CN107743923A - 一种降低黄牛热应激氧化损伤的养殖方法 - Google Patents
一种降低黄牛热应激氧化损伤的养殖方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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Abstract
本发明属于山养黄牛热应激调节技术领域，具体涉及一种降低黄牛热应激氧化损伤的养殖方法，通过在三伏天对黄牛饲料进行相应管理。本发明相比现有技术具有以下优点：能清除多种ROS自由基，通过协同作用增强抗氧化作用降低热应激对机体肠绒毛的损伤程度，进而减少热应激造成的氧化损伤，并提高机体的采食量和生长性能，同时长链脂肪酸钙能够促进黄牛对饲料中营养物质的吸收，并促进营养物质以不同的形式储存在机体中，加强营养物质的代谢，进而达到良好的抗热应激效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于山养黄牛热应激调节技术领域，具体涉及一种降低黄牛热应激氧化损伤的养殖方法。
背景技术
黄牛是国内品种，有体质粗壮，结构紧凑，肌肉发达，四肢强健，蹄质坚硬等优点，是我国主要的肉用牛肉品种，但黄牛属恒温动物，皮下脂肪较厚，无活动汗腺且汗腺很不发达，体内热量散发缓慢，不善于通过皮肤蒸发调节散热，耐寒不耐热，因此在高温高湿条件下极易出现热应激反应，因此夏季高温产生的热应激对肉牛增重影响较大，给黄牛牛肉的生产带来了较大损失，进一步研究时发现，在夏季高温高湿环境下，黄牛体温升高，内分泌系统出现紊乱，甲状腺激素含量下降，皮质醇含量增加，血清丙二醛含量上升，总的超氧化物歧化酶含量下降，严重影响黄牛的健康，目前已发现维生素、谷氨酰胺、脂肪酸、有机铬、中草药添加剂等多种抗热应激添加剂，现有研究表明，急性热应激就可激发基体的氧化应激，从而造成氧化损伤，现有抗热应激添加剂对能够改善黄牛的生产性能、生理生化指标，同时还可能会出现一些副作用，对黄牛氧化伤害没有改善，因此，需要在现有技术的基础上进一步对抗热应激方法进行研究，以在改善黄牛在夏季高温高湿条件下黄牛育肥性能及养分消化率的基础上减少基体氧化损伤程度。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有的问题，提供了一种降低黄牛热应激氧化损伤的养殖方法。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：一种降低黄牛热应激氧化损伤的养殖方法，管理时间为从三伏天，管理期限为40天，所述黄牛为肉用牛，体重为300-700kg，包括以下内容：
（1）在第1-10天，以每天每头牛计算，将长链脂肪酸钙25-55mg、大麦提取液200-400mg用水稀释后均匀喷洒在相应日粮的草料上；
（2）在第11-30天，以每天每头牛计算，将长链脂肪酸钙40-80mg、干姜挥发油80-160mg、大麦提取液140-220mg用水稀释后均匀喷洒在相应日粮的草料上；
（3）在第31-40天，以每天每头牛计算，将干姜挥发油280-520mg、大麦提取液400-550mg用水稀释后均匀喷洒在相应日粮的草料上。
作为对上述方案的进一步改进，所述干姜挥发油的制备方法为，将干姜粗粉用相当于其重量1.2倍的石油醚在30℃条件下浸泡2天，得到石油醚A，然后将干姜粗粉用相当于其重量2倍的石油醚浸泡22小时，得到石油醚B，合并石油醚A和石油醚B得到淡黄色油状物，在温度为8-12℃条件下冷藏备用即可。
作为对上述方案的进一步改进，大麦提取液为质量浓度为大麦籽粒70%的丙酮提取液，总酚含量为1.87mg/g。
作为对上述方案的进一步改进，所述日粮按重量配比为：玉米20%、豆粕6%、棉饼5%、麸皮4%、菜粕2.75%、金银花2.56%、碳酸氢钠0.35%、食盐0.5%、石粉0.6%、预混料0.8%、木樨草10%、花生壳7.26%、皇竹草40%；其中所述每公斤预混料包含维生素A2967IU、维生素D325IU、维生素E20IU、铁120mg、铜75mg、锌62mg、锰48mg、钴0.75mg、碘0.3mg、硒0.28mg。
作为对上述方案的进一步改进，所述每天日粮分三次饲喂，相邻两次饲喂时间间隔不少于5小时，饲喂期间让黄牛自由采食、饮水，保持圈舍内清洁，干燥。
所述日粮中原料均为干料，其中各阶段添加料按照黄牛重量按比例增加。
本发明相比现有技术具有以下优点：本发明中在三伏天不同阶段在饲料中加入相应的添加料，能清除多种ROS自由基，通过协同作用增强抗氧化作用降低热应激对机体肠绒毛的损伤程度，进而减少热应激造成的氧化损伤，并提高机体的采食量和生长性能，同时长链脂肪酸钙能够促进黄牛对饲料中营养物质的吸收，并促进营养物质以不同的形式储存在机体中，加强营养物质的代谢，进而达到良好的抗热应激效果。
具体实施方式
实施例1
设置实验，在当地养殖场选择健康状况良好的400±5kg的黄牛，每组黄牛数量为10头；
一种降低黄牛热应激氧化损伤的养殖方法，管理时间为从三伏天，管理期限为40天，包括以下内容：
（1）在第1-10天，以每天每头牛计算，将长链脂肪酸钙37mg、大麦提取液280mg用水稀释后均匀喷洒在相应日粮的草料上；
（2）在第11-30天，以每天每头牛计算，将长链脂肪酸钙52mg、干姜挥发油125mg、大麦提取液194mg用水稀释后均匀喷洒在相应日粮的草料上；
（3）在第31-40天，以每天每头牛计算，将干姜挥发油395mg、大麦提取液470mg用水稀释后均匀喷洒在相应日粮的草料上。
其中，所述干姜挥发油的制备方法为，将干姜粗粉用相当于其重量1.2倍的石油醚在30℃条件下浸泡2天，得到石油醚A，然后将干姜粗粉用相当于其重量2倍的石油醚浸泡22小时，得到石油醚B，合并石油醚A和石油醚B得到淡黄色油状物，在温度为8-12℃条件下冷藏备用即可；大麦提取液为质量浓度为大麦籽粒70%的丙酮提取液，总酚含量为1.87mg/g。
其中，所述日粮按重量配比为：玉米20%、豆粕6%、棉饼5%、麸皮4%、菜粕2.75%、金银花2.56%、碳酸氢钠0.35%、食盐0.5%、石粉0.6%、预混料0.8%、木樨草10%、花生壳7.26%、皇竹草40%；其中所述每公斤预混料包含维生素A2967IU、维生素D325IU、维生素E20IU、铁120mg、铜75mg、锌62mg、锰48mg、钴0.75mg、碘0.3mg、硒0.28mg；所述每天日粮分三次饲喂，具体为，早晨7点、下午2点和下午8点；相邻两次饲喂时间间隔不少于5小时，饲喂期间让黄牛自由采食、饮水，保持圈舍内清洁，干燥。
设置对照组1，将实施例1中步骤（1）中大麦提取液去掉，其余内容不变；设置对照组2，将实施例（2）中干姜挥发油去掉，其余内容不变；设置对照组3，将实施例（2）中大麦提取液去掉，其余内容不变；设置对照组4，将实施例（3）中干姜挥发油去掉，其余内容不变；设置对照组5，将实施例（3）中干大麦提取液去掉，其余内容不变；设置对照组6，按照现有技术，在相应阶段，以每天每头牛计算，将长链脂肪酸钙60mg、烟酸铬45mg用水稀释后均匀喷洒在相应日粮的草料上；空白组为直接用日粮饲喂；
对各组牛日增重和干物质采食量进行统计，并计算平均值，得到以下结果：
表1
表2
其中，GSH-Px为谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶，CAT为过氧化氢酶，T-SOD为总超氧化物歧化酶，8-OHDG为8羟基脱氧鸟苷；
通过表1和表2中数据可以看出，本发明中方法相比现有技术能够提高热应激肉牛血清或肝脏中CAT、GSH-Px和T-SOD的活性，降低8-OHDG和MDA的浓度，表明能够该方法能够有效减弱应激对肉牛机体抗氧化系统的破坏，一定程度上降低了机体内脂质过氧化物的含量，有效抑制血液和组织器官中脂质过氧化损伤，提高机体抗氧化能力，起到抗高温应激的作用。
Claims (5)
1.一种降低黄牛热应激氧化损伤的养殖方法，管理时间为从三伏天，管理期限为40天，所述黄牛为肉用牛，体重为300-700kg，其特征在于，包括以下内容：
（1）在第1-10天，以每天每头牛计算，将长链脂肪酸钙25-55mg、大麦提取液200-400mg用水稀释后均匀喷洒在相应日粮的草料上；
（2）在第11-30天，以每天每头牛计算，将长链脂肪酸钙40-80mg、干姜挥发油80-160mg、大麦提取液140-220mg用水稀释后均匀喷洒在相应日粮的草料上；
（3）在第31-40天，以每天每头牛计算，将干姜挥发油280-520mg、大麦提取液400-550mg用水稀释后均匀喷洒在相应日粮的草料上。
2.如权利要求1所述一种降低黄牛热应激氧化损伤的养殖方法，其特征在于，所述干姜挥发油的制备方法为，将干姜粗粉用相当于其重量1.2倍的石油醚在30℃条件下浸泡2天，得到石油醚A，然后将干姜粗粉用相当于其重量2倍的石油醚浸泡22小时，得到石油醚B，合并石油醚A和石油醚B得到淡黄色油状物，在温度为8-12℃条件下冷藏备用即可。
3.如权利要求1所述一种降低黄牛热应激氧化损伤的养殖方法，其特征在于，大麦提取液为质量浓度为大麦籽粒70%的丙酮提取液，总酚含量为1.87mg/g。
4.如权利要求1所述一种降低黄牛热应激氧化损伤的养殖方法，其特征在于，所述日粮按重量配比为：玉米20%、豆粕6%、棉饼5%、麸皮4%、菜粕2.75%、金银花2.56%、碳酸氢钠0.35%、食盐0.5%、石粉0.6%、预混料0.8%、木樨草10%、花生壳7.26%、皇竹草40%；其中所述每公斤预混料包含维生素A2967IU、维生素D325IU、维生素E20IU、铁120mg、铜75mg、锌62mg、锰48mg、钴0.75mg、碘0.3mg、硒0.28mg。
5.如权利要求1所述一种降低黄牛热应激氧化损伤的养殖方法，其特征在于，所述每天日粮分三次饲喂，相邻两次饲喂时间间隔不少于5小时，饲喂期间让黄牛自由采食、饮水，保持圈舍内清洁，干燥。
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