CN107764780A - A kind of method for measuring molecule rotational energy level structure - Google Patents
A kind of method for measuring molecule rotational energy level structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN107764780A CN107764780A CN201710924543.6A CN201710924543A CN107764780A CN 107764780 A CN107764780 A CN 107764780A CN 201710924543 A CN201710924543 A CN 201710924543A CN 107764780 A CN107764780 A CN 107764780A
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- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
Abstract
A kind of method for measuring molecule rotational energy level structure of the present invention.Molecular ionization spectral technique of the present invention based on routine realizes the ionization and detection of molecule, if there is molecule population in the molecule rotational energy level that need to be measured, introduce pulse eclipse of the sun or moon laser and molecule is transferred to excitation state rotating state so that ground state molecule number is there occurs transfer loss by ground state rotating state, scanning records after ground state molecule ionization signal intensity can when losing money in business the frequency of light reflects molecule population rotating state structure；If there is no molecule population in the molecule rotational energy level that need to be measured, first introducing pulse microwave has population rotating state to be transferred to non-population transfer state molecule, reuse the scheme of above-mentioned eclipse of the sun or moon laser acquisition molecule population rotating state structure, the non-population rotating state of laser coupled molecule will be lost money in business, laser coupled molecule population rotating state can also will be lost money in business, the energy level transition between change in signal strength can reflection molecule population rotating state and non-population rotating state after ground state molecule ionization is recorded when scanning microwave frequency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ionization spectroscopy molecular detection level structure technical field, is specially a kind of measurement molecule rotational energy level
The method of structure.
Background technology
The measurement of molecular entergy level has weight to research molecular structure constant, energy state manipulation, potential energy curve and dynamic evolution
Want meaning.Molecule is made up of atom, but its level structure is complicated more than atomic energy level, even in not considering electron spin and atom
In the case of nuclear spin, electronic state, vibrational state and rotating state also contains.Wherein, vibrational state and rotating state are all that molecule is only
Some level structures.In order to measure molecular energy level structure, researcher has developed various spectral technique means, including laser lures
Lead fluorescence spectrum, time resolved spectroscopy, direct absorption spectrum, ionization spectroscopy etc..Wherein, first two spectral technique is suitable for obtaining
Molecular-excited state is to the related information of ground state radiation transistion, and rear both are suitable for measuring molecule ground state level structure.Molecule is spontaneous
The electronic state passage of radiation is numerous and uncontrollable, and the ground state electron state of molecule is unique, is the shape that molecule is stabilized
State, therefore the level structure for detecting ground state molecule is particularly important.The advantages of direct absorption spectrum is high resolution, can be reached
MHz magnitude even more highs, but shortcoming is that sensitivity is low, it is therefore desirable to and energy level has stronger above and below larger molecular density and needs
Molecular transition probability.The detector of ionization spectroscopy can make ion signal amplify 106-108Times, therefore ionization spectroscopy is sensitive
Degree is very high, it might even be possible to realizes the detection of single ion.Its shortcoming is that resolution ratio is low, and reason is to ionize the high energy that light is selected
The line width of amount pulse laser has all reached at least GHz magnitudes, and some have reached more than ten GHz.Therefore ionization spectral technology can only be differentiated
The vibrational state of molecule, can not the less rotating state level structure in measurement frequency interval (having usually arrived on tens MHz magnitudes).If
It can invent a kind of not only with the sensitivity of molecular ionization spectral technique but also with the measurement molecule of direct absorption spectroscopy techniques resolution ratio
The method of rotational energy level structure, it will promote the related application based on molecule rotational energy level structure and scientific research.
The content of the invention
The present invention is in order to solve the problems, such as that existing ionization spectroscopy technology can not measure molecule rotational energy level structure, it is proposed that one
Kind had both maintained ionization spectroscopy sensitivity, and the method for measurable ground state molecule rotational energy level structure.
It is of the invention to be for the technical scheme taken that solves the above problems：
A kind of method for measuring molecule rotational energy level structure, comprises the following steps：
(1) molecule of the population in ground state vibrational state is detected with ionization spectral technique, concrete operations are as follows：Use
High energy pulse laser, the molecule in ground state vibrational state is energized into molecular-excited state vibrational state first, uses identical height
Molecular-excited state vibrational state is energized into molecular ionization state by energy pulse laser again, then with micro-channel plate detector or logical
The molecule of road electron multiplier ionization detection state；
(2) a branch of line width is shaken in MHz magnitudes, power in the laser action of mW magnitudes to ground state using semiconductor laser
On dynamic molecule, action time is in ms magnitudes, wherein setting a light barrier in the front light path of semiconductor laser, leads to
The on and off for crossing adjustment light barrier adjusts the action time of laser, and the laser is referred to as losing money in business laser；
(3) if having molecule population in the molecule rotational energy level that need to be measured, using eclipse of the sun or moon laser to the molecule rotational energy level
Detected, concrete operations are as follows：(a) tuning loses money in business the frequency of laser and makes it resonate to excite in molecule ground state rotating state and molecule
State rotating state, molecule is transferred to excitation state rotating state by ground state rotating state, because the life time of the level of excited state molecule is in ns amounts
Level, molecule quickly can spontaneous radiation to ground state other vibrational states；(b) close and lose money in business laser, using high energy pulse laser pair
Molecular ion is detected, and because the ground state molecule number of eclipse of the sun or moon optical coupling is there occurs transfer loss, therefore photo-ionisation occurs
Molecule amount can be reduced, and the quantity of molecular ion signal reduction just reflects the population of molecule in corresponding rotating state；(c) scanning is lost
The frequency of laser is lost, while records the change in signal strength after ground state molecule ionization, change in signal strength reflection ground state is a certain
The molecule population of rotating state in vibrational state, change in signal strength is bigger, illustrates that molecule population is more；
(4) if not having molecule population in the molecule rotational energy level that need to be measured, laser is shifted and lost money in business with reference to microwave and is realized
Detection to the molecule rotational energy level, concrete operations are as follows：(a) first, pulse microwave is acted on to ground state molecule using microwave source,
Action time in ms magnitudes, makes microwave frequency be tuned between population molecule rotating state and non-population molecule rotating state, can will
The molecule of population molecule rotating state is transferred to non-population molecule rotating state；(b) and then a branch of eclipse of the sun or moon laser of effect, action time exist
Ms magnitudes, if making the frequency tuning of eclipse of the sun or moon laser in the non-population rotating state of molecule ground state and molecular-excited state rotating state resonance position
Put, after closing eclipse of the sun or moon laser, opening ionization light, the molecule amount of photo-ionisation, which occurs, to be reduced；If make the frequency of eclipse of the sun or moon laser
Rate is tuned in molecule ground state population rotating state and molecular-excited state rotating state resonant position, and laser, opening ionization are lost money in business when closing
After light, occur photo-ionisation molecule amount can step (3) lose money in business laser cause it is reduced number of on the basis of reversely increase；(c)
Microwave frequency is scanned, while records the change in signal strength after ground state molecule ionization, change in signal strength reflection ground state is a certain
Energy level transition in vibrational state between population rotating state and non-population rotating state, change in signal strength is bigger, a certain vibration of ground state
Energy level transition in state between population rotating state and non-population rotating state is stronger.
The present invention uses above-mentioned technical proposal, can not be surveyed when solving current ionization spectroscopy technology molecular detection level structure
Measure the technical problem of the less rotating state level structure of frequency interval.Molecular ionization spectral technique of the present invention based on routine is realized
The ionization and detection of molecule, if there is molecule population in the molecule rotational energy level that need to be measured, introduce pulse and lose money in business laser by molecule
Excitation state rotating state is transferred to by ground state rotating state so that ground state molecule number scans the frequency for losing money in business light there occurs transfer loss
The signal intensity can reflection molecule population rotating state structure after ground state molecule ionization is recorded during rate；If the molecule that need to be measured
There is no molecule population in rotational energy level, first introducing pulse microwave has population rotating state to be transferred to non-population transfer state molecule, then
Using the scheme of above-mentioned eclipse of the sun or moon laser acquisition molecule population rotating state structure, the non-population rotating state of laser coupled molecule will be lost money in business,
Laser coupled molecule population rotating state can also will be lost money in business, the signal intensity after ground state molecule ionization is recorded when scanning microwave frequency
The energy level transition changed between can reflection molecule population rotating state and non-population rotating state.The method of the invention was both kept
Ionization spectroscopy sensitivity, can all be surveyed to the energy level and transition intensity of population molecule rotating state and non-population molecule rotating state
Amount, the complete information of ground state molecule rotational energy level structure can be obtained.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that the present invention is shown using the molecular entergy level being related to when losing money in business laser and microwave source measurement molecule rotational energy level structure
It is intended to；
Fig. 2 is that case study on implementation 1 of the present invention utilizes the RbCs molecule ground state X for losing money in business laser measurement1Σ+, vibrational state v=0 turn
Dynamic population；
Fig. 3 is RbCs molecule ground state X of the case study on implementation 2 of the present invention using microwave transition measurement1Σ+, cloth on vibrational state v=0
Occupy the transition of rotating state and non-population rotating state.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Measure RbCs molecule ground state X1Σ+, vibrational state v=0 rotating state population.
Concrete operations are as follows:
(1) using the high energy pulse laser that energy is 1mJ, a diameter of 3mm, pulse width are 7ns, X will be in1Σ+, v
The RbCs molecules of=0 ground state vibrational state are energized into 2 first3Π0 +, v=8 excited vibrational states, the pulse laser again excites this
The molecule of vibrational state is energized into RbCs molecular ionization states, then passes through the RbCs molecules of micro-channel plate detector ionization detection state；
(2) preparing a semiconductor laser as laser, laser linewidth 2MHz, the laser power used is lost money in business is
2mW, optical switch device is used to obtain pulse eclipse of the sun or moon laser of the action time for 2ms；
(3) RbCs molecule ground state X is detected by following operation1Σ+, vibrational state v=0 rotating state population：(a) laser is lost money in business
Frequency tuning is in ground state X1Σ+V=0 vibrational states and excitation state 23Π0 +V=8 vibrational states transition near.(b) 2ms is acted on
Pulse lose money in business laser, afterwards open high energy pulse laser RbCs molecules are ionized and detected with microchannel plate.
(c) laser frequency is lost money in business in scanning, obtains RbCs molecular electronic states X1Σ+, molecule rotating state population on vibrational state v=0, such as Fig. 2 institutes
Show.Abscissa in figure is to lose money in business ray laser frequency, and ordinate is normalized RbCs+Molecular ion signal, solid line are long-range navigations
Hereby formula fitting curve.The decrement of molecular ion signal corresponds to population amount of the molecule in the rotating state, two peak value positions in figure
Put and correspond to X respectively1Σ+Rotating state J=0 and rotating state J=2 is to upper energy level 2 in electronic state v=0 vibrational states3Π0 +Electronic state v=8
The transition of J=1 and J=3 rotating state in vibrational state, laser frequency difference are exactly the level spacing of the two rotating state.
Embodiment 2
Measure RbCs molecule ground state X1Σ+, on vibrational state v=0 population rotating state and non-population rotating state transition.
Concrete operations are as follows:
(1) using the high energy pulse laser that energy is 1mJ, a diameter of 3mm, pulse width are 7ns, X will be in1Σ+, v
The RbCs molecules of=0 ground state vibrational state are energized into 2 first3Π0 +, v=8 excited vibrational states, the pulse laser again excites this
The molecule of vibrational state is energized into RbCs molecular ionization states, then passes through the RbCs molecules of micro-channel plate detector ionization detection state；
(2) preparing a semiconductor laser as laser, laser linewidth 2MHz, the laser power used is lost money in business is
2mW, optical switch device is used to obtain pulse eclipse of the sun or moon laser of the action time for 2ms；
(3) following operational measure RbCs molecule ground state X is pressed1Σ+, population rotating state rotates with non-population on vibrational state v=0
The transition of state：(a) model SG386 microwave source and model ZFSWA2-63DR+ microwave switch are used, when acting
Between for 2ms, the μ W of operating power 10 microwave pulse, frequency tuning is near rotating state J=1 and rotating state J=2 transition.
(b1) the frequency coupled molecule ground state X of light will be lost money in business1Σ+The J=2 rotating state of non-population is to above in electronic state v=0 vibrational states
Level 23Π0 +J=3 rotating state in electronic state v=8 vibrational states.(c1) scan microwave frequency, while record ground state molecule ionization after
Change in signal strength, RbCs molecule ground state X is obtained1Σ+, on vibrational state v=0 population rotating state and non-population rotating state jump
Move, as shown in " losing money in business the non-population state of optical coupling " in Fig. 3.(b2) the frequency coupled molecule ground state X of light will be lost money in business1Σ+Electronic state v
The J=1 rotating state of population is to upper energy level 2 in=0 vibrational state3Π0 +J=2 rotating state in electronic state v=8 vibrational states.(c2) scan
Microwave frequency, while the change in signal strength after ground state molecule ionization is recorded, it also can obtain RbCs molecule ground state X1Σ+, vibrational state
The transition of the upper population rotating state of v=0 and non-population rotating state, as shown in " losing money in business optical coupling population state " in Fig. 3.Horizontal seat in figure
Mark is microwave frequency, and ordinate is normalized RbCs+Molecular ion signal, solid line are Lorentz formula fitting curves.Two clocks
Method is consistent with the measurement result of frequency interval to the transfer amount between molecule rotating state.
Claims (1)
- A kind of 1. method for measuring molecule rotational energy level structure, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps：(1) molecule of the population in ground state vibrational state is detected with ionization spectral technique, concrete operations are as follows：Use high energy Pulse laser is measured, the molecule in ground state vibrational state is energized into molecular-excited state vibrational state first, uses identical high-energy Molecular-excited state vibrational state is energized into molecular ionization state by pulse laser again, then with micro-channel plate detector or passage electricity The molecule of sub- multiplier ionization detection state；(2) using semiconductor laser by a branch of line width MHz magnitudes, power mW magnitudes laser action to ground state vibrational state Molecule on, action time in ms magnitudes, wherein in the front light path of semiconductor laser set a light barrier, pass through tune The on and off of whole light barrier adjusts the action time of laser, and the laser is referred to as losing money in business laser；(3) if having molecule population in the molecule rotational energy level that need to be measured, the molecule rotational energy level is carried out using laser is lost money in business Detection, concrete operations are as follows：(a) frequency of tuning eclipse of the sun or moon laser makes it resonate in molecule ground state rotating state and molecular-excited state turn Dynamically, molecule is transferred to excitation state rotating state by ground state rotating state, because the life time of the level of excited state molecule is in ns magnitudes, point Son quickly can spontaneous radiation to ground state other vibrational states；(b) close lose money in business laser, using high energy pulse laser to molecule from Son is detected, and because the ground state molecule number of eclipse of the sun or moon optical coupling is there occurs transfer loss, therefore the molecular number of photo-ionisation occurs Mesh can be reduced, and the quantity of molecular ion signal reduction just reflects the population of molecule in corresponding rotating state；(c) laser is lost money in business in scanning Frequency, while record ground state molecule ionization after change in signal strength, the change in signal strength reflection a certain vibrational state of ground state The molecule population of upper rotating state, change in signal strength is bigger, illustrates that molecule population is more；(4) if not having molecule population in the molecule rotational energy level that need to be measured, laser is shifted and lost money in business with reference to microwave and is realized to this The detection of molecule rotational energy level, concrete operations are as follows：(a) first, pulse microwave, effect are acted on ground state molecule using microwave source Time in ms magnitudes, makes microwave frequency be tuned between population molecule rotating state and non-population molecule rotating state, can be by population The molecule of molecule rotating state is transferred to non-population molecule rotating state；(b) and then a branch of eclipse of the sun or moon laser is acted on, action time is in ms amounts Level, if making the frequency tuning of eclipse of the sun or moon laser in the non-population rotating state of molecule ground state and molecular-excited state rotating state resonant position, After closing eclipse of the sun or moon laser, opening ionization light, the molecule amount of photo-ionisation, which occurs, to be reduced；If adjust the frequency of eclipse of the sun or moon laser It is humorous in molecule ground state population rotating state and molecular-excited state rotating state resonant position, when close lose money in business laser, open ionization light after, Occur photo-ionisation molecule amount can step (3) lose money in business laser cause it is reduced number of on the basis of reversely increase；(c) scan micro- Wave frequency rate, while the change in signal strength after ground state molecule ionization is recorded, the change in signal strength reflection a certain vibrational state of ground state Energy level transition between upper population rotating state and non-population rotating state, change in signal strength is bigger, cloth in a certain vibrational state of ground state The energy level transition occupied between rotating state and non-population rotating state is stronger.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109060732A (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2018-12-21 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of method of molecular detection rotational wave packet |
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| JPS59214737A (en) * | 1983-05-20 | 1984-12-04 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Measuring device for evaluating uniformity of material structure in molecule level |
| WO2011017386A1 (en) * | 2009-08-05 | 2011-02-10 | Blacklight Power, Inc. | Molecular hydrino laser |
| CN203480055U (en) * | 2013-09-23 | 2014-03-12 | 中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所 | Geopotential third-order derivative measuring transducer based on atom interference effect |
| CN105486676A (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2016-04-13 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Microwave-assisted laser-induced breakdown spectrum device |
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2017
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS59214737A (en) * | 1983-05-20 | 1984-12-04 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Measuring device for evaluating uniformity of material structure in molecule level |
| WO2011017386A1 (en) * | 2009-08-05 | 2011-02-10 | Blacklight Power, Inc. | Molecular hydrino laser |
| CN203480055U (en) * | 2013-09-23 | 2014-03-12 | 中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所 | Geopotential third-order derivative measuring transducer based on atom interference effect |
| CN105486676A (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2016-04-13 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Microwave-assisted laser-induced breakdown spectrum device |
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| Title |
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| GREGORY, PHILIP D.等: "Controlling the rotational and hyperfine state of ultracold (RbCs)-Rb-87-Cs-133 molecules", 《PHYSICAL REVIEW A》 * |
| LEE, YONGHOON等: "Parallel and coupled perpendicular transitions of RbCs 640 nm system: Mass-resolved resonance enhanced two-photon ionization in a cold molecular beam", 《JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A》 * |
| SAGE, JM等: "Optical production of ultracold polar molecules", 《PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS》 * |
| 赵延霆等: "Production and Detection of Ultracold Ground State 85Rb133Cs Molecules in the Lowest Vibrational Level by Short-Range Photoassociation", 《CHINESE PHYSICS LETTERS》 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109060732A (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2018-12-21 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of method of molecular detection rotational wave packet |
| CN109060732B (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2020-06-02 | 华中科技大学 | Method for detecting molecular rotation wave packet |
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