURBS body parameterized models.
Claims (1)
1. the AMF general file generation methods of a kind of heterogeneous solid parameterized model, it is characterised in that specifically include following step
Suddenly：
1) the HNURBS body parameter models of the continuous Visualization of material are built, pass through the high-order continuity of NURBS basic functions, structure
The HNURBS body parameter models of construction material continuous expression：It is assumed that the control that HNURBS bodies parameter model is formed by R control point is more
Side shape is controlled, and each control point includes a kind of material information Rδ, soft material is represented with white, black represents hard material
Material, the tonal gradation in computer graphics, different material components is represented by gray value, establishes NURBS bodies ginseng
The mapping relations one by one of exponential model entity domains-(x, y, z) coordinate system and parameter field-(u, v, w) Orthogonal Parameter system, from control
The material information at any point on HNURBS body parameterized models can be calculated in the material information of system point；
2) geometry, the consideration of material precision, using the method for knot vector space subdivision to HNURBS body parameterized models are combined
It is finely divided:Using the NURBS of segmentation as basic function, to parameter field along u, v, w directions are averagely subdivided into n, m, l deciles, then structure
Into new knot vector space, according to the mapping relations of entity domains and parameter field, HNURBS body parameter models are divided into
Parameter line grid cell；
3) parameter line grid cell is fitted etc. by triangular mesh：The parameter line grid cell such as it is divided into step 2) to carry out
Triangular mesh is fitted, and each surface marks off two triangular mesh units, and the material using three summits of triangle is believed
Breath interpolation calculation goes out the material information of triangle core point, the material information as homogeneous triangle；
4) according to AMF general file standards, to step 3) triangular mesh, entity and material element storage is carried out, is formed corresponding
Data structure, to export AMF formatted files.
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