CN107750872A - 一种水稻种植方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于水稻种植技术领域,具体公开了一种水稻种植方法。该方法包括选田、选种、秧苗培育、大田管理和病虫害防治五个步骤,选田步骤中采用混有杀菌剂的水对稻田进行浸泡,且二次深耕;秧苗培育步骤采用超声和浸泡剂对种子进行处理,提高种子发芽率。通过对选田浸泡、种子处理、大田水肥管理等环节进行科学合理的把控,大大提供了水稻的出苗率和移栽成活率,种植的水稻抗病性好,生长旺盛,水稻成穗率高,穗大粒多,稻谷产量高,每亩可达到700~800kg,较常规种植方法提升水稻产量30~35%,具有良好的经济效益,适于推广使用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于水稻种植技术领域,具体涉及一种水稻种植方法。
背景技术
水稻是我国栽培历史悠久的主要粮食作物之一。稻米营养价值高,适口性好,容易消化,不仅是我国的主要食量,世界上近一半人口以稻米为主食。稻谷副产品用途广泛,除可食用外,还可以酿酒、制糖作工业原料,稻壳、稻秆,可以作为饲料。因此,发展水稻生产,提高稻谷产量和品质,对我国国民经济的发展具有十分重要的意义。
但是,现有水稻种植过程中,经常会出现以下多个影响水稻的产量和品质的问题,如种子预处理不到位,导致秧苗产率不高,或者秧苗在移栽时受到损伤,或者种植期间施肥量太多或太少,影响水稻长势,以及病虫害等多方面影响,均会对水稻的产量和品质产生影响。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种水稻种植方法,该方法通过对选田、选种、秧苗培育、大田管理和病虫害防治五个方面进行严格把控,种植得到的水稻产量高、品质好。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案是:所述水稻种植方法包括以下步骤:
(1)选田:选择灌排方便的稻田,对稻田进行25~30cm深耕,然后放水泡田,水深15cm,泡田时投入杀菌剂,泡田的时间为7~9天,泡田至表层0~25cm土壤容重不超过0.8g/cm3;泡田完成后,排水,待稻田半干时,进行20~25cm精耕细整,要求土壤细碎松软,田面平整;
(2)选种:选用适宜种植,抗病虫、抗倒、分蘖强、穗大、结实率高的优质、高产品种种子;
(3)秧苗培育:将种子在太阳光下晾晒1~2天,用去离子水常温浸泡10~12h,再用6~10wt%的双氧水浸泡15~30min,去离子水洗净,超声5~10min,摊晾2~3h后,将种子放入浸种剂中浸泡5~6h,去离子水冲洗干净后置于25℃的恒温箱中催芽,当90%以上的种子出芽后,即可播种;
将上述出芽的种子播种到育苗盘中育苗,出苗后浅水勤灌,在秧苗一叶一心期,喷施浓度15%的多效唑,喷洒量为50~60g/亩;育苗28天后,准备移栽,移栽前3~5天施有机肥,移栽时带肥下大田;
(4)大田管理:移栽前2~3天在大田内施好基肥,所述基肥以有机肥为主;
移栽密度:每窝栽带叶苗1~2苗,双行条栽:大行0.9~1.0尺,小行0.45~0.5尺,窝距0.45~0.5尺;
移栽期浅水浅栽,分蘖期浅湿交替,抽穗后22天内浅湿交替,22天以后保持湿润即可,收获前一周内断水;
移栽后5~7天进行一次追加复合肥,每亩复合肥包括:尿素5~8kg、过磷酸钙20~30kg、钙镁磷肥9~15kg、硫酸钾3~5kg、硫酸亚铁3~5kg;第二次追肥在四叶期,每亩肥料组分包括:复合肥、分蘖肥、促花肥和保花肥按照3:3:1:1比例施用;孕穗期和成熟期喷施0.4%磷酸二氢钾水溶液2次;禁止使用硝态氮肥,收获前30天停止施肥;
(5)病虫害防治:
物理防治:每隔10~13亩田安装一盏30W黑光诱杀螟虫和稻纵卷叶螟成虫;
生物防治:移栽15d至孕穗期,向稻田中放养小鸭,亩用小鸭10只左右,水稻进入开花期将鸭子收回;
病害防治:①纹枯病:亩用5%井岗霉素水剂500mL喷雾;②白叶枯病用叶枯宁或铜高尚防治;③穗期病害用好力克或稻后安防治。
其中,上述水稻种植方法,步骤(1)中所述杀菌剂的浓度为35~45g/L。
其中,上述水稻种植方法,步骤(1)中所述杀菌剂为多菌灵与咪鲜胺按其EC50值以体积比5~7∶3~5混合构成。
其中,上述水稻种植方法,步骤(3)中所述浸种剂包括以下重量份数的组分:聚天门冬氨酸20~40份、赤霉素40~50份、解草啶6~10份、萘乙酸4~6份、硼砂1~4份,柠檬酸3~5份、生根粉3~5份、姜黄素1~3份、复硝酚钠1~2份、去离子水30~40份。
其中,上述水稻种植方法,步骤(3)中所述超声的频率为30KHz,超声功率为300W。
其中,上述烟后稻高产栽培技术,步骤(3)和步骤(4)中所述有机肥包括以下重量份数的组分:秸秆25~35份、大豆粉25~35份、牛粪25~35份、鸡粪15~20份、腐植酸2~4份。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:本发明方法包括选田、选种、秧苗培育、大田管理和病虫害防治五个步骤,通过对选田浸泡、种子处理、大田水肥管理等环节进行科学合理的把控,大大提供了水稻的出苗率和移栽成活率,种植的水稻抗病性好,生长旺盛,水稻成穗率高,穗大粒多,稻谷产量高,每亩可达到700~800kg,较常规种植方法提升水稻产量30~35%,具有良好的经济效益,适于推广使用。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种水稻种植方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
(1)选田:选择灌排方便的稻田,对稻田进行25~30cm深耕,然后放水泡田,水深15cm,泡田时投入杀菌剂,杀菌剂的浓度为35~45g/L,杀菌剂由多菌灵与咪鲜胺按其EC50值以体积比5~7∶3~5混合构成;泡田的时间为7~9天,泡田至表层0~25cm土壤容重不超过0.8g/cm3;泡田完成后,排水,待稻田半干时,进行20~25cm精耕细整,要求土壤细碎松软,田面平整;
(2)选种:选用适宜种植,抗病虫、抗倒、分蘖强、穗大、结实率高的优质、高产品种种子;
(3)秧苗培育:将种子在太阳光下晾晒1~2天,用去离子水常温浸泡10~12h,再用6~10wt%的双氧水浸泡15~30min,去离子水洗净,超声5~10min,摊晾2~3h后,将种子放入浸种剂中浸泡5~6h,去离子水冲洗干净后置于25℃的恒温箱中催芽,当90%以上的种子出芽后,即可播种;所述浸种剂包括以下重量份数的组分:聚天门冬氨酸20~40份、赤霉素40~50份、解草啶6~10份、萘乙酸4~6份、硼砂1~4份,柠檬酸3~5份、生根粉3~5份、姜黄素1~3份、复硝酚钠1~2份、去离子水30~40份;
将上述出芽的种子播种到育苗盘中育苗,出苗后浅水勤灌,在秧苗一叶一心期,喷施浓度15%的多效唑,喷洒量为50~60g/亩;育苗28天后,准备移栽,移栽前3~5天施有机肥,移栽时带肥下大田;
(4)大田管理:移栽前2~3天在大田内施好基肥,所述基肥以有机肥为主;
移栽密度:每窝栽带叶苗1~2苗,双行条栽:大行0.9~1.0尺,小行0.45~0.5尺,窝距0.45~0.5尺;
移栽期浅水浅栽,分蘖期浅湿交替,抽穗后22天内浅湿交替,22天以后保持湿润即可,收获前一周内断水;
移栽后5~7天进行一次追加复合肥,每亩复合肥包括:尿素5~8kg、过磷酸钙20~30kg、钙镁磷肥9~15kg、硫酸钾3~5kg、硫酸亚铁3~5kg;第二次追肥在四叶期,每亩肥料组分包括:复合肥、分蘖肥、促花肥和保花肥按照3:3:1:1比例施用;孕穗期和成熟期喷施0.4%磷酸二氢钾水溶液2次;禁止使用硝态氮肥,收获前30天停止施肥;
(5)病虫害防治:
物理防治:每隔10~13亩田安装一盏30W黑光诱杀螟虫和稻纵卷叶螟成虫;
生物防治:移栽15d至孕穗期,向稻田中放养小鸭,亩用小鸭10只左右,水稻进入开花期将鸭子收回;
病害防治:①纹枯病:亩用5%井岗霉素水剂500mL喷雾;②白叶枯病用叶枯宁或铜高尚防治;③穗期病害用好力克或稻后安防治。
其中,上述水稻种植方法,步骤(3)中所述超声的频率为30KHz,超声功率为300W。
其中,上述烟后稻高产栽培技术,步骤(3)和步骤(4)中所述有机肥包括以下重量份数的组分:秸秆25~35份、大豆粉25~35份、牛粪25~35份、鸡粪15~20份、腐植酸2~4份。
以下结合具体的实施例对本发明做进一步的解释和说明,但并不因此限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
水稻种植方法包括以下步骤:
(1)选田:选择灌排方便的稻田,对稻田进行30cm深耕,然后放水泡田,水深15cm,泡田时投入杀菌剂,杀菌剂的浓度为45g/L,杀菌剂由多菌灵与咪鲜胺按其EC50值以体积比5∶3混合构成;泡田的时间为8天,泡田至表层0~25cm土壤容重不超过0.8g/cm3;泡田完成后,排水,待稻田半干时,进行25cm精耕细整,要求土壤细碎松软,田面平整;
(2)选种:选用适宜种植,抗病虫、抗倒、分蘖强、穗大、结实率高的优质、高产品种种子;
(3)秧苗培育:将种子在太阳光下晾晒2天,用去离子水常温浸泡10h,再用10wt%的双氧水浸泡20min,去离子水洗净,超声10min(频率30KHz,功率300W),摊晾3h后,将种子放入浸种剂中浸泡5h,去离子水冲洗干净后置于25℃的恒温箱中催芽,当90%以上的种子出芽后,即可播种;所述浸种剂包括以下重量份数的组分:聚天门冬氨酸20份、赤霉素45份、解草啶7份、萘乙酸6份、硼砂2份,柠檬酸4份、生根粉3份、姜黄素2份、复硝酚钠2份、去离子水35份;
将上述出芽的种子播种到育苗盘中育苗,出苗后浅水勤灌,在秧苗一叶一心期,喷施浓度15%的多效唑,喷洒量为50g/亩;育苗28天后,准备移栽,移栽前5天施有机肥,移栽时带肥下大田;
(4)大田管理:移栽前3天在大田内施好基肥,所述基肥以有机肥为主;
移栽密度:每窝栽带叶苗1~2苗,双行条栽:大行0.90尺,小行0.45尺,窝距0.45尺;
移栽期浅水浅栽,分蘖期浅湿交替,抽穗后22天内浅湿交替,22天以后保持湿润即可,收获前一周内断水;
移栽后7天进行一次追加复合肥,每亩复合肥包括:尿素8kg、过磷酸钙30kg、钙镁磷肥15kg、硫酸钾5kg、硫酸亚铁4kg;第二次追肥在四叶期,每亩肥料组分包括:复合肥、分蘖肥、促花肥和保花肥按照3:3:1:1比例施用;孕穗期和成熟期喷施0.4%磷酸二氢钾水溶液2次;禁止使用硝态氮肥,收获前30天停止施肥;
(5)病虫害防治:
物理防治:每隔10亩田安装一盏30W黑光诱杀螟虫和稻纵卷叶螟成虫;
生物防治:移栽15d至孕穗期,向稻田中放养小鸭,亩用小鸭10只左右,水稻进入开花期将鸭子收回;
病害防治:①纹枯病:亩用5%井岗霉素水剂500mL喷雾;②白叶枯病用叶枯宁或铜高尚防治;③穗期病害用好力克或稻后安防治。
步骤(3)和步骤(4)中的有机肥包括以下重量份数的组分:秸秆35份、大豆粉30份、牛粪30份、鸡粪16份、腐植酸3份。
本实施例栽培的水稻每亩产量平均730kg,较常规种植方法提升水稻产量32%,具有良好的经济效益,适于推广使用。
实施例2
水稻种植方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
(1)选田:选择灌排方便的稻田,对稻田进行28cm深耕,然后放水泡田,水深15cm,泡田时投入杀菌剂,杀菌剂的浓度为40g/L,杀菌剂由多菌灵与咪鲜胺按其EC50值以体积比7∶3混合构成;泡田的时间为9天,泡田至表层0~25cm土壤容重不超过0.8g/cm3;泡田完成后,排水,待稻田半干时,进行25cm精耕细整,要求土壤细碎松软,田面平整;
(2)选种:选用适宜种植,抗病虫、抗倒、分蘖强、穗大、结实率高的优质、高产品种种子;
(3)秧苗培育:将种子在太阳光下晾晒1.5天,用去离子水常温浸泡12h,再用8wt%的双氧水浸泡30min,去离子水洗净,超声6min,摊晾3h后,将种子放入浸种剂中浸泡6h,去离子水冲洗干净后置于25℃的恒温箱中催芽,当90%以上的种子出芽后,即可播种;所述浸种剂包括以下重量份数的组分:聚天门冬氨酸35份、赤霉素50份、解草啶8份、萘乙酸6份、硼砂3份,柠檬酸3份、生根粉4份、姜黄素1份、复硝酚钠1份、去离子水40份;
将上述出芽的种子播种到育苗盘中育苗,出苗后浅水勤灌,在秧苗一叶一心期,喷施浓度15%的多效唑,喷洒量为55g/亩;育苗28天后,准备移栽,移栽前4天施有机肥,移栽时带肥下大田;
(4)大田管理:移栽前2天在大田内施好基肥,所述基肥以有机肥为主;
移栽密度:每窝栽带叶苗1~2苗,双行条栽:大行1.0尺,小行0.5尺,窝距0.5尺;
移栽期浅水浅栽,分蘖期浅湿交替,抽穗后22天内浅湿交替,22天以后保持湿润即可,收获前一周内断水;
移栽后5天进行一次追加复合肥,每亩复合肥包括:尿素6kg、过磷酸钙26kg、钙镁磷肥12kg、硫酸钾3kg、硫酸亚铁5kg;第二次追肥在四叶期,每亩肥料组分包括:复合肥、分蘖肥、促花肥和保花肥按照3:3:1:1比例施用;孕穗期和成熟期喷施0.4%磷酸二氢钾水溶液2次;禁止使用硝态氮肥,收获前30天停止施肥;
(5)病虫害防治:
物理防治:每隔12亩田安装一盏30W黑光诱杀螟虫和稻纵卷叶螟成虫;
生物防治:移栽15d至孕穗期,向稻田中放养小鸭,亩用小鸭10只左右,水稻进入开花期将鸭子收回;
病害防治:①纹枯病:亩用5%井岗霉素水剂500mL喷雾;②白叶枯病用叶枯宁或铜高尚防治;③穗期病害用好力克或稻后安防治。
步骤(3)和步骤(4)中的有机肥包括以下重量份数的组分:秸秆30份、大豆粉25份、牛粪25份、鸡粪20份、腐植酸4份。
本实施例栽培的水稻每亩产量平均780kg,较常规种植方法提升水稻产量34%,具有良好的经济效益,适于推广使用。
以上所述为本发明的优选实施例,应当指出,对于本领域的技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明结构的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些也应当视为本发明的保护范围,这些都不会影响本发明实施的效果和本专利的实用性。
Claims (6)
1.一种水稻种植方法,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:
(1)选田:选择灌排方便的稻田,对稻田进行25~30cm深耕,然后放水泡田,水深15cm,泡田时投入杀菌剂,泡田的时间为7~9天,泡田至表层0~25cm土壤容重不超过0.8g/cm3;泡田完成后,排水,待稻田半干时,进行20~25cm精耕细整,要求土壤细碎松软,田面平整;
(2)选种:选用适宜种植,抗病虫、抗倒、分蘖强、穗大、结实率高的优质、高产品种种子;
(3)秧苗培育:将种子在太阳光下晾晒1~2天,用去离子水常温浸泡10~12h,再用6~10wt%的双氧水浸泡15~30min,去离子水洗净,超声5~10min,摊晾2~3h后,将种子放入浸种剂中浸泡5~6h,去离子水冲洗干净后置于25℃的恒温箱中催芽,当90%以上的种子出芽后,即可播种;
将上述出芽的种子播种到育苗盘中育苗,出苗后浅水勤灌,在秧苗一叶一心期,喷施浓度15%的多效唑,喷洒量为50~60g/亩;育苗28天后,准备移栽,移栽前3~5天施有机肥,移栽时带肥下大田;
(4)大田管理:移栽前2~3天在大田内施好基肥,所述基肥以有机肥为主;
移栽密度:每窝栽带叶苗1~2苗,双行条栽:大行0.9~1.0尺,小行0.45~0.5尺,窝距0.45~0.5尺;
移栽期浅水浅栽,分蘖期浅湿交替,抽穗后22天内浅湿交替,22天以后保持湿润即可,收获前一周内断水;
移栽后5~7天进行一次追加复合肥,每亩复合肥包括:尿素5~8kg、过磷酸钙20~30kg、钙镁磷肥9~15kg、硫酸钾3~5kg、硫酸亚铁3~5kg;第二次追肥在四叶期,每亩肥料组分包括:复合肥、分蘖肥、促花肥和保花肥按照3:3:1:1比例施用;孕穗期和成熟期喷施0.4%磷酸二氢钾水溶液2次;禁止使用硝态氮肥,收获前30天停止施肥;
(5)病虫害防治:
物理防治:每隔10~13亩田安装一盏30W黑光诱杀螟虫和稻纵卷叶螟成虫;
生物防治:移栽15d至孕穗期,向稻田中放养小鸭,亩用小鸭10只左右,水稻进入开花期将鸭子收回;
病害防治:①纹枯病:亩用5%井岗霉素水剂500mL喷雾;②白叶枯病用叶枯宁或铜高尚防治;③穗期病害用好力克或稻后安防治。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种水稻种植方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述杀菌剂的浓度为35~45g/L。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种水稻种植方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述杀菌剂为多菌灵与咪鲜胺按其EC50值以体积比5~7∶3~5混合构成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种水稻种植方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中所述浸种剂包括以下重量份数的组分:聚天门冬氨酸20~40份、赤霉素40~50份、解草啶6~10份、萘乙酸4~6份、硼砂1~4份,柠檬酸3~5份、生根粉3~5份、姜黄素1~3份、复硝酚钠1~2份、去离子水30~40份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种水稻种植方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中所述超声的频率为30KHz,超声功率为300W。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种水稻种植方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)和步骤(4)中所述有机肥包括以下重量份数的组分:秸秆25~35份、大豆粉25~35份、牛粪25~35份、鸡粪15~20份、腐植酸2~4份。
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CN112005827A (zh) * | 2020-09-03 | 2020-12-01 | 广东都市菜族农业科技有限公司 | 一种富硒水稻的种植方法 |
CN113575581A (zh) * | 2021-08-03 | 2021-11-02 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | 一种浸种剂及水稻种子催芽方法 |
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