CN107766253A - A kind of method of the automatic maintenance test script based on model change - Google Patents
A kind of method of the automatic maintenance test script based on model change Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method of the automatic maintenance test script based on model change, it is characterised in that including：Step 1, modeling, the state transfer relationship of Mobile solution is extracted using modeling tool, sequence of events model E MS (Event Sequence Model are created according to state transfer relationship, ESM the behavior of application) described, sequence of events model E SM describes the control information in the status information and each interface of application；Wherein state is interface, and the title at each of which interface uniquely determines, if the name changing at interface, interface originally is deleted, and has increased a new interface newly, and the control in former interface has been transferred in this newly-increased interface；If step 2, the current initial version for application, automatically generate test script：Step 3, the application for non-initial version, directly by safeguarding that the test script of last revision obtains.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of GUI of two adjacent versions by obtaining application automatically to change come automatic maintenance test
The method of script.
Background technology
With the quick popularization of mobile terminal, thousands of Mobile solution also arises at the historic moment.These applications are to ours
While life offers convenience, there is also certain risk：Most application can obtain our privacy, such as cell-phone number, body
Part card number etc., or even manage our assets, such as bank card, credit card etc..Once these applications go wrong, it is easy to make
Into the economic loss of user and the leakage of private data.And answered along with the keen competition of application market, same function
With even more than ten sections of several moneys are had, once we have found that a application goes wrong, what we were certain to abandon looks for other symbols
The application of our requirements, therefore, developer are closed in order that product is shown one's talent in application market competition, also increasingly emphasis is produced
The quality of product.Test is exactly a kind of effective means that can be used for improving product quality.
In the development process of Mobile solution, it will usually carry out regularly regression test to ensure present procedure function just
True property.Regression test needs to prepare substantial amounts of test case, generally requires test case library covering as much as possible
Need the function and situation tested.These test cases can be re-executed after version iteration, with ensure to mistake reparation with
And without the new mistake of introducing.And for newly-increased function, new test case is added, to ensure the integrality of test.
The executive mode of test case, conventional has manual test and script test.Script test is exactly to simulate hand by script
The action of work, under the support of testing tool, automatic implementation of test cases.Due to regression test case huge number and movement
The software and hardware species of equipment is various, it is necessary to be tested in substantial amounts of equipment, so the regression test of script driving is mobile
Application and development and tester are the most frequently used.
Test script can with manual compiling, record and automatically generate.In general, the high method of automaticity more by
The favor of tester.The high test case library of level of coverage how is automatically generated, is always that the focus that researcher pays close attention to is asked
Topic.And in the technology of automatic manufacturing test use-case, the ratio that model-based testing generation technique uses is wide, and the party
Method is easier to shield the difference that mobile platform (Android, OS, WinPhone etc.) is brought.
Now with the method for much automatically generating test script, before each version issue of application, can all give birth to again
Cheng Xin test script is tested application, still, to generate enough scripts and application is completely tested, cost
It is very high.Because the upgrading of Mobile solution is frequent, and the cycle is very short, and in old script manual compiling test case, have
Very high experience and field value, so in regression test, multiplexing test script is the effectively side for improving testing efficiency
Method.
Mobile solution typically has abundant GUI, and GUI is the part received to the most direct experience sense of user, application
GUI goes wrong, and is undoubtedly for Mobile solution fatal.So in the regression test of Mobile solution, GUI is carried out abundant
Test, for ensure application quality be very important.Test script for GUI is a series of sequence of events, and
Event is very sensitive to interface and control, if GUI is changed, related test script would generally fail, Er Qiewei
The experience of user is improved, engineer often changes the GUI of application.Therefore if we want survey of the multiplexing for last revision
Then training sheet is safeguarded, so as to multiplexing as much as possible it is necessary to obtain the GUI of application change according to change to script
Event in former test script, to ensure Test coverage degree.
For above the problem of, we have proposed the method for the automatic maintenance test script based on model.Reduce recurrence
The a large amount of manpowers and time that maintenance test use-case place needs in test process.
The content of the invention
Technical problem：It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method of maintenance test script automatic in version change, with
Reduce the cost of manual maintenance test script in regression test.
Technical scheme：The method of the automatic maintenance test script based on model change of the present invention, it is excellent first with depth
The method first traveled through obtains all execution routes in initial version model, and being then mapped to these execution routes can perform
Test script, while some test scripts manually can be rule of thumb supplemented with domain knowledge, the survey as application initial version
Training sheet.For later release, the model of current version and last revision is contrasted first, and pair of control is determined by similarity
It should be related to, obtain the increase, deletion and modification of control and event；Then the execution route of the script of last revision is traveled through, for
The path for being related to change is repaired, and changes script corresponding to the path.
Step 1：Modeling.The state transfer relationship of Mobile solution is extracted using modeling tool, what academic circles at present was commonly used
Modeling tool has Gator, Android Ripper etc..Sequence of events model (Event is created according to state transfer relationship
Sequence Model, ESM) come describe application behavior.ESM is described on the interface information and each interface of application
Control information.Wherein state is interface, including activity, dialog, menu etc..The title at each interface is to uniquely determine
, if activity title is the activity registered in resource placement's file title, and duplication of name situation is not had.
In our method, if the name changing at interface, it is believed that interface originally is deleted, increased newly one it is new
Interface, and the control in former interface has been transferred in this newly-increased interface.
Step 2：According to Fig. 1, if the current initial version for application is (without last revision or without maintainable test
Script), automatically generate test script：
Step 21：Obtain path all in model.Depth-first traversal ESM, obtain all paths, each of which
Path and other paths at least a line differ.
Step:22：Execution route is mapped to executable test script.Test script describes a series of dynamic of application
Make, each action includes event type and destination object.Equivalent to performing a series of action when test script performs,
Each test script corresponds to the paths on ESM.Every a line on ESM all describes (i.e. comprising event type and control
The mark of destination object), therefore directly can will be mapped to an action per a line in path.
Step 3：According to Fig. 2, the application for non-initial version, in order to save cost, directly by safeguarding last revision
Test script obtain, here is the process of automatic maintenance test script, and the model of wherein last revision is designated as M1, current version
Model be designated as M2：
Step 31：For M1In each state p1If p1In M2In be not present, by p1Labeled as the interface of deletion,
p1In control labeled as may delete control.If p1In M2Middle presence, then by p1Labeled as the interface that may be changed.It is right
In M2In interface p2If p2In M1In be not present, then by M2Labeled as increased interface, M2In control be collectively labeled as possibility
Increased control, M2Default event be labeled as increased default event.
Step 32：Interface for all marks for change, by the interface in M1In corresponding interface be designated as p1, M2
In corresponding interface be designated as p1', for p1In each control w, according to control matching process in p1' in find corresponding control
w’；If w ' is not present, by w labeled as may delete control, otherwise, according to calculate control change method, obtain w and
W ' change, and by w and w ' labeled as the control changed.For p1In system default event, according to computing system give tacit consent to thing
The method of part change, obtains p1System default event change.For p1' in each control w ' for not being labeled, w ' is marked
Possible increased control is designated as, if any change is not present in control w, by p1And p1' mark be changed to unchanged interface, it is no
Then it is changed to the interface changed.
Step 33：It is the control w deleted for all marks, is used in all marks are increased control
Control matching process searches the control w ' of matching.If w ' is not present, by w labeled as the control deleted.Otherwise, according to calculating
The method of control change, obtains w and w ' change, and by w and w ' mark is changed to the control that changes.Being marked as other can
The increased control of energy, increased control is changed to by their mark.
Step 34：During script is repaired safeguard replacement path dictionary a D, key be path original state and
Final state, value are script corresponding to original state to the side of final state (may have a plurality of).What record had obtained
Path, it is possible to reduce the number of lookup.
Step 341：For each test script, according to control in original state, and script and system default thing
The mark of part, a script is converted into a series of event, each event package is containing original state, final state, event type
And the control of event correlation.For each event e corresponding to a script：
Step 3411：If e is not influenceed by changing, the part script of e associations is constant.
Step 3412：If e is that there occurs change (mark for the control used in script, the class of event for trigger condition
Type), directly change part script corresponding to e.
Step 3413：If e is deleted, or changes beginning or end, then the event before and after e all can be by shadow
Ring.Algorithm can look for an event substituted before and after side connection e：
Step 34131：If e terminal changes, the replacement side from this new terminal to former terminal is searched, if in D
Exist key be new terminal to former terminal, part script corresponding to e is directly substituted in D value corresponding to the key；Otherwise exist
M2Middle search replaces side, if it is found, the replacement side is mapped into corresponding script, the script is added in D, and by e
Corresponding part script is substituted for the script.
Step 34132：If e starting point changes, the replacement side from former starting point to ground zero is searched, if existed in D
Key be former starting point to ground zero, part script corresponding to e is directly substituted in D value corresponding to the key；Otherwise in M2In
Search and replace side, if it is found, the replacement side is mapped into corresponding script, the script is added in D, and e is corresponding
Part script be substituted for the script；
Step 34133：If e is deleted, search former starting point to the replacement side of former terminal, if exist in D key be to
The former new terminal of starting point, is directly substituted in D value corresponding to the key by part script corresponding to e；Otherwise in M2Middle lookup is replaced
Change sides, if it is found, the replacement side is mapped into corresponding script, the script is added in D, and by part corresponding to e
Script is substituted for the script；
Step 34134：If three of the above is safeguarded and all have failed, follow-up script is directly deleted.
Step 3414：If newly-increased event in current state be present, if the newly-increased event is uncovered, the hand-manipulating of needle can be entered
Completion to new content：
Step 34141：Script before script corresponding to e is copied in a new file, as newly-increased script
File.
Step 34142：Using current state as starting point, the newly-increased event under the state is converted into script, is added to newly-increased
In script file, begun stepping through from the side that this newly adds, reach a newly-increased side and uncovered, then the event is added to and worked as
In preceding sequence of events, continue to iterate over according to above-mentioned logic, untill running into a side being capped.
Step 34143：Then the path integration of new content is added in newly-increased script file into script.
Control matching process described above refers to (be transferred to after for aspect description, the event monitored on control is triggered
Interface turns into exit interface, and the control that search matching control is designated as w, and S is collectively referred to as the control collection of lookup)：For each in S
Individual control w ', if in w ' exit interface and w exit interface, identical interface be present, w ' is designated as to the control of possible matching
Part.If multiple interfaces that may be matched in S be present, the attributes similarity of w and the control of all possibility matching is calculated, is returned
With w similarity highest controls；If the interface that may be matched is not present in S, return empty.
The method recited above for calculating control change refers to：If the corresponding property value of control has altered, it is added to
The attribute change of control；If the interface (state in model) where control has altered, the starting point change of control is added to；Such as
The event monitored on fruit control has altered (the newly-increased of event, deletion and the change of event type), is added to the event of control
Change.
The method of computing system default event change recited above, including the deletion of default event is obtained, increase newly, and
The change of the terminal of default event.
Beneficial effect：It is of the present invention by the auto-building model test script of application and by obtaining two phases automatically
The GUI changes of the application of adjacent version carry out the method for automatic maintenance test script, and the former carries out depth-first time using to model
Go through, by the way that the state of model to be carried out to the processing of pop down bullet stack, obtain path all in model.Then by map paths into can
The test script of execution, it is by the use of model as an intermediary here, shields the difference between different platform.The latter's profit
Corresponding control in two models is determined with the similarity of control, then obtains the attribute of control and the change of event.It is logical
Cross change and directly change the script being affected, be able to the test script of farthest multiplexing legacy version, reduction regenerates survey
The cost of training sheet or manual maintenance test script.Specifically, method of the present invention has following beneficial effect：
(1) method of the auto-building model test script of the present invention by application with model as in one
Between medium, obtain all paths of model by way of depth-first traversal, each step in path is all the behavior of application
Event, all there is clear and definite corresponding relation between model and application and model and script, therefore our method is not limited to
Any Mobile solution test frame, it is only necessary to define test script method and model action between corresponding relation i.e.
Can.This method can also be used for the test of different platform, in the model stage, shield the difference between different platform, sequence of events
Model is with platform-independent, and the sequence of events finally given is also platform-independent, but in the conversion with test script
During, the test script finally given is platform correlation, and the mapping relations between event and script contain the difference of platform.
(2) GUI of two adjacent versions of the present invention by obtaining application automatically is changed automatically to safeguard survey
The method of training sheet be determined by calculating the similarity of control in new and old edition model corresponding to control, then obtain control
Attribute and event change.The similarity of control is mainly the interface that can reach of event triggered by control to determine,
As long as an event in the event bound on control be present, the interface reached after triggering is identical with another control, then just says
The two controls are the same controls in two versions.It can be reached if there is multiple controls by triggering its event same
One interface, similarity is just calculated by attribute such as id, name of control etc. again, take similarity highest control as identical
Control.
(3) it is of the present invention to be referred to according to the method for changing automatic maintenance test script, it is former according to change directly modification
The script of beginning：Script for not being changed influence, is directly multiplexed old script；For script be related to control mark change or
The change of event, directly change the script；It is related to the change at starting point midpoint for script or event is deleted, searches new replacement
Replace original script in side.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is modeling and the frame diagram for generating initial version test script.
Fig. 2 is the frame diagram of maintenance test script.
Embodiment
It is for a more detailed description to some embodiments of accompanying drawing of the present invention below.
The present invention mainly obtains system default event, control event by the model for two adjacent versions for comparing application
And the change of control property, then according to changing come automatic maintenance test script, test script is answered as far as possible
With the cost of maintenance test script bank in reduction regression test.
The concrete scheme of the present embodiment is：
1st, application model is established, test script is generated for initial version.
According to Fig. 1, the present invention is established on the basis of Mobile solution modeling technique, and embodiment is：
First by changing existing modeling tool, the information that modeling needs is obtained, because dynamic modeling and static modelling are each
There are advantage and disadvantage, in our method, by the way of the combination of sound state, to ensure the integrality of modeling as far as possible.Automatically
Model information is extracted later, it is necessary to manually go the correctness and integrality of testing model, needs manually to go to improve mould if necessary
Type.If current version is the test script that the initial version of application or current version are not available for maintenance, basis is needed
Model regenerates test script.The execution on covering state as much as possible and side is obtained by the mode for being then based on model ergod
Path, then passage path mapping, obtains test script available to execute, so our method is not limited to any shifting
It is dynamic to apply test frame, it is only necessary to define the corresponding relation between the method for test script and the event of model, here
Map paths are according to this corresponding relation, by the map paths in model into can be performed on specific test frame
Test script.
2nd, automatic maintenance test script.
According to Fig. 2, the present invention is established on the basis of model compares, and embodiment is：
Compare the model of current version and last revision first, by calculate the similarity of control in new and old edition model come
It is determined that corresponding control, then obtains the attribute of control and the change of event.The similarity of control is mainly triggered by control
The event interface that can reach determine, as long as an event, the boundary reached after triggering in the event bound on control be present
Face is identical with another control, then it is the same control in two versions just to say the two controls.If there is multiple controls
Part can reach same interface by triggering its event, just similar to calculate by attribute such as id, name of control etc. again
Degree, takes similarity highest control as identical control.After obtaining change, original script is directly changed according to change：For
The script of influence is not changed, is directly multiplexed old script；It is related to the change of control mark or the change of event for script, directly
Connect and change the script；It is related to the change at starting point midpoint for script or event is deleted, searches new replacement side and replace original pin
This.
The method of the automatic maintenance test script based on model change of the present invention, shields the difference between each platform；
System default event, control event and the change of control property are obtained by the model for two adjacent versions for comparing application
More, then test script is re-used as far as possible according to changing come automatic maintenance test script, reduce in regression test
The cost of maintenance test script bank.
Although the present invention is described by embodiment, embodiment is not used for limiting the present invention.Art technology
Personnel can make various modifications and improvement, if the effect after this deformation is predictable in the scope of the spirit of the present invention
, then it is equally within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore protection scope of the present invention should be with claims hereof
The protection domain that identical or equivalent technical characteristic is defined is defined.
Claims (8)
1. it is a kind of based on model change automatic maintenance test script method, it is characterised in that this method comprising the step of be：
Step 1：Modeling, the state transfer relationship of Mobile solution is extracted using modeling tool, created according to state transfer relationship
Sequence of events model E MS (Event Sequence Model, ESM) come describe application behavior, sequence of events model E SM description
Control information in the status information of application and each interface；Wherein state is interface, the title at each of which interface
Uniquely determine, if the name changing at interface, interface originally is deleted, and has increased a new interface newly, and
Control in former interface has been transferred in this newly-increased interface；
Step 2：If the current initial version for application, automatically generate test script：
Step 3：Application for non-initial version, directly by safeguarding that the test script of last revision obtains.
2. the method for the automatic maintenance test script according to claim 1 based on model change, it is characterised in that step
In 2：
Step 21：Obtain path all in model；Depth-first traversal ESM, obtain all paths, each of which paths
Differed with other paths at least a line；
Step 22：Execution route is mapped to executable test script；Test script describes a series of actions of application, often
One action all includes event type and destination object；It is each equivalent to performing a series of action when test script performs
Individual test script corresponds to the paths on ESM；Every a line on ESM is all comprising event type and control description (i.e. target
The mark of object), therefore directly can will be mapped to an action per a line in path.
3. the method for the automatic maintenance test script according to claim 1 based on model change, it is characterised in that step
In 3：
The process of automatic maintenance test script, the model of wherein last revision are designated as M1, the model of current version is designated as M2：
Step 31：For M1In each state (interface) p1If p1In M2In be not present, by p1Labeled as the boundary of deletion
Face, p1In control labeled as may delete control；If p1In M2Middle presence, then by p1Labeled as the interface that may be changed；
For M2In interface p2If p2In M1In be not present, then by M2Labeled as increased interface, M2In control be collectively labeled as can
The increased control of energy, M2Default event be labeled as increased default event；
Step 32：Interface for all marks for change, by the interface in M1In corresponding interface be designated as p1, M2In
Corresponding interface is designated as p1', for p1In each control w, according to control matching process in p1' in find corresponding to control w '；Such as
Fruit w ' is not present, then otherwise labeled as the control that may be deleted, according to the method for calculating control change, w is obtained into w's and w '
Change, and by w and w ' labeled as the control changed；For p1In system default event, according to computing system default event become
Method more, obtain p1System default event change；For p1' in each control w ' for not being labeled, w ' is labeled as
Possible increased control, if any change is not present in control w, by p1And p1' mark be changed to unchanged interface, otherwise change
For the interface of change；
Step 33：It is the control w deleted for all marks, control is used in all marks are increased control
Matching process searches the control w ' of matching；If w ' is not present, by w labeled as the control deleted；Otherwise, according to calculating control
The method of change, w and w ' change being obtained, and by w and w ' mark is changed to the control that changes；Being marked as other may increasing
The control added, their mark is changed to increased control；
Step 34：It is original state and the termination in path that replacement path dictionary a D, key are safeguarded during script is repaired
State, value are scripts corresponding to original state to the side of final state；The path obtained is recorded, reduces lookup
Number.
4. the method for the automatic maintenance test script according to claim 3 based on model change, it is characterised in that step
In 34：
Step 341：For each test script, according to control in original state, and script and system default event
Mark, a script is converted into a series of event, each event package containing original state, final state, event type and
The control of event correlation；For each event e corresponding to a script：
Step 3411：If e is not influenceed by changing, the part script of e associations is constant；
Step 3412：If e is trigger condition there occurs changing (mark for the control used in script, the type of event),
Directly change part script corresponding to e；
Step 3413：If e is deleted, or changes beginning or end, then the event before and after e can all be affected；Calculate
Method can look for an event substituted before and after side connection e：
Step 34131：If e terminal changes, the replacement side from this new terminal to former terminal is searched, if existed in D
Key be new terminal to former terminal, part script corresponding to e is directly substituted in D value corresponding to the key；Otherwise in M2In
Search and replace side, if it is found, the replacement side is mapped into corresponding script, the script is added in D, and e is corresponding
Part script be substituted for the script；
Step 34132：If e starting point changes, the replacement side from former starting point to ground zero is searched, if key in D be present is
Part script corresponding to e is directly substituted in D value corresponding to the key by former starting point to ground zero；Otherwise in M2Middle lookup
Side is replaced, if it is found, the replacement side is mapped into corresponding script, the script is added in D, and by portion corresponding to e
Script is divided to be substituted for the script；
Step 34133：If e is deleted, former starting point is searched to the replacement side of former terminal, if key in D be present is risen to original
The new terminal of point, is directly substituted in D value corresponding to the key by part script corresponding to e；Otherwise in M2Middle search replaces side,
If it is found, the replacement side is mapped into corresponding script, the script is added in D, and part script corresponding to e is replaced
Change the script into；
Step 34134：If three of the above is safeguarded and all have failed, follow-up script is directly deleted；
Step 3414：If newly-increased event in current state be present, if the newly-increased event is uncovered, can carry out for new
Increase the completion of content.
5. the method for the automatic maintenance test script according to claim 4 based on model change, it is characterised in that step
In 3414：
Step 34141：Script before script corresponding to e is copied in a new file, as newly-increased script file；
Step 34142：Using current state as starting point, the newly-increased event under the state is converted into script, is added to newly-increased script
In file, begun stepping through from the side that this newly adds, reach a newly-increased side and uncovered, be then added to the event current
In sequence of events, continue to iterate over according to above-mentioned logic, untill running into a side being capped；
Step 34143：Then the path integration of new content is added in newly-increased script file into script.
6. the method for the automatic maintenance test script based on model change according to one of claim 1 to 5, its feature exist
In：The interface being transferred to after the event monitored on control is triggered turns into exit interface, and the control that search matching control is designated as
W, S is collectively referred to as the control collection of lookup；The control matching process refers to：For each control w ' in S, if w ' outlet
In interface and w exit interface, identical interface be present, the control that w ' is designated as matching；If multiple possibility in S be present
The interface of matching, the attributes similarity of w and the control of all possibility matching is calculated, is returned and w similarity highest controls；Such as
The interface that may be matched is not present in fruit S, then returns empty.
7. the method for the automatic maintenance test script based on model change according to one of claim 1 to 5, its feature exist
In：The change of control further includes the change of attribute, the change at interface where control, the event monitored on control have altered (event
Newly-increased, deletion and the change of event type)；The change of system default event further includes the deletion of default event, increases newly and silent
Recognize the change of event terminal.
8. the method for the automatic maintenance test script based on model change according to one of claim 1 to 5, its feature exist
In：All execution routes in initial version model are obtained using the method for depth-first traversal, then by these execution routes
The test script being able to carry out is mapped to, while some test scripts are rule of thumb supplemented with domain knowledge, it is initial as application
The test script of version；For later release, the model of current version and last revision is contrasted first, is determined by similarity
The corresponding relation of control, obtain the increase, deletion and modification of control and event；Then the execution road of the script of last revision is traveled through
Footpath, repaired for the path for being related to change, and change script corresponding to the path.
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