CN107747517A - 一种用于抑制爆震的缸内双直喷系统 - Google Patents

一种用于抑制爆震的缸内双直喷系统 Download PDF

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CN107747517A
CN107747517A CN201711216684.9A CN201711216684A CN107747517A CN 107747517 A CN107747517 A CN 107747517A CN 201711216684 A CN201711216684 A CN 201711216684A CN 107747517 A CN107747517 A CN 107747517A
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卫海桥
康瑞
周磊
冯登全
华剑雄
舒歌群
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Tianjin University
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
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    • F02D19/0652Biofuels, e.g. plant oils
    • F02D19/0655Biofuels, e.g. plant oils at least one fuel being an alcohol, e.g. ethanol
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    • F02D19/0663Details on the fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
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    • F02D19/08Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels
    • F02D19/081Adjusting the fuel composition or mixing ratio; Transitioning from one fuel to the other
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/3011Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion
    • F02D41/3017Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion characterised by the mode(s) being used
    • F02D41/3023Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion characterised by the mode(s) being used a mode being the stratified charge spark-ignited mode
    • F02D41/3029Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion characterised by the mode(s) being used a mode being the stratified charge spark-ignited mode further comprising a homogeneous charge spark-ignited mode
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    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/38Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于抑制爆震的缸内双直喷系统,包括醇类供给系统、汽油供给系统、ECU电控单元和燃烧室,燃烧室由进气道、进气门、火花塞、排气道、排气门、活塞和喷油器组成,喷油器由喷射醇类燃料的醇类喷油器和喷射汽油燃料的汽油喷油器组成,醇类喷油器和汽油喷油器的喷油时刻和喷射脉宽分别由ECU电控单元单独控制,通过调节两种燃料的不同喷射时刻实现不同燃烧模式的转变;调节两种燃料的不同喷射脉宽实现不同的燃烧比例;调节两种燃料的不同喷射压力和喷射间隔实现不同的气流运动和湍流强度。该系统可以通过改变喷油策略实现不同的燃烧模式、燃料特性以及气体运动的耦合,改变喷射时刻可以实现均质、分层和均质+分层燃烧模式的转变。

Description

一种用于抑制爆震的缸内双直喷系统
技术领域
本发明属于汽油机小型强化发动机技术领域,尤其涉及一种用于抑制爆震的缸内双直喷系统。
背景技术
随着能源供需矛盾的日益突出,环境保护的迫切需求,节能环保汽车已经成为未来汽车行业持续健康发展的必然选择;随着高压缩比和高增压的技术提高,爆震又成为限制汽油机进一步提高热效率的主要技术障碍。
全球范围内乙醇使用量逐年增多,其中美国使用最大,中国占有很少一部分比重。但是,近日乙醇汽油的推广进一步走进人们视野。乙醇与汽油相比,乙醇有着诸多优点,例如较高的汽化潜热、较大的辛烷值和更快的火焰传播速度。利用乙醇的热力学和化学方面的优点来增强充气冷却效应和抗爆震能力,从而提高点燃式发动机的压缩比和热效率。这些优点应该被更好的应用到发动机新技术中来提高热效率和抑制爆震。
目前乙醇主要通过与汽油预混合来使用,但是乙醇与汽油在固定比例下预混燃料并不能充分地利用乙醇的优点来改善发动机性能。要在不同工况下达到最优的发动机性能,需要使用不同的混合比例。在现有技术的实际车用中,一般采用缸内直喷乙醇汽油掺混燃料,这种方法对发动机的冷启动和抑制爆震存在矛盾关系,不能充分利用燃料的特性。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服现有技术中的不足,提供一种用于抑制爆震的缸内双直喷系统,该系统可以通过改变喷油策略实现不同的燃烧模式、燃料特性以及气体运动的耦合,改变喷射时刻可以实现均质、分层和均质+分层燃烧模式的转变,改变喷油脉宽可以灵活地利用燃料特性解决冷启动和大负荷爆震的矛盾关系,改变喷射压力及间隔可以实现不同缸内气流运动及湍流强度变化。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种用于抑制爆震的缸内双直喷系统,包括醇类供给系统、汽油供给系统、ECU电控单元和燃烧室,所述燃烧室由进气道、进气门、火花塞、排气道、排气门、活塞和喷油器组成,所述喷油器由喷射醇类燃料的醇类喷油器和喷射汽油燃料的汽油喷油器组成,所述醇类喷油器和汽油喷油器的喷油时刻和喷射脉宽分别由ECU电控单元单独控制,通过调节两种燃料的不同喷射时刻实现不同燃烧模式的转变;通过调节两种燃料的不同喷射脉宽实现不同的燃烧比例;通过调节两种燃料的不同喷射压力和喷射间隔实现不同的气流运动和湍流强度。
进一步的,当醇类燃料和汽油燃料两种燃料的喷射时刻都在进气行程中,且处于0°TDC‐180°TDC范围内时,通过燃烧室内气体流动,两种燃料在燃烧室内形成均质混合气;
当两种燃料的喷射时刻都在压缩行程中,且处于180°TDC‐360°TDC范围内时,通过喷射燃油流动导向,两种燃料在燃烧室内形成分层混合气;
当醇类燃料喷射时刻在进气行程中,且处于0°TDC‐180°TDC范围内时,通过燃烧室内气体流动,醇类燃料在燃烧室内形成均质混合气;当汽油燃料喷射时刻在压缩行程中,且处于180°TDC‐360°TDC范围内时,通过喷射燃油流动导向,汽油燃料在燃烧室内形成分层混合气,形成醇类均质、汽油分层的混合气;
当汽油燃料喷射时刻在进气行程中,且处于0°TDC‐180°TDC范围内,通过燃烧室内气体流动,汽油燃料在燃烧室内形成均质混合气;醇类燃料喷射时刻在压缩行程中,且处于180°TDC‐360°TDC范围内,通过喷射燃油流动导向,醇类燃料在燃烧室内形成分层混合气;形成汽油均质、醇类分层的混合气。
进一步的,在冷启动和负荷在25%以下时采用汽油燃料,保证燃烧的稳定性和燃油经济性;在负荷达到80%以上采用醇类燃料,用于抑制爆震,提高热效率;在负荷为25%‐80%之间时通过ECU电控单元综合判断醇类燃料与汽油燃料的经济性、动力性及排放性,给出醇类和汽油的喷射比例。
与现有技术相比,本发明的技术方案所带来的有益效果是:
1.通过采用不同喷射时刻,容易实现不同燃料的均质、分层及均质+分层的燃烧的模式转变,均质燃烧可以保证高速行驶、加速行驶获得大功率,分层燃烧可以保证在低转速、低负荷时经济性;
2.通过采用不同喷射脉宽,容易实现不同燃料的比例。满足不同工况下发动机的最优性能,可以解决冷启动和大负荷爆震的矛盾问题;
3.通过调节两种燃料的不同喷射压力和喷射间隔的实现不同的气流运动,容易实现不同的燃烧室内湍流强度以及分层形式,抑制大负荷爆震;
4.缸内双直喷系统利用了两种燃料的充气冷却效应,尤其是醇类燃料的高汽化潜热值,降低缸内温度,抑制爆震发生;
5.缸内双直喷两种燃料,燃料在缸内蒸发雾化,降低压缩终点温度,有效的抑制爆震;
6.缸内双直喷系统形成的不同燃料的分层混合气可以切断爆震波的传播途径;
7.醇类燃料例如乙醇层流火焰速度快,可以加快燃料燃烧速度,有效防止末端气体自燃,抑制爆震的发生;同时本发明系统只需要原有高压缩比、增压发动机上加装一套缸内直喷系统,对现有发动机改动小,技术升级方便,产业化前景好。
附图说明
图1是应用于发动机的缸内双直喷系统的结构示意图;
图2是缸内双直喷系统燃烧过程示意图;
图3是缸内双直喷系统压缩过程喷射示意图;
图4是缸内双直喷系统模式转变示意图;
附图标记:1-进气道,2-进气门,3-醇类喷油器,4-火花塞,5-排气道,6-排气门,7-汽油喷油器,8-活塞
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的描述。
如图1至图3所示,一种用于抑制爆震的缸内双直喷系统,包括醇类供给系统、汽油供给系统、ECU电控单元和燃烧室,燃烧室由进气道1、进气门2、火花塞4、排气道5、排气门6、活塞8和喷油器组成,喷油器由喷射醇类燃料的醇类喷油器3和喷射汽油燃料的汽油喷油器7组成,醇类喷油器3和汽油喷油器7的喷油时刻和喷射脉宽分别由ECU电控单元单独控制,
通过调节两种燃料的不同喷射时刻实现不同燃烧模式的转变;通过调节两种燃料的不同喷射脉宽实现不同的燃烧比例;通过调节两种燃料的不同喷射压力和喷射间隔实现不同的气流运动和湍流强度。
通过调节两种燃料的不同喷射时刻的实现不同燃烧模式的转变;通过调节两种燃料的不同喷射压力和喷射间隔的实现不同的气流运动;
两种燃料的喷射时刻都在进气行程中,且处于0°TDC-180°TDC范围内,通过缸内气体流动,两种燃料在缸内形成均质混合气。
两种燃料的喷射时刻都在压缩行程中,且处于180°TDC-360°TDC范围内,通过喷射燃油流动导向,两种燃料在缸内形成分层混合气。
醇类燃料喷射时刻在进气行程中,且处于0°TDC-180°TDC范围内,通过缸内气体流动,醇类燃料在缸内形成均质混合气;汽油燃料喷射时刻在压缩行程中,且处于180°TDC-360°TDC范围内,通过喷射燃油流动导向,汽油燃料在缸内形成分层混合气;形成乙醇均质、汽油分层的混合气。
汽油燃料喷射时刻在进气行程中,且处于0°TDC-180°TDC范围内,通过缸内气体流动,汽油燃料在缸内形成均质混合气;醇类燃料喷射时刻在压缩行程中,且处于180°TDC-360°TDC范围内,通过喷射燃油流动导向,醇类燃料在缸内形成分层混合气;形成汽油均质、乙醇分层的混合气。
此外还可通过调节两种燃料的不同喷射脉宽的实现不同燃料的比例;在冷启动和低速小负荷时采用大比例汽油燃料,保证燃烧的稳定性;在大负荷爆震时采用大比例乙醇燃料,利用乙醇燃料的汽化潜热大、燃料辛烷值高以及层流火焰速度快等特点;在中等负荷通过ECU控制系统综合考虑乙醇燃料与汽油燃料的经济性、动力性及排放性,给出适当的乙醇汽油喷射比例。
综上,本发明系统可以通过改变喷油策略实现不同的燃烧模式、燃料特性以及气体运动的耦合,改变喷射时刻可以实现均质、分层和均质+分层燃烧模式的转变,改变喷油脉宽可以灵活地利用燃料特性解决冷启动和大负荷爆震的矛盾关系,改变喷射压力及间隔可以实现不同缸内气流运动及湍流强度变化,为不同燃烧模式转变以及燃料的灵活使用提供有效的方法,可以有效地抑制爆震以及拓展发动机极限热效率。图4为通过本发明可以实现的不同技术策略组合,最终实现对大负荷爆震的抑制。
本发明并不限于上文描述的实施方式。以上对具体实施方式的描述旨在描述和说明本发明的技术方案,上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的,并不是限制性的。在不脱离本发明宗旨和权利要求所保护的范围情况下,本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的启示下还可做出很多形式的具体变换,这些均属于本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (3)

1.一种用于抑制爆震的缸内双直喷系统,包括醇类供给系统、汽油供给系统、ECU电控单元和燃烧室,其特征在于,所述燃烧室由进气道、进气门、火花塞、排气道、排气门、活塞和喷油器组成,所述喷油器由喷射醇类燃料的醇类喷油器和喷射汽油燃料的汽油喷油器组成,所述醇类喷油器和汽油喷油器的喷油时刻和喷射脉宽分别由ECU电控单元单独控制,通过调节两种燃料的不同喷射时刻实现不同燃烧模式的转变;通过调节两种燃料的不同喷射脉宽实现不同的燃烧比例;通过调节两种燃料的不同喷射压力和喷射间隔实现不同的气流运动和湍流强度。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种用于抑制爆震的缸内双直喷系统,其特征在于,
当醇类燃料和汽油燃料两种燃料的喷射时刻都在进气行程中,且处于0°TDC‐180°TDC范围内时,通过燃烧室内气体流动,两种燃料在燃烧室内形成均质混合气;
当两种燃料的喷射时刻都在压缩行程中,且处于180°TDC‐360°TDC范围内时,通过喷射燃油流动导向,两种燃料在燃烧室内形成分层混合气;
当醇类燃料喷射时刻在进气行程中,且处于0°TDC‐180°TDC范围内时,通过燃烧室内气体流动,醇类燃料在燃烧室内形成均质混合气;当汽油燃料喷射时刻在压缩行程中,且处于180°TDC‐360°TDC范围内时,通过喷射燃油流动导向,汽油燃料在燃烧室内形成分层混合气,形成醇类均质、汽油分层的混合气;
当汽油燃料喷射时刻在进气行程中,且处于0°TDC‐180°TDC范围内,通过燃烧室内气体流动,汽油燃料在燃烧室内形成均质混合气;醇类燃料喷射时刻在压缩行程中,且处于180°TDC‐360°TDC范围内,通过喷射燃油流动导向,醇类燃料在燃烧室内形成分层混合气;形成汽油均质、醇类分层的混合气。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种用于抑制爆震的缸内双直喷系统,其特征在于,在冷启动和负荷在25%以下时采用汽油燃料,保证燃烧的稳定性和燃油经济性;在负荷达到80%以上采用醇类燃料,用于抑制爆震,提高热效率;在负荷为25%‐80%之间时通过ECU电控单元综合判断醇类燃料与汽油燃料的经济性、动力性及排放性,给出醇类和汽油的喷射比例。
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