CN107764676B - Friction and wear test device and method for tower falling ring block - Google Patents
Friction and wear test device and method for tower falling ring block Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/56—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0026—Combination of several types of applied forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tower falling ring block friction and wear test device and a method, wherein the tower falling ring block friction and wear test device comprises a load loading mechanism, a block sample clamping mechanism, a ring sample clamping mechanism, a friction power device and a frame fixedly arranged in a tower falling cabin; the frame is provided with a first supporting plate, a second supporting plate and a power device fixing seat for installing a friction power device, wherein the first supporting plate and the second supporting plate are respectively arranged up and down; the invention can be arranged in the falling cabin to carry out a microgravity falling tower friction and wear experiment, and can truly simulate the microgravity environment and explore the influence of microgravity on the friction and wear of the mechanism.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of microgravity tribology, in particular to a tower falling ring block friction and wear test device and method.
Background
With the development of aerospace industry in China, various space institutions are increasingly applied to space practice, and the space institutions are mainly influenced by microgravity, high vacuum, alternating temperature, radiation and other environmental factors for a long time in the space service period. The research on environmental factors such as high vacuum, alternating temperature, radiation and the like is relatively extensive and deep, and effective protective measures are adopted. However, little research is done on the impact of microgravity on the frictional wear of the motion mechanism, and the research is still basically in a blank stage in China.
The method has the advantages that the influence of microgravity on the abrasion of the space mechanism/movable part is studied, the abrasion mechanism of the mechanism under the space environment is explored, and the method has very important significance for solving the long-term effective service problem of various complex spacecraft systems, improving the technical and economic performance indexes of various space mechanisms, and improving engineering application, technical perfection and theoretical development of aerospace industry in the field of space mechanisms in China.
The existing microgravity environment ground simulation test method mainly comprises a tower falling method, a parabolic flight method, a water float method, a wire hanging counterweight method, an air floating platform and the like. Although the water float method, the wire hanging counterweight method and the air floating platform can simulate the microgravity environment for a long time, the reality is poor. Because the existing simulation test means such as a water tank, a suspension and an air floatation cannot solve the problem of three-dimensional motion ground simulation of a complex track, and the effectiveness of the simulation test means is not ideal due to factors such as rope flexibility, resistance such as friction in equipment, motion inertia of a large-mass mechanism and the like. The tower falling method and the airplane parabolic flight can simulate the microgravity environment more truly, but the airplane parabolic flight has high cost and limited practical range for the research of institutions. The microgravity formed by the tower falling method is short in time, is subjected to large impact and limited by the cabin falling environment, and is not suitable for a friction and wear testing machine for a tower falling experiment at present, so that the friction and wear under the microgravity environment is not in blank for the tower falling experiment research at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems existing in the prior art, the invention aims at: the tower falling ring block friction and wear test device can truly simulate the microgravity environment and explore the influence of microgravity on the friction and wear of a mechanism.
Another object of the invention is: a method for friction and wear test of a tower falling ring block is provided.
The aim of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme: the tower falling ring block friction and wear test device comprises a load loading mechanism, a block sample clamping mechanism, a ring sample clamping mechanism, a friction power device and a frame fixedly arranged in a tower falling cabin;
the frame is provided with a first supporting plate, a second supporting plate and a power device fixing seat for installing a friction power device, wherein the first supporting plate and the second supporting plate are respectively arranged up and down;
the block sample clamping mechanism comprises a guide shaft sleeve, a transmission shaft and a block sample mounting seat, a mounting hole is formed in the second supporting plate, the guide shaft sleeve is connected into the mounting hole, the transmission shaft penetrates through the guide shaft sleeve, a spherical contact surface protrudes out of the axial end face of the transmission shaft, the transmission shaft is contacted with the load loading mechanism through the spherical contact surface, and the block sample mounting seat is mounted at the other end part of the transmission shaft;
the ring sample clamping mechanism comprises a ring sample compressing plate, a locking bolt and a ring sample mounting shaft for mounting the ring sample, wherein the ring sample compressing plate is arranged on one side of the ring sample mounting shaft, the ring sample compressing plate is connected with the ring sample mounting shaft through the locking bolt, the ring sample is fixed on the ring sample mounting shaft, the ring sample is contacted with the block sample, and the friction power device is connected with the ring sample mounting shaft and used for driving the ring sample to rotate.
Preferably, the ring sample clamping mechanism further comprises a floating connecting mechanism, wherein the floating connecting mechanism comprises a floating shaft sleeve, a floating connecting pin and a floating ball;
one end of the floating shaft sleeve is fixedly sleeved on the ring sample mounting shaft, the other end of the floating shaft sleeve is sleeved on a transmission main shaft of the friction power device, a first pin connecting hole is formed in the floating shaft sleeve sleeved on the upper part of the transmission main shaft, a second pin connecting hole is formed in the transmission main shaft, corresponding to the pin connecting hole, in an radial direction, a floating connecting pin is connected in the first pin connecting hole and the second pin connecting hole in a penetrating manner, and the floating shaft sleeve is connected with the transmission main shaft;
the end face of the ring sample mounting shaft, which is opposite to the transmission main shaft, is provided with a first arc groove, the end face of the transmission main shaft, which is opposite to the ring sample mounting shaft, is provided with a second arc groove, and the floating ball is arranged between the ring sample mounting shaft and the transmission main shaft and is respectively contacted with the first arc groove and the second arc groove.
Preferably, the ring sample clamping mechanism is further provided with a ball seat, the ball seat is U-shaped, a ball hole is formed in the bottom wall of the ball seat, the ball seat is sleeved on the transmission spindle, a third pin connecting hole is radially formed in the position of the ball seat corresponding to the first pin connecting hole and/or the second pin connecting hole, the floating connecting pin is connected in the first pin connecting hole, the third pin connecting hole and the second pin connecting hole in a penetrating manner, and the outer surface of the floating ball is respectively contacted with the ball hole, the first circular arc groove and the second circular arc groove.
Preferably, the floating connection pin has a diameter smaller than the diameters of the first, second and third pin connection holes.
Preferably, the load loading mechanism comprises the following two structural forms:
structural form one: the load loading mechanism comprises a loading hand wheel, a loading screw rod, a spring pushing and pressing mechanism, a loading spring and a spring mounting seat, wherein the loading hand wheel is connected with the loading screw rod and used for driving the loading screw rod to rotate, a threaded through hole is formed in the first supporting plate, the loading screw rod penetrates through the threaded through hole of the first supporting plate, threads on the outer surface of the loading screw rod are connected with the threaded through hole, the spring pushing and pressing mechanism is connected with the loading screw rod penetrating through the threaded through hole, two ends of the loading spring are respectively connected with the spring pushing and pressing mechanism and the spring mounting seat, and the spring mounting seat is contacted with the spherical contact surface.
And the structural form II is as follows: the load loading mechanism comprises a stepping motor, a ball screw, a spring push plate, a loading spring, a spring mounting seat and a guide rail, wherein a power output shaft of the stepping motor is connected with the ball screw, the spring push plate is connected with a sliding nut of the ball screw, the guide rail is arranged in parallel with the ball screw, the spring push plate is slidably connected onto the guide rail, two ends of the loading spring are respectively connected with the spring push plate and the spring mounting seat, and the spring mounting seat is contacted with a spherical contact surface.
Preferably, the spring pushing mechanism comprises a lock nut, a support nut and a thrust bearing which are sequentially arranged on the loading screw, wherein the lock nut and the support nut are arranged on two sides of the first support plate, the first support plate is positioned between the lock nut and the support nut, and the thrust bearing is connected with the loading spring;
the device is characterized by further comprising a pressure sensor for detecting the loading force, wherein the pressure sensor is fixed on the spring mounting seat, a stress block is arranged on the axial end part of the transmission shaft, the spherical contact surface is arranged on the stress block, and the spherical contact surface is in contact with the pressure sensor.
Preferably, the device further comprises a friction force detection mechanism, wherein the friction force detection mechanism comprises a baffle plate, a transmission plate and a friction force sensor, the baffle plate is fixedly arranged, the transmission plate is fixedly connected with the transmission shaft, the block sample mounting seat is mounted on the bottom end face of the transmission shaft, the center of the block sample mounting seat is staggered with the axis of the transmission shaft, and the friction force sensor is arranged on the baffle plate or the transmission plate and is positioned at a position where the baffle plate and the transmission plate are contacted during testing.
Preferably, the block sample clamping mechanism further comprises a clamping mechanism bearing seat, an upper seat baffle, a lower seat baffle and a shaft sleeve bearing, wherein the clamping mechanism bearing seat is fixedly arranged in the mounting hole, the shaft sleeve bearing is arranged in the clamping mechanism bearing seat, the upper seat baffle and the lower seat baffle are respectively arranged on an upper opening and a lower opening of the clamping mechanism bearing seat, the guide shaft sleeve is arranged in the shaft sleeve bearing, and the transmission shaft penetrates through the upper seat baffle, the guide shaft sleeve and the lower seat baffle;
the friction power device comprises a motor and a transmission main shaft, the power device fixing seat comprises a motor supporting mechanism and a main shaft supporting mechanism, the motor is arranged on the motor supporting mechanism, a power shaft of the motor penetrates through a bearing in the motor supporting mechanism and then drives the ring sample clamping mechanism through connection with the transmission main shaft, and the middle part of the transmission main shaft is connected in the bearing of the main shaft supporting mechanism in a penetrating way.
Preferably, the frame comprises a support column, the bottom of the support column is fixed in a falling cabin of the falling tower, the first support plate is fixedly arranged on the upper part of the support column, and the second support plate is fixedly connected to the middle part of the support column;
the surface of the ring sample mounting shaft, which is used for being matched with the ring sample, is a matched conical surface, and the inner side surface of the ring sample is an assembled conical surface matched with the matched conical surface.
A tower falling ring block friction and wear test method comprises the steps of fixedly mounting a tower falling ring block friction and wear test device on a mounting plate of a drop cabin, and switching on a power supply and a friction force detection mechanism;
after sleeving the ring sample on the ring sample mounting shaft, fixing the ring sample compacting plate on the ring sample loading side through a locking bolt, so that the ring sample is fixed on the ring sample mounting shaft, and the block sample is mounted on the block sample mounting seat;
after the block sample and the ring sample are installed, a loading hand wheel is rotated to load a preset load, the falling cabin is closed, and then the falling cabin is lifted up to prepare a falling tower experiment; the controller is utilized to start the stepping motor, so that the block sample and the ring sample relatively move in the gravity environment, and after the block sample and the ring sample are stably operated, the friction coefficient curve detected by the friction force detection mechanism is stable; when the stepping motor runs, the block sample-ring sample friction pair generates relative motion, and because the block sample is eccentrically clamped, the friction force between the block sample-ring sample friction pair generates tangential torque force on the block sample, the torque force enables the transmission plate to have a motion trend through the transmission shaft, and then the torque force is measured through the friction force sensor between the transmission plate and the baffle plate and converted into corresponding friction force, so that friction force data in an experiment are obtained;
the friction force sensor is connected with a high-speed acquisition instrument, and the high-speed acquisition instrument acquires friction force data detected by the friction force sensor;
and releasing the falling cabin, allowing the falling cabin to freely fall, and then extracting experimental data to analyze friction conditions of the block samples and the ring samples in different gravity environments of the block, so as to complete a tower falling experiment.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
1. the invention has simple structure, higher precision, stable structure and strong impact resistance, is designed by completely referring to various indexes of the falling tower, can be installed in the falling cabin for carrying out a microgravity falling tower friction and wear experiment, can truly simulate the microgravity environment and explore the influence of the microgravity on the friction and wear of the mechanism, makes up the blank of the mechanism friction and wear experiment under the current real microgravity environment, and better explores the influence of the microgravity on the abrasion of a space mechanism.
2. The invention is used for tower falling test and can truly simulate friction and wear in microgravity environment.
3. Because the microgravity time formed by falling the tower is short, the data acquisition part of the invention uses a high-speed acquisition instrument, can acquire friction force data at high speed and high density, and is beneficial to experimental analysis.
4. The ring sample clamping part adopts the floating connecting mechanism, which is beneficial to reducing the impact influence of the falling process of the falling cabin on the sample and the clamp, and meanwhile, because the clamp adopts the floating connection with a gap, the gravity disappears after entering the microgravity environment, the movement of the floating mechanism can be changed, so that the experimental phenomenon is more obvious.
5. The invention can also be independently used on the ground and used for common friction and wear test of the ring block.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the load-applying mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a ring sample clamping mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a load mechanism according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is an enlarged view of the portion of the load mechanism of fig. 4.
Wherein 1, drop cabin, 2, first backup pad, 3, second backup pad, 4, loading hand wheel, 5, loading screw, 6, loading spring, 7, spring mount, 8, guide sleeve, 9, transmission shaft, 10, block sample mount, 11, ring sample hold-down plate, 12, lock bolt, 13, ring sample mount shaft, 14, block sample, 15, ring sample, 16, floating sleeve, 17, floating connecting pin, 18, floating ball, 19, ball seat, 20, pressure sensor, 21, baffle, 22, drive plate, 23, friction sensor, 24, clamping mechanism bearing block, 25, upper seat baffle, 26, lower seat baffle, 27, sleeve bearing, 28, motor, 29, drive spindle, 30, motor support mechanism, 31, spindle support mechanism, 32, lock nut, 33, support nut, 34, bearing, 35, support post, 36, force block, 37, spherical contact surface, 38, stepper motor, 39, ball screw, 40, spring push plate, 41, loading spring, 42, spring mount, 43, guide rail, 44, slide nut.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Embodiment one:
a tower falling ring block friction and wear test device comprises a frame, a load loading mechanism, a block sample clamping mechanism, a ring sample clamping mechanism and a friction power device;
the frame is fixedly arranged in a falling cabin of the falling tower and is provided with a first supporting plate, a second supporting plate and a power device fixing seat for installing a friction power device, wherein the first supporting plate and the second supporting plate are respectively arranged up and down;
the load loading mechanism comprises a loading hand wheel, a loading screw rod, a spring pushing mechanism, a loading spring and a spring mounting seat, wherein the loading hand wheel is connected with the loading screw rod and used for driving the loading screw rod to rotate, a threaded through hole is formed in the first supporting plate, the loading screw rod penetrates through the threaded through hole of the first supporting plate, threads on the outer surface of the loading screw rod are connected with the threaded through hole, the spring pushing mechanism is connected with the loading screw rod penetrating through the threaded through hole, and two ends of the loading spring are respectively connected with the spring pushing mechanism and the spring mounting seat;
the block sample clamping mechanism comprises a guide shaft sleeve, a transmission shaft and a block sample mounting seat for mounting a block sample, wherein a mounting hole is formed in a second supporting plate, the guide shaft is connected to the mounting hole, the transmission shaft penetrates through the guide shaft sleeve, a spherical contact surface protrudes from the axial end face of the transmission shaft, and the transmission shaft is in contact with the spring mounting seat through the spherical contact surface, so that point-to-surface contact (point contact) between the spring mounting seat and the transmission shaft can be ensured, when the spring mounting seat and the transmission shaft are subjected to vibration, the loaded loading force is transmitted to the transmission shaft without being influenced by the vibration, meanwhile, the friction force between the spring mounting seat and the transmission shaft can be reduced, and the influence when the transmission shaft generates torque is reduced, so that the friction force sensor can detect more accurately. The block sample mounting seat is mounted at the other end part of the transmission shaft, and the transmission shaft is mounted in the guide shaft sleeve, so that the transmission shaft is sensitive in transmission, compact in structure, high in precision and firm in fixation.
The ring sample clamping mechanism comprises a ring sample compressing plate, a locking bolt and a ring sample mounting shaft for mounting the ring sample, wherein the ring sample compressing plate is connected with the ring sample mounting shaft through the locking bolt, the ring sample is fixed on the ring sample mounting shaft, the ring sample is contacted with the block sample, and the friction power device is connected with the ring sample mounting shaft and used for driving the ring sample to rotate.
Preferably, the ring sample clamping mechanism further comprises a floating connecting mechanism, wherein the floating connecting mechanism comprises a floating shaft sleeve, a floating connecting pin and a floating ball;
one end of the floating shaft sleeve is fixedly sleeved on the ring sample mounting shaft, the other end of the floating shaft sleeve is sleeved on a transmission main shaft of the friction power device, a first pin connecting hole is formed in the floating shaft sleeve sleeved on the upper part of the transmission main shaft, a second pin connecting hole is formed in the transmission main shaft, corresponding to the pin connecting hole, in an radial direction, a floating connecting pin is connected in the first pin connecting hole and the second pin connecting hole in a penetrating manner, and the floating shaft sleeve is connected with the transmission main shaft;
the end face of the ring sample mounting shaft, which is opposite to the transmission main shaft, is provided with a first arc groove, the end face of the transmission main shaft, which is opposite to the ring sample mounting shaft, is provided with a second arc groove, and the floating ball is arranged between the ring sample mounting shaft and the transmission main shaft and is respectively contacted with the first arc groove and the second arc groove.
Preferably, the ring sample clamping mechanism is further provided with a ball seat, the ball seat is U-shaped, a ball hole is formed in the bottom wall of the ball seat, the ball seat is sleeved on the transmission spindle, a third pin connecting hole is radially formed in the position of the ball seat corresponding to the first pin connecting hole and/or the second pin connecting hole, the floating connecting pin is connected in the first pin connecting hole, the third pin connecting hole and the second pin connecting hole in a penetrating manner, and the outer surface of the floating ball is respectively contacted with the ball hole, the first circular arc groove and the second circular arc groove.
Preferably, the floating connection pin has a diameter smaller than the diameters of the first, second and third pin connection holes.
Preferably, the device is further provided with a pressure sensor for detecting the loading force, the pressure sensor is fixed on the spring mounting seat, the axial end part of the transmission shaft is provided with a stress block, and the spherical contact surface is arranged on the stress block and is in contact with the pressure sensor.
Preferably, the spring pushing mechanism comprises a lock nut, a support nut and a thrust bearing which are sequentially arranged on the loading screw, wherein the lock nut and the support nut are arranged on two sides of the first support plate, the first support plate is positioned between the lock nut and the support nut, and the thrust bearing is connected with the loading spring.
Preferably, the frame comprises a support column, the bottom of the support column is fixed in a falling cabin of the falling tower, the first support plate is fixedly arranged on the upper part of the support column, and the second support plate is fixedly connected to the middle part of the support column;
the ring sample mounting shaft is used for being matched with the ring sample, the surface of the ring sample mounting shaft is a matched conical surface, and the inner side surface of the ring sample is an assembled conical surface matched with the matched conical surface, so that the ring sample is more firmly mounted, and the test result is more fit and practical.
Embodiment two:
the first difference between this embodiment and the second embodiment is that: the friction force detection mechanism comprises a baffle plate, a transmission plate and a friction force sensor, wherein the baffle plate is fixedly arranged, the transmission plate is fixedly connected with the transmission shaft, the block sample mounting seat is mounted on the bottom end face of the transmission shaft, the center of the block sample mounting seat is staggered with the axis of the transmission shaft, and the friction force sensor is arranged on the baffle plate or the transmission plate and is positioned at a position where the baffle plate and the transmission plate are contacted during testing.
The friction sensor is described herein as being mounted to a baffle: in the testing process, the transmission shaft rotates to drive the transmission plate to rotate towards the baffle plate, so that the transmission plate is contacted with the friction sensor, after the transmission plate is contacted with the friction sensor, the friction sensor can detect the torque generated by the transmission shaft in the testing process, and the torque is converted into the corresponding friction force according to the detected torque force, so that the friction force generated by the friction pair of the block sample and the ring sample is measured in the testing process.
Embodiment III:
the present embodiment is different in that: the block sample clamping mechanism further comprises a clamping mechanism bearing seat, an upper seat baffle, a lower seat baffle and a shaft sleeve bearing, wherein the clamping mechanism bearing seat is fixedly arranged in the mounting hole, the shaft sleeve bearing is arranged in the clamping mechanism bearing seat, the upper seat baffle and the lower seat baffle are respectively arranged on an upper opening and a lower opening of the clamping mechanism bearing seat, the guide shaft sleeve is arranged in the shaft sleeve bearing, and the transmission shaft penetrates through the upper seat baffle, the guide shaft sleeve and the lower seat baffle.
Embodiment four:
the present embodiment is different in that: the friction power device comprises a motor and a transmission main shaft, the power device fixing seat comprises a motor supporting mechanism and a main shaft supporting mechanism, the motor is arranged on the motor supporting mechanism, a power shaft of the motor penetrates through a bearing in the motor supporting mechanism and then drives the ring sample clamping mechanism through connection with the transmission main shaft, and the middle part of the transmission main shaft is connected in the bearing of the main shaft supporting mechanism in a penetrating way. Preferably, the motor is a stepper motor.
The motor supporting mechanism and the spindle supporting mechanism are both provided with deep groove ball bearings, and the stepping motor and the transmission spindle are respectively provided with the deep groove ball bearings in the motor supporting mechanism and the spindle supporting mechanism, so that the transmission precision is high, the installation is firm and stable, and the shock resistance is high.
The working process and the working principle of the invention are as follows:
the tower falling friction and wear test steps are as follows:
the invention is arranged on the mounting plate of the drop cabin, ensures stable installation and is connected with a power supply and a control system.
After the ring sample is fitted to the ring sample mounting shaft, the ring sample pressing plate is fixed to the ring sample mounting side by the lock bolt, thereby fixing the ring sample to the ring sample mounting shaft. The block sample is mounted to the block sample mount.
After the block samples and the ring samples are installed, the loading hand wheel is rotated to load preset load, the falling cabin is closed, and then the falling cabin is lifted up to prepare for a tower falling experiment. And starting the stepping motor by using the controller to enable the block sample and the ring sample to perform relative motion, generating friction, releasing the falling cabin to enable the falling cabin to freely fall after the friction is stable, and then extracting experimental data to analyze friction conditions of the block sample and the ring sample in different gravity environments to finish a falling tower experiment.
When the stepping motor operates, the block sample-ring sample friction pair generates relative motion, and the friction force between the block sample-ring sample friction pair generates tangential torque force on the block sample due to eccentric clamping of the block sample, the torque force enables the transmission plate to have a motion trend through the transmission shaft, and then the torque force is measured through the friction force sensor between the transmission plate and the baffle plate and converted into corresponding friction force, so that friction force data in an experiment are obtained.
Because the tower falling experiment time is very short and the requirement on the analog quantity acquisition frequency is very high, the analog quantity acquisition frequency used by the invention is 2k/s, and the acquired data is stored in a chip, and can be derived into various formats such as Excel, text files and the like, thereby being convenient for subsequent analysis and archiving.
Because the clamp adopts floating connection and has gaps, after the clamp enters a microgravity environment, the movement behavior of the floating mechanism with the gaps can be changed due to the disappearance of gravity, so that the friction behavior can be influenced, and the experimental phenomenon is more obvious.
The experimental device is completed in a gravity environment and a microgravity environment at one time, and the influence of the microgravity environment on friction behavior is analyzed by comparison; firstly, the motor is stably operated in a gravity environment, so that a friction coefficient curve is stable, then the falling cabin is released, a temporary microgravity experiment is carried out, and the motor can be stopped after the falling cabin falls to the lowest end. The friction coefficients of the falling cabin and the tower falling ring block are definitely different due to the fact that the falling cabin is in a gravity environment before falling and in a microgravity environment in the falling process, and the friction and wear test method of the falling tower ring block is used for analyzing the friction coefficients because the microgravity environment time is only 3.6 seconds.
The ring sample clamping part adopts the floating connecting mechanism, when the mechanism operates stably in a gravity environment, the falling cabin is released to enter a microgravity stage, and the movement behavior of the floating connecting mechanism with a gap can be changed due to the disappearance of gravity, so that the friction behavior can be influenced, the experimental phenomenon is more obvious, and the high-speed collector is adopted to collect and store the friction force data of the whole experimental stage, so that the influence of the microgravity on the friction and abrasion is analyzed by comparison.
The main application is as follows: the invention works in the gravity falling cabin and is mainly used for testing the friction and wear performance and the friction coefficient of the materials in the falling tower experiment.
Requirements for environment in a falling cabin are as follows: the mass of the whole machine is as follows: less than or equal to 75kg, the height of the whole machine: less than or equal to 1400mm, diameter: impact resistance of in-cabin mechanical, electrical and computer equipment is less than or equal to 860 mm: 20g or more, power supply: 24V/30A, therefore, the invention adopts the small number of parts in order to meet the above-mentioned requirement, and connect compactly and firmly between the spare parts, thus achieve the overall quality of simple in construction about 50kg, the complete machine height can not exceed 800mm, the complete machine diameter range does not exceed 800mm, have the characteristic that the shock resistance is strong at the same time, drive by stepping motor at the same time, thus meet the power requirement.
The microgravity time is only 3.6 seconds, so that the influence of the microgravity on the friction coefficient can be detected in a short time, the requirement on the analog acquisition frequency is very high, the analog acquisition frequency used by the method is 2k/s, and the acquired data are stored in a chip, so that various formats such as Excel, text files and the like can be derived, and the method is convenient for subsequent analysis and archiving.
The ground common friction and wear test comprises the following steps:
the invention can also be installed on the ground to perform a common friction and wear test of the ring block. Before the test, various sensors are connected with a computer so as to conveniently observe various data in real time. And then starting the motor to perform friction and wear test according to specific required parameters, and completing the test.
Fifth embodiment:
the present embodiment is different in that: the load loading mechanism comprises a stepping motor, a ball screw, a spring push plate, a loading spring, a spring mounting seat and a guide rail, wherein a power output shaft of the stepping motor is connected with the ball screw, the spring push plate is connected with a sliding nut of the ball screw, the guide rail is arranged in parallel with the ball screw, the spring push plate is slidably connected onto the guide rail, two ends of the loading spring are respectively connected with the spring push plate and the spring mounting seat, and the spring mounting seat is contacted with a spherical contact surface.
After the block sample and the ring sample are mounted, the stepping motor is started to drive the ball screw to rotate, and the spring push plate slides along the guide rail through the loading spring to enable the spring mounting seat to apply pressure to the transmission shaft, so that the spring mounting seat is loaded to a preset load.
The above examples are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above examples, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be made in the equivalent manner, and the embodiments are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a tower ring piece frictional wear test device falls which characterized in that: the device comprises a load loading mechanism, a block sample clamping mechanism, a ring sample clamping mechanism, a friction power device and a frame fixedly arranged in a falling tower falling cabin;
the frame is provided with a first supporting plate, a second supporting plate and a power device fixing seat for installing a friction power device, wherein the first supporting plate and the second supporting plate are respectively arranged up and down;
the block sample clamping mechanism comprises a guide shaft sleeve, a transmission shaft and a block sample mounting seat, a mounting hole is formed in the second supporting plate, the guide shaft sleeve is connected into the mounting hole, the transmission shaft penetrates through the guide shaft sleeve, a spherical contact surface protrudes out of the axial end face of the transmission shaft, the transmission shaft is contacted with the load loading mechanism through the spherical contact surface, and the block sample mounting seat is mounted at the other end part of the transmission shaft;
the ring sample clamping mechanism comprises a ring sample compacting plate, a locking bolt and a ring sample mounting shaft for mounting the ring sample, wherein the ring sample compacting plate is arranged at one side of the ring sample mounting shaft, the ring sample compacting plate is connected with the ring sample mounting shaft through the locking bolt, the ring sample is fixed on the ring sample mounting shaft, the ring sample is contacted with the block sample, and the friction power device is connected with the ring sample mounting shaft and used for driving the ring sample to rotate;
the ring sample clamping mechanism also comprises a floating connecting mechanism, wherein the floating connecting mechanism comprises a floating shaft sleeve, a floating connecting pin and a floating ball;
one end of the floating shaft sleeve is fixedly sleeved on the ring sample mounting shaft, the other end of the floating shaft sleeve is sleeved on a transmission main shaft of the friction power device, a first pin connecting hole is formed in the floating shaft sleeve sleeved on the upper part of the transmission main shaft, a second pin connecting hole is formed in the transmission main shaft, corresponding to the pin connecting hole, in an radial direction, a floating connecting pin is connected in the first pin connecting hole and the second pin connecting hole in a penetrating manner, and the floating shaft sleeve is connected with the transmission main shaft;
the end face of the ring sample mounting shaft, which is opposite to the transmission main shaft, is provided with a first arc groove, the end face of the transmission main shaft, which is opposite to the ring sample mounting shaft, is provided with a second arc groove, and the floating ball is arranged between the ring sample mounting shaft and the transmission main shaft and is respectively contacted with the first arc groove and the second arc groove.
2. The tower falling ring block friction wear test device according to claim 1, wherein: the ring sample clamping mechanism is further provided with a ball seat, the ball seat is U-shaped, a ball hole is formed in the bottom wall of the ball seat, the ball seat is sleeved on the transmission spindle, a third pin connecting hole is radially formed in the position, corresponding to the first pin connecting hole and/or the second pin connecting hole, of the ball seat, the floating connecting pin is connected in the first pin connecting hole, the third pin connecting hole and the second pin connecting hole in a penetrating mode, and the outer surface of the floating ball is in contact with the ball hole, the first arc groove and the second arc groove respectively.
3. The tower falling ring block friction wear test device according to claim 2, wherein: the floating connection pin has a diameter smaller than the diameters of the first, second and third pin connection holes.
4. The tower falling ring block friction wear test device according to claim 1, wherein: the load loading mechanism comprises the following two structural forms:
structural form one: the load loading mechanism comprises a loading hand wheel, a loading screw rod, a spring pushing mechanism, a loading spring and a spring mounting seat, wherein the loading hand wheel is connected with the loading screw rod and used for driving the loading screw rod to rotate, a threaded through hole is formed in the first supporting plate, the loading screw rod penetrates through the threaded through hole of the first supporting plate, threads on the outer surface of the loading screw rod are connected with the threaded through hole, the spring pushing mechanism is connected with the loading screw rod penetrating through the threaded through hole, two ends of the loading spring are respectively connected with the spring pushing mechanism and the spring mounting seat, and the spring mounting seat is contacted with the spherical contact surface;
and the structural form II is as follows: the load loading mechanism comprises a stepping motor, a ball screw, a spring push plate, a loading spring, a spring mounting seat and a guide rail, wherein a power output shaft of the stepping motor is connected with the ball screw, the spring push plate is connected with a sliding nut of the ball screw, the guide rail is arranged in parallel with the ball screw, the spring push plate is slidably connected onto the guide rail, two ends of the loading spring are respectively connected with the spring push plate and the spring mounting seat, and the spring mounting seat is contacted with a spherical contact surface.
5. The tower falling ring block friction wear test device according to claim 4, wherein: the spring pushing mechanism comprises a lock nut, a support nut and a thrust bearing which are sequentially arranged on the loading screw, wherein the lock nut and the support nut are arranged on two sides of the first support plate, the first support plate is positioned between the lock nut and the support nut, and the thrust bearing is connected with the loading spring;
the device is characterized by further comprising a pressure sensor for detecting the loading force, wherein the pressure sensor is fixed on the spring mounting seat, a stress block is arranged on the axial end part of the transmission shaft, the spherical contact surface is arranged on the stress block, and the spherical contact surface is in contact with the pressure sensor.
6. The tower falling ring block friction wear test device according to claim 1, wherein: the friction force detection mechanism comprises a baffle plate, a transmission plate and a friction force sensor, wherein the baffle plate is fixedly arranged, the transmission plate is fixedly connected with the transmission shaft, the block sample mounting seat is mounted on the bottom end face of the transmission shaft, the center of the block sample mounting seat is staggered with the axis of the transmission shaft, and the friction force sensor is arranged on the baffle plate or the transmission plate and is positioned at a position where the baffle plate and the transmission plate are contacted during testing.
7. The tower falling ring block friction wear test device according to claim 1, wherein: the block sample clamping mechanism further comprises a clamping mechanism bearing seat, an upper seat baffle, a lower seat baffle and a shaft sleeve bearing, wherein the clamping mechanism bearing seat is fixedly arranged in the mounting hole, the shaft sleeve bearing is arranged in the clamping mechanism bearing seat, the upper seat baffle and the lower seat baffle are respectively arranged on an upper opening and a lower opening of the clamping mechanism bearing seat, the guide shaft sleeve is arranged in the shaft sleeve bearing, and the transmission shaft penetrates through the upper seat baffle, the guide shaft sleeve and the lower seat baffle;
the friction power device comprises a motor and a transmission main shaft, the power device fixing seat comprises a motor supporting mechanism and a main shaft supporting mechanism, the motor is arranged on the motor supporting mechanism, a power shaft of the motor penetrates through a bearing in the motor supporting mechanism and then drives the ring sample clamping mechanism through connection with the transmission main shaft, and the middle part of the transmission main shaft is connected in the bearing of the main shaft supporting mechanism in a penetrating way.
8. The tower falling ring block friction wear test device according to claim 1, wherein: the frame comprises a support column, the bottom of the support column is fixed in a falling cabin of the falling tower, the first support plate is fixedly arranged on the upper part of the support column, and the second support plate is fixedly connected to the middle part of the support column;
the surface of the ring sample mounting shaft, which is used for being matched with the ring sample, is a matched conical surface, and the inner side surface of the ring sample is an assembled conical surface matched with the matched conical surface.
9. A method of tower ring block frictional wear testing using the tower ring block frictional wear testing apparatus of any one of claims 1-8, characterized by: the tower falling ring block friction and wear test device is fixedly arranged on a mounting plate of the falling cabin, and a power supply and a friction force detection mechanism are connected;
after sleeving the ring sample on the ring sample mounting shaft, fixing the ring sample compacting plate on the ring sample loading side through a locking bolt, so that the ring sample is fixed on the ring sample mounting shaft, and the block sample is mounted on the block sample mounting seat;
after the block sample and the ring sample are installed, a loading hand wheel is rotated to load a preset load, the falling cabin is closed, and then the falling cabin is lifted up to prepare a falling tower experiment; the controller is utilized to start the stepping motor, so that the block sample and the ring sample relatively move in the gravity environment, and after the block sample and the ring sample are stably operated, the friction coefficient curve detected by the friction force detection mechanism is stable; when the stepping motor runs, the block sample-ring sample friction pair generates relative motion, and because the block sample is eccentrically clamped, the friction force between the block sample-ring sample friction pair generates tangential torque force on the block sample, the torque force enables the transmission plate to have a motion trend through the transmission shaft, and then the torque force is measured through the friction force sensor between the transmission plate and the baffle plate and converted into corresponding friction force, so that friction force data in an experiment are obtained;
the friction force sensor is connected with a high-speed acquisition instrument, and the high-speed acquisition instrument acquires friction force data detected by the friction force sensor;
and releasing the falling cabin, allowing the falling cabin to freely fall, and then extracting experimental data to analyze friction conditions of the block samples and the ring samples in different gravity environments of the block, so as to complete a tower falling experiment.
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| CN201711173743.9A CN107764676B (en) | 2017-11-22 | 2017-11-22 | Friction and wear test device and method for tower falling ring block |
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| CN201711173743.9A CN107764676B (en) | 2017-11-22 | 2017-11-22 | Friction and wear test device and method for tower falling ring block |
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| CN107764676B true CN107764676B (en) | 2023-11-17 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109342240B (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2023-09-12 | 河南理工大学 | Multifunctional force thermal vibration coupling friction and wear experiment platform |
| CN113607589A (en) * | 2021-08-19 | 2021-11-05 | 冯成立 | High-speed high-pressure friction and wear experimental equipment and using method thereof |
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