CN107746559A - Biodegradable plastic and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Biodegradable plastic and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107746559A CN107746559A CN201710728473.7A CN201710728473A CN107746559A CN 107746559 A CN107746559 A CN 107746559A CN 201710728473 A CN201710728473 A CN 201710728473A CN 107746559 A CN107746559 A CN 107746559A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L67/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2201/00—Properties
- C08L2201/06—Biodegradable
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
- C08L2205/025—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group containing two or more polymers of the same hierarchy C08L, and differing only in parameters such as density, comonomer content, molecular weight, structure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
- C08L2205/035—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend containing four or more polymers in a blend
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Abstract
The present invention relates to plastics arts, and in particular to a kind of biodegradable plastic and preparation method thereof.Biodegradable plastic provided by the invention includes particles of polylactic acid, soyabean protein powder, soy meal, water, glycerine and polyethylene glycol, the production cost of polylactic acid plastic can be reduced, improve the mechanical property and water resistance of plastic of soybean protein, make biodegradable plastic that there is good biodegradability, water resistance, mechanical property and processing characteristics, while safety non-pollution.The preparation method of the biodegradable plastic of the present invention, by the mixture of each raw material successively by mediating, extruding and be granulated, technique is simple, easy to process, and cost is cheap, has broad application prospects.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to plastics arts, more particularly to a kind of biodegradable plastic and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Plastic products have been widely used for daily life, for people life provide it is greatly convenient.System
Meter display, annual 400000000 tons of the plastics aggregate consumption in the whole world, more than 60,000,000 tons of Consumption of China.In other words, the plastics of China's consumption account for
The 15% of global aggregate consumption.However, the plastics of recoverable but only account for the ratio of very little.With plastic products production and
Application develops rapidly, and growing plastic garbage threatens the ecological environment of the mankind increasingly severely.Processing is useless at present
The method of old plastics, such as the methods of landfill and burning, it is necessary to take larger processing space and substantial contribution input, while
Bring environmental issue.
With the enhancing of the environmental consciousness of people, solve plastic material and the Coordinate Development of environmental protection highlights further.Can
It is (such as starch, modified starch or other celluloses, photosensitive that degradative plastics refers to add a certain amount of additive in process of production
Agent, biodegradation agent etc.), stability declines, and is easier to the plastics degraded in natural environment.The appearance of degradation plastic, no
Plastic functional is only expanded, and the contradiction with environment can be alleviated to a certain extent, is saved and instead of petroleum resources, effectively
Eliminate white pollution, environmental protection.PLA (PLA) is a kind of new biodegradation material, is provided using reproducible plant
The starch material that source is proposed (such as corn) is made, and lactic acid is made via fermentation process in starch material, then is turned by chemical synthesis
Change PLA into.Although PLA has good biological degradability, also there is the problems such as production cost is high in PLA, its power
Learn and processing characteristics need further to improve.
Soybean protein is as a kind of natural material, comprising multiple functions group, such as amino, hydroxyl, phenolic group, carboxyl, these
Active group can be as chemical modification or the site of crosslinking, to synthesize the polymer with various functions.Because soybean protein has
Have that yield is big, cost is low and reproducible advantage, turn into the study hotspot of plastic applications, but plastic of soybean protein has hardness
Greatly, fragility is high and the characteristics of poor fluidity, not easy processing, and poor water resistance.
In view of this, the present invention is proposed.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of biodegradable plastic, by by particles of polylactic acid, soyabean protein powder and
Soy meal carries out blending and prepares biodegradable plastic, can reduce the production cost of polylactic acid plastic, improves soybean protein modeling
The mechanical property and water resistance of material, the biodegradable plastic have good biodegradability, mechanical performance and processability
Can, safety non-pollution, it is the ideal biodegradable plastic of a combination property.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of biodegradable plastic, technique is simple, is easy to add
Work, cost is cheap, has broad application prospects.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：
A kind of biodegradable plastic, is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight：It is particles of polylactic acid 80-120 parts, big
Legumin powder 40-60 parts, soy meal 40-60 parts, water 55-75 parts, glycerine 15-30 parts, polyethylene glycol 15-25 parts, and optionally
Auxiliary agent.
Further, the biodegradable plastic is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight：Particles of polylactic acid 90-
110 parts, soyabean protein powder 45-55 parts, soy meal 45-55 parts, water 60-70 parts, glycerine 20-25 parts, polyethylene glycol 18-22 parts,
And optional auxiliary agent.
Preferably, the biodegradable plastic is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight：Particles of polylactic acid 100
Part, 50 parts of soyabean protein powder, 50 parts of soy meal, 65 parts of water, 22.5 parts of glycerine, 20 parts of polyethylene glycol, and optional auxiliary agent.
Further, the auxiliary agent includes one kind in coupling agent, reducing agent or antiseptic or at least two combination.
Preferably, the auxiliary agent is the combination of coupling agent, reducing agent and antiseptic,
It is further preferred that the auxiliary agent is coupling agent 6-9 parts, reducing agent 0.5-1.5 parts and antiseptic 0.5-1.5 parts.
Further, the coupling agent is phthalic anhydride or maleic anhydride, preferably phthalic anhydride.
Further, the reducing agent is sulphite or bisulfites, preferably sulfurous acid acid hydrogen salt, further excellent
Elect sodium hydrogensulfite as.
Further, the antiseptic is organic antibacterial agent, preferably potassium sorbate or sodium benzoate, is more preferably
Potassium sorbate.
The biodegradable plastic is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight：It is particles of polylactic acid 90-110 parts, big
Legumin powder 45-55 parts, soy meal 45-55 parts, water 60-70 parts, glycerine 20-25 parts, polyethylene glycol 18-22 parts, phthalic anhydride 7-8
Part, sodium hydrogensulfite 0.8-1.2 parts and potassium sorbate 0.8-1.2 parts；
Preferably, the biodegradable plastic is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight：Particles of polylactic acid 100
Part, 50 parts of soyabean protein powder, 50 parts of soy meal, 65 parts of water, 22.5 parts of glycerine, 20 parts of polyethylene glycol, 7.5 parts of phthalic anhydride, sulfurous acid
1 part of 1 part of hydrogen sodium and potassium sorbate.
The preparation method of above-mentioned biodegradable plastic, comprises the following steps：
By the mixture of each raw material successively by mediating, extruding and be granulated, biodegradable plastic is obtained.
Further, first each raw material is mixed, when thing temperature to be mixed rises to 100-105 DEG C, after being incubated 8-15 minutes,
Obtain the mixture of each raw material.
Preferably, first soyabean protein powder, soy meal, water, glycerine and auxiliary agent are put into batch mixer, are heated to 45-55 DEG C
Particles of polylactic acid and polyethylene glycol are added afterwards, when thing temperature to be mixed rises to 100-105 DEG C, after being incubated 8-15 minutes, are obtained
The mixture of each raw material.
It is further preferred that first soyabean protein powder, soy meal, water, glycerine and auxiliary agent are put into batch mixer, 50 are heated to
Particles of polylactic acid and polyethylene glycol are added after DEG C, when thing temperature to be mixed rises to 102 DEG C, after being incubated 10 minutes, obtains each original
The mixture of material.
Further, the rotating speed of batch mixer is 400-500 revs/min in each raw material mixed process, preferably 420-480
Rev/min, more preferably 450 revs/min.
Further, the temperature of the kneading is 105-115 DEG C, preferably 108-112 DEG C, more preferably 110 DEG C.
Further, extruding pelletization is carried out using extruder, extruder feeding port position temperature is 90-110 DEG C, is preferably
95-105 DEG C, more preferably 100 DEG C；
And/or compressional zone temperature in middle part is 120-135 DEG C, preferably 125-130 DEG C, more preferably 128 DEG C；
And/or extrusion molding area temperature is 90-110 DEG C, preferably 95-105 DEG C, more preferably 100 DEG C；
And/or the screw speed of extruder is 250-350 revs/min, preferably 280-320 revs/min, is more preferably
300 revs/min.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1. the biodegradable plastic of the present invention by particles of polylactic acid, soyabean protein powder and soy meal by carrying out blending system
Standby biodegradable plastic, on the one hand can reduce the production cost of polylactic acid plastic, on the other hand can improve soybean protein
The mechanical property and water resistance of plastics, and by adding water, glycerine and polyethylene glycol, improve overall mechanical property and processing
Performance, and then the ideal biodegradable plastic of combination property is obtained, the biodegradable plastic has good biology
Degradation property, mechanical performance and processing characteristics, production cost is low, safety non-pollution.
2. the preparation method of biodegradable plastic provided by the invention, technique is simple, easy to process, and cost is cheap, tool
Have broad application prospects.
Embodiment
Technical scheme is clearly and completely described below in conjunction with embodiment, it is clear that described reality
It is part of the embodiment of the present invention to apply example, rather than whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, the common skill in this area
The every other embodiment that art personnel are obtained under the premise of creative work is not made, belong to the model that the present invention protects
Enclose.
Polylactic acid plastic and plastic of soybean protein all have good biodegradability, but polylactic acid plastic production rises this
Height, plastic of soybean protein hardness is big, fragility is high, poor water resistance.The present invention is by the way that PLA, soyabean protein powder and soy meal are entered
Row blending prepares biodegradable plastic, on the one hand can reduce the production cost of polylactic acid plastic, on the other hand can improve
The mechanical property and water resistance of plastic of soybean protein, and by adding water, glycerine and polyethylene glycol, improve overall mechanical property
Energy and processing characteristics, and then obtain the ideal biodegradable plastic of combination property.
The invention provides a kind of biodegradable plastic, mainly it is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight：PLA
Grain 80-120 parts, soyabean protein powder 40-60 parts, soy meal 40-60 parts, water 55-75 parts, glycerine 15-30 parts, polyethylene glycol 15-
25 parts, and optional auxiliary agent.
PLA (PLA) is also referred to as polylactide, belongs to polyester family.PLA is obtained by main polymerizable raw material of lactic acid
The polymer arrived, raw material sources are abundant and renewable, and production process is pollution-free, and product can be biodegradable.PLA is
It is made using the reproducible plant resources starch material that for example natural crops such as corn, wheat, sugarcane are extracted, raw material can be through
Lactic acid is made in fermentation process, then by being chemically synthesized to obtain PLA.PLA can be completely biological under composting conditionses
Degraded, is a kind of complete green material, it is considered to be the most recyclable plastic of competitiveness.
In the present invention, count in parts by weight, particles of polylactic acid is typical but non-limiting content is：80 parts, 85 parts, 90 parts,
95 parts, 100 parts, 105 parts, 110 parts, 115 parts or 120 parts.
Soyabean protein powder, it is to be extracted by a series of procedure of processings from soybean, obtained protein powder.Soy meal, it is
The bean powder made of soybean, also it is up to 40% containing abundant soybean protein, content.Soybean protein is by one or more
Polypeptide chain presses the molecule that respective particular form combines, and it contains various active side base such as amino, carboxyl and hydroxyl, energy and many
Material chemically reacts, and has specific primary structure and advanced space structure.Soybean protein is a kind of biodegradable
Macromolecule, and it is renewable, cost is low, the plastics of making have excellent mechanical property, water resistance and biodegradable
Advantage.In addition, also the tough of material can be improved by hydrogen bond action containing natural polymers such as cellulose and starch in soy meal
Property.
In the present invention, count in parts by weight, soyabean protein powder is typical but non-limiting content is：40 parts, 41 parts, 42 parts,
43 parts, 44 parts, 45 parts, 46 parts, 47 parts, 48 parts, 49 parts, 50 parts, 51 parts, 52 parts, 53 parts, 54 parts, 55 parts, 56 parts, 57 parts, 58
Part, 59 parts or 60 parts.
In the present invention, count in parts by weight, soy meal is typical but non-limiting content is：40 parts, 41 parts, 42 parts, 43 parts,
44 parts, 45 parts, 46 parts, 47 parts, 48 parts, 49 parts, 50 parts, 51 parts, 52 parts, 53 parts, 54 parts, 55 parts, 56 parts, 57 parts, 58 parts, 59
Part or 60 parts.
The purpose of polymer blending modification is to be capable of the performance of aggregative equilibrium lattice polymers compositions, is learnt from other's strong points to offset one's weaknesses, and is eliminated each
Weakness in one-component performance, improve the performance of material.It is prepared by particles of polylactic acid and the blending of soy meal and soyabean protein powder
Biodegradable plastic, the production cost of polylactic acid plastic on the one hand can be reduced, on the other hand can improve soybean protein modeling
The mechanical property and water resistance of material.
Glycerine, also known as glycerine.On the one hand, the Electronic interactions of the polar group of glycerine and high-polymer molecular,
It is swelled polymer, the nonpolar moiety in glycerine gets up the shielding of the polarity of polymer molecule, and increases between macromolecular
Distance, penetrate into starch molecule and hydroxyl and form a kind of physics and chemical action, reduce the original amount of hydroxyl groups of system, so as to by
Gradually reduce the water absorption rate of material.On the other hand, glycerine effectively can be penetrated between PLA and protein molecule, reduce PLA and
Protein molecule intermolecular forces, there is plasticization to PLA and protein molecule, the toughness and ductility of material can be improved.Cause
This, the water absorption rate of plastic products can be reduced by adding glycerine in the plastic, while increase the tensile strength of plastic products.
In the present invention, count in parts by weight, glycerine is typical but non-limiting content is：15 parts, 16 parts, 17 parts, 18 parts, 19
Part, 20 parts, 21 parts, 22 parts, 23 parts, 24 parts, 25 parts, 26 parts, 27 parts, 28 parts, 29 parts or 30 parts.
Water contains hydroxyl, can enter between polylactic acid molecule or protein molecule, weaken its intermolecular active force,
Melt flowability is improved, and reduces the fragility of final products, and then improves the toughness and ductility of material, is correspondingly changed
The mechanical property and processing characteristics of material.
In the present invention, count in parts by weight, water is typical but non-limiting content is：55 parts, 56 parts, 57 parts, 58 parts, 59
Part, 60 parts, 61 parts, 62 parts, 63 parts, 64 parts, 65 parts, 66 parts, 67 parts, 68 parts, 69 parts, 70 parts, 71 parts, 72 parts, 73 parts, 74 parts
Or 75 parts.
Polyethylene glycol, the melting temperature of particles of polylactic acid can be reduced.Because the melting temperature of PLA is higher than soybean egg
White melting temperature, PLA melting temperature can be reconciled by adding polyethylene glycol, make particles of polylactic acid and soyabean protein powder and big
Bean powder can be more preferable melt blending, while reduce processing temperature.Moreover, polyethylene glycol can also reduce soybean protein in height
Degraded under temperature state.Polyethylene glycol also has certain plasticization.In addition, polyethylene glycol is also used as lubricant, it is convenient
The extrusion forming of plastics.
In the present invention, count in parts by weight, polyethylene glycol is typical but non-limiting content is：15 parts, 16 parts, 17 parts, 18
Part, 19 parts, 20 parts, 21 parts, 22 parts, 23 parts, 24 parts or 25 parts.
Raw material based on the present invention is blended from PLA, soyabean protein powder and soy meal, while water, glycerine and poly- second
Glycol, improve overall mechanical property and processing characteristics, make obtained biodegradable plastic that there is good biological degradability
Can, its discarded object can be completely decomposed into low molecular compound in the presence of microorganism, avoid polluting environment, while again have
Good mechanical performance and processing characteristics, production cost is low, safety non-pollution.
In order to preferably increase the biodegradable plastic of the present invention, auxiliary agent can be added into raw material.
In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the auxiliary agent include coupling agent, reducing agent or antiseptic in one kind or
The group of the combination of at least two combination, such as coupling agent, reducing agent, antiseptic, coupling agent and reducing agent, coupling agent and antiseptic
Close, the combination of reducing agent and antiseptic, the combination of coupling agent, reducing agent and antiseptic.
In the optional embodiment of the present invention, auxiliary agent is coupling agent 6-9 parts, reducing agent 0.5-1.5 parts and antiseptic
0.5-1.5 parts.
Coupling agent, easily mutually scattered between particles of polylactic acid and protein, the interface between two components of reduction can be made
Power, increase compatibility.In an alternative embodiment of the invention, coupling agent is phthalic anhydride or maleic anhydride.Phthalic anhydride or maleic anhydride
The subunit dissociation of protein molecule can be caused, molecular change is stretched and is caused pliability to increase, while soybean point can be reduced
From the positive charge of protein molecular institute band, it is combined the reduced capability of water, help to reduce water absorption rate.In the preferred reality of the present invention
Apply in mode, coupling agent is phthalic anhydride.
In an alternative embodiment of the invention, reducing agent can be reduced in protein molecule or peptide molecule by reacting
Disulfide bond and form sulfydryl (- SH bases), can also be used to improve soybean protein solubility and improve its emulsification property.In this hair
In bright optional embodiment, reducing agent is sulphite or bisulfites.In the excellent optional embodiment of the present invention, also
Former agent is sodium hydrogensulfite.
Antiseptic, the microorganism malignant bacteria of plastics in process, the security that increase plastics use can be suppressed.
In an alternative embodiment of the invention, antiseptic is potassium sorbate or sodium benzoate.In the excellent optional of the present invention
In embodiment, antiseptic is potassium sorbate.
In an alternative embodiment of the invention, biodegradable plastic is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight：
Particles of polylactic acid 90-110 parts, soyabean protein powder 45-55 parts, soy meal 45-55 parts, water 60-70 parts, glycerine 20-25 parts, poly- second
Glycol 18-22 parts, phthalic anhydride 7-8 parts, sodium hydrogensulfite 0.8-1.2 parts and potassium sorbate 0.8-1.2 parts.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, biodegradable plastic is mainly by the raw material system of following parts by weight
Into：100 parts of particles of polylactic acid, 50 parts of soyabean protein powder, 50 parts of soy meal, 65 parts of water, 22.5 parts of glycerine, 20 parts of polyethylene glycol,
1 part of 7.5 parts of phthalic anhydride, 1 part of sodium hydrogensulfite and potassium sorbate.
Raw material based on the present invention is blended from PLA, soyabean protein powder and soy meal, while water, glycerine and poly- second
Glycol, improve overall mechanical property and processing characteristics, make obtained biodegradable plastic that there is good biological degradability
Can, its discarded object can be completely decomposed into low molecular compound in the presence of microorganism, avoid polluting environment, while again have
Good mechanical performance and processing characteristics, production cost is low, safety non-pollution.
It should be noted that degradability, mechanical property and processability that the biodegradable plastic of the present invention is good
It can be determined by its specific raw material components and proportioning, if component and its proportioning be not mutually coordinated, single component is brought
Beneficial effect, it is likely that can by other components cut down even eliminate, not have whole synthesis effect.The present invention is by substantial amounts of
Study and verify repeatedly, obtained the optimum combination and proportioning of biodegradable plastic so that multiple components combine, phase
Mutually coordinate, produce actively synergy, can allow last obtained biodegradable plastic, have good degradability,
Mechanical property and processing characteristics.
Present invention also offers a kind of preparation method of biodegradable plastic, comprise the following steps：By the mixed of each raw material
Compound by mediating, extruding and be granulated, obtains biodegradable plastic successively.
The preparation method of the biodegradable plastic of the present invention, including batch mixing, kneading and expressing technique step, technique letter
It is single, it is easy to process, and cost is cheap.
In a kind of optional embodiment of the present invention, first each raw material is mixed, thing temperature to be mixed rises to 100-105
DEG C when, be incubated 8-15 minutes after, the mixture of each raw material.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, first soyabean protein powder, soy meal, water, glycerine and auxiliary agent are put into
In batch mixer, particles of polylactic acid and polyethylene glycol are added after being heated to 50 DEG C, when thing temperature to be mixed rises to 102 DEG C, insulation
After 10 minutes, the mixture of each raw material is obtained.Due to particles of polylactic acid melting temperature with respect to soyabean protein powder and soy meal and
Speech is higher, and polyethylene glycol is added while particles of polylactic acid is added can reduce the melting temperature of PLA, enable each material
Enough relatively good blendings.
In a kind of optional embodiment of the present invention, the rotating speed of batch mixer is 400-500 revs/min.The rotating speed of batch mixer
It is typical but non-limiting be：400 revs/min, 410 revs/min, 420 revs/min, 430 revs/min, 440 revs/min, 450 revs/min, 460 turns/
Divide, 470 revs/min, 480 revs/min, 490 revs/min or 500 revs/min.In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, batch mixer
Rotating speed is 450 revs/min.In the range of speeds provided by the invention, each material blending is uniformly and the used time is shorter.
In a kind of optional embodiment of the present invention, it is 105-115 DEG C to mediate temperature.It is typical but unrestricted to mediate temperature
Property is：105 DEG C, 106 DEG C, 107 DEG C, 108 DEG C, 109 DEG C, 110 DEG C, 111 DEG C, 112 DEG C, 113 DEG C, 114 DEG C or 115 DEG C.At this
In a kind of preferred embodiment of invention, temperature is 110 DEG C during kneading.Shaping of the temperature to plastics is mediated to have a certain impact,
Temperature is higher, the easier caking of reaction raw materials or conglomeration, is not easy dispersed.
In a kind of optional embodiment of the present invention, extruding pelletization, extruder feeding port position are carried out using extruder
Temperature is 90-110 DEG C.Extruder feeding port position temperature is typical but non-limiting to be：90℃、91℃、92℃、93℃、94℃、
95℃、96℃、97℃、98℃、99℃、100℃、101℃、102℃、103℃、104℃、105℃、106℃、107℃、108
DEG C, 109 DEG C or 110 DEG C.In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, extruder feeding port position temperature is 100 DEG C.Feeding
Mouth temperature is too low, and raw material can be caused can not to smoothly enter extruder；Feeding port temperature is too high, and raw material does not allow easy-formation.
In a kind of optional embodiment of the present invention, compressional zone temperature in middle part is 120-135 DEG C.Middle part compressional zone temperature
It is typical but non-limiting be：120℃、121℃、122℃、123℃、124℃、125℃、126℃、127℃、128℃、129℃、
130 DEG C, 131 DEG C, 132 DEG C, 133 DEG C, 134 DEG C or 135 DEG C.In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, middle part compressional zone
Temperature is 128 DEG C.Compressional zone temperature in middle part is too low, and melt viscosity is big, it is not easy to compression forming；Middle part compressional zone temperature mistake
Height, the stability of raw material shaping are poor.
In a kind of optional embodiment of the present invention, extrusion molding area temperature is 90-110 DEG C.Extrusion molding area temperature
It is typical but non-limiting be：90℃、91℃、92℃、93℃、94℃、95℃、96℃、97℃、98℃、99℃、100℃、101
DEG C, 102 DEG C, 103 DEG C, 104 DEG C, 105 DEG C, 106 DEG C, 107 DEG C, 108 DEG C, 109 DEG C or 110 DEG C.It is preferred in one kind of the present invention
In embodiment, extrusion molding area temperature is 100 DEG C.Plastified when molding zone temperatures are low not exclusively, it is easy when molding zone temperatures are high
Aging.
In a kind of optional embodiment of the present invention, the screw speed of extruder is 250-350 revs/min.Extruder
Screw speed temperature is typical but non-limiting to be：250 revs/min, 260 revs/min, 270 revs/min, 280 revs/min, 290 revs/min, 300
Rev/min, 310 revs/min, 320 revs/min, 330 revs/min, 340 revs/min or 350 revs/min.In one kind side of being preferable to carry out of the present invention
In formula, the screw speed of extruder is 300 revs/min.Screw speed is the important parameter for controlling rate of extrusion and yield.Extrusion
The screw speed increase of machine, output increased；But screw RPM too high, motor load is excessive, melt pressure is too high, shear rate mistake
Height, die swelling increase, surface deterioration, and extrusion capacity is unstable.
The preparation method of biodegradable plastic provided by the invention, technique is simple, easy to process, and cost is cheap, has
Wide application prospect.
Specific explanations are carried out to the present invention with reference to specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
The biodegradable plastic of embodiment 1, is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight：100 parts of particles of polylactic acid, soybean
20 parts of 50 parts of albumen powder, 50 parts of soy meal, 65 parts of water, 22.5 parts of glycerine and polyethylene glycol.
Embodiment 2
The biodegradable plastic of embodiment 2, is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight：90 parts of particles of polylactic acid, soybean
22 parts of 55 parts of albumen powder, 45 parts of soy meal, 70 parts of water, 20 parts of glycerine and polyethylene glycol.
Embodiment 3
The biodegradable plastic of embodiment 3, is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight：110 parts of particles of polylactic acid, soybean
18 parts of 45 parts of albumen powder, 55 parts of soy meal, 60 parts of water, 25 parts of glycerine and polyethylene glycol.
Embodiment 4
The biodegradable plastic of embodiment 4, is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight：100 parts of particles of polylactic acid, soybean
20 parts of 50 parts of albumen powder, 50 parts of soy meal, 65 parts of water, 22.5 parts of glycerine and polyethylene glycol, 7.5 parts of phthalic anhydride, 1 part of sodium hydrogensulfite
With 1 part of potassium sorbate.
Embodiment 5
The biodegradable plastic of embodiment 5, is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight：80 parts of particles of polylactic acid, soybean
60 parts of albumen powder, 40 parts of soy meal, 75 parts of water, 15 parts of glycerine, 25 parts of polyethylene glycol, 6 parts of maleic anhydride, sodium hydrogensulfite 1.5
0.5 part of part and potassium sorbate.
Embodiment 6
The biodegradable plastic of embodiment 6, is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight：120 parts of particles of polylactic acid, soybean
40 parts of albumen powder, 60 parts of soy meal, 55 parts of water, 30 parts of glycerine, 15 parts of polyethylene glycol, 9 parts of phthalic anhydride, 0.5 part of sodium sulfite and benzene
1.5 parts of sodium formate.
Embodiment 7
The preparation method of the biodegradable plastic of embodiment 7, comprises the following steps：
(a) batch mixing：First soyabean protein powder, soy meal, water, glycerine and auxiliary agent are put into batch mixer, keep batch mixer
Rotating speed is 450 revs/min, adds particles of polylactic acid after being heated to 50 DEG C and polyethylene glycol, thing temperature to be mixed rise to 102 DEG C
When, after being incubated 10 minutes, obtain the mixture of each raw material；
(b) mediate：The mixed material that step (a) is obtained is sent into kneader, and mixed material is pinched at 110 DEG C
Close；
(c) extrude：Mixed material after kneading is sent into extruder, it is 100 DEG C to set extruder feeding port position temperature,
Compressional zone temperature in middle part is 128 DEG C, and extrusion molding area temperature is 100 DEG C, and it is 300 revs/min to keep rotating speed, particle is made, i.e.,
Obtain biodegradable plastic.
Embodiment 1-6 biodegradable plastic is made according to the preparation method of embodiment 7.
Embodiment 8
The preparation method of the biodegradable plastic of embodiment 8, comprises the following steps：
(a) batch mixing：First soyabean protein powder, soy meal, water, glycerine, auxiliary agent are put into batch mixer, keep turning for batch mixer
Speed is 400 revs/min, and particles of polylactic acid and polyethylene glycol are added after being heated to 45 DEG C, when thing temperature to be mixed rises to 100 DEG C,
After insulation 15 minutes, the mixture of each raw material is obtained；
(b) mediate：The mixed material that step (a) is obtained is sent into kneader, and mixed material is pinched at 1 DEG C
Close；
(c) extrude：Mixed material after kneading is sent into extruder, it is 90 DEG C to set extruder feeding port position temperature,
Compressional zone temperature in middle part is 120 DEG C, and extrusion molding area temperature is 90 DEG C, and it is 250 revs/min to keep rotating speed, and particle is made, produces
Biodegradable plastic.
Embodiment 9
The preparation method of the biodegradable plastic of embodiment 9, comprises the following steps：
(a) batch mixing：First soyabean protein powder, soy meal, water, glycerine, particles of polylactic acid and polyethylene glycol and auxiliary agent are put into
In batch mixer, the rotating speed for keeping batch mixer is 500 revs/min, when thing temperature to be mixed rises to 105 DEG C, after being incubated 8 minutes, respectively
The mixture of raw material；
(b) mediate：The mixed material that step (a) is obtained is sent into kneader, and mixed material is pinched at 115 DEG C
Close；
(c) extrude：Mixed material after kneading is sent into extruder, it is 110 DEG C to set extruder feeding port position temperature,
Compressional zone temperature in middle part is 130 DEG C, and extrusion molding area temperature is 110 DEG C, and it is 350 revs/min to keep rotating speed, particle is made, i.e.,
Obtain biodegradable plastic.
Comparative example 1
The biodegradable plastic of comparative example 1, is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight：60 parts of particles of polylactic acid, soybean
30 parts of 80 parts of albumen powder, 80 parts of soy meal, 50 parts of water, 10 parts of glycerine and polyethylene glycol.
Comparative example 2
The biodegradable plastic of comparative example 2, is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight：150 parts of particles of polylactic acid, soybean
10 parts of 30 parts of albumen powder, 30 parts of soy meal, 80 parts of water, 40 parts of glycerine and polyethylene glycol.
Comparative example 3
The difference of comparative example 3 and embodiment 1 is not containing particles of polylactic acid.
Comparative example 4
The difference of comparative example 4 and embodiment 1 is not containing soyabean protein powder and soy meal.
Comparative example 5
The difference of comparative example 5 and embodiment 1 is not containing soyabean protein powder.
Comparative example 6
The difference of comparative example 6 and embodiment 1 is not containing soy meal.
Comparative example 7
The biodegradable plastic of comparative example 7, is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight：40 parts of particles of polylactic acid, soybean
20 parts of 80 parts of albumen powder, 70 parts of soy meal, 65 parts of water, 22.5 parts of glycerine and polyethylene glycol.
Comparative example 8
The difference of comparative example 8 and embodiment 1 is not containing glycerine.
Comparative example 9
The difference of comparative example 9 and embodiment 1 is not containing water.
Comparative example 10
The difference of comparative example 10 and embodiment 1 is not containing polyethylene glycol.
Comparative example 11
The biodegradable plastic of comparative example 11, is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight：It is 100 parts of particles of polylactic acid, big
20 parts of 50 parts of legumin powder, 50 parts of soy meal, 80 parts of water, 22.5 parts of glycerine and polyethylene glycol.
Comparative example 12
The biodegradable plastic of comparative example 12, is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight：It is 100 parts of particles of polylactic acid, big
20 parts of 50 parts of legumin powder, 50 parts of soy meal, 65 parts of water, 60 parts of glycerine and polyethylene glycol.
Comparative example 13
The biodegradable plastic of comparative example 13, is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight：It is 100 parts of particles of polylactic acid, big
50 parts of 50 parts of legumin powder, 50 parts of soy meal, 65 parts of water, 22.5 parts of glycerine and polyethylene glycol.
Degradation plastic described in comparative example 1-13 is made using the preparation method of the degradation plastic described in embodiment 7.
Test example
(1) immersion property experiment
Biodegradable plastic specimen material is grown into 76.2mm, a width of 25.4mm, is highly 3.2mm bar shaped,
Sample is put into drying box and dried, drying temperature is 50 DEG C, takes out after drying 24 hours, is cooled down under room temperature (20-25 DEG C),
And initially weighed；It is next immersed in distilled water, immersion is weighed again after 24 hours, records weight change, calculates water absorption rate,
Need to dry the moisture on surface when weighing, dry water and weighing process preferably not more than 2 minutes.
(2) stretch-proof is tested
Tensile strength test is ASTM638 standards, and biodegradable plastic specimen material is made into length is
The bar shaped that 165mm, width are 12.7 and thickness is 3.2mm, draw speed 50mm/min, in drawing process, the vertical pulling of test specimen one
Stretch, untill breaking, record maximum stretching force and post-rift length change, and tensile strength calculated and elongation at break.
(3) biological degradation rate of specimen material
The method buried using soil, mass loss of the determination sample material after 30 days, 60 days, and calculate the biology of specimen material
Degradation rate.
Result of the test is shown in Table 1.
The result of the test of table 1
From table 1 it follows that use embodiment 1-6 provide biodegradable plastic tensile strength 11MPa with
On, elongation at break is more than 140%, and water absorption rate is less than 4%, and the specimen material biological degradation rate of 30 days is higher than 28%, sample
The material biological degradation rate of 60 days is higher than 68%.Meanwhile research, it has also been found that in the presence of microorganism, biology of the invention can drop
It is low molecular compound that it is degradable in 3-6 months, which to solve plastics, avoids environmental pollution.
By comparative example 1-13 and embodiment 1 it was found that, comparative example 1-6 tensile strength be far below embodiment 1, disconnected
Split elongation and be far above embodiment 1 from far below embodiment 1, water absorption rate, the specimen material biological degradation rate of 30 days and 60 days is equal
Less than embodiment 1, mechanical property, water resistance and the biological degradability of biodegradable plastic depend on raw material components and proportioning,
It can be seen that biodegradable plastic provided by the invention has good mechanical property, water resistance and biodegradability, it is a
The ideal biodegradable plastic of combination property.It is can be seen that by the comparison of comparative example 3-7 and embodiment 1 by poly-
Lactic acid, soyabean protein powder and the blending of soy meal three can significantly improve the tensile strength of biodegradable plastic, reduce and inhale
Water rate, improve biodegradability, the stretching with comparison biodegradable plastic of PLA, soyabean protein powder and soy meal
Intensity, water absorption rate and biodegradability also have considerable influence.It can be seen that by comparative example 8-13 and the comparison of embodiment 1
To the tensile strength of biodegradable plastic, water absorption rate and biodegradability also have larger shadow for water, glycerine and polyethylene glycol
Ring.
In summary, using the biodegradable plastic of raw material composition and ratio provided by the invention have mechanical property,
Water resistance and biodegradability, it is the ideal biodegradable plastic of a combination property.
Finally it should be noted that：Various embodiments above is merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention, rather than its limitations；To the greatest extent
The present invention is described in detail with reference to foregoing embodiments for pipe, it will be understood by those within the art that：Its according to
The technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments can so be modified, either which part or all technical characteristic are entered
Row equivalent substitution；And these modifications or replacement, the essence of appropriate technical solution is departed from various embodiments of the present invention technology
The scope of scheme.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of biodegradable plastic, it is characterised in that be mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight：Particles of polylactic acid
80-120 parts, soyabean protein powder 40-60 parts, soy meal 40-60 parts, water 55-75 parts, glycerine 15-30 parts, polyethylene glycol 15-25
Part, and optional auxiliary agent.
2. biodegradable plastic according to claim 1, it is characterised in that mainly by the raw material system of following parts by weight
Into：Particles of polylactic acid 90-110 parts, soyabean protein powder 45-55 parts, soy meal 45-55 parts, water 60-70 parts, glycerine 20-25 parts,
Polyethylene glycol 18-22 parts, and optional auxiliary agent；
Preferably, mainly it is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight：100 parts of particles of polylactic acid, 50 parts of soyabean protein powder, soy meal
50 parts, 65 parts of water, 22.5 parts of glycerine, 20 parts of polyethylene glycol, and optional auxiliary agent.
3. biodegradable plastic according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the auxiliary agent includes coupling agent, reducing agent
Or one kind in antiseptic or the combination of at least two combination, preferably coupling agent, reducing agent and antiseptic, further preferably
For coupling agent 6-9 parts, reducing agent 0.5-1.5 parts and antiseptic 0.5-1.5 parts.
4. biodegradable plastic according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the coupling agent is phthalic anhydride or maleic acid
Acid anhydride, preferably phthalic anhydride；
And/or the reducing agent is sulphite or bisulfites, preferably sulfurous acid acid hydrogen salt, more preferably Asia
Niter cake；
And/or the antiseptic is organic antibacterial agent, preferably potassium sorbate or sodium benzoate, more preferably sorbic acid
Potassium.
5. biodegradable plastic according to claim 1, it is characterised in that mainly by the raw material system of following parts by weight
Into：Particles of polylactic acid 90-110 parts, soyabean protein powder 45-55 parts, soy meal 45-55 parts, water 60-70 parts, glycerine 20-25 parts,
Polyethylene glycol 18-22 parts, phthalic anhydride 7-8 parts, sodium hydrogensulfite 0.8-1.2 parts and potassium sorbate 0.8-1.2 parts；
Preferably, mainly it is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight：100 parts of particles of polylactic acid, 50 parts of soyabean protein powder, soy meal
1 part of 50 parts, 65 parts of water, 22.5 parts of glycerine, 20 parts of polyethylene glycol, 7.5 parts of phthalic anhydride, 1 part of sodium hydrogensulfite and potassium sorbate.
A kind of 6. preparation method of biodegradable plastic as described in claim any one of 1-5, it is characterised in that including with
Lower step：
By the mixture of each raw material successively by mediating, extruding and be granulated, biodegradable plastic is obtained.
7. preparation method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that first mix each raw material, thing temperature to be mixed rises
During to 100-105 DEG C, after being incubated 8-15 minutes, the mixture of each raw material is obtained；
Preferably, first soyabean protein powder, soy meal, water, glycerine and auxiliary agent are put into batch mixer, added after being heated to 45-55 DEG C
Enter particles of polylactic acid and polyethylene glycol, when thing temperature to be mixed rises to 100-105 DEG C, after being incubated 8-15 minutes, obtain each original
The mixture of material；
More preferably, first soyabean protein powder, soy meal, water, glycerine and auxiliary agent are put into batch mixer, after being heated to 50 DEG C
Particles of polylactic acid and polyethylene glycol are added, when thing temperature to be mixed rises to 102 DEG C, after being incubated 10 minutes, obtains each raw material
Mixture.
8. preparation method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the rotating speed of batch mixer is in each raw material mixed process
400-500 revs/min, preferably 420-480 revs/min, more preferably 450 revs/min.
9. preparation method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the temperature of the kneading is 105-115 DEG C, is preferably
108-112 DEG C, more preferably 110 DEG C.
10. preparation method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that extruding pelletization is carried out using extruder, extruder is sent
Material mouth position temperature is 90-110 DEG C, preferably 95-105 DEG C, more preferably 100 DEG C；
And/or compressional zone temperature in middle part is 120-135 DEG C, preferably 125-130 DEG C, more preferably 128 DEG C；
And/or extrusion molding area temperature is 90-110 DEG C, preferably 95-105 DEG C, more preferably 100 DEG C；
And/or the screw speed of extruder is 250-350 revs/min, preferably 280-320 revs/min, more preferably 300
Rev/min.
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| CN116178770A (en) * | 2022-11-30 | 2023-05-30 | 苏州中达航材料科技有限公司 | Biodegradable mulching film special for garlic and preparation method thereof |
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