CN107752998B - Systolic pressure measuring device - Google Patents
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- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/021—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
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- A61B5/021—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
- A61B5/022—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels by applying pressure to close blood vessels, e.g. against the skin; Ophthalmodynamometers
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- A61B5/021—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
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- A61B5/0225—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels by applying pressure to close blood vessels, e.g. against the skin; Ophthalmodynamometers the pressure being controlled by electric signals, e.g. derived from Korotkoff sounds
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Abstract
The invention discloses a systolic pressure measuring device, which is characterized in that a photoelectric sensor is additionally arranged on the basis of a traditional electronic sphygmomanometer to acquire photoelectric signals, and the starting time of systolic pressure is judged through a blood flow detection module and/or a pulse detection module; the interference that the direct reading pressure sensor is subjected to arm vibration and the like is avoided; the device is simple to realize, accurate in measurement and strong in anti-interference performance, and further can avoid the influence of individual difference on the systolic pressure to the maximum extent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of medical electronics and noninvasive blood pressure measurement, in particular to a systolic pressure measuring device.
Background
Blood pressure is the pressure of blood flowing in a blood vessel against the side of the blood vessel wall per unit area, and is an important basis for clinical diagnosis of diseases, observation of therapeutic effects, and the like, reflecting the appropriate condition of cardiac output or peripheral resistance. The non-invasive blood pressure measurement is a common blood pressure detection method, and the current clinical common non-invasive blood pressure measurement equipment mainly comprises a mercury sphygmomanometer and an electronic sphygmomanometer, and adopts an auscultation method and an oscillography method as measurement principles respectively.
At present, most of electronic blood pressure meters adopt an oscillometric method as a measurement principle, namely, during the inflation and deflation process of a cuff, oscillation waves can appear in pressure signals along with the change of the air pressure of the cuff, and the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure are obtained by a proportionality coefficient method according to the amplitude of the oscillation waves. Because the sources of the oscillation waves are complicated, except the pulse wave flowing through the cuff pressing area, the oscillation waves easily contain interference caused by arm shaking and the like, in this case, the accuracy of the pulse wave detected in the oscillography is difficult to be ensured, so that the measurement result is influenced, and in order to solve the problem, the measurement method mainly comprises two types: adding strong filtering in an oscillography algorithm according to interference characteristics; and correcting the oscillography algorithm by referring to other parameters. However, the anti-interference results of the two methods are not ideal. On the other hand, the difference between human individuals is large, the coefficients for calculating the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure in the oscillometric method are generally only suitable for most people, and the measurement error is large when other unsuitable people are measured. All of the above factors affect the accuracy of the oscillometric measurements.
The functional structure of the conventional electronic sphygmomanometer is shown in fig. 1, and comprises a host, and a pressure sensor and a pressurizing cuff which are electrically connected with the host. The pressure sensor acquires the current pressure of the pressurizing cuff, which is called the current pressure for short.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a systolic pressure measuring device which can reduce interference caused by arm shaking and is not influenced by individual difference to be measured.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a systolic blood pressure measurement device comprising: the device comprises a host, a pressurizing cuff electrically connected with the host and a pressure sensor arranged on the pressurizing cuff, wherein the host is also electrically connected with a photoelectric sensor. The photoelectric sensor collects photoelectric signals;
the pressurizing cuff pressurizes the arm, and when the pressurizing cuff starts to deflate and release pressure after the pressurizing is finished, the pressure sensor starts to work and continuously collects and stores the pressure from the artery.
The host computer extracts a characteristic signal from the photoelectric signal to judge the starting time point of the blood flow perfusion artery;
and the pressure sensor selects the pressure corresponding to the starting time point as the systolic pressure.
When the systolic pressure is measured, the host computer extracts characteristic signals from the photoelectric signals collected by the photoelectric sensors to judge the starting time point of the blood flow perfusion artery. And (4) according to the pressure collected by the current pressure sensor corresponding to the selected starting time point, namely the systolic pressure. The pressure sensed by the current pressure sensor is referred to as the current pressure.
Preferably, the host further includes a detection unit, configured to extract the feature signal and determine whether the feature signal includes a specific parameter that continuously increases or decreases within a predetermined time, and if so, extract the feature signal.
Preferably, the characteristic signal is a perfusion signal set as a ratio of an alternating current component and a direct current component in the photoelectric signal. The detection unit further includes: and the perfusion degree signal detection module is used for extracting the perfusion degree signal from the photoelectric signal acquired by the photoelectric sensor and judging whether the artery starts to be perfused according to the characteristics of the perfusion degree signal.
Preferably, the perfusion degree signal detection module further includes: the device comprises a filtering component, a ratio calculation component and a judgment component;
the filtering component is used for carrying out band-pass filtering on the photoelectric signal and removing a direct current component and a high-frequency component in the photoelectric signal to obtain an alternating current component;
the filtering component is also used for carrying out low-pass filtering on the photoelectric signal to remove high-frequency components contained in the photoelectric signal so as to obtain the direct-current component;
the ratio calculation component is connected with the alternating current output end and the direct current output end of the filtering component respectively and used for calculating the perfusion degree signal;
the judging component is connected with the ratio calculating component and is used for judging whether the perfusion degree signal is not 0 value or not and entering the next judgment;
the judging component is further configured to judge whether the perfusion degree signal is continuously increased, and if so, the corresponding time of the perfusion degree signal is the starting time point.
Preferably, the characteristic signal is a pulse signal set as a waveform characteristic of an alternating current component in the photoelectric signal. The detection unit further comprises a pulse signal detection module which is used for extracting the pulse signal from the photoelectric signal acquired by the photoelectric sensor, judging whether the artery starts to be perfused according to whether the amplitude of the waveform in the pulse signal is continuously increased or not, and taking the starting position of the waveform as the starting time point.
Preferably, the pulse signal detection module includes: the device comprises a reference component, a waveform extraction component and a waveform discrimination component;
the reference component is used for detecting and updating the amplitude value and the pulse rate value of the pulse signal of the detected person before the pressurizing cuff is started;
the waveform extraction component is used for carrying out band-pass filtering on the photoelectric signal, removing direct-current components and high-frequency interference in the photoelectric signal and obtaining the alternating-current components capable of reflecting the change of the blood flow period;
the waveform judging component is used for judging whether a waveform continuously appears in the alternating current component by taking the amplitude value as amplitude reference, and judging whether the waveform is the pulse signal or not according to whether the difference between the interval between the continuously appearing waveforms and the pulse rate value is in a set range or not if the waveform continuously appears in the alternating current component is continuously appeared in the amplitude reference;
the waveform judging component is further used for judging whether the waveform amplitude of the pulse signal is continuously increased or not according to the waveform, and if so, taking the starting position of the pulse signal as the starting time point of the blood flow perfusion artery.
Preferably, the host further comprises:
and the comparison unit is used for comparing the pressure values acquired by the pressure sensors corresponding to more than two starting time points, and taking the maximum value as the systolic pressure.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention also adopts the following technical scheme:
a kind of systolic pressure measuring device, including the host computer and the pressurization cuff that connects electrically and the pressure sensor on the pressurization cuff, the said photoelectric sensor is used for fixing in the downstream position of artery with the pressurization cuff ipsilateral, the said host computer also connects electrically the photoelectric sensor, the apparatus also includes:
the perfusion degree signal detection module is used for extracting perfusion degree signals from the acquisition of the photoelectric sensor and judging whether the artery starts to be perfused according to the characteristics of the perfusion degree signals;
and the first measurement output unit is electrically connected with the perfusion degree signal detection module and used for acquiring the acquisition signal of the pressure sensor according to the judgment result of starting to be perfused and outputting systolic pressure or first systolic pressure.
Preferably, the apparatus further comprises:
the pulse signal detection module is used for extracting waveform characteristics from the acquisition of the photoelectric sensor and judging whether a pulse signal appears according to the waveform characteristics;
the second measurement output unit is electrically connected with the pulse signal detection module and used for acquiring the acquisition signal of the pressure sensor according to the judgment result of the occurrence of the pulse signal and outputting a second systolic pressure;
and the two input ends of the comparison unit are respectively connected with the output end of the first measurement output unit and the output end of the second measurement output unit, and are used for comparing all the input values and taking the maximum value as the systolic pressure.
Preferably, the systolic blood pressure measuring device further includes: and the output end of the oscillometric measurement module is connected with the third input end of the comparison unit and is used for obtaining third systolic pressure according to the oscillometric measurement and outputting the third systolic pressure to the comparison unit.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the anti-interference capability during the measurement of the systolic pressure is enhanced. Because the characteristic parameters for judging the occurrence of the systolic pressure are not extracted from the cuff pressure signal, the interference caused by cuff vibration, the interference caused by arm vibration and the like in an oscillometric method are avoided, so that the device has stronger anti-interference capability, and the accuracy of systolic pressure measurement is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a functional structure diagram of a conventional electronic sphygmomanometer;
FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of the systolic blood pressure measurement device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of the host computer of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a method of operation of the systolic blood pressure measurement device;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating a process of controlling a host measurement in the apparatus of FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating an embodiment of a host measurement control process in the apparatus of FIG. 2;
FIG. 7 is a flow diagram illustrating an embodiment of a host measurement control process in the apparatus of FIG. 2;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the determination of systolic blood pressure from changes in pulse wave in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of systolic blood pressure determination by variation of AC/DC values in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a host measurement control process in the apparatus of FIG. 1;
fig. 11 is a functional module framework diagram of a host according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein the reference numbers: 1-a host, 2-a pressure sensor, 3-a pressurizing cuff, 4-a photoelectric sensor, 11-a comparison unit, 12-a first measurement output unit, 13-a second measurement output unit and 14-a perfusion degree signal detection module; 15-pulse signal detection module; 16-a detection unit; 141-a filter component; 142-ratio calculation component; 143 judging the component; 151-a reference assembly; 152 a waveform extraction component; 153-waveform discrimination element.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
First, the systolic blood pressure measurement basis of the present invention is explained:
when the auscultatory method is used for measuring the blood pressure, the cuff is fixed at the pulse position of the upper arm brachial artery, the cuff is inflated until the blood vessel below the cuff is completely deflated, and then the cuff is gradually deflated; as the cuff pressure decreases, the blood re-washes away the deflated blood vessel, producing the same rhythmic tone as the cardiac beat, known as the korotkoff tone. When the stethoscope hears the first Korotkoff sound, the corresponding pressure value is recorded as the systolic pressure, and the pressure value corresponding to the disappearance moment of the Korotkoff sound is recorded as the diastolic pressure. The method is to verify the clinical standard of all noninvasive sphygmomanometers (including oscillometric electronic sphygmomanometers). The invention builds a corresponding mathematical model based on the basis and avoids the defect of large human error of the auscultation method.
Second, explanation of the systolic blood pressure measuring apparatus of the present invention:
as shown in fig. 1-3, in the first embodiment, the systolic blood pressure measuring device of the invention adds a photoelectric sensor 4 electrically connected with a host 1 on the basis of a traditional electronic sphygmomanometer, and comprises the host 1 and a pressure sensor 2, the photoelectric sensor 4 and a pressurizing cuff 3 electrically connected with the host 1. The photoelectric sensor 4 is also called a photoelectric probe.
As shown in fig. 2, an embodiment of the main machine 1 is specifically shown in fig. 3, and includes a comparing unit 11 for outputting systolic pressure, one input end of the comparing unit 11 is electrically connected to a first measuring and outputting unit 12 and a perfusion level signal detecting module 14 in sequence, and the other input end of the comparing unit 11 is electrically connected to a second measuring and outputting unit 13 and a pulse signal detecting module 15 in sequence, where:
and the photoelectric sensor 4 is used for acquiring photoelectric signals when the artery is perfused again. In a preferred embodiment, it is fixed in the downstream part of the artery on the same side as the pressurizing cuff 3, so that the corresponding photoelectric signal can be acquired more accurately.
The host 1 further comprises a detection unit 16 for extracting the characteristic signal and determining whether the characteristic signal contains a specific parameter that continuously increases or decreases for a predetermined time, and if so, extracting the characteristic signal.
The detection unit 16 is provided with a perfusion degree signal detection module 14, which is used for extracting a perfusion degree signal from the collection of the photoelectric sensor 4 and then judging whether to start to be perfused according to the characteristics of the perfusion degree signal.
As shown in fig. 3, the perfusion-level signal detecting module 14 further includes: a filtering component 141, a ratio calculation component 142 and a decision component 143.
The filtering component 141 is configured to perform band-pass filtering on the photoelectric signal, and remove a direct current component and a high frequency component in the photoelectric signal to obtain an alternating current component;
the filtering component 141 is further configured to perform low-pass filtering on the optoelectronic signal, and remove high-frequency components included in the optoelectronic signal to obtain a direct-current component;
the ratio calculation module 142 is connected to the ac output terminal and the dc output terminal of the filtering module 141, respectively, and is configured to calculate a perfusion degree signal, i.e., a ratio R between the ac component and the dc component.
The judging component 143 is connected to the ratio calculating component 142, and is configured to judge that the perfusion signal is not 0 value, and enter the next judgment;
the determination component 143 is further configured to determine whether the perfusion signal is continuously increasing, and if the signal is a single signal that is not continuously increasing, the signal may be in a form that does not coincide with the situation when the artery is being re-perfused, and may be an interference signal. If so, the perfusion signal is considered to be valid, and the corresponding start time of the perfusion signal is taken as the start time point of the arterial perfusion.
As shown in fig. 3, the detecting unit 16 is further provided with a pulse signal detecting module 15, configured to extract a waveform feature from the photoelectric signal collected by the photoelectric sensor 4, and determine whether a pulse signal appears according to the waveform feature, so as to determine whether an artery starts to be perfused.
The pulse signal detection module 15 includes: a base reference module 151, a waveform extraction module 152, and a waveform discrimination module 153;
the reference component 151 is used for detecting and updating the amplitude value and the pulse rate value of the pulse signal of the detected person before the cuff 3 is not activated, i.e. before the systolic blood pressure measurement is started, and in turn is used as a reference for judging whether the pulse signal appears in the systolic blood pressure measurement.
The waveform extraction component 152 is used for performing band-pass filtering on the photoelectric signal, removing a direct current component and high-frequency interference in the photoelectric signal, and obtaining an alternating current component capable of reflecting the periodic variation of blood flow.
The waveform determining component 153 is configured to determine whether a waveform appears continuously in the alternating current component (waveform feature) by using the amplitude value as an amplitude reference, and if so, determine whether the waveform is a pulse signal according to whether a difference between an interval between the continuously appearing waveforms and a pulse rate value is within a set range.
The waveform judging component 153 is further configured to judge whether the waveform amplitude of the pulse signal is continuously increased according to the waveform; if not, it may be an invalid waveform feature. If yes, the waveform feature is a pulse signal, and the starting position of the pulse signal is taken as the starting time point of the blood flow perfusion artery.
It should be noted that, the filtering component 141, the ratio calculating component 142, the judging component 143, the reference component 151, the waveform extracting component 152, and the waveform discriminating component 153; in different embodiments, the implementation may be realized by a separate functional circuit, or may be realized by the corresponding program control host 1.
The host 1 further includes:
and the first measurement output unit 12 is electrically connected with the perfusion degree signal detection module 14 and is used for acquiring the acquisition signal of the pressure sensor 2 according to the judgment result of starting to be perfused and outputting the systolic pressure or the first systolic pressure.
The second measurement output unit 13 is electrically connected with the pulse signal detection module 15 and is used for acquiring the acquisition signal of the pressure sensor 2 according to the judgment result of the occurrence of the pulse signal and outputting a second systolic pressure;
and two input ends of the comparison unit 11 are respectively connected with the output end of the first measurement output unit 12 and the output end of the second measurement output unit 13, and are used for comparing all the input values, and taking the maximum value of the input values as the systolic pressure.
Still further, the apparatus further comprises: and the output of the oscillometric measuring module is connected with the third input end of the comparing unit 11, and the oscillometric measuring module is used for obtaining a third systolic pressure according to the oscillometric measurement and outputting the third systolic pressure to the comparing unit 11.
The systolic pressure measuring device directly uses the photoelectric sensor 4 connected with the original monitoring equipment to assist in measuring systolic pressure, does not need to add extra accessories, circuits, modules and the like except the photoelectric sensor 4, and is simple to implement and low in cost.
As shown in fig. 1-2 and fig. 11, as another embodiment, a systolic blood pressure measuring device includes a main machine 1, a pressurizing cuff 3 electrically connected with the main machine, and a pressure sensor 2 on the pressurizing cuff 3, wherein a photoelectric sensor 4 is used for being fixed at the downstream part of an artery on the same side as the pressurizing cuff 3; the host 1 is also electrically connected with the photoelectric sensor 4, and the device further comprises:
the perfusion degree signal detection module 14 is used for extracting perfusion degree signals from the acquisition of the photoelectric sensor 4 and judging whether the artery starts to be perfused according to the characteristics of the perfusion degree signals;
and the first measurement output unit 12 is electrically connected with the perfusion degree signal detection module 14 and is used for acquiring the acquisition signal of the pressure sensor 2 according to the judgment result of starting to be perfused and outputting the systolic pressure or the first systolic pressure.
In this embodiment, the apparatus further comprises:
the pulse signal detection module 15 is used for extracting waveform characteristics from the acquisition of the photoelectric sensor 4 and judging whether a pulse signal appears according to the waveform characteristics;
the second measurement output unit 13 is electrically connected with the pulse signal detection module 15 and is used for acquiring the acquisition signal of the pressure sensor 2 according to the judgment result of the occurrence of the pulse signal and outputting a second systolic pressure;
and two input ends of the comparison unit 11 are respectively connected with the output end of the first measurement output unit 12 and the output end of the second measurement output unit 13, and are used for comparing all the input values, and taking the maximum value of the input values as the systolic pressure.
In this embodiment, the systolic blood pressure measurement device further includes: and the output end of the oscillometric measuring module is connected with the third input end of the comparing unit 11, and the oscillometric measuring module is used for obtaining a third systolic pressure according to the oscillometric measurement and outputting the third systolic pressure to the comparing unit 11. The process and the state of arterial perfusion are judged by collecting various different characteristic parameters, and the host 1 can more accurately judge the starting time point of arterial perfusion so as to obtain the most accurate systolic pressure.
Thirdly, to explain the working principle of the systolic blood pressure measuring device in more detail, the systolic blood pressure measuring method adopted by the device will now be explained:
preferably, the extracting the feature signal further includes determining whether the feature type includes a specific parameter that continuously increases or decreases within a predetermined time, and if so, extracting the feature signal.
Preferably, the photoelectric sensor 4 is fixed to the downstream portion of the artery on the same side as the compression cuff 3.
Still further, the signature signal includes, but is not limited to, removing ac and/or dc components of the high frequency interference, including, but not limited to, the following algorithms:
when the characteristic signal is a perfusion degree signal, the perfusion degree signal is set as a ratio of an alternating current component and a direct current component in the photoelectric signal. This ratio can directly reflect the pressure on the artery when the cuff is deflated for depressurization, and when blood is re-infused into the artery, i.e., the systolic pressure.
The determining of the starting time point further comprises the steps of:
band-pass filtering: performing band-pass filtering on the latest photoelectric signal to remove direct-current components and high-frequency components in the photoelectric signal to obtain alternating-current components;
performing low-pass filtering processing on the latest photoelectric signal to remove high-frequency components contained in the photoelectric signal to obtain a direct-current component;
calculating the ratio of the alternating current component to the direct current component;
if the perfusion degree signal is judged not to be 0 value, entering the next judgment, and returning to the step of band-pass filtering if perfusion degree information needs to be extracted repeatedly;
and judging whether the ratio of the current perfusion signal to the previous ratio starts to be continuously increased or not, if so, searching a starting point of the continuously increased ratio, wherein the time corresponding to the starting point is the starting time point.
When the characteristic signal is a pulse signal, the pulse signal is a waveform characteristic of an alternating current component in the photoelectric signal. The judging comprises judging whether the pulse signal appears according to the waveform of the pulse wave in the pulse signal and taking the appearance position of the first pulse signal as a starting time point. The prototype of the algorithm is consistent with the auscultatory method, and the pressure acquired by the pressure sensor 2 when pulse occurs is the systolic pressure.
Before the cuff is inflated to press the artery, the method detects and updates the amplitude value and the pulse rate value of the normal pulse wave of the detected person through the reference component 151.
The determining of the starting time point further comprises the steps of:
band-pass filtering: performing band-pass filtering on the latest photoelectric signal to remove direct-current components and high-frequency interference in the photoelectric signal and obtain a pulse signal capable of reflecting the change of the blood flow period;
judging whether a waveform appears continuously in the pulse signal by taking the amplitude value as amplitude reference, if so, entering the next step, otherwise, returning to the step of band-pass filtering;
and judging whether the waveform is a pulse wave according to whether the difference between the interval between the continuously appeared waveforms and the pulse rate value is in a set range, if so, searching the peak position of the first pulse wave in the appeared continuous pulse waves, and if not, returning to the step of band-pass filtering.
The amplitude reference means that when the amplitude of the pulse signal exceeds the specified proportion of the amplitude value, the waveform in the pulse signal is judged to continuously appear, otherwise, the waveform is judged not to continuously appear; the specified ratio is one of 10% to 30%, preferably 20%.
The set range is preferably-50% to 50% of the pulse rate value.
In addition, the invention also comprises the following steps on the basis of the above independent algorithms and the oscillometric algorithm of the existing electronic sphygmomanometer:
comprehensive algorithm
The method obtains more than two starting time points according to various algorithms, and further comprises the following steps: and comparing the current pressures corresponding to more than two starting time points, and taking the maximum value of the pressure values as the systolic pressure. This avoids inter alia correctness problems due to differences between individuals, such as: due to the difference between individuals, the time relationship between the process of the photoplethysmography from absence to existence and the process of the blood vessel perfusion degree increasing from the vicinity of 0 value is not fixed (most individuals simultaneously have the two phenomena when the cuff pressure decreases to the vicinity of the systolic pressure, but some individuals firstly have the process of the blood vessel perfusion degree rapidly increasing from the minimum value, and then have the process of the photoplethysmography from absence to existence, or have the opposite sequence), namely the relationship between the first systolic pressure sys1 and the second systolic pressure sys2 is not fixed, so the systolic pressure can be determined according to the principle of the auscultatory method (the systolic pressure is determined by judging the process of the korotkoff sound from absence to existence), and the larger one of sys1 and sys2 is taken as the final systolic pressure.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 5, the working method of the systolic pressure measuring device of the present invention is specifically controlled and executed by the host 1 in the systolic pressure measuring device of the present invention, and is implemented by a control program, and specifically includes the following steps:
step 101, measuring a pressure signal and a photoelectric signal reflecting blood flow changes through a cuff fixed on the same side (arm) and a photoelectric sensor 4 respectively;
the cuff is bound to the position of brachial artery of the subject (but not limited to the position), and is connected with the air pressure sensor; the photoelectric sensor 4 is fixed at the position of the downstream part of the artery on the same side with the cuff, such as the position of a finger, and is connected with the host 1 to record photoelectric signals.
The host 1 controls the cuff to be inflated to a specified value, controls the air pressure in the cuff to be reduced until the measurement is finished, and records the cuff pressure signal in the process; at the same time, the photoelectric sensor 4 records the change information of the blood flow in the blood vessel below the photoelectric sensor, i.e. the photoelectric signal reflecting the change of the blood flow.
In the host 1, the collected cuff pressure signal and the photoelectric signal are amplified, filtered and preprocessed by analog-to-digital conversion. The cuff pressure signal is low-pass filtered to remove the alternating current component (mainly referring to the pulse signal) contained in the cuff pressure signal, so as to obtain a clean cuff pressure signal.
Step 102, determining a time point when blood flow through the blood vessel starts again after the blood vessel is blocked by the cuff according to the photoelectric signal;
the invention determines the systolic pressure by analyzing the blood flow change of the artery on the ipsilateral side of the cuff in the measurement process. In the blood vessel at the downstream of the cuff compression area, the blood flow rate changes with the change of the cuff pressure, and the photoelectric signal recorded at the downstream of the compression area by the photoelectric sensor 4 can just reflect the change of the blood flow rate.
And 103, obtaining the cuff pressure value corresponding to the time point, and taking the cuff pressure value as the systolic pressure.
The step 102 includes, but is not limited to, the following three specific implementations:
scattered detection pulse signal algorithm
In the step 102, irregular pulse waves appear in the pulse signal when the cuff pressure is greater than the systolic pressure, and regular pulse waves begin to appear in the pulse signal when the cuff pressure is equal to or slightly less than the systolic pressure, which is schematically shown in fig. 8; according to this feature, the systolic pressure is determined by the change of the pulse signal in the photoelectric signal.
Referring to fig. 6, in a first embodiment of the method for measuring a systolic pressure device according to the present invention, a processing method for determining a systolic pressure according to a change of a pulse signal in an optoelectronic signal is specifically controlled and executed by the host 1 in the systolic pressure measuring device of the present invention, and is implemented by a corresponding control program, which specifically includes the following steps:
step 201, performing band-pass filtering on the latest photoelectric signal, and removing Direct Current (DC) component and high-frequency interference in the photoelectric signal to obtain a pulse signal capable of reflecting the blood flow change condition;
step 202, before the cuff is deflated, the amplitude refMag and the pulse rate refPr of the photoelectric pulse wave are detected and updated and are used as an amplitude reference and a pulse rate reference for judging the reappearance of the pulse wave;
step 203, entering a cuff deflation stage, starting from the moment that the cuff pressure is reduced from the specified value, taking refMag as amplitude reference, judging whether a waveform continuously appears in the photoelectric signal, if so, performing step 204, otherwise, performing step 201;
step 204, with refPr as a pulse rate reference, judging whether the continuously appearing waveforms are pulse waves, if the intervals between the waveforms are basically consistent with refPr, regarding the waveforms as pulse waves, and performing step 205, otherwise, regarding the waveforms as pulse waves, and returning to perform step 201;
step 205, searching the peak position of the first pulse wave in the appeared continuous pulse waves, and taking the cuff pressure value corresponding to the peak position as the systolic pressure.
The measurement principle of the pulse signal detection algorithm adopted by the systolic pressure monitoring device is consistent with that of an auscultation method (the systolic pressure is determined by judging the process of existence of the Korotkoff sounds), so that the systolic pressure determined by the method is very close to an auscultation value, and the accuracy of systolic pressure measurement is improved.
Algorithm for detecting blood flow signals by waste rocks
In step 102, when the cuff pressure is greater than the systolic pressure, the brachial artery is deflated, the blood flow is blocked, and the arterial blood vessel at the downstream part of the cuff is blocked, and the perfusion degree of the blood vessel is very weak (far lower than the normal value before blocking and close to zero); when the cuff pressure is equal to or slightly less than the systolic pressure, blood begins to flow through the compression zone, at which point the arterial vessel perfusion in the downstream portion of the cuff gradually increases (returning from a value originally close to zero to a normal value, its rise changes faster, and depending on the cuff deflation rate). According to this feature, a parameter reflecting the perfusion of the arterial blood vessel in the downstream portion of the cuff is calculated by means of an electro-optical signal, this parameter being a perfusion signal (AC/DC), the characteristic of which is schematically shown in fig. 9, the leftmost curve when the cuff pressure during inflation does not exceed the systolic pressure, the middle depression near "0" is the curve when the cuff pressure during inflation exceeds the systolic pressure and when the cuff pressure during deflation exceeds the systolic pressure, and the rightmost curve when the cuff pressure during deflation is less than the systolic pressure, and the systolic pressure can be determined on the basis of the change in the perfusion signal (AC/DC) value.
The AC is an alternating current component obtained by removing a direct current component and a high frequency component from the photoelectric signal. DC is a high-frequency component contained in the photoelectric signal to be removed to obtain a DC component
Referring to fig. 7, in a second embodiment of the method for measuring a systolic pressure device according to the present invention, a processing method for calculating an AC/DC value in a time-sharing manner through a photoelectric signal and determining a systolic pressure sys2 according to a variation of the AC/DC value is specifically controlled and executed by the host 1 in the systolic pressure measuring device of the present invention, and is implemented by a corresponding control program, which specifically includes the following steps:
step 301, performing band-pass filtering on the latest photoelectric signal to remove direct-current components and high-frequency components in the photoelectric signal to obtain an alternating-current component AC;
step 302, performing low-pass filtering processing on the latest photoelectric signal to remove high-frequency components contained in the photoelectric signal to obtain a direct-current component DC;
step 303, calculating a ratio r ═ AC/DC;
step 304, if the previous r value has been around the 0 value for a period of time, proceed to step 305, otherwise proceed to step 301;
in step 306, a starting point of the continuously increasing ratio r is searched, and the cuff pressure value corresponding to the starting point can be used as the systolic pressure.
The other pulse signal detection algorithm adopted by the systolic pressure monitoring device is basically consistent with an auscultation method (the systolic pressure is determined by judging the existence of the Korotkoff sounds), so that the systolic pressure determined by the method is very close to an auscultation value, and the accuracy of systolic pressure measurement is improved.
First comprehensive algorithm
When a plurality of time points are obtained in the step 102 by a plurality of methods (which may include the oscillometric method of the prior art), the step 103 compares the blood pressures corresponding to the plurality of time points to obtain a maximum value, and outputs the maximum value as a measured value of the systolic pressure. Such as:
the third embodiment of the working method for measuring the systolic pressure device according to the present invention adds a step of obtaining a maximum value by comparing the blood pressure finally on the basis of the parallel first embodiment and the second embodiment, and outputting the maximum value as the measured value of the systolic pressure. It comprises two processes: on one hand, the possible systolic pressure 1 is determined by judging the process of photoelectric pulse waves from absence to presence by analyzing pulse wave signals capable of reflecting the change of blood volume (sys 1); on the other hand, the ratio of the alternating current component AC to the direct current component DC in the photoelectric signal, which is a parameter directly reflecting the vascular perfusion condition, is calculated from the photoelectric signal, and the possible systolic pressure 2 is determined by judging the process that the vascular perfusion degree is rapidly increased from a minimum value (sys 2). Due to the difference between individuals, the time relationship between the process of the photoplethysmography from the absence to the presence and the process of the blood vessel perfusion degree increasing from the vicinity of 0 value is not fixed (most individuals simultaneously have the two phenomena when the cuff pressure decreases to the vicinity of the systolic pressure, but some individuals firstly have the process of the blood vessel perfusion degree rapidly increasing from the minimum value, and then have the process of the photoplethysmography from the absence to the presence, or have the opposite sequence), namely the relationship between sys1 and sys2 is not fixed, so the principle of determining the systolic pressure in the auditory method (determining the systolic pressure by judging the process of the korotkoff sounds from the absence) can be used, and the larger one of sys1 and sys2 is used as the final systolic pressure.
Referring to fig. 10, a third embodiment of the method for measuring a systolic pressure device according to the present invention, wherein a processing method of comparing and determining through two methods is specifically controlled and executed by the host 1 in the systolic pressure measuring device according to the present invention, and is implemented through a corresponding control program, specifically includes the following steps:
step 402, fixing a photoelectric probe (namely, a photoelectric sensor 4) at the downstream of the same side of the cuff and connecting the photoelectric probe to a host 1;
step 403, the host 1 controls deflation after inflating the cuff to a specified value, and records the pressure change of the cuff; the following two branches are entered simultaneously:
bulk current pressure detection branch
Step 405, preprocessing the cuff pressure signal;
gangue time point measuring branch
step 407, preprocessing the photoelectric signal, and entering steps 408 and 409;
step 408, determining a first systolic pressure or a corresponding time point through the change of the photoelectric pulse wave, and entering step 410;
step 409, determining a second systolic pressure or a corresponding time point through the ratio change of the AC/DC, and entering step 410;
step 410, determining the systolic blood pressure: the maximum is selected as the systolic pressure.
The systolic pressure measuring device provided by the invention has the advantages that the photoelectric sensor is adopted to acquire the photoelectric information of the artery when the pressurizing cuff is relaxed and the perfusion is performed again, and the starting time of the systolic pressure is obtained according to the information, so that the problem that the pressure value is easy to deviate due to vibration or arm vibration interference and individual difference when the pressure sensor value is directly read is avoided, and the measurement of the systolic pressure is more accurate.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred examples of the present invention, and not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art can easily make various changes and modifications according to the main concept and spirit of the present invention, so that the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A systolic blood pressure measurement device comprising: the device comprises a host, a pressurizing cuff electrically connected with the host and a pressure sensor arranged on the pressurizing cuff, and is characterized in that the host is also electrically connected with a photoelectric sensor;
the photoelectric sensor collects photoelectric signals;
the host computer extracts a characteristic signal from the photoelectric signal to judge the starting time point of the blood flow perfusion artery; the characteristic signal is a perfusion degree signal which is set as the ratio of an alternating current component to a direct current component in the photoelectric signal;
and the pressure sensor selects the pressure corresponding to the starting time point as the systolic pressure.
2. The systolic blood pressure measurement device of claim 1, wherein the host further comprises a detection unit for extracting the characteristic signal and determining whether the characteristic signal contains a specific parameter that continuously increases or decreases for a predetermined time, and if so, extracting the characteristic signal.
3. The systolic blood pressure measurement device of claim 2, where the detection unit further comprises: and the perfusion degree signal detection module is used for extracting the perfusion degree signal from the photoelectric signal acquired by the photoelectric sensor and judging whether the artery starts to be perfused according to the characteristics of the perfusion degree signal.
4. The systolic pressure measurement device of claim 3, wherein the perfusion level signal detection module further comprises: the device comprises a filtering component, a ratio calculation component and a judgment component;
the filtering component is used for carrying out band-pass filtering on the photoelectric signal and removing a direct current component and a high-frequency component in the photoelectric signal to obtain an alternating current component;
the filtering component is also used for carrying out low-pass filtering on the photoelectric signal to remove high-frequency components contained in the photoelectric signal so as to obtain the direct-current component;
the ratio calculation component is connected with the alternating current output end and the direct current output end of the filtering component respectively and used for calculating the perfusion degree signal;
the judging component is connected with the ratio calculating component and is used for judging whether the perfusion degree signal is not 0 value or not and entering the next judgment;
the judging component is further configured to judge whether the perfusion degree signal is continuously increased, and if so, the corresponding time of the perfusion degree signal is the starting time point.
5. The systolic pressure measurement device of claim 2, where the characteristic signal is a pulse signal set as a waveform characteristic of an alternating current component in the photoelectric signal; the detection unit further comprises a pulse signal detection module which is used for extracting the pulse signal from the photoelectric signal acquired by the photoelectric sensor, judging whether the artery starts to be perfused according to whether the amplitude of the waveform in the pulse signal is continuously increased or not, and taking the starting position of the waveform as the starting time point.
6. The systolic blood pressure measurement device of claim 5, where the pulse signal detection module comprises: the device comprises a reference component, a waveform extraction component and a waveform discrimination component;
the reference component is used for detecting and updating the amplitude value and the pulse rate value of the pulse signal of the detected person before the pressurizing cuff is started;
the waveform extraction component is used for carrying out band-pass filtering on the photoelectric signal, removing direct-current components and high-frequency interference in the photoelectric signal and obtaining the alternating-current components capable of reflecting the change of the blood flow period;
the waveform judging component is used for judging whether a waveform continuously appears in the alternating current component by taking the amplitude value as amplitude reference, and judging whether the waveform is the pulse signal or not according to whether the difference between the interval between the continuously appearing waveforms and the pulse rate value is in a set range or not if the waveform continuously appears in the alternating current component is continuously appeared in the amplitude reference;
the waveform judging component is further used for judging whether the waveform amplitude of the pulse signal is continuously increased or not according to the waveform, and if so, taking the starting position of the pulse signal as the starting time point of the blood flow perfusion artery.
7. The systolic pressure measurement device of any one of claims 1-6, where the host further comprises:
and the comparison unit is used for comparing the pressure values acquired by the pressure sensors corresponding to more than two starting time points, and taking the maximum value as the systolic pressure.
8. A systolic pressure measuring device comprises a host machine, a pressurizing cuff and a pressure sensor on the pressurizing cuff, wherein the host machine is electrically connected with a photoelectric sensor, the photoelectric sensor is used for collecting photoelectric signals, and the photoelectric sensor is used for being fixed at the downstream part of an artery on the same side with the pressurizing cuff; the host computer extracts a characteristic signal from the photoelectric signal to judge the starting time point of the blood flow perfusion artery; the device also includes:
the perfusion degree signal detection module is used for extracting perfusion degree signals from the acquisition of the photoelectric sensor and judging whether the artery starts to be perfused according to the characteristics of the perfusion degree signals; the characteristic signal is a perfusion degree signal which is set as the ratio of an alternating current component to a direct current component in the photoelectric signal; and the first measurement output unit is electrically connected with the perfusion degree signal detection module and used for acquiring the acquisition signal of the pressure sensor according to the judgment result of starting to be perfused and outputting systolic pressure or first systolic pressure.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, further comprising:
the pulse signal detection module is used for extracting waveform characteristics from the acquisition of the photoelectric sensor and judging whether a pulse signal appears according to the waveform characteristics;
the second measurement output unit is electrically connected with the pulse signal detection module and used for acquiring the acquisition signal of the pressure sensor according to the judgment result of the occurrence of the pulse signal and outputting a second systolic pressure;
and the two input ends of the comparison unit are respectively connected with the output end of the first measurement output unit and the output end of the second measurement output unit, and are used for comparing all the input values and taking the maximum value as the systolic pressure.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising: and the output end of the oscillometric measurement module is connected with the third input end of the comparison unit and is used for obtaining third systolic pressure according to the oscillometric measurement and outputting the third systolic pressure to the comparison unit.
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