CN107741602A - A kind of reservoir method for automatic tracking based on seismic wave characteristic - Google Patents
A kind of reservoir method for automatic tracking based on seismic wave characteristic Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/40—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/30—Analysis
- G01V1/306—Analysis for determining physical properties of the subsurface, e.g. impedance, porosity or attenuation profiles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/32—Transforming one recording into another or one representation into another
- G01V1/325—Transforming one representation into another
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/40—Transforming data representation
- G01V2210/48—Other transforms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/50—Corrections or adjustments related to wave propagation
- G01V2210/52—Move-out correction
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/60—Analysis
- G01V2210/62—Physical property of subsurface
- G01V2210/624—Reservoir parameters
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of reservoir method for automatic tracking based on seismic wave characteristic, belong to geophysical exploration seismic interpretation and comprehensive study field.Geological data is normalized to certain section by methods described first, the region of different number ranges is marked off in the section, one character of each Regional Representative, pass through the stringification of geological data, seismic waveform is changed in the form of character string, can more accurately protrude different seismic wave characteristics.Then demarcation is shaken by well and determines the position of reservoir purpose of horizon and its combination of character string, using the character string combinations mode as recognition template, complete three-dimensional automatic tracing is carried out by seed point and certain window scope.This method can be finely by seismic wave characteristic textual, reservoir is quickly followed the trail of using the method for text matches.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to geophysical exploration seismic interpretation and comprehensive study field, more particularly to one kind to be based on seismic waveform
The reservoir method for automatic tracking of feature.
Background technology
Layer description is one important research contents of petroleum exploration field, is to be combined seismic data with geological research
Important channel.The result of layer description will directly affect the success or failure of final well location target, therefore in oil field prospecting comprehensive study
Pay much attention to layer description.The most basic work of layer description is exactly the tracking of purpose of horizon, and tradition stratum position method for tracing is all
By manual trace earthquake axle amplitude in the same direction, efficiency comparison is low, while to the reservoir of some weak reflectance signatures, is manually not easy to know
Not.Method for tracing in most of interpretation software also has relied on the intensity of amplitude, for the group of weak amplitude and some amplitudes
Closing feature can not follow the trail of well.Seismic waveform is that subsurface reservoir and oil-bearing information the most directly reflect, and earthquake solution
A key character parameter in releasing, with going deep into for In Oil Field Exploration And Development, many can not be by visually differentiating seismic waveform
Nuance have become the goal in research that researcher is concerned about the most, these othernesses may indicate that favourable exploration mesh
Mark.Therefore, how improving the descriptive power of seismic waveform structure and how these features being carried out into automatically tracking is earthquake solution
The problem faced in releasing.The present invention is changed by the character string of geological data, and seismic wave characteristic is converted into various words
Symbol string integrated mode, the tracking of reservoir layer position is carried out by character string pattern matching, is solved very well in artificial layer description
The problem of, improve operating efficiency.
The content of the invention
In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is：It is automatic to provide a kind of reservoir based on seismic wave characteristic
Method for tracing, solve due to difficulty not easy to identify to some weak reflections and complex characteristic in artificial layer description, while effectively
Improve the efficiency of layer description.
The present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of reservoir method for automatic tracking based on seismic wave characteristic, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Step 1：The processing of formation seismic data characterization
The geological data of loading is normalized, the regional extent of seismic amplitude values is defined and is assigned for each regional extent
One character, seismic wave characteristic is converted into certain character string；
Step 2：According to character string conversion method in step 1, demarcated deeply when being shaken by well when target reservoir is corresponded into earthquake
Character string mode of the character string sequence as the reservoir in the range of window；
Step 3：Reservoir automatic tracing is realized in the matching that seed point is carried out using character string mode.
Further, in step 1, in the regional extent of seismic amplitude values, several areas are arbitrarily divided into as needed
Domain, each one character of Regional Representative, and certain color is assigned to the character.
Further, in step 2, the specific method of the character string combinations of spotting reservoir is：
By AC curve plotting composite traces of logging well, composite traces data are entered according to character string conversion method in step 1
Row conversion；
The seismic channel for crossing well is carried out to the conversion of character string also according to character string conversion method in step 1.
Corrected deeply when being carried out with reference to lithology data and the match condition of composite traces, and obtain the character of reservoir interval of interest
String integrated mode.
Further, in step 3, the matching of seed point is three-dimensional match tracing, and specific method is：According to resulting character
String pattern, automatic tracing parameter is set by certain window scope, selects purpose reservoir starting point, seismic channel around is carried out
Match one by one, if the layer site of the match is successful pattern target point corresponding to Ze Jianggai roads as identification, is matched until complete successively
Help the tracking of three-dimensional data.
Further, when setting automatic tracing parameter, regulation relevant parameter protrudes reservoir characteristic.
Further, comprising the concrete steps that in step 3：
Step A：According to resulting character string mode and reservoir characteristic, automatic tracing parameter is set；
Step B：The point near purpose reservoir is selected as seed point, by setting certain window scope to obtain seed point
The character string at place, the character string is matched with the character string mode that step 2 determines, the point is recorded if the match is successful,
Otherwise need to reselect seed point；
Step C：Along the co-ordination of seed point location, all around four direction moves a segment distance, and the point after movement is made
Matched for new seed point, repeat step B operation, follow the trail of iteration, until a little all carried out a matching operation after,
The point is recorded if the match is successful, terminates matching；
If follow the trail of the undesirable situation in result part repeat step A-C operations, to chase after after the matching combination deletion of part
Track iteration, untill final matching result with actual coincide.
Further, it is described to refer to part matching with reference to deletion, the result after tracking is carried out by mouse action amendment
Layer position, is deleted the reservoir that understanding is not met in stratum.
Further, during matching operation, fine match can be carried out in the way of successive ignition.
Further, it is described regulation relevant parameter protrude reservoir characteristic specific method be adjust seed point up and down when window model
Enclose, adjust the step-length of tracking, adjust the tomography spacing of maximum.
Further, after the completion of step 3, in addition to concat pattern tracking obtained layer position information and export
The step of following the trail of result.
The reservoir information that the present invention is included using seismic wave characteristic, seismic waveform is converted into character string, and according to
Reservoir information is described different character patterns, can more accurately protrude different reservoir characteristics.Then well is passed through
Shake demarcation determines the position of reservoir purpose of horizon and its combination of character string, using the character string combinations mode as identification mould
Plate, the automatic tracing of full three-dimensional is carried out by seed point and certain window scope, after multiple mode iterative, finally
Obtain reliable reservoir distribution.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 seismic wave characteristic three-dimensional automatic tracing schematic diagrames
Fig. 2 geological data character string conversion regimes.
Result figure after the conversion of Fig. 3 earthquakes character string.
The shake demarcation of Fig. 4 wells determines reservoir pattern.
Fig. 5 automatic tracing parameter settings.
Fig. 6 river courses reservoir automatic tracing result.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment 1.A kind of reservoir method for automatic tracking based on seismic wave characteristic, it is characterised in that including following step
Suddenly：
Step 1：The processing of formation seismic data characterization
The geological data of loading is normalized, the regional extent of seismic amplitude values is defined and is assigned for each regional extent
One character, seismic wave characteristic is converted into certain character string；
Step 2：According to character string conversion method in step 1, the character string of spotting reservoir is demarcated when being shaken by well deeply
Integrated mode；The character string mode refers to specific character string sequence；
Step 3：Reservoir automatic tracing is realized in the matching that seed point is carried out using character string mode.
In step 1, in the regional extent of seismic amplitude values, several regions are arbitrarily divided into as needed, each
One character of Regional Representative, and certain color is assigned to the character.
Step 4, merge multiple patterns, export the step of following the trail of result.
In step 2, the specific method of the character string combinations of spotting reservoir is：
By AC curve plotting composite traces of logging well, composite traces data are entered according to character string conversion method in step 1
Row conversion；
The seismic channel for crossing well is carried out to the conversion of character string also according to character string conversion method in step 1.
Corrected deeply when being carried out with reference to lithology data and the match condition of composite traces, and obtain the character of reservoir interval of interest
String integrated mode.
In step 3, the matching of seed point is three-dimensional match tracing, and specific method is：According to resulting character string mode,
Automatic tracing parameter is set by certain window scope, selects purpose reservoir starting point, seismic channel around is carried out one by one
Match somebody with somebody, if the layer site of the match is successful pattern target point corresponding to Ze Jianggai roads as identification, is matched until completing complete three successively
The tracking of dimension data.
When setting automatic tracing parameter, regulation relevant parameter protrudes reservoir characteristic.
Comprising the concrete steps that in step 3：
Step A：According to resulting character string mode and reservoir characteristic, automatic tracing parameter is set；
Step B：It is by setting certain window scope to obtain the character string at seed point, the character string and step 2 is true
Fixed character string mode is matched, and the point is recorded if the match is successful, otherwise need to reselect seed point and again with
The character string mode that step 2 determines is matched, untill the match is successful；
Step C：Along the co-ordination of seed point location, all around four direction moves a segment distance, and the point after movement is made
Matched for new seed point, repeat step B operation, follow the trail of iteration, until a little all carried out a matching operation after,
The point is recorded if the match is successful, terminates matching；
If follow the trail of the undesirable situation in result part repeat step A-C operations, to chase after after the matching combination deletion of part
Track iteration, untill final matching result with actual coincide.
It is described by part matching result delete refer to, to after tracking result carry out mouse interaction amendment, in stratum not
The reservoir for meeting understanding is deleted.
During matching operation, fine match is carried out in the way of successive ignition.During iteration, adjustment character string mould can be changed
Formula, seed point location, when the parameter such as window.
The specific method that the regulation relevant parameter protrudes reservoir characteristic is the window scope up and down for adjusting seed point, is adjusted
The step-length of tracking, adjust the tomography spacing of maximum.
Finally, merge the layer position information for the obtained point followed the trail of by multiple character string modes and export tracking result.
Embodiment 2.A kind of reservoir method for automatic tracking based on seismic wave characteristic, this method pass through seismic waveform is special
Sign is converted into certain character string mode, and seismic wave characteristic is described by the syntagmatic of character string, is shaken and synthesized by well
Record demarcation determines target zone character string combinations pattern, is used as seed point by selecting sometime to put in section, with this kind
The automatic tracing of full three-dimensional is carried out centered on son point.
Specifically include the following steps：
A：The geological data of loading is normalized, make its amplitude in certain interval range such as：[-1.0,
1.0]；
B：The interval division mode of amplitude is defined, can arbitrarily be divided into several regions, each region generation as needed
One character of table, and certain color is assigned to the character, blueness is assigned between -1 and 0 as a [- 1,0] represents amplitude, b [0,
0.1] represent amplitude and yellow is assigned between 0 and 0.1, c [0.1,1] represents amplitude and red is assigned between 0.1 and 1；
C:Geological data is converted to character string combinations by the conversion method according to step A and B, then is demarcated deeply when being shaken by well
Determine the character string combinations mode of target zone, such as aabbbcc；
D：Select sometime to put the matching that character string is carried out as seed point on seismic profile, in matching process according to
The similar principle of character is carried out, and it be aabbcc such as to define target reservoir character string combinations, sets the maximum individual of each character
Number error is 1, then earthquake character string is the earthquake section that abbcc, aabbbcc etc. are considered matching.Each seismic channel is by road
It is compared the matching for completing three-dimensional data.
Above-mentioned steps C target zone character string scaling method comprises the following steps：
C1：By AC curve plotting composite traces of logging well, composite traces data are turned according to character string conversion method
Change；
C2：The seismic channel for crossing well is equally carried out to the conversion of character string；
C3：Corrected deeply when being carried out with reference to lithology data and the match condition of composite traces, and obtain reservoir interval of interest
Character string mode.
Above-mentioned steps D three-dimensional match tracing method comprises the following steps：
D1：By setting the time range up and down of seed point, as 20ms is exactly to be opened centered on seed point above and below seed point
One 40ms when window, obtains the character string at seed point, the character string is matched with given character string mode, such as
The match is successful then records the point for fruit, otherwise needs to reselect seed point；
D2：Along the co-ordination of seed point location, all around four direction moves, and moving step length can be according to user
Demand is set, and per pass is calculated when such as step-length being 1, and it is long but more carry out to calculate the time, and it 2 is that interval 1 calculates that step-length, which is, is calculated
Speed is fast, but precision reduces, and the point after movement is matched as new seed point, repeats D1 and operates, until a little all
After having carried out a matching operation, terminate matching；
D3：If new word can be redefined by after the deletion of part matching result by following the trail of the undesirable situation in result part
String pattern is accorded with, D1 and D2 operations is repeated, fine match is carried out in the way of successive ignition, until final matching result and reality
Untill border coincide (Fig. 1).
A kind of reservoir method for automatic tracking based on seismic wave characteristic is present embodiments provided, first returns geological data
Certain section is arrived in one change, and the region of different number ranges is marked off in the section, each one character of Regional Representative, passes through ground
The stringification of data is shaken, seismic waveform is changed in the form of character string, can more accurately protrude different ground
Shake wave character.Then demarcation is shaken by well and determines the position of reservoir purpose of horizon and its combination of character string, by the word
Symbol string combination carries out complete three-dimensional automatic tracing by seed point and certain window scope as recognition template.Should
Method can be finely by seismic wave characteristic textual, reservoir is quickly followed the trail of using the method for text matches.
Embodiment 3.A kind of reservoir method for automatic tracking based on seismic wave characteristic, first normalizes geological data,
Geological data is converted into character string according to certain interval division, the character string of interval of interest is obtained by composite seismogram calibration
Feature, the feature of target reservoir is protruded by the scope and corresponding character string combinations that adjust various amplitude value.Secondly, by mesh
Integrated mode of the character string feature of Reservoir Section as the character string sequence being tracked is marked, is determined after shaking composite calibration by well
Character string feature corresponding to the reservoir.Finally, seed point is selected based on the target reservoir by mouse, and applies the character string
Pattern carries out complete three-dimensional matching, and examines tracking result, if be unsatisfied with to tracking result, deletes dissatisfied part and presses
Seed point is reselected according to previous step to continue to follow the trail of, until finally giving satisfied tracking effect, specifically using following steps：
Geological data normalizes, and determines the area division scheme of seismic waveform；
By composite seismogram calibration, the character string mode of target reservoir section is determined
The matching of seed point is carried out using the character string mode
Window and step-length when adjusting the tracking of seed point, carry out complete three-dimensional reservoir tracing.
By multiple iterated revision (including adjustment character string mode, seed point location, when window etc.) with tracking, it is final
To satisfied result.
Embodiment 4.A kind of reservoir method for automatic tracking based on seismic wave characteristic, specific implementation step are as follows：
By defining the character string conversion method (Fig. 2) of geological data, after geological data is normalized and according to certain
Character string corresponding relation is changed, and each character represents the geological data (Fig. 3) after a kind of color can be changed.
Composite seismogram calibration is shaken by well, determines that earthquake character string mode Fig. 4 of target reservoir is synthesized after being demarcated for well shake
Record and the display comparison after geological data hand over word string.
According to resulting character string mode, by the window scope, tracking step-length and maximum connection spacing that set tracking
Etc. parameter (Fig. 5).The point near purpose reservoir is selected to be matched one by one to seismic channel around, if matching as seed point
Layer site of the target point as identification, matches the tracking until completing full three-dimensional data successively corresponding to success Ze Jianggai roads.
(4) result after tracking is evaluated, can be deleted for the reservoir for not meeting understanding, readjust word
String pattern and trace parameters are accorded with, carry out match tracing again.After multiple tracking iteration, one can be obtained and preferably chased after
Track result.Fig. 5 is the automatic tracing effect for river channel sand reservoir, and the master to strong amplitude characteristic is not only able to by this method
River course is tracked, and can also identify that the weak amplitude characteristic of non-main stem is tracked.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of reservoir method for automatic tracking based on seismic wave characteristic, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Step 1：The processing of formation seismic data characterization
The geological data of loading is normalized, the regional extent of seismic amplitude values is defined and assigns one for each regional extent
Character, seismic wave characteristic is converted into certain character string；
Step 2：According to character string conversion method in step 1, window model when target reservoir is corresponded into earthquake is demarcated when being shaken by well deeply
Character string mode of the character string sequence as the reservoir in enclosing；
Step 3：The automatic tracing of target reservoir is realized using the matching of character string mode progress seed point.
A kind of 2. reservoir method for automatic tracking based on seismic wave characteristic as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step
In rapid 1, in the regional extent of seismic amplitude values, several regions, each Regional Representative one are arbitrarily divided into as needed
Character, and certain color is assigned to the character.
A kind of 3. reservoir method for automatic tracking based on seismic wave characteristic as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step
In rapid 2, the specific method of the character string combinations of spotting reservoir is：
By AC curve plotting composite traces of logging well, composite traces data are turned according to character string conversion method in step 1
Change；
The seismic channel for crossing well is carried out to the conversion of character string also according to character string conversion method in step 1.
Corrected deeply when being carried out with reference to lithology data and the match condition of composite traces, and obtain the character string group of reservoir interval of interest
Syntype.
A kind of 4. reservoir method for automatic tracking based on seismic wave characteristic as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step
In 3, the matching of seed point is three-dimensional match tracing, and specific method is：According to resulting character string mode, by it is certain when
Window range set automatic tracing parameter, select purpose reservoir starting point, seismic channel around is matched one by one, if match into
Layer site of the pattern target point corresponding to Gong Zejianggai roads as identification, matches the tracking until completing full three-dimensional data successively.
A kind of 5. reservoir method for automatic tracking based on seismic wave characteristic as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that：Setting
During automatic tracing parameter, regulation relevant parameter protrudes reservoir characteristic.
A kind of 6. reservoir method for automatic tracking based on seismic wave characteristic as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step
Comprising the concrete steps that in 3：
Step A：According to resulting character string mode and reservoir characteristic, automatic tracing parameter is set；
Step B：The point near purpose reservoir is selected as seed point, by setting certain window scope to obtain at seed point
Character string, the character string is matched with the character string mode that step 2 determines, the point is recorded if the match is successful, otherwise
Need to reselect seed point；
Step C：Along the co-ordination of seed point location, all around four direction moves a segment distance, using the point after movement as new
Seed point matched, repeat step B operation, follow the trail of iteration, until a little all carried out a matching operation after, if
The match is successful then records the point, terminates matching；
Can be by after the matching combination deletion of part if following the trail of the undesirable situation in result part, repeat step A-C operations, tracking changes
Generation, untill final matching result with actual coincide.
A kind of 7. reservoir method for automatic tracking based on seismic wave characteristic as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that：It is described
Part matching result is deleted and referred to, modifying layer position is clicked on by mouse to the result after tracking, to not meeting understanding in stratum
Reservoir deleted.
A kind of 8. reservoir method for automatic tracking based on seismic wave characteristic as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that：Matching
During operation, fine match is carried out in the way of successive ignition.
A kind of 9. reservoir method for automatic tracking based on seismic wave characteristic as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that：It is described
The specific method that regulation relevant parameter protrudes reservoir characteristic is the window scope up and down for adjusting seed point, adjusts the step-length of tracking,
Adjust maximum tomography spacing.
A kind of 10. reservoir method for automatic tracking based on seismic wave characteristic as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step
After the completion of rapid 3, in addition to merge the obtained layer position information followed the trail of by multiple character string modes and export the step of following the trail of result.
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