CN107765148B - A method of the distribution of insulating materials trap level is calculated based on pulse electroacoustic method - Google Patents
A method of the distribution of insulating materials trap level is calculated based on pulse electroacoustic method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of methods for calculating the distribution of insulating materials trap level based on pulse electroacoustic method, belong to the electric property representational field of insulating materials.There is speed according to space charge dissipation in this method, first is that proposing the exponential fitting analysis method for carrying out charge decay rule respectively to the space charge quickly and at a slow speed to dissipate, Traditional Space charge is improved to space charge with the second-order dynamic relational expression of resolution time with the single order Kinetic model for substrate of resolution time；Second is that fast, slow charge initial attenuation density and damping time constant in the second-order dynamic relational expression based on acquisition, obtain the energy level distribution of the corresponding depth of fast, slow charge, shallow trap respectively by improved calculation formula deep with differentiation, shallow trapping state distribution, and then realization judges to belong to physical imperfection or chemical imperfection the reason of causing depth, shallow trapping state distribution to change.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the electric property representational fields of insulating materials, are related to a kind of based on pulse electroacoustic method calculating insulation material
Expect the method for trap level distribution.
Background technique
The space charge of insulating materials accumulated inside is insulated from that performance is closely related, and space charge can cause in medium
The distortion of portion's field distribution plays the role of weakening or reinforcement to internal field, if electric field distortion is serious, will cause insulating materials
Breakdown and aging, directly affect the reliability and safety of insulation system.Distribution of traps in space charge and dielectric
It is closely related, it is accurate to calculate the distribution of insulating materials trap level, Material Physics defect and chemical imperfection are distinguished, is to grasp insulation material
Expect the key of performance.
1) trap level distribution character is grasped to understanding that space charge behavior is particularly important
A. the main source of space charge
Due to manufacturing process etc., there is small physical imperfection or impurity etc. inside the dielectric produced.
Due to extra electric field and polarized influence, the potential barrier of electronics or hole evolution electrode is reduced, electronics or hole from electrode emission
Migration is generated under the action of extra electric field, and trap is formed by by impurity in medium in transition process and is captured and as sky
Between charge.
B. harm of the space charge to insulation performance
Space charge effect is to influence the principal element of dielectric substance dielectric strength.It is defeated for running direct current
Transformer equipment (converter power transformer, direct current cables), because of the long term of DC electric field component, oil-immersed insulating paper or cable polyethylene
Material internal can generate space charge injection phenomenon.The charge of injection will be transported in material bodies, accumulated, be dissipated, these
Process Space-charge will all weaken internal field in external electrical field and intensive aspect, and field strength distribution distortion shadow is generated in dielectric
It rings, causes getting up early insulation harm, accelerate the aging of dielectric, can cause conduction current increase, shelf depreciation etc. existing when serious
As causing equipment damage even to fail, seriously threatening the safe operation of equipment.Especially direct current power equipment is carrying out reversed polarity
When operation, the electric field distortion as caused by space charge is easier to cause the damage of insulation, induces insulation fault and influences equipment just
Often operation.
C. trap level distribution is grasped to the importance for understanding insulating materials space charge behavior
The space charge injection of insulating materials, transport, accumulation, attenuation characteristic are studied, it is possible to understand that insulating materials
The transport property and mechanism of internal space-charge help to study space charge in dielectric aging and insulation harm behavior
Role and influence, thus the relationship between more deep understanding material physical chemistry microstructure and electric property,
In order to improve the insulation performance of insulating materials, to promote the thermal stability of insulating materials and extending power equipment service life
Reference frame is provided.
Space charge and the distribution of traps in dielectric are closely related.In the evanishment of space charge, due to falling into
Electric-charge-dissipating (detrapping) rate in trap is different, and some can dissipate in 10 minutes after going pressure, and some need a few hours could
It dissipates, therefore, it is determined that the energy level of trap is different, and trap is divided into two class of deep trap and shallow trap.Space charge in deep trap
What is dissipated is fast, and the electric-charge-dissipating in shallow trap is fast.The generation of trap is mainly determined by the defects of insulating materials.Insulation material
The defects of material can be divided into physical imperfection and chemical imperfection.It is had due to production technology, inside insulating materials small
Physical imperfection, and with the aging of insulating materials, the destruction of microstructure can generate new physical imperfection again.Simultaneously in aging
Chain rupture occurs for the chemical substance (cellulose in such as paper oil insulation, the polyethylene in LDPE material) of Cheng Zhong, insulating materials, generates
New small-molecule substance generates chemical imperfection.Space electricity in energy level distribution and density and dielectric due to depth, shallow trap
Aggregation, migration, the dissipation behavior of lotus are closely coupled, therefore, accurate to calculate the distribution of insulating materials trap level, distinguish Material Physics
Defect and chemical imperfection are the key that grasp insulating material properties.
2) conventional method of insulating materials trap level distribution is calculated
There are mainly two types of the methods for being commonly used to analysis insulating materials trap level distribution, first is that thermally stimulated current method；Two
It is the trap level distribution calculation method based on pulse electroacoustic method.
A. thermally stimulated current (TSC) method
Thermostimulation theory is grown up on the basis of medium physics, this theoretical method it is fairly simple practical and
And the micro-parameter of Cucumber (such as dielectric, insulating materials, semiconductor, electret) can be accurately measured again.Heat
Stimulated current method is one to be measured on one side in face of material warms.Due to charged particle micro-parameter (such as activation energy in material
H, slack time τ etc.) it is different, it is easy for separating the charged particle of the various difference H or τ in material with thermostimulation method,
So as to find out respective parameter.
Thermally stimulated current method is a kind of heat analysis method.First apply DC voltage to sample at a certain temperature, makes sample
Polarization；In the case where pressurization, sample is cooled to a low temperature to freeze charge rapidly；Then remove polarizing voltage, sample
Short-circuit certain time is to eliminate the influence of spuious charge.Last linear temperature increase measures the short circuit current of external circuit, the electric current and temperature
The curve of degree is thermally stimulated current curve.
According to TSC curve, there is following most basic thermally stimulated current theory simplified formula to can determine trap parameters
B is dynamics series；N is the number corresponding to t moment (or when temperature T) medium trapped electron；E is that trap is deep
Degree；T is kelvin rating；K is Boltzmann constant；S is frequency factor；n0For corresponding to initial moment (or minimum temperature)
Trap number.
Thermally stimulated current method can go out the source of electric current, the i.e. property and polarity of carrier in medium respectively, this is heat
One of the advantages of stimulated current method.But since this method needs to cool down to sample and heated, has to sample and destroy
Property.
B. traditional trap level distribution calculation method based on pulse electroacoustic method
Pulse electroacoustic method is widely used for measuring the space charge characteristic of solid dielectric.In brief, principle is
The Coulomb force as caused by external pulse electric field makes the concussion of media interior charge generate acoustical signal, and the acoustical signal wave is by outside
Piezoelectric transducer receives and is translated into electric signal, can obtain in dielectric after signal and mathematical method processing
Portion's distribution of charges situation.
Trap calculation method of the tradition based on pulse electroacoustic method is specific as follows
After removing extra electric field, entering the increase at any time of sunken charge and reducing in insulating materials, which is referred to as
Charge detrapping.The variation of charge density (potential decay) in trap can be approximated to be exponential damping law, as shown in formula (2):
σ=Ae-t/τ (2)
σ is surface charge density, and A is initial surface charge density, and τ is charge dissipation time constant, and t is to disappear into sunken charge
Dissipate the time.
The current density change rule containing damping time constant can be further obtained, as shown in formula (3):
| j (t) | it is current density, it is 120pm that r ', which is mean charge dapths,.L is thickness of sample.
After applied voltage removes, sunken carrier is entered by shallow trap in dielectric and is first discharged, in deep trap
It is discharged after carrier, the carrier release current decayed at any time at different temperatures reflects the trap energy fraction of specimen surface
Cloth rule.It can obtain trap level EtAnd current density j and trap density NtRelationship:
Et=KTln (ν t) (4)
V is electronic vibration frequency 3 × 1012s-1, K is Boltzmann constant 8.568 × 10-5EV/K, T are that absolute temperature (is opened
Family name's temperature).f0(Et) it be initial occupation rate -1/2, e of trap in medium is electron charge 1.6 × 10-19C。
Ifη 1 and η 2 is all constant.Then
As it can be seen that trap level density N (Et) closely related with the damping time constant of charge density and die-away time.
Trap level distribution calculation method based on pulse electroacoustic method is to obtain space charge with going the pressure time to decline first
Subtract rule, obtains the initial attenuation density and decaying attenuation constant of space charge；Then according to parameter is obtained, according to formula (3-6)
Calculate the trap level distribution of insulating materials.When existing method only obtains the damping time constant of an exponential law, thus will
Trap level unification can not accurately show the presence of deep, shallow two kinds of traps inside insulating materials, while also can not be to causing
The reason of deep, shallow trap energy and distribution character change carries out accurate judgement.
Summary of the invention
Insulating materials trap energy fraction is calculated based on pulse electroacoustic method in view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide one kind
The method of cloth, for deficiency existing for existing insulating materials trap level distribution measuring and calculation method: first is that thermally stimulated current
It is owned by France in damage test；Second is that trap calculation method of the tradition based on pulse electroacoustic method obtains the space charge of an exponential law
Trap level is distributed unification by damping time constant, can not accurately show to fall into inside insulating materials in the presence of deep, shallow two kinds
Trap, while also accurate judgement can not be carried out to the reason of causing depth, shallow trap energy and distribution character to change；Realize insulating materials
The calculating of deep, shallow trapping state distribution and its level density distribution, and realize that judgement causes depth, shallow trapping state distribution to change
Reason belongs to physical imperfection or chemical imperfection.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
A method of the distribution of insulating materials trap level is calculated based on pulse electroacoustic method, comprising the following steps:
S1: the space charge dissipation behavior of insulating materials is obtained with electroacoustic pulse interval charge measurement method；
S2: the corresponding space charge amount of different resolution times is obtained；
S3: the analysis of second-order dynamic exponential fitting is carried out to space charge attenuation characteristic, is obtained comprising quickly and empty at a slow speed
Between electric-charge-dissipating rule second-order dynamic exponentially fitted formulae；
S4: according to the calculation formula for proposing to distinguish deep shallow trapping state distribution, calculate obtain fast, slow charge it is corresponding it is deep,
The energy level of shallow trap is distributed；
S5: according to depth, the energy level distribution character of shallow trap, judge defect type.
Further, in step s3, the specific fitting formula of the second-order dynamic exponential fitting analysis is
In formula, σfastWith σslowThe respectively fast charge in surface, i.e., charge and the slow charge in surface in shallow trap, i.e., in deep trap
Charge；AfastWith AslowThe respectively fast charge initial density in surface and the slow charge initial density in surface；τfastWith τslowIt is respectively fast
The charge dissipation time constant of charge and slow charge；|jfast(t) | with | jslow(t) | it is respectively the electric current of fast charge and slow charge
Density；| j (t) | it is current density；R' is mean charge dapths；L is thickness of sample；T is into sunken charge dissipation time.
Further, the step S4 specifically:
In formula, e is electron charge 1.6 × 10-19C；K is Boltzmann constant 8.568 × 10-5eV/K；T is absolute temperature；
f0(Et-fast) and f0(Et-slow) be respectively shallow trap and deep trap initial occupation rate；N(Et-fast) it is fast charge difference energy level
Trap density, N (Et-slow) be slow charge difference energy level trap density；η1-fastWith η1-slowIt is all constant；η2-fastWith
η2-slowIt is all constant Et-fastWith Et-slowThe trap level of respectively fast charge and slow charge, Et-fast=KTln (ν t), Et-slow
=KTln (ν t)；V is electronic vibration frequency 3 × 1012s-1。
Further, the step S5 specifically:
The deep trap level density of insulating materials is bigger, is more partial to chemical imperfection；The deep trap energy level of insulating materials is close
It spends smaller, is more partial to physical imperfection.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1) exponential fitting point by carrying out charge decay rule respectively to the space charge quickly and at a slow speed to dissipate is proposed
Analysis, is improved to space charge with the second-order dynamic of resolution time with the single order kinetics equation of resolution time for Traditional Space charge
Learn equation；
(2) it proposes to distinguish the calculation formula that deep, shallow trapping state is distributed, according to fast in second-order dynamic relational expression, slow electricity
Lotus initial attenuation density and damping time constant calculate the energy level distribution for obtaining the corresponding depth of fast, slow charge, shallow trap, realize
The reason of judgement causes depth, shallow trapping state distribution to change belongs to physical imperfection or chemical imperfection.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to keep the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effects clearer, the present invention provides following attached drawing and carries out
Illustrate:
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the present invention；
Fig. 2 (a) is the space charge dissipation characteristic of new paper oil insulation medium (fresh oil+new insulating paper) under different field strength；
Fig. 2 (b) is the space charge dissipation characteristic of aging paper oil insulation medium (ageing oil+new insulating paper) under different field strength；
Fig. 3 (a) is quasi- for the space charge dissipation characteristic of new paper oil insulation medium (fresh oil+new insulating paper) under different field strength
Close analysis；Fig. 3 (b) is that space charge dissipation of aging paper oil insulation medium (ageing oil+new insulating paper) under different field strength is special
Property Fitting Analysis；
Fig. 4 (a) is that trap of new paper oil insulation medium (fresh oil+new insulating paper) tradition based on pulse electroacoustic method calculates knot
Fruit；
Fig. 4 (b) is that trap of aging paper oil insulation medium (ageing oil+new insulating paper) tradition based on pulse electroacoustic method calculates
As a result；
Fig. 5 (a) is the space charge dissipation characteristic of new paper oil insulation medium (fresh oil+new insulating paper) under different field strength；
Fig. 5 (b) is the space charge dissipation characteristic of aging paper oil insulation medium (ageing oil+new insulating paper) under different field strength；
Fig. 6 (a) is quasi- for the space charge dissipation characteristic of new paper oil insulation medium (fresh oil+new insulating paper) under different field strength
It closes and divides；Fig. 6 (b) is the space charge dissipation characteristic of aging paper oil insulation medium (ageing oil+new insulating paper) under different field strength
Fitting Analysis；
Fig. 7 (a), which is that new paper oil insulation medium (fresh oil+new insulating paper) is improved, is based on pulse electroacoustic method insulating materials trap
The calculated result of energy level distribution；Fig. 7 (b), which is that aging paper oil insulation medium (ageing oil+new insulating paper) is improved, is based on electroacoustic arteries and veins
Rush the calculated result of method insulating materials trap level distribution.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the present invention.Step 1: obtaining the sky of insulating materials with electroacoustic pulse interval charge measurement method
Between electric-charge-dissipating behavior；Step 2: obtaining the corresponding space charge amount of different resolution times；Step 3: decaying to space charge
Characteristic carries out the analysis of second-order dynamic exponential fitting, obtains comprising quick and space charge dissipation law at a slow speed second-order dynamic
Exponentially fitted formulae；Step 4: distinguishing the calculation formula of deep shallow trapping state distribution according to proposition, fast, the slow charge of acquisition is calculated
The energy level distribution of corresponding depth, shallow trap；Step 5: judging defect type according to depth, the energy level distribution character of shallow trap.
After removing voltage, some dissipates in a relatively short period of time for charge in medium, and another part charge needs very
The long time dissipates, therefore the trap in medium is divided into shallow trap and two class of deep trap；The electric-charge-dissipating block of shallow trap, gets deeply stuck in
Electric-charge-dissipating in trap is slow.Therefore, first is that single order kinetics equation shown in first will be above-mentioned is improved to second-order dynamic equation,
Second is that proposing to distinguish the calculation formula that deep, shallow trapping state is distributed.Such as to the improvement specific steps of conventional first order kinetics equation
Shown in table 1:
The improved New calculating method based on the distribution of pulse electroacoustic method insulating materials trap level of table 1
By taking oil-immersed insulating paper as an example, specifically telling about for realization process of the present invention is carried out:
One, traditional trap level distribution calculation method based on pulse electroacoustic method
1) new paper oil insulation medium (fresh oil+new insulating paper) and aging paper oil insulation medium (ageing oil+new insulation are surveyed
Paper) the space charge dissipation characteristic under different field strength it is as follows:
Fig. 2 is new paper oil insulation medium (fresh oil+new insulating paper) and aging paper oil insulation medium (ageing oil+new insulating paper)
The space charge dissipation characteristic under different field strength.
2) to paper oil insulation medium (fresh oil+new insulating paper) new under different field strength and aging paper oil insulation medium (ageing oil+
New insulating paper) space charge dissipation law carry out single order kinetic index Fitting Analysis, matched curve (discrete point be actual measurement
Value, solid line is matched curve) and specifically fitting formula is as follows:
Fig. 3 is using traditional trap calculation method based on pulse electroacoustic method, new paper oil insulation medium (fresh oil+new insulation
Paper) and aging paper oil insulation medium (ageing oil+new insulating paper) the space charge dissipation property fitting under different field strength point
Analysis.
The traditional trap calculation method space charge dissipation single order kinetic index fitting formula based on pulse electroacoustic method of table 2
3) according to fit equation, the parameter of charge decay initial density and damping time constant is extracted, calculates trap level
Distribution, as a result as follows:
Et=KTln (ν t) (4)
Fig. 4 is traditional trap calculated result based on pulse electroacoustic method.
4) by above-mentioned trap level distribution results as it can be seen that utilizing single order kinetics equation only one damping time constant meter
The trap level of calculation is distributed only one peak, is the equalization reflection of depth trap, therefore cannot be distinguished and be deep trap or shallow fall into
Trap.
Two, the improved new method that the distribution of insulating materials trap level is calculated based on pulse electroacoustic method
1) new paper oil insulation medium (fresh oil+new insulating paper) and aging paper oil insulation medium (ageing oil+new insulation are surveyed
Paper) the space charge dissipation characteristic under different field strength it is as follows:
Fig. 5 is new paper oil insulation medium (fresh oil+new insulating paper) and aging paper oil insulation medium (ageing oil+new insulating paper)
The space charge dissipation characteristic under different field strength.
2) to paper oil insulation medium (fresh oil+new insulating paper) new under different field strength and aging paper oil insulation medium (ageing oil+
New insulating paper) space charge dissipation law carry out the analysis of second-order dynamic exponential fitting, obtain quickly with the sky that dissipates at a slow speed
Between charge attenuation law, matched curve (discrete point is measured value, and solid line is matched curve) and specific fitting formula be as follows:
Fig. 6 is using the improved New calculating method based on the distribution of pulse electroacoustic method insulating materials trap level, new oilpaper
The sky under different field strength of dielectric (fresh oil+new insulating paper) and aging paper oil insulation medium (ageing oil+new insulating paper)
Between charge dissipation characteristics Fitting Analysis.
Table 3: the improved New calculating method second-order dynamic based on the distribution of pulse electroacoustic method insulating materials trap level refers to
Number fitting formula
As can be seen that compared with tradition is based on the space charge dissipation single order dynamics approximating method of pulse electroacoustic method, two
Rank kinetic index fitting analyzing method has more preferably fitting effect (fitting solid line and actual measurement discrete point in the electric-charge-dissipating later period
It coincide), the goodness of fit is higher than table 2 (traditional trap level distribution calculation method based on pulse electroacoustic method).
3) it proposes to distinguish the calculation formula that deep, shallow trapping state is distributed, according to charge fast, slow in second-order dynamic relational expression
Initial attenuation density and damping time constant, calculate the energy level distribution for obtaining the corresponding depth of fast, slow charge, shallow trap, and realization is sentenced
Disconnected the reason of causing depth, shallow trapping state distribution to change, belongs to physical imperfection or chemical imperfection.It is specific as follows:
As it can be seen that there is the calculation formula for distinguishing deep shallow trapping state distribution by improved, fast, slow charge pair is obtained
The energy level distribution of the depth, shallow trap answered.Space charge in deep trap dissipates fast, and the electric-charge-dissipating in shallow trap is fast.
New paper oil insulation medium (fresh oil+new insulating paper) and aging paper oil insulation medium (ageing oil+new insulating paper) in comparison diagram 7
Deep, shallow trapping state partial results, it is seen then that the deep trap level density of aging paper oil insulation medium is noticeably greater than new paper oil insulation
Medium, this is primarily due to caused by chemical imperfection caused by insulation oil degradation.Therefore, improved to be based on pulse electroacoustic method insulating materials
The New calculating method of trap level distribution is, it can be achieved that judge that belonging to physics the reason of causing depth, shallow trapping state distribution to change lacks
Fall into still chemical imperfection.
Finally, it is stated that preferred embodiment above is only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and not to limit it, although logical
It crosses above preferred embodiment the present invention is described in detail, however, those skilled in the art should understand that, can be
Various changes are made to it in form and in details, without departing from claims of the present invention limited range.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of method for calculating the distribution of insulating materials trap level based on pulse electroacoustic method, it is characterised in that: this method includes
Following steps:
S1: the space charge dissipation behavior of insulating materials is obtained with electroacoustic pulse interval charge measurement method；
S2: the corresponding space charge amount of different resolution times is obtained；
S3: carrying out second-order dynamic exponential fitting to space charge attenuation characteristic and analyze, and obtains comprising quickly and at a slow speed space is electric
The second-order dynamic exponentially fitted formulae of lotus dissipation law；
S4: proposing to distinguish the calculation formula of deep shallow trapping state distribution, calculates and obtains the corresponding depth of fast, slow charge, shallow trap
Energy level distribution；
S5: according to depth, the energy level distribution character of shallow trap, judge defect type.
2. a kind of method that the distribution of insulating materials trap level is calculated based on pulse electroacoustic method according to claim 1,
Be characterized in that: in step s3, the specific fitting formula of the second-order dynamic exponential fitting analysis is
In formula, σfastWith σslowThe respectively fast charge in surface, i.e., charge and the slow charge in surface, i.e. charge in deep trap in shallow trap；
AfastWith AslowThe respectively fast charge initial density in surface and the slow charge initial density in surface；τfastWith τslowRespectively fast charge
With the charge dissipation time constant of slow charge；|jfast(t) | with | jslow(t) | it is respectively the current density of fast charge and slow charge；
| j (t) | it is current density；R' is mean charge dapths；L is thickness of sample；T is into sunken charge dissipation time.
3. a kind of method that the distribution of insulating materials trap level is calculated based on pulse electroacoustic method according to claim 2,
It is characterized in that: the step S4 specifically:
In formula, e is electron charge 1.6 × 10-19C；K is Boltzmann constant 8.568 × 10-5eV/K；T is absolute temperature；f0
(Et-fast) and f0(Et-slow) be respectively shallow trap and deep trap initial occupation rate；N(Et-fast) it is fast charge difference energy level
Trap density, N (Et-slow) be slow charge difference energy level trap density；η1-fastWith η1-slowIt is all constant；η2-fastWith η2-slow
It is all constant Et-fastWith Et-slowThe trap level of respectively fast charge and slow charge, Et-fast=KTln (ν t), Et-slow=
KTln(νt)；V is electronic vibration frequency 3 × 1012s-1。
4. a kind of method that the distribution of insulating materials trap level is calculated based on pulse electroacoustic method according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that: the step S5 specifically:
The deep trap level density of insulating materials is bigger, is more partial to chemical imperfection；The deep trap level density of insulating materials is got over
It is small, more it is partial to physical imperfection.
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| CN106841947A (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2017-06-13 | 天津大学 | Insulation trap level apparatus for measuring distribution and method based on isothermal discharge current |
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| US6476317B1 (en) * | 1997-07-15 | 2002-11-05 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Radiation shield using electrical insulating materials and the spacecharge fields therein |
| CN103543339A (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2014-01-29 | 国家电网公司 | Method and device for analyzing alternating current-and-direct current space charge test data of dielectric sample |
| CN106596640A (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2017-04-26 | 上海交通大学 | Solid dielectric trap depth and density detection method based on thermally stimulated current |
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