CN107757299B - Automobile air conditioner using three-layer sleeve type intermediate heat exchanger and control method thereof - Google Patents
Automobile air conditioner using three-layer sleeve type intermediate heat exchanger and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
- B60H1/00385—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
- B60H1/00392—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell for electric vehicles having only electric drive means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00321—Heat exchangers for air-conditioning devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00735—Control systems or circuits characterised by their input, i.e. by the detection, measurement or calculation of particular conditions, e.g. signal treatment, dynamic models
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00735—Control systems or circuits characterised by their input, i.e. by the detection, measurement or calculation of particular conditions, e.g. signal treatment, dynamic models
- B60H1/00792—Arrangement of detectors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
- B60H1/00899—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00321—Heat exchangers for air-conditioning devices
- B60H2001/0035—Heat exchangers for air-conditioning devices movable in and out of the air stream
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an automobile air conditioner using a three-layer sleeve type intermediate heat exchanger, which comprises: a compressor; the three-layer double-pipe heat exchanger comprises an outer layer sleeve, a middle layer sleeve and an inner layer sleeve; wherein the method comprises the steps of the process comprises, the inlet and the outlet of the inner sleeve are respectively communicated with the inlet and the outlet of the outer sleeve; one end of the heat exchanger outside the vehicle is connected with the compressor through a first three-way valve, the other end is connected with the outer sleeve through a third three-way valve; one end of the main heat exchanger in the vehicle is respectively connected with the middle-layer sleeve and the external heat exchanger through a second three-way valve, and the other end of the main heat exchanger in the vehicle is connected with the external sleeve through a fourth three-way valve; and one end of the auxiliary heat exchanger in the vehicle is connected with the compressor through a first three-way valve, and the other end of the auxiliary heat exchanger is connected with the main heat exchanger in the vehicle through a one-way valve. The invention discloses a control method of an automobile air conditioner using a three-layer sleeve type intermediate heat exchanger.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of automobile air conditioners, in particular to an automobile air conditioner using a three-layer double pipe type intermediate heat exchanger and a control method thereof.
Background
Compared with the traditional fuel oil automobile, the electric automobile is different in that the electric automobile uses a battery as driving power, does not have engine waste heat for heating, cannot provide a heat source for heating in winter of an automobile air conditioner, and has to use self heating. The battery used for powering the air conditioning system is mainly used for driving the automobile, and the energy consumption of the air conditioning system has a great influence on the stroke of each charging of the automobile. In the heating cycle, when the ambient temperature is-10 ℃, the heat supply performance of an air conditioning system using R134a working medium is still good, but when the outdoor temperature is reduced below-20 ℃, the system efficiency is reduced sharply, mainly due to the fact that the evaporation pressure is reduced sharply caused by the reduction of the ambient temperature, the suction specific volume is increased, the flow of refrigerant is reduced, and the heating capacity of the system is reduced.
The double-pipe heat exchanger has simple structure, can bear high pressure and is convenient to apply. Particularly, the double-pipe heat exchanger has the advantages of high heat transfer coefficient, high heat transfer pushing force and high pressure bearing capacity, and is widely applied to the heat exchange process of the automobile air conditioner. Conventional double-pipe heat exchangers are typically concentric double-pipe made of two straight pipes of different diameters. In this heat exchanger, one fluid goes through the inner layer and the other fluid goes through the outer layer, both of which can obtain a higher flow rate, and in the double pipe heat exchanger, the two fluids are mostly pure countercurrent, the logarithmic average temperature difference is larger, and the heat transfer coefficient is higher. But the heat transfer performance and heat transfer coefficient are often not greatly improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention designs and develops an automobile air conditioner using a three-layer sleeve type intermediate heat exchanger, and aims to solve the problem of low heat exchange efficiency caused by heat exchange by using two layers of concentric sleeves in the prior art.
The invention designs and develops a control method of an automobile air conditioner using a three-layer sleeve type intermediate heat exchanger, and aims to solve the problem that the automobile air conditioner is effectively controlled after performance parameters of the automobile air conditioner are monitored so as to achieve a better running state.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
an automotive air conditioner using a three-layer double pipe type intermediate heat exchanger, comprising:
a compressor;
the three-layer double-pipe heat exchanger comprises an outer layer sleeve, a middle layer sleeve and an inner layer sleeve; wherein, the inlet and the outlet of the inner sleeve are respectively communicated with the inlet and the outlet of the outer sleeve;
one end of the heat exchanger outside the vehicle is connected with the compressor through a first three-way valve, and the other end of the heat exchanger is connected with the outer sleeve through a third three-way valve;
one end of the main heat exchanger in the vehicle is respectively connected with the middle-layer sleeve and the external heat exchanger through a second three-way valve, and the other end of the main heat exchanger in the vehicle is connected with the external sleeve through a fourth three-way valve;
and one end of the auxiliary heat exchanger in the vehicle is connected with the compressor through a first three-way valve, and the other end of the auxiliary heat exchanger is connected with the main heat exchanger in the vehicle through a one-way valve.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
a first electronic expansion valve disposed on an input line between the outer sleeve to the third three-way valve; and
and the second electronic expansion valve is arranged on an input pipeline from the fourth three-way valve to the main heat exchanger in the vehicle.
Preferably, fins are provided between the middle layer sleeve and the inner layer sleeve.
Preferably, the three-layer double pipe heat exchanger and the fins are all made of aluminum alloy materials.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
the outer sleeve temperature sensor is arranged on an inlet and outlet pipeline of the outer sleeve and is used for monitoring the inlet and outlet temperature of the outer sleeve;
the middle-layer sleeve temperature sensor is arranged on an inlet and outlet pipeline of the middle-layer sleeve and is used for monitoring the inlet and outlet temperature of the middle-layer sleeve;
a compressor temperature sensor mounted on a line between the compressor and the first three-way valve for monitoring the compressor outlet temperature;
and the controller is electrically connected with the outer sleeve temperature sensor, the compressor temperature sensor, the first three-way valve, the second three-way valve, the third three-way valve and the fourth three-way valve at the same time.
A control method of an automobile air conditioner using a three-layer sleeve type intermediate heat exchanger, which is used for controlling based on a BP neural network, comprises the following steps:
step one, measuring the inlet temperature T of the outer sleeve according to the flowing direction of the refrigerant by a temperature sensor according to the sampling period OI Temperature T of outer sleeve outlet OO Inlet temperature T of middle layer sleeve MI Outlet temperature T of middle layer sleeve MO Compressor outlet temperature T;
normalizing the parameters in the first step in sequence to determine an input layer vector x= { x of the three-layer BP neural network 1 ,x 2 ,x 3 ,x 4 ,x 5 X, where x 1 Is the temperature coefficient x of the inlet of the outer sleeve 2 For the temperature of the outlet of the outer sleeve, x 3 Is the temperature coefficient of the inlet of the middle layer sleeve, x 4 Is the temperature coefficient of the outlet of the middle layer sleeve, x 5 The compressor outlet temperature coefficient;
step three, mapping the input layer vector to an intermediate layer, wherein the intermediate layer vector y= { y 1 ,y 2 ,…,y m -a }; m is the number of intermediate layer nodes;
step four, obtaining an output layer vector z= { z 1 ,z 2 ,z 3 ,z 4 ,z 5 -a }; wherein z is 1 For adjusting the angle of the first three-way valve, z 2 Adjusting the angle for the second three-way valveIs z 3 For the adjustment coefficient of the angle of the third three-way valve, z 4 The adjusting coefficient of the angle is adjusted for the fourth three-way valve, z 5 Is an emergency shutdown signal;
step five, controlling the first three-way valve adjusting angle, the second three-way valve adjusting angle, the third three-way valve adjusting angle and the fourth three-way valve adjusting angle to enable
δ a(i+1) ＝z 1 i δ amax ，
δ b(i+1) ＝z 2 i δ bmax ，
δ c(i+1) ＝z 3 i δ cmax ，
δ d(i+1) ＝z 4 i δ dmax ，
Wherein z is 1 i 、z 2 i 、z 3 i 、z 4 i Layer vector parameters, delta, are output for the ith sampling period respectively amax 、δ bmax 、δ cmax 、δ dmax The maximum adjustment angles of the first three-way valve, the second three-way valve, the third three-way valve and the fourth three-way valve are respectively set, and delta is calculated a(i+1) 、δ b(i+1) 、δ c(i+1) 、δ d(i+1) The first three-way valve adjusting angle, the second three-way valve adjusting angle, the third three-way valve adjusting angle and the fourth three-way valve adjusting angle are respectively in the (i+1) th sampling period.
Preferably, after the fifth step, the method further includes: judging the running state of the air conditioner of the automobile in the (i+1) th sampling period according to the temperature sampling signal in the (i) th sampling period, and outputting a signal z 5 i When=0, an emergency stop is performed.
Preferably, the number m of intermediate layer nodes satisfies:wherein n is the number of nodes of the input layer, and p is the number of nodes of the output layer.
PreferablyIn the second step, the inlet temperature T of the outer sleeve is higher than the inlet temperature T of the outer sleeve OI Temperature T of outer sleeve outlet OO Inlet temperature T of middle layer sleeve MI Outlet temperature T of middle layer sleeve MO The specification formula of the compressor outlet temperature T is as follows:
wherein x is j To input parameters in layer vectors, X j Respectively are measured parameters T OI 、T OO 、T MI 、T MO 、T，j＝1,2,3,4,5；X jmax And X jmin Respectively the maximum and minimum of the corresponding measured parameters.
Preferably, in the third step,
under the initial running state, the first three-way valve adjusting angle, the second three-way valve adjusting angle, the third three-way valve adjusting angle and the second three-way valve adjusting angle meet the empirical values:
δ a0 ＝0.95δ amax ，
δ b0 ＝0.75δ bmax ，
δ c0 ＝0.55δ cmax ，
δ d0 ＝0.55δ dmax ，
wherein delta a0 For initially adjusting the angle delta of the first three-way valve b0 For the initial adjustment of the angle delta of the second three-way valve c0 For the initial adjustment of the third three-way valve, delta d0 An angle is initially adjusted for the fourth three-way valve; delta amax For setting the maximum regulating angle delta of the first three-way valve bmax For setting the maximum regulating angle delta of the second three-way valve cmax For setting the maximum regulating angle delta of the third three-way valve dmax And the maximum adjustment angle of the fourth three-way valve is set.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the heat exchange device has the advantages that the heat exchange area of the traditional double-pipe heat exchanger is controllable, the heat exchange performance of equipment is improved, the heat exchange mode is mainly double-sided heat exchange, the heat transfer coefficient and the heat exchange rate of the heat exchanger can be greatly improved, a three-layer double-pipe middle heat exchanger is newly added on the basis of an air conditioning system of an automobile three-heat exchanger, the air suction condition of a compressor under a low-temperature working condition is improved, heat recovery can be realized under a refrigerating or heating mode, the refrigerating capacity and the heating capacity of the system are increased, and the defrosting and dehumidifying capacity is improved;
2. the device competitiveness is enhanced, so that the device competitiveness of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger in the aspects of heat transfer coefficient and heat exchange performance is enhanced;
3. the energy is saved, the environment is protected, the heat exchange efficiency with stronger heat exchange performance and higher heat exchange performance brings less energy loss, so that the energy can be saved, the waste heat loss is reduced, and the optimization of the heat exchange performance can be more fully realized when the heat exchange device is used in an automobile air conditioner;
4. according to the control method based on the BP neural network, the first electronic three-way valve, the second electronic three-way valve, the third electronic three-way valve and the fourth electronic three-way valve are subjected to angle regulation and control, so that the first electronic three-way valve, the second electronic three-way valve, the third electronic three-way valve and the fourth electronic three-way valve reach the optimal running state, and the running efficiency is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an air conditioning system for an automobile according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a cooling mode of an air conditioner for an automobile according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an automobile air conditioner heating mode according to the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a three-layer double pipe type intermediate heat exchanger according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of a three-layer double pipe type intermediate heat exchanger according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a front view of a three-layer double pipe intermediate heat exchanger according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a three-layer double pipe intermediate heat exchanger according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention by referring to the description.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the design of the invention develops an automobile air conditioner using a three-layer sleeve type intermediate heat exchanger, and the air conditioner comprises an air conditioner body based on a compressor 100 and a heat exchanger, and simultaneously comprises four electronic three-way valves: a first electronic three-way valve 310, a second electronic three-way valve 320, a third electronic three-way valve 330, a fourth electronic three-way valve 340, and a one-way valve 370; the inlet of the compressor 100 is connected with a fourth electronic three-way valve 340 through a three-layer sleeve type intermediate heat exchanger 400, the heat exchangers comprise an external heat exchanger 210 and an internal heat exchanger, and the outlet of the compressor 100 is respectively connected with the external heat exchanger 210 and the internal heat exchanger through a first electronic three-way valve 310.
The external heat exchanger 210 and the internal heat exchanger are provided with two inlets and outlets, one inlet and outlet of the external heat exchanger 210 is connected with one inlet and outlet of the internal heat exchanger through a third electronic three-way valve 330, a three-layer sleeve type intermediate heat exchanger 400, a fourth electronic three-way valve 340 and a second electronic expansion valve 360, the other inlet and outlet of the external heat exchanger 210 is provided with two branches, the other inlet and outlet of the external heat exchanger 210 is respectively connected with a first electronic three-way valve 310 and a second electronic three-way valve 320, the other inlet and outlet of the internal heat exchanger is provided with two branches, one path is connected with the second electronic three-way valve 320, and the other path is connected with the first electronic three-way valve 310 through a one-way valve 370; as an improvement, two heat exchangers are provided in the vehicle in total: an in-vehicle main heat exchanger 220 and an in-vehicle auxiliary heat exchanger 230.
The invention has the advantages of simple system structure, strong refrigerating and heating performance, simplicity, high efficiency, high reliability and the like, and the three-layer sleeve type intermediate heat exchanger technology is applied in the invention, so that liquid refrigerant can be effectively prevented from entering the compressor without additionally arranging a gas-liquid separator, and damage to the compressor is avoided; meanwhile, the application of the three-layer sleeve type intermediate heat exchanger 400 also increases the refrigerating and heating performance of the system, the heat exchanger in the vehicle can be exchanged with the traditional air conditioner heat exchanger in terms of installation, and the compressor adopts the air supplementing and enthalpy increasing vortex electric compressor, so that the system can normally work in a low-temperature environment, the heating capacity and refrigerating capacity of the system can be effectively improved, the energy efficiency ratio of the system is increased, the system constitution is simplified, and the electronic expansion valve has great advantages in terms of working capacity, service life and reliability compared with the traditional bidirectional expansion valve aiming at the service environment of a small-sized vehicle
As shown in fig. 4 to 7, the present invention improves the structure of the double pipe heat exchanger, increases the heat exchanging area by increasing the double pipe method, integrates the high heat exchanging performance and the high strength structure of the double pipe heat exchanger, and the three-layer double pipe heat exchanger 400 comprises an outer layer double pipe 410, a middle layer double pipe 420 and an inner layer double pipe 430; flowing in the outer casing 410 is a gaseous refrigerant 510, flowing in the inner casing 430 is also a gaseous refrigerant 510, flowing in the middle casing 420 between the inner casing 430 and the outer casing 410 is a liquid refrigerant 520, flowing in opposite directions of both the gaseous refrigerant 510 and the liquid refrigerant 520, and the fins 421 are located between the middle casings 420; the inlet and outlet of the inner sleeve 430 are respectively communicated with the inlet and outlet of the outer sleeve 410, so that the gaseous refrigerant 510 enters the outer sleeve through the inlet of the outer sleeve 410 and is divided into two paths, one path flows out through the outlet of the outer sleeve 410, and the other path flows out through the outlet of the outer sleeve 410 after flowing through the inner sleeve 430, thereby performing better heat exchange and enhancing energy efficiency.
In another embodiment, the outer sleeve 410, the middle sleeve 420, the inner sleeve 430 and the fins 421 are all made of high-strength aluminum alloy materials, and the fins 421 are welded in the middle sleeve 420; as a preferred use, the heat exchanger may be operated as follows: in use, the heat exchangers are combined, and the gas-side gaseous refrigerant 510 is connected with the evaporator-compressor; the liquid side liquid refrigerant 520 is connected to a condenser-expansion valve.
As shown in fig. 2, the refrigeration cycle process of the heat pump air conditioning cycle system for an automobile of the present invention includes: the refrigerant is compressed in the compressor 100, enters the external heat exchanger 210 through the first electronic three-way valve 310 after being compressed, enters the main heat exchanger 220 in the vehicle through the third electronic three-way valve 330, the outer sleeve 410 in the three-layer sleeve type intermediate heat exchanger 400, the fourth electronic three-way valve 340 and the second electronic expansion valve 360 after being condensed in the external heat exchanger 210, and then enters the middle sleeve 420 in the second electronic three-way valve 320 and the three-layer sleeve type intermediate heat exchanger 400 after being evaporated in the main heat exchanger 220 in the vehicle, and finally returns to the compressor 100 to form a refrigeration cycle.
As shown in fig. 3, the heating cycle process of the heat pump air conditioning cycle system of the automobile of the present invention includes: the refrigerant is compressed in the compressor 100, enters the auxiliary heat exchanger 230 in the vehicle through the first electronic three-way valve 310 after being compressed, enters the main heat exchanger 220 in the vehicle through the one-way valve 370 after being condensed in the auxiliary heat exchanger 230 in the vehicle, enters the heat exchanger 210 outside the vehicle through the fourth electronic three-way valve 340, the outer sleeve 410 in the three-layer sleeve type intermediate heat exchanger 400, the first electronic expansion valve 350 and the third electronic three-way valve 330 after being condensed again, and finally returns to the compressor 100 to form a heating cycle after being evaporated in the heat exchanger 210 outside the vehicle through the second electronic three-way valve 320 and the middle sleeve 420 in the three-layer sleeve type intermediate heat exchanger 400.
In another embodiment, the automotive air conditioner provided by the invention further includes: an outer layer sleeve temperature sensor, a middle layer sleeve temperature sensor, a compressor temperature sensor and a controller; wherein, the outer sleeve temperature sensor is arranged on the inlet and outlet pipelines of the outer sleeve 410 and is used for monitoring the inlet temperature T of the outer sleeve 410 OI And outlet temperature T OO The middle layer sleeve temperature sensor is arranged on the inlet and outlet pipelines of the middle layer sleeve 420 and is used for monitoring the inlet temperature T of the middle layer sleeve 420 MI And outlet temperature T MO The compressor temperature sensor is installed on a pipeline between the compressor 100 and the first electronic three-way valve 310 for monitoring the outlet temperature T of the compressor 100, and the controller is electrically connected with the outer sleeve temperature sensor, the compressor temperature sensor, the first electronic three-way valve 310, the second electronic three-way valve 320, the third electronic three-way valve 330 and the fourth electronic three-way valve 340 at the same time.
The invention also provides a control method of the automobile air conditioner using the three-layer sleeve type intermediate heat exchanger, which is based on the inlet temperature T of the outer sleeve 410 in the flowing direction of the refrigerant OI And outlet temperature T OO Inlet temperature T of middle layer sleeve 420 MI And outlet temperature T MO The outlet temperature T of the compressor 100 is equal to the first electronic three-way valve 310, the second electronic three-way valve 320 and the third electronic three-way valveThe three-way valve 330 and the fourth electronic three-way valve 340 are regulated and controlled based on the BP neural network, and the specific method is as follows:
step one, building a BP neural network model:
the BP network system structure adopted by the invention is composed of three layers, wherein the first layer is an input layer, n nodes are provided, n detection signals representing the working state of equipment are corresponding, and the signal parameters are given by a data preprocessing module; the second layer is a hidden layer, m nodes are all determined in a self-adaptive mode by the training process of the network; the third layer is an output layer, and p nodes are totally determined by the response which is actually required to be output by the system.
The mathematical model of the network is:
input layer vector: x= (x 1 ,x 2 ,…,x n ) T
Intermediate layer vector: y= (y) 1 ,y 2 ,…,y m ) T
Outputting layer vectors: z= (z) 1 ,z 2 ,…,z p ) T
In the invention, the number of nodes of an input layer is n=5, and the number of nodes of an output layer is p=5; the number of hidden layer nodes m is estimated by:
according to the sampling period, 5 parameters are input as x 1 Is the temperature coefficient x of the inlet of the outer sleeve 2 For the temperature of the outlet of the outer sleeve, x 3 The temperature of the inlet of the middle layer sleeve is x 4 Is the temperature coefficient of the outlet of the middle layer sleeve, x 5 Is the compressor outlet temperature coefficient;
since the data acquired by the sensor belong to different physical quantities, the dimensions are different. Therefore, the data needs to be normalized to a number between 0 and 1 before the data is input into the neural network.
Specifically, for the outer casing inlet temperature T OI Normalizing to obtain the inlet temperature coefficient x of the outer sleeve 1 ：
Wherein T is OI_min And T OI_max The lowest temperature and the highest temperature of the inlet of the outer sleeve respectively.
Likewise, for the outer sleeve outlet temperature T OO Normalizing to obtain the temperature coefficient x of the outlet of the outer sleeve 2 ：
Wherein T is OO_min And T OO_max The lowest temperature and the highest temperature of the outer casing outlet, respectively.
For the inlet temperature T of the middle layer sleeve MI Normalizing to obtain the temperature coefficient x of the inlet of the middle sleeve 3 ：
Wherein T is MI_min And T MI_max The lowest temperature and the highest temperature of the inlet of the middle layer sleeve respectively.
Likewise, for the middle layer bushing outlet temperature T MO Normalizing to obtain the temperature coefficient x of the outlet of the middle layer sleeve 4 ：
Wherein T is MO_min And T MO_max The lowest temperature and the highest temperature of the outlet of the middle layer sleeve respectively.
Normalizing the outlet temperature T of the compressor to obtain the outlet temperature coefficient x of the compressor 5 ：
Wherein T is min And T max The minimum and maximum temperatures at the compressor outlet, respectively.
The 5 parameters of the output signal are expressed as: z 1 The adjusting coefficient of the angle is adjusted for the first electronic three-way valve, z 2 The adjusting coefficient of the second electronic three-way valve for adjusting the angle, z 3 The adjusting coefficient of the angle is adjusted for the third electronic three-way valve, z 4 The adjusting coefficient of the angle is adjusted for the fourth electronic three-way valve, z 5 Is an emergency shutdown signal;
adjustment coefficient z of adjustment angle of first electronic three-way valve 1 Expressed as the ratio of the first electronic three-way valve adjustment angle in the next sampling period to the maximum adjustment angle set in the current sampling period, i.e. in the ith sampling period, the acquired adjustment angle is delta ai Outputting an adjustment angle adjustment coefficient z of the ith sampling period through the BP neural network 1 i Then, the adjustment angle delta in the (i+1) th sampling period is controlled a(i+1) Make it meet delta a(i+1) ＝z 1 i δ amax ；
Adjusting coefficient z of adjusting angle of second electronic three-way valve 2 Expressed as the ratio of the second electronic three-way valve adjustment angle in the next sampling period to the maximum adjustment angle set in the current sampling period, i.e. in the ith sampling period, the acquired adjustment angle is delta bi Outputting an adjustment angle adjustment coefficient z of the ith sampling period through the BP neural network 2 i Then, the adjustment angle delta in the (i+1) th sampling period is controlled b(i+1) Make it meet delta b(i+1) ＝z 2 i δ bmax ；
Adjustment coefficient z of adjustment angle of third electronic three-way valve 3 Expressed as the ratio of the third electronic three-way valve adjustment angle in the next sampling period to the maximum adjustment angle set in the current sampling period, i.e. in the ith sampling period, the acquired adjustment angle is delta ci Outputting the adjustment angle adjustment of the ith sampling period through the BP neural networkCoefficient z 3 i Then, the adjustment angle delta in the (i+1) th sampling period is controlled c(i+1) Make it meet delta c(i+1) ＝z 3 i δ cmax ；
Adjusting coefficient z of fourth electronic three-way valve adjusting angle 4 Expressed as the ratio of the fourth electronic three-way valve adjustment angle in the next sampling period to the maximum adjustment angle set in the current sampling period, i.e. in the ith sampling period, the acquired adjustment angle is delta di Outputting an adjustment angle adjustment coefficient z of the ith sampling period through the BP neural network 4 i Then, the adjustment angle delta in the (i+1) th sampling period is controlled d(i+1) Make it meet delta d(i+1) ＝z 4 i δ dmax ；
Emergency stop signal z 5 The method comprises the steps of representing the running state of current equipment, wherein the output value is 0 or 1, and when the output value is 0, representing that the current equipment is in an abnormal state, wherein emergency stop is needed at the moment, and shutdown treatment is carried out on an automobile air conditioner; when the output value is 1, the current equipment is in a normal state, and the operation can be continued.
Step two: training of BP neural network:
after the BP neural network node model is established, the BP neural network can be trained. Obtaining training samples according to experience data of products, and giving connection weight w between input node i and hidden layer node j ij Connection weight w between hidden layer node j and output layer node k jk Threshold θ of hidden node j j The threshold w of the output layer node k ij 、w jk 、θ j 、θ k Are random numbers between-1 and 1.
In the training process, continuously correcting w ij And w jk And (3) completing the training process of the neural network until the systematic error is less than or equal to the expected error.
As shown in table 1, a set of training samples and the values of the nodes during training are given.
Table 1 training process node values
Step three, acquiring data operation parameters and inputting the data operation parameters into a neural network to obtain a regulation and control coefficient;
the trained artificial neural network is solidified in the chip, so that the hardware circuit has the functions of prediction and intelligent decision making, and intelligent hardware is formed. After the intelligent hardware is powered on and started, the adjusting angle of the first electronic three-way valve, the adjusting angle of the second electronic three-way valve, the adjusting angle of the third electronic three-way valve and the adjusting angle of the fourth electronic three-way valve all start to operate at maximum values, namely the adjusting angle delta of the first electronic three-way valve a0 ＝0.95δ amax Angle of adjustment delta of second electronic three-way valve b0 ＝0.75δ bmax Angle of adjustment delta of third electronic three-way valve c0 ＝0.55δ cmax Angle of adjustment delta of fourth electronic three-way valve d0 ＝0.55δ dmax ，；
At the same time, an outer sleeve temperature sensor is used for measuring the initial temperature T of an inlet of the outer sleeve OI0 And an outlet initial temperature T OO0 Measuring the initial temperature T of the inlet of the middle layer sleeve by using a temperature sensor of the middle layer sleeve MI0 And an outlet initial temperature T MO0 Measuring compressor outlet initial temperature T using a compressor temperature sensor 0 By normalizing the parameters, an initial input vector of the BP neural network is obtainedObtaining an initial output vector through the operation of the BP neural network
Step four: controlling the adjusting angle of the first electronic three-way valve, the adjusting angle of the second electronic three-way valve,An adjusting angle of the third electronic three-way valve and an adjusting angle of the fourth electronic three-way valve; obtaining initial output vectorAfter that, can carry out angle regulation and control, adjust the angle regulation of first electron three-way valve, the angle regulation of second electron three-way valve, the angle regulation of third electron three-way valve and the angle regulation of fourth electron three-way valve, make the angle regulation of first electron three-way valve, the angle regulation of second electron three-way valve, the angle regulation of third electron three-way valve and the angle regulation of fourth electron three-way valve of next sampling period do respectively:
δ a1 ＝z 1 0 δ amax ，
δ b1 ＝z 2 0 δ bmax ，
δ c1 ＝z 3 0 δ cmax ，
δ d1 ＝z 4 0 δ dmax ，
acquiring the inlet temperature T of the outer sleeve in the ith sampling period through a sensor OIi Outer casing outlet temperature T OOi Inlet temperature T of middle layer sleeve MIi Outlet temperature T of middle layer sleeve MOi Compressor outlet temperature T i The input vector x of the ith sampling period is obtained by normalization i ＝(x 1 i ,x 2 i ,x 3 i ,x 4 i ,x 5 i ) Obtaining an output vector z of the ith sampling period through the operation of the BP neural network i ＝(z 1 i ,z 2 i ,z 3 i ,z 4 i ,z 5 i ) Then controlling and adjusting the adjusting angle of the first electronic three-way valve, the adjusting angle of the second electronic three-way valve, the adjusting angle of the third electronic three-way valve and the adjusting angle of the fourth electronic three-way valve to enable the adjusting angle of the first electronic three-way valve, the adjusting angle of the second electronic three-way valve and the third electronic three-way valve to be adjusted in the (i+1) th sampling periodThe adjustment angle of the valve and the adjustment angle of the fourth electronic three-way valve are respectively as follows:
δ a(i+1) ＝z 1 i δ amax ，
δ b(i+1) ＝z 2 i δ bmax ，
δ c(i+1) ＝z 3 i δ cmax ，
δ d(i+1) ＝z 4 i δ dmax ，
and fifthly, monitoring an emergency stop signal of the automobile air conditioner.
According to z 5 i And (3) judging whether the set working state is in an abnormal working state, and immediately stopping the equipment when the equipment is in the normal working state so as to overhaul, thereby avoiding further damage of the equipment.
Through the arrangement, the temperature of the inlet and outlet of the outer sleeve, the temperature of the inlet and outlet of the middle sleeve and the temperature of the outlet of the compressor are monitored in real time through the sensor, and the adjustment angles of the first electronic three-way valve, the second electronic three-way valve, the third electronic three-way valve and the fourth electronic three-way valve are adjusted and controlled through the BP neural network algorithm, so that the optimal running state is achieved, and the running efficiency is improved.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, it is not limited to the details and embodiments shown and described, it is well suited to various fields of use for which the invention would be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and accordingly, the invention is not limited to the specific details and illustrations shown and described herein, without departing from the general concepts defined in the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A control method of an automotive air conditioner using a three-layer double pipe type intermediate heat exchanger, characterized by comprising:
a compressor;
the three-layer double-pipe heat exchanger comprises an outer layer sleeve, a middle layer sleeve and an inner layer sleeve; wherein, the inlet and the outlet of the inner sleeve are respectively communicated with the inlet and the outlet of the outer sleeve;
one end of the heat exchanger outside the vehicle is connected with the compressor through a first three-way valve, and the other end of the heat exchanger is connected with the outer sleeve through a third three-way valve;
one end of the main heat exchanger in the vehicle is respectively connected with the middle-layer sleeve and the external heat exchanger through a second three-way valve, and the other end of the main heat exchanger in the vehicle is connected with the external sleeve through a fourth three-way valve;
one end of the auxiliary heat exchanger in the vehicle is connected with the compressor through a first three-way valve, and the other end of the auxiliary heat exchanger in the vehicle is connected with the main heat exchanger in the vehicle through a one-way valve;
the outer sleeve temperature sensor is arranged on an inlet and outlet pipeline of the outer sleeve and is used for monitoring the inlet and outlet temperature of the outer sleeve;
the middle-layer sleeve temperature sensor is arranged on an inlet and outlet pipeline of the middle-layer sleeve and is used for monitoring the inlet and outlet temperature of the middle-layer sleeve;
a compressor temperature sensor mounted on a line between the compressor and the first three-way valve for monitoring the compressor outlet temperature;
a controller that simultaneously electrically connects the outer casing temperature sensor, the middle casing temperature sensor, the compressor temperature sensor, the first three-way valve, the second three-way valve, the third three-way valve, and the fourth three-way valve;
the control method is based on BP neural network for control and comprises the following steps:
step one, measuring the inlet temperature T of the outer sleeve according to the flowing direction of the refrigerant by a temperature sensor according to the sampling period OI Temperature T of outer sleeve outlet OO Inlet temperature T of middle layer sleeve MI Outlet temperature T of middle layer sleeve MO Compressor outlet temperature T;
normalizing the parameters in the first step in sequence to determine an input layer vector x= { of the three-layer BP neural networkx 1 ,x 2 ,x 3 ,x 4 ,x 5 X, where x 1 Is the temperature coefficient x of the inlet of the outer sleeve 2 For the temperature of the outlet of the outer sleeve, x 3 Is the temperature coefficient of the inlet of the middle layer sleeve, x 4 Is the temperature coefficient of the outlet of the middle layer sleeve, x 5 The compressor outlet temperature coefficient;
step three, mapping the input layer vector to an intermediate layer, wherein the intermediate layer vector y= { y 1 ,y 2 ,...,y m -a }; m is the number of intermediate layer nodes;
step four, obtaining an output layer vector z= { z 1 ,z 2 ,z 3 ,z 4 ,z 5 -a }; wherein z is 1 For adjusting the angle of the first three-way valve, z 2 For adjusting the angle of the second three-way valve, z 3 For the adjustment coefficient of the angle of the third three-way valve, z 4 The adjusting coefficient of the angle is adjusted for the fourth three-way valve, z 5 Is an emergency shutdown signal;
step five, controlling the first three-way valve adjusting angle, the second three-way valve adjusting angle, the third three-way valve adjusting angle and the fourth three-way valve adjusting angle to enable
δ a(i+1) ＝z 1 i δ amax ，
δ b(i+1) ＝z 2 i δ bmax ，
δ c(i+1) ＝z 3 i δ cmax ，
δ d(i+1) ＝z 4 i δ dmax ，
Wherein z is 1 i 、z 2 i 、z 3 i 、z 4 i Layer vector parameters, delta, are output for the ith sampling period respectively amax 、δ bmax 、δ cmax 、δ dmax The maximum adjustment angles of the first three-way valve, the second three-way valve, the third three-way valve and the fourth three-way valve are respectively set, and delta is calculated a(i+1) 、δ b(i+1) 、δ c(i+1) 、δ d(i+1) The first three-way valve adjusting angle, the second three-way valve adjusting angle, the third three-way valve adjusting angle and the fourth three-way valve adjusting angle are respectively in the (i+1) th sampling period.
2. The control method of an automotive air conditioner using a three-layer double pipe type intermediate heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the automotive air conditioner using a three-layer double pipe type intermediate heat exchanger further comprises:
a first electronic expansion valve disposed on an input line between the outer sleeve to the third three-way valve; and
and the second electronic expansion valve is arranged on an input pipeline from the fourth three-way valve to the main heat exchanger in the vehicle.
3. A control method of an air conditioner for a vehicle using a three-layer double pipe type intermediate heat exchanger according to claim 1 or 2, wherein fins are provided between the intermediate layer double pipe and the inner layer double pipe.
4. A control method of an air conditioner for a vehicle using a three-layer double pipe type intermediate heat exchanger according to claim 3, wherein the three-layer double pipe type heat exchanger and the fins are both made of an aluminum alloy material.
5. The method for controlling an air conditioner for a vehicle using a three-layer double pipe type intermediate heat exchanger according to claim 4, wherein the fifth step further comprises: judging the running state of the air conditioner of the automobile in the (i+1) th sampling period according to the temperature sampling signal in the (i) th sampling period, and outputting a signalIn this case, an emergency stop is performed.
6. The control method of an automotive air conditioner using a three-layer double pipe type intermediate heat exchanger according to claim 5, wherein the number m of intermediate layer nodes satisfies:wherein n is the number of nodes of the input layer, and p is the number of nodes of the output layer.
7. The method for controlling an air conditioner for a vehicle using a three-layer double pipe type intermediate heat exchanger according to claim 6, wherein in the second step, the outer layer double pipe inlet temperature T OI Temperature T of outer sleeve outlet OO Inlet temperature T of middle layer sleeve MI Outlet temperature T of middle layer sleeve MO The specification formula of the compressor outlet temperature T is as follows:
wherein x is j To input parameters in layer vectors, X j Respectively are measured parameters T OI 、T OO 、T MI 、T MO 、T，j＝1,2,3,4,5；X jmax And X jmin Respectively the maximum and minimum of the corresponding measured parameters.
8. The method for controlling an air conditioner for a vehicle using a three-layer double pipe type intermediate heat exchanger according to claim 7, wherein, in the third step,
under the initial running state, the first three-way valve adjusting angle, the second three-way valve adjusting angle, the third three-way valve adjusting angle and the second three-way valve adjusting angle meet the empirical values:
δ a0 ＝0.95δ amax ，
δ b0 ＝0.75δ bmax ，
δ c0 ＝0.55δ cmax ，
δ d0 ＝0.55δ dmax ，
wherein delta a0 For initially adjusting the angle delta of the first three-way valve b0 For the initial adjustment of the angle delta of the second three-way valve c0 The angle is initially adjusted for the third three-way valve,δ d0 an angle is initially adjusted for the fourth three-way valve; delta amax For setting the maximum regulating angle delta of the first three-way valve bmax For setting the maximum regulating angle delta of the second three-way valve cmax For setting the maximum regulating angle delta of the third three-way valve dmax And the maximum adjustment angle of the fourth three-way valve is set.
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