CN107733536B - Antenna calibration method and system, and calibration signal processor - Google Patents
Antenna calibration method and system, and calibration signal processor Download PDFInfo
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- CN107733536B CN107733536B CN201610656298.0A CN201610656298A CN107733536B CN 107733536 B CN107733536 B CN 107733536B CN 201610656298 A CN201610656298 A CN 201610656298A CN 107733536 B CN107733536 B CN 107733536B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an antenna calibration method and system and a calibration signal processor. The method comprises the following steps: generating an original calibration sequence according to the configuration of the calibration waveform; performing frequency domain mapping on the original calibration sequence according to the calibration waveform configuration, and generating a time domain calibration sequence symbol; sending a time domain calibration sequence symbol so as to calibrate a radio frequency channel; when a calibration sequence is received, acquiring a radio frequency channel calibration factor by using the received calibration sequence and an original calibration sequence; and sending the radio frequency channel calibration factor to the baseband signal processor so that the baseband signal processor performs baseband compensation by using the radio frequency channel calibration factor. The invention utilizes the characteristics of wide transmission bandwidth, more frequency domain carriers and simple frequency domain channel estimation in the OFDM system and the FBMC system to send the calibration sequences on different radio frequency channels by adopting a frequency division mode.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of communications, and in particular, to an antenna calibration method and system, and a calibration signal processor.
Background
The large-scale antenna technology (Massive MIMO) forms space narrow beam forming through a large number of antennas, and the space dimensionality is fully utilized to obtain multi-user multiplexing gain, so that the frequency spectrum efficiency and capacity of a cell can be effectively improved. The large-scale antenna technology is one of the key technologies for future communication system research, and related research work has been started in the 3GPP standard organization at present. The antenna calibration is a key technology in the application of large-scale antenna technology, and because each radio frequency transceiving channel in the antenna array has difference, and the difference changes along with factors such as time, temperature, channel level and the like, amplitude and phase difference among the radio frequency channels need to be detected through the antenna calibration, and the difference among the channels needs to be compensated in beam forming through baseband processing, so that the beam forming accuracy is improved, and the system performance is improved.
In the existing LTE system, the number of radio frequency channels is at most 8 ports, so the antenna calibration period is relatively short, while the number of radio frequencies of a large-scale antenna is increased from 8 channels of the current antenna to more than 64 channels, and the number of radio frequency channels is increased by more than 8 times. In order to shorten the calibration time, a plurality of channels are required to simultaneously transmit calibration sequences for calibration in the calibration process, and the radio frequency channel transmission calibration sequences at the moment are transmitted by adopting orthogonal sequences, so that the channel estimation can accurately estimate the channel of each radio frequency channel.
However, the method of performing calibration channel estimation by using the transmit orthogonal calibration sequence causes large interference of the calibration sequence between the transmit calibration channels, and the channel estimation algorithm needs to distinguish each radio frequency channel, which is high in complexity. Meanwhile, a future 5G system will be a wireless communication system with multiple air interface waveforms coexisting, and there is no relevant scheme for how to generate a calibration sequence and how to calibrate under the multiple air interface waveforms.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above technical problems, the present invention provides an antenna calibration method and system, and a calibration signal processor, which transmit calibration sequences on different radio frequency channels in a frequency division manner, so as to reduce the problem of interference between calibration sequences in the calibration process of the transmitted radio frequency channels.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an antenna calibration method, including:
generating an original calibration sequence according to the configuration of the calibration waveform;
performing frequency domain mapping on the original calibration sequence according to the calibration waveform configuration, and generating a time domain calibration sequence symbol;
sending a time domain calibration sequence symbol so as to calibrate a radio frequency channel;
when a calibration sequence is received, acquiring a radio frequency channel calibration factor by using the received calibration sequence and an original calibration sequence;
and sending the radio frequency channel calibration factor to the baseband signal processor so that the baseband signal processor performs baseband compensation by using the radio frequency channel calibration factor.
In an embodiment of the present invention, in the calibration mode of the radio frequency transmission channel, the frequency-domain mapping the original calibration sequence according to the calibration waveform configuration and generating the time-domain calibration sequence symbol include:
according to the calibration waveform configuration, performing frequency domain mapping on an original calibration sequence of each radio frequency channel in a group, and generating a time domain calibration sequence symbol; and grouping the radio frequency channels according to a frequency domain orthogonal principle, wherein one group of radio frequency channels are calibrated simultaneously in one calibration period, and different groups of calibration sequences are calibrated in different calibration periods.
In an embodiment of the present invention, in the calibration mode of the radio frequency receiving channel, the frequency-domain mapping the original calibration sequence according to the calibration waveform configuration and generating the time-domain calibration sequence symbol include:
and performing frequency domain mapping on the original calibration sequence of the calibration channel according to the calibration waveform configuration, and generating a time domain calibration sequence symbol.
In an embodiment of the present invention, in the radio frequency transmission channel calibration mode, the transmitting the time domain calibration sequence symbol includes:
and sending the time domain calibration sequence symbol and the radio frequency channel sending calibration sequence to the baseband signal processor, so that the baseband signal processor sends the time domain calibration sequence symbol through the radio frequency channel according to the radio frequency channel sending calibration sequence.
In an embodiment of the present invention, in the radio frequency receiving channel calibration mode, the sending the time domain calibration sequence symbol includes:
the time domain calibration sequence symbols are transmitted over the calibration channel.
In an embodiment of the present invention, in the calibration mode of the radio frequency transmission channel, when the calibration sequence is received, the obtaining the calibration factor of the radio frequency channel by using the received calibration sequence and the original calibration sequence includes:
when a calibration sequence is received from the calibration channel, channel estimation is performed using the received calibration sequence and the original calibration sequence.
In an embodiment of the present invention, in the calibration mode of the radio frequency receiving channel, the obtaining the calibration factor of the radio frequency channel by using the received calibration sequence and the original calibration sequence when the calibration sequence is received includes:
when the calibration sequence is received from the baseband signal processor, channel estimation is performed using the received calibration sequence and the original calibration sequence.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the obtaining the calibration factor of the radio frequency channel by using the received calibration sequence and the original calibration sequence includes:
performing channel estimation by using the received calibration sequence and the original calibration sequence, thereby obtaining the impact response of the current radio frequency channel;
calculating the current channel response mean value of the radio frequency channel by using the current radio frequency channel impact response;
and calculating the calibration factor of the radio frequency channel according to the current channel response average value of the radio frequency channel.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the generating an original calibration sequence according to the calibration waveform configuration comprises:
sequentially selecting different air interface waveforms to carry out antenna calibration according to the calibration waveform configuration and the control instruction;
and determining the calibration sequence length and the calibration period of the original calibration sequence according to the type and the parameters of the air interface waveform to be calibrated, and generating the original calibration sequence.
In one embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises:
and after one calibration period is finished, carrying out cyclic shift on the mapping position of the calibration sequence in the next receiving calibration period.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a calibration signal processor, including a calibration sequence generating module, a calibration sequence mapping module, a calibration sequence transmitting module, a calibration factor obtaining module, and a calibration factor transmitting module, wherein:
the calibration sequence generation module is used for generating an original calibration sequence according to the calibration waveform configuration;
the calibration sequence mapping module is used for carrying out frequency domain mapping on the original calibration sequence according to the calibration waveform configuration and generating a time domain calibration sequence symbol;
the calibration sequence sending module is used for sending a time domain calibration sequence symbol so as to calibrate a radio frequency channel;
the calibration factor acquisition module is used for acquiring a radio frequency channel calibration factor by using the received calibration sequence and the original calibration sequence when the calibration sequence is received;
and the calibration factor sending module is used for sending the radio frequency channel calibration factor to the baseband signal processor so that the baseband signal processor can carry out baseband compensation by using the radio frequency channel calibration factor.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the calibration sequence mapping module is configured to perform frequency domain mapping on an original calibration sequence of each radio frequency channel in a group according to a calibration waveform configuration in a radio frequency transmission channel calibration mode, and generate a time domain calibration sequence symbol; and grouping the radio frequency channels according to a frequency domain orthogonal principle, wherein one group of radio frequency channels are calibrated simultaneously in one calibration period, and different groups of calibration sequences are calibrated in different calibration periods.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the calibration sequence transmitting module is configured to transmit the time-domain calibration sequence symbol and the radio frequency channel transmission calibration sequence to the baseband signal processor in the radio frequency transmission channel calibration mode, so that the baseband signal processor transmits the time-domain calibration sequence symbol through the radio frequency channel according to the radio frequency channel transmission calibration sequence.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the calibration factor obtaining module is configured to, in a radio frequency transmission channel calibration mode, perform channel estimation by using a received calibration sequence and an original calibration sequence when the calibration sequence is received from a calibration channel.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the calibration sequence mapping module is configured to perform frequency domain mapping on an original calibration sequence of the calibration channel according to the calibration waveform configuration in a radio frequency receiving channel calibration mode, and generate a time domain calibration sequence symbol.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the calibration sequence sending module is configured to send the time-domain calibration sequence symbol through the calibration channel in the radio frequency receiving channel calibration mode.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the calibration factor obtaining module is configured to, in a radio frequency receiving channel calibration mode, perform channel estimation by using a received calibration sequence and an original calibration sequence when the calibration sequence is received from the baseband signal processor.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the calibration factor obtaining module includes a channel estimation unit, a response mean obtaining unit, and a calibration factor obtaining unit, where:
the channel estimation unit is used for carrying out channel estimation by utilizing the received calibration sequence and the original calibration sequence so as to obtain the impact response of the current radio frequency channel;
the response mean value acquiring unit is used for calculating the current channel response mean value of the radio frequency channel by using the current radio frequency channel impact response;
and the calibration factor acquisition unit is used for calculating the calibration factor of the radio frequency channel according to the current channel response average value of the radio frequency channel.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the calibration sequence generating module includes an air interface waveform determining unit and a calibration sequence generating unit, where:
the air interface waveform determining unit is used for sequentially selecting different air interface waveforms to carry out antenna calibration according to the calibration waveform configuration and the control instruction;
and the calibration sequence generating unit is used for determining the calibration sequence length and the calibration period of the original calibration sequence according to the type and the parameters of the air interface waveform to be calibrated, and generating the original calibration sequence.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the calibration sequence mapping module is further configured to perform cyclic shift on the calibration sequence mapping position in the next receiving calibration period after one calibration period is ended.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an antenna calibration system comprising a baseband signal processor and a calibration signal processor as described in any of the above embodiments.
The invention utilizes the characteristics of wide transmission bandwidth, more Frequency domain carriers and simple Frequency domain channel estimation in an OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) system and an FBMC (filter bank multi-carrier) system to transmit calibration sequences on different radio Frequency channels by adopting a Frequency Division mode.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an antenna calibration system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a system architecture diagram of a second embodiment of the antenna calibration system of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a calibration signal processor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a calibration sequence generation module according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a calibration factor obtaining module according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating an antenna calibration method according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating calibration of a radio frequency transmission channel according to a second embodiment of the antenna calibration method of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating calibration of an rf receiving channel according to a third embodiment of the antenna calibration method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The relative arrangement of the components and steps, the numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless specifically stated otherwise.
Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective portions shown in the drawings are not drawn in an actual proportional relationship for the convenience of description.
Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate.
In all examples shown and discussed herein, any particular value should be construed as merely illustrative, and not limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, further discussion thereof is not required in subsequent figures.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an antenna calibration system according to a first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a system architecture diagram of a second embodiment of the antenna calibration system of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the antenna calibration system of the present invention includes a calibration signal processor 100 and a baseband signal processor 200, wherein:
a calibration signal processor 100 for generating an original calibration sequence according to a calibration waveform configuration; performing frequency domain mapping on the original calibration sequence according to the calibration waveform configuration, and generating a time domain calibration sequence symbol; sending a time domain calibration sequence symbol so as to calibrate a radio frequency channel; when a calibration sequence is received, acquiring a radio frequency channel calibration factor by using the received calibration sequence and an original calibration sequence; the radio frequency channel calibration factor is sent to the baseband signal processor 100.
And a baseband signal processor 200 for performing baseband compensation using the radio frequency channel calibration factor.
Based on the antenna calibration system provided in the above embodiment of the present invention, in order to solve the problem that the conventional antenna calibration system adopts an orthogonal calibration sequence to perform multi-channel radio frequency calibration and does not support multiple air interface waveforms, the method supports automatic generation of a large-scale antenna radio frequency channel calibration sequence according to different configured air interface waveform parameters by configuring calibration parameters, and completes calibration sequence frequency domain mapping according to the air interface waveform parameters.
In an embodiment of the present invention, in the radio frequency transmission channel calibration mode, the calibration signal processor 100 may further be configured to transmit the time domain calibration sequence symbols, the radio frequency channel transmission calibration order to the baseband signal processor 200. The baseband signal processor 200 may further be configured to send the original calibration sequence through the radio frequency channel according to the calibration sequence sent by the radio frequency channel after receiving the original calibration sequence provided by the calibration signal processor and the calibration sequence sent by the radio frequency channel.
In an embodiment of the present invention, in the radio frequency receiving channel calibration mode, the calibration sequence transmitting module 130 may further be configured to transmit the time domain calibration sequence symbols through the calibration channel. The baseband signal processor 200 may also be used to send calibration sequences received from the radio frequency channel to the calibration signal processor 100.
The structure and function of the calibration signal processor 100 in the above embodiments of the present invention are further described below by specific embodiments.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a calibration signal processor according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, the calibration signal processor 100 in the embodiment of fig. 1 or fig. 2 may include a calibration sequence generating module 110, a calibration sequence mapping module 120, a calibration sequence transmitting module 130, a calibration factor obtaining module 140, and a calibration factor transmitting module 150, where:
a calibration sequence generation module 110, configured to generate an original calibration sequence according to the calibration waveform configuration.
A calibration sequence mapping module 120, configured to perform frequency domain mapping on the original calibration sequence according to the calibration waveform configuration, and generate a time domain calibration sequence symbol.
A calibration sequence transmitting module 130, configured to transmit the time domain calibration sequence symbols so as to calibrate the radio frequency channel.
A calibration factor obtaining module 140, configured to, when the calibration sequence is received, obtain a radio frequency channel calibration factor by using the received calibration sequence and the original calibration sequence.
And a calibration factor sending module 150, configured to send the rf channel calibration factor to the baseband signal processor, so that the baseband signal processor performs baseband compensation by using the rf channel calibration factor.
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a calibration sequence generation module according to an embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 4, the calibration sequence generating module 110 in the embodiment of fig. 3 may include an air interface waveform determining unit 111 and a calibration sequence generating unit 112, where:
an air interface waveform determining unit 111, configured to sequentially select different air interface waveforms to perform antenna calibration according to the calibration waveform configuration and the control instruction.
A calibration sequence generating unit 112, configured to determine a calibration sequence length and a calibration period of an original calibration sequence according to the type and parameters of the air interface waveform to be calibrated, and generate the original calibration sequence.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the calibration sequence generating module 110 may be specifically configured to control a calibration period and a calibration waveform, and determine a calibration sequence of the calibration waveform, send the calibration period, and receive parameters such as the calibration period according to a calibration waveform parameter table shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
In an embodiment of the invention, the calibration sequence generating module 110 may be configured to generate the calibration sequence according to the carrier number K in the calibration waveform parameter table shown in table 1cPilot carrier spacing Δ KcAnd calibrating channel number KrAnd determining a calibration period. For example: the number of radio frequency channels for simultaneously transmitting and calibrating the calibration waveform 1 is the pilot carrier spacing delta Kc+1, then KrDividing 64 RF channels into 11 groups for calibration, and according to the calibrated transmit-receive sub-frame interval of 20ms, the transmit-receive calibration completion time of 64 RF channels is 11 × 20ms (calibration sent) +20ms (calibration received) — 240ms, and in the longest calibration period, a frequency division calibration method may be used. If the calibration period is longer than the longest calibration period, the calibration method of frequency division + code division is adopted.
With reference to the system architecture diagram of the antenna calibration system of the present invention shown in fig. 2, different functions and functions of the calibration sequence mapping module 120, the calibration sequence transmitting module 130, and the calibration factor obtaining module 140 in the rf transmitting channel calibration mode and the rf receiving channel calibration mode will be described below:
in a radio frequency transmit channel calibration mode:
the calibration sequence mapping module 120 may be specifically configured to perform frequency domain mapping on the original calibration sequence of each radio frequency channel in a group according to the calibration waveform configuration, and generate a time domain calibration sequence symbol; and grouping the radio frequency channels according to a frequency domain orthogonal principle, wherein one group of radio frequency channels are calibrated simultaneously in one calibration period, and different groups of calibration sequences are calibrated in different calibration periods.
The calibration sequence transmitting module 130 may be specifically configured to transmit the time domain calibration sequence symbol and the radio frequency channel transmission calibration sequence to the baseband signal processor 200, so that the baseband signal processor 200 transmits the time domain calibration sequence symbol through the radio frequency channel according to the radio frequency channel transmission calibration sequence.
The calibration factor obtaining module 140 may be specifically configured to, when a calibration sequence is received from a calibration channel, perform channel estimation by using the received calibration sequence and an original calibration sequence.
In a radio frequency receive channel calibration mode:
the calibration sequence mapping module 120 is configured to perform frequency domain mapping on the original calibration sequence of the calibration channel according to the calibration waveform configuration, and generate a time domain calibration sequence symbol.
The calibration sequence transmitting module 130 is configured to transmit the time-domain calibration sequence symbols through the calibration channel.
The calibration factor acquisition module 140 is configured to perform channel estimation using the received calibration sequence and the original calibration sequence when the calibration sequence is received from the baseband signal processor 200.
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a calibration factor obtaining module according to an embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 5, the calibration factor obtaining module 140 in the embodiment of fig. 3 may include a channel estimating unit 141, a response average obtaining unit 142, and a calibration factor obtaining unit 143, where:
and a channel estimation unit 141, configured to perform channel estimation using the received calibration sequence and the original calibration sequence, so as to obtain a current radio frequency channel impulse response.
The response average obtaining unit 142 is configured to calculate a current channel response average of the radio frequency channel by using the current radio frequency channel impulse response.
The calibration factor obtaining unit 143 is configured to calculate a calibration factor of the radio frequency channel according to the current channel response average of the radio frequency channel.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the calibration sequence mapping module 120 may be further configured to perform a cyclic shift on the calibration sequence mapping position in a next receiving calibration period after one calibration period is ended.
Based on the calibration signal processor provided in the above embodiment of the present invention, calibration parameters are configured, a large-scale antenna radio frequency channel calibration sequence is automatically generated according to different configured null waveform parameters, and frequency domain mapping of the calibration sequence is completed according to the null waveform parameters. Grouping calibration is carried out aiming at large-scale antenna radio frequency channels, and a mode of dynamically and circularly sending calibration sequences in frequency domain aiming at different calibration channels in different calibration periods is adopted, so that the frequency domain radio frequency characteristics of each calibration channel can be traversed. The calibration method can reduce the mutual interference among calibration sequences of different calibration channels during large-scale antenna calibration, reduce the estimation complexity of a calibration receiving end channel, and simultaneously circularly send the calibration sequences in the frequency domain according to the calibration period to traverse the frequency domain performance of the whole radio frequency channel, so that the calculation of the calibration factor of the radio frequency channel is more stable and accurate, and the large-scale antenna calibration performance and the compensation effect of beam forming are improved. The above embodiments of the present invention can be applied to an LTE base station system using an OFDMA waveform and a base station system using an FBMC waveform.
Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating an antenna calibration method according to a first embodiment of the present invention. Preferably, this embodiment can be executed by the calibration signal processor of the above-described embodiment of the present invention. The method may comprise the steps of:
In one embodiment of the present invention, step 601 may include: sequentially selecting different air interface waveforms to carry out antenna calibration according to the calibration waveform configuration and the control instruction; and determining the calibration sequence length and the calibration period of the original calibration sequence according to the type and the parameters of the air interface waveform to be calibrated, and generating the original calibration sequence.
In an embodiment of the present invention, in the rf transmission channel calibration mode, step 602 may include: according to the calibration waveform configuration, performing frequency domain mapping on an original calibration sequence of each radio frequency channel in a group, and generating a time domain calibration sequence symbol; and grouping the radio frequency channels according to a frequency domain orthogonal principle, wherein one group of radio frequency channels are calibrated simultaneously in one calibration period, and different groups of calibration sequences are calibrated in different calibration periods.
In an embodiment of the present invention, in the rf receiving channel calibration mode, step 602 may include: and performing frequency domain mapping on the original calibration sequence of the calibration channel according to the calibration waveform configuration, and generating a time domain calibration sequence symbol.
In an embodiment of the present invention, in the radio frequency transmission channel calibration mode, step 603 may include: and sending the time domain calibration sequence symbol and the radio frequency channel sending calibration sequence to the baseband signal processor, so that the baseband signal processor sends the time domain calibration sequence symbol through the radio frequency channel according to the radio frequency channel sending calibration sequence.
In an embodiment of the present invention, in the radio frequency receiving channel calibration mode, step 603 may include: the time domain calibration sequence symbols are transmitted over the calibration channel.
In an embodiment of the present invention, in the rf transmission channel calibration mode, step 604 may include: when a calibration sequence is received from the calibration channel, channel estimation is performed using the received calibration sequence and the original calibration sequence.
In an embodiment of the present invention, in the rf receiving channel calibration mode, step 604 may include: when the calibration sequence is received from the baseband signal processor, channel estimation is performed using the received calibration sequence and the original calibration sequence.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the step of obtaining the calibration factor of the radio frequency channel by using the received calibration sequence and the original calibration sequence in step 604 may include:
and step 6041, performing channel estimation by using the received calibration sequence and the original calibration sequence, so as to obtain the current radio frequency channel impulse response.
Step 6042, calculate the current channel response mean of the rf channel using the current rf channel impulse response.
Step 6043, calculate a calibration factor of the radio frequency channel according to the current channel response mean value of the radio frequency channel.
In an embodiment of the present invention, after step 605, the method may further comprise: and after one calibration period is finished, in the next receiving calibration period, carrying out cyclic shift on the mapping position of the calibration sequence, ensuring that the channel information of each subcarrier position of each channel can be obtained, and carrying out calibration.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the method may further include: step 601-605 is repeated according to the calibration parameter configuration until all calibration waveforms are calibrated.
Based on the antenna calibration method provided by the above embodiment of the present invention, the characteristics of wide transmission bandwidth, a large number of frequency domain carriers, and simple frequency domain channel estimation in the OFDM system and the FBMC system are utilized, and the calibration sequences are transmitted on different radio frequency channels in a frequency division manner, so that the problem of interference between the calibration sequences in the calibration process of the radio frequency channel is reduced. Meanwhile, the method supports the generation of calibration sequences and calibration sequence mapping schemes aiming at different air interface waveforms by configuring air interface waveform parameters. Meanwhile, the calibration sequence is circularly sent in the frequency domain in different calibration periods, so that the frequency domain performance of the whole radio frequency channel can be traversed, the calculation of the calibration factor of the radio frequency channel is more stable and accurate, and the large-scale antenna calibration performance and the compensation effect of beam forming are improved. The method can be applied to an LTE base station system adopting OFDMA waveform and a base station system adopting FBMC waveform. .
The antenna calibration method of the present invention is further described below with respect to a calibration mode of a radio frequency transmission channel and a calibration mode of a radio frequency reception channel.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating calibration of a radio frequency transmission channel according to a second embodiment of the antenna calibration method of the present invention. Preferably, this embodiment can be performed by the antenna calibration system according to the above embodiment of the present invention. The method may comprise the steps of:
and step 701, sequentially selecting different air interface waveforms to carry out antenna calibration by the calibration signal processor according to the calibration waveform configuration and the control instruction.
The calibration sequence may be denoted as aqAnd (N), wherein N is 0,1, and N-1, and in order to avoid mutual interference between calibration sequences in the transmission calibration process of the base station radio frequency channel, a sequence with strong orthogonality should be selected as the calibration sequence.
In one embodiment of the invention, for example: for calibration waveform 1: number of carriers Kc1200, carrier spacing Δ KcWhen the value is 5, the length of the calibration sequence is 200; calibration channel Kr64, the radio frequency channels are spaced by Δ K according to the carriercThe 6 radio channels are grouped into one group, one group of radio channels is calibrated at the same time in one calibration period, and different groups of calibration sequences are calibrated in different calibration periods.
In one embodiment of the present invention, calibration sequence a is aligned for RF channel 1qAnd (N), wherein N is 0,1, 9, N-1, the subcarrier sequence number index is mapped to the position of 0,6,12, … … and 1194, and then the time domain calibration sequence is generated through FFT. For the radio frequency channel 2, the calibration sequence a isqAnd (N), wherein N is 0,1, 9, N-1, the positions of the subcarrier sequence numbers index 1,7,13, … … and 1195 are mapped, and the other calibration channels 3-6 are sequentially mapped after being shifted backward by one bit, and a time-domain calibration sequence symbol is generated.
In step 704, the calibration signal processor completes time-domain calibration symbol transmission for the calibration channels in a group within the calibration time.
In one embodiment of the present invention, step 704 may comprise: the calibration signal processor sends the time domain calibration sequence symbol and the radio frequency channel sending calibration sequence to the baseband signal processor, so that the baseband signal processor sends the time domain calibration sequence symbol through the radio frequency channel according to the radio frequency channel sending calibration sequence.
For example: using frequency domain channels in LTE systems (waveform 1)The estimation method estimates the impulse response of the radio frequency channel, for the calibration sequence aq(n) the subcarrier number mapped in the frequency domain is ncIn the sub-carrier ncThe upper calibration channel receives the calibration signal sent by the radio frequency channel as Yc(nc) Then the obtained frequency domain impulse response of the RF channel is
According to
Thereby calculating the carrier n of the radio frequency channelcAmplitude a (n) ofc) And phase theta (n)c)。
In one embodiment of the present invention, step 707 can include:
step 7071, calibrate the signal processor for the RF channel i at carrier ncPreserving recent NtSecondary channel response result, using NtAnd calculating the average value of the channel response according to the secondary channel response result, wherein i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M, and M is the total number of the radio frequency channels.
Mean amplitude response
And mean phase response
Step 7072, further calculate the channel response standard deviation, including the amplitude response standard deviation σ, using the mean valuea,iSum phase response standard deviation sigmaθ,iWherein:
step 7073, the calibration signal processor further responds with a latest amplitude response a for the RF channel ii,t+1And phase response thetai,t+1Computing
step 7074, set threshold Γσ＝|σa,i,t+1/σa,i-1| and Γθ＝|σθ,i,t+1/σθ,i-1| represents the latest amplitude ai,t+1And phase response thetai,t+1Stability when threshold gammaσOr gammaθGreater than a certain value (e.g. Γ)σ>30%) and σa,iAnd σθ,iIf the channel responses are stable (for example, less than 10%), it means that the channel response at this time is very different from the previous channel response, and belongs to an abrupt change of radio frequency response, and the channel response result at this time should be discarded; otherwise, the channel response result is effective, the average value of the channel response is updated, and a new average value of the channel response is calculated.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the method further comprises: meanwhile, factory calibration coefficients of the large-scale antenna are stored, and when the dynamic calibration process is not completed, the factory calibration coefficients can be adopted for radio frequency channel compensation.
For example: for the antenna array with the calibration waveform 1 and the number of the radio frequency channels being 64, the compensation factor of the radio frequency channels for factory calibration is as follows: amplitude aiI is 1, … …, 64; phase positioni，i＝1,……,64。
And 709, after the calibration of the radio frequency channels in the same group is completed, performing the calibration of the next group of radio frequency channels in the next calibration time slot until all the calibration of the radio frequency channels in each group is completed.
In one particular embodiment, for example: for calibration waveform 1: the number of calibration channels is 64, and 6 radio frequency channels are divided into one group, and the total number of the groups is 11. Assuming that the calibration time slot is 20ms once, the calibration period of the calibration waveform 1 is 220ms, if all the 6 sets of radio frequency channels require 11 × 20 to 220ms after calibration is completed.
In one particular embodiment, for example: for calibration waveform 1: after the calibration of 64 radio frequency channels in the first calibration period is completed, aiming at the radio frequency channel 1, the calibration sequence a is carried outq(N), N-0, 1.., N-1, maps to the location of radio channel 2 in the last cycle, the calibration sequence of radio channel 2 maps to the location of radio channel 3, and the calibration sequence of radio channel 6 maps to the location of radio channel 1.
The steps 701-710 are repeated according to the calibration parameter configuration until all calibration waveforms are calibrated.
The above embodiment of the present invention may generate calibration sequences for different air interface waveform configurations, and complete the mapping of the calibration sequences in the frequency domain subcarriers, thereby generating different time domain calibration sequences for different radio frequency channels; in the calibration process of the radio frequency transmission channel, the embodiments of the present invention divide the radio frequency channels whose calibration sequence mapping frequency domains are orthogonal into a group, the radio frequency channels in the same group are calibrated in one calibration time slot, and the radio frequency channels in different groups are calibrated in the next calibration time slot until all the radio frequency channels are calibrated; in the above embodiment of the present invention, the calibration sequence is cyclically mapped in the frequency domains of different rf channels in different calibration periods, so that the calibration signal processor can obtain the channel information of the transceiver channel of the rf channel in the whole bandwidth of the frequency band.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating calibration of an rf receiving channel according to a third embodiment of the antenna calibration method of the present invention. Preferably, this embodiment can be performed by the antenna calibration system according to the above embodiment of the present invention. The method may comprise the steps of:
In one embodiment of the present invention, the calibration sequence a is aligned for the calibration channelqAnd (N), wherein N is 0,1, 9, N-1, the subcarrier sequence number index is mapped to the position of 0,6,12, … … and 1194, and then the time domain calibration sequence is generated through FFT.
In step 804, the calibration signal processor completes time-domain calibration symbol transmission to the calibration channel at the receiving calibration time. The calibration channel transmits a calibration sequence and the radio frequency channel receives a calibration sequence signal through the coupler.
In step 805, the calibration signal processor receives the calibration sequence signal received by the rf channel through the baseband signal processor.
In step 806, the calibration signal processor performs channel estimation according to the calibration sequence signal received by the received rf channel and the original calibration sequence information to obtain the rf transmit channel response.
In step 807, the calibration signal processor calculates the standard deviation of the channel impulse response and filters out the abnormal impulse response.
In one embodiment of the present invention, step 807 may comprise: the calibration signal processor preserves the nearest N for the radio frequency channel irThe response result of the secondary receiving channel and the latest amplitude and phase response a of the radio frequency channel i sent by the newly received calibration coefficient calculation modulei,t+1And thetai,t+1Evaluating the current calibration result, wherein the evaluation process is consistent with the sending calibration process, referring to the step 707 of the sending calibration process, and finally determining whether the current channel response result is valid or notIf the channel response mean value is valid, updating the channel response mean value, and calculating a new channel response mean value, otherwise, discarding the estimation result.
In one particular embodiment, for example: for the calibration channel, the calibration sequence aq(N), N-0, 1., N-1, mapping to subcarrier index 0,6,12, … …,1194 position, next receive calibration, calibration sequence aq(n) maps to subcarrier index 1,7,13, … …,1195 positions.
And repeating the steps 801 and 809 according to the calibration parameter configuration until all calibration waveforms are calibrated.
Aiming at the condition that the existing antenna calibration system adopts an orthogonal calibration sequence to carry out multichannel radio frequency calibration and does not support various air interface waveforms, the embodiment of the invention supports the automatic generation of large-scale antenna radio frequency channel calibration sequences according to different configured air interface waveform parameters by configuring calibration parameters, and completes the frequency domain mapping of the calibration sequences according to the air interface waveform parameters.
Grouping calibration is carried out aiming at large-scale antenna radio frequency channels, and a mode of dynamically and circularly sending calibration sequences in frequency domain aiming at different calibration channels in different calibration periods is adopted, so that the frequency domain radio frequency characteristics of each calibration channel can be traversed.
The calibration method of the embodiment of the invention can reduce the mutual interference among the calibration sequences of different calibration channels during the calibration of the large-scale antenna, reduce the estimation complexity of the calibration receiving end channel, and simultaneously circularly send the calibration sequences in the frequency domain according to the calibration period to traverse the frequency domain performance of the whole radio frequency channel, so that the calculation of the calibration factor of the radio frequency channel is more stable and accurate, thereby improving the calibration performance of the large-scale antenna and the compensation effect of beam forming.
The functional units described above, such as the calibration sequence generation module 110, the calibration sequence mapping module 120, the calibration sequence transmission module 130, the calibration factor acquisition module 140, the calibration factor transmission module 150, etc., may be implemented as a general purpose processor, a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any suitable combination thereof, for performing the functions described herein.
Thus far, the present invention has been described in detail. Some details well known in the art have not been described in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the present invention. It will be fully apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description how to practice the presently disclosed embodiments.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the steps for implementing the above embodiments may be implemented by hardware, or may be implemented by a program instructing relevant hardware, where the program may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and the above-mentioned storage medium may be a read-only memory, a magnetic disk or an optical disk, etc.
The description of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to practitioners skilled in this art. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.
Claims (11)
1. An antenna calibration method, comprising:
generating an original calibration sequence according to the configuration of the calibration waveform;
performing frequency domain mapping on the original calibration sequence according to the calibration waveform configuration, and generating a time domain calibration sequence symbol;
sending a time domain calibration sequence symbol so as to calibrate a radio frequency channel;
when a calibration sequence is received, acquiring a radio frequency channel calibration factor by using the received calibration sequence and an original calibration sequence;
sending the radio frequency channel calibration factor to a baseband signal processor so that the baseband signal processor can perform baseband compensation by using the radio frequency channel calibration factor;
wherein the antenna calibration method further comprises:
grouping radio frequency channels according to a frequency domain orthogonal principle, wherein one group of radio frequency channels are calibrated simultaneously in one calibration period, and different groups of radio frequency channels are calibrated in different calibration periods;
wherein the generating an original calibration sequence according to the calibration waveform configuration comprises:
sequentially selecting different air interface waveforms to carry out antenna calibration according to the calibration waveform configuration and the control instruction;
determining the calibration sequence length and the calibration period of an original calibration sequence according to the category and the parameters of an air interface waveform to be calibrated, and generating the original calibration sequence;
in the calibration mode of the radio frequency receiving channel, the frequency domain mapping the original calibration sequence according to the calibration waveform configuration and generating a time domain calibration sequence symbol includes:
performing frequency domain mapping on an original calibration sequence of the calibration channel according to the calibration waveform configuration, and generating a time domain calibration sequence symbol;
in the calibration mode of the radio frequency receiving channel, when the calibration sequence is received, acquiring a calibration factor of the radio frequency channel by using the received calibration sequence and the original calibration sequence includes:
when a calibration sequence is received from a baseband signal processor, performing channel estimation by using the received calibration sequence and an original calibration sequence;
wherein, in the calibration mode of the radio frequency receiving channel, the sending the time domain calibration sequence symbol includes:
the time domain calibration sequence symbols are transmitted over the calibration channel.
2. The method of claim 1,
in the calibration mode of the radio frequency transmission channel, the performing frequency domain mapping on the original calibration sequence according to the calibration waveform configuration and generating a time domain calibration sequence symbol includes:
and according to the calibration waveform configuration, performing frequency domain mapping on the original calibration sequence of each radio frequency channel in the group, and generating a time domain calibration sequence symbol.
3. The method of claim 1,
in the calibration mode of the radio frequency transmission channel, the transmitting the time domain calibration sequence symbol includes:
and sending the time domain calibration sequence symbol and the radio frequency channel sending calibration sequence to the baseband signal processor, so that the baseband signal processor sends the time domain calibration sequence symbol through the radio frequency channel according to the radio frequency channel sending calibration sequence.
4. The method of claim 1,
in the calibration mode of the radio frequency transmission channel, when the calibration sequence is received, acquiring a calibration factor of the radio frequency channel by using the received calibration sequence and the original calibration sequence includes:
when a calibration sequence is received from the calibration channel, channel estimation is performed using the received calibration sequence and the original calibration sequence.
5. The method according to any of claims 1-4, wherein the obtaining the radio frequency channel calibration factor using the received calibration sequence and the original calibration sequence comprises:
performing channel estimation by using the received calibration sequence and the original calibration sequence, thereby obtaining the impact response of the current radio frequency channel;
calculating the current channel response mean value of the radio frequency channel by using the current radio frequency channel impact response;
and calculating the calibration factor of the radio frequency channel according to the current channel response average value of the radio frequency channel.
6. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, further comprising:
and after one calibration period is finished, carrying out cyclic shift on the mapping position of the calibration sequence in the next receiving calibration period.
7. A calibration signal processor is characterized by comprising a calibration sequence generation module, a calibration sequence mapping module, a calibration sequence sending module, a calibration factor acquisition module and a calibration factor sending module, wherein:
the calibration sequence generation module is used for generating an original calibration sequence according to the calibration waveform configuration;
the calibration sequence mapping module is used for carrying out frequency domain mapping on the original calibration sequence according to the calibration waveform configuration and generating a time domain calibration sequence symbol;
the calibration sequence sending module is used for sending a time domain calibration sequence symbol so as to calibrate a radio frequency channel;
the calibration factor acquisition module is used for acquiring a radio frequency channel calibration factor by using the received calibration sequence and the original calibration sequence when the calibration sequence is received;
the calibration factor sending module is used for sending the radio frequency channel calibration factor to the baseband signal processor so that the baseband signal processor can carry out baseband compensation by using the radio frequency channel calibration factor;
the calibration sequence mapping module is used for grouping the radio frequency channels according to a frequency domain orthogonal principle, wherein one group of radio frequency channels are calibrated simultaneously in one calibration period, and different groups of calibration sequences are calibrated in different calibration periods;
the calibration sequence mapping module is used for performing frequency domain mapping on an original calibration sequence of a calibration channel according to calibration waveform configuration in a radio frequency receiving channel calibration mode and generating a time domain calibration sequence symbol;
the calibration sequence sending module is used for sending a time domain calibration sequence symbol through a calibration channel in a radio frequency receiving channel calibration mode;
the calibration factor acquisition module is used for performing channel estimation by using a received calibration sequence and an original calibration sequence when the calibration sequence is received from the baseband signal processor in a radio frequency receiving channel calibration mode;
the calibration sequence generation module comprises an air interface waveform determination unit and a calibration sequence generation unit, wherein:
the air interface waveform determining unit is used for sequentially selecting different air interface waveforms to carry out antenna calibration according to the calibration waveform configuration and the control instruction;
and the calibration sequence generating unit is used for determining the calibration sequence length and the calibration period of the original calibration sequence according to the type and the parameters of the air interface waveform to be calibrated, and generating the original calibration sequence.
8. The calibration signal processor of claim 7,
the calibration sequence mapping module is used for performing frequency domain mapping on an original calibration sequence of each radio frequency channel in a group according to calibration waveform configuration in a radio frequency transmission channel calibration mode and generating a time domain calibration sequence symbol;
the calibration sequence sending module is used for sending the time domain calibration sequence symbols and the radio frequency channel sending calibration sequence to the baseband signal processor under the radio frequency sending channel calibration mode, so that the baseband signal processor sends the calibration sequence according to the radio frequency channel and sends the time domain calibration sequence symbols through the radio frequency channel;
the calibration factor acquisition module is used for performing channel estimation by using the received calibration sequence and the original calibration sequence when the calibration sequence is received from the calibration channel in a radio frequency transmission channel calibration mode.
9. The calibration signal processor of claim 7 or 8, wherein the calibration factor obtaining module comprises a channel estimation unit, a response mean value obtaining unit and a calibration factor obtaining unit, wherein:
the channel estimation unit is used for carrying out channel estimation by utilizing the received calibration sequence and the original calibration sequence so as to obtain the impact response of the current radio frequency channel;
the response mean value acquiring unit is used for calculating the current channel response mean value of the radio frequency channel by using the current radio frequency channel impact response;
and the calibration factor acquisition unit is used for calculating the calibration factor of the radio frequency channel according to the current channel response average value of the radio frequency channel.
10. Calibration signal processor according to claim 7 or 8,
the calibration sequence mapping module is further configured to perform cyclic shift on the calibration sequence mapping position in the next receiving calibration period after one calibration period is finished.
11. An antenna calibration system comprising a baseband signal processor and a calibration signal processor according to any of claims 7-10.
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| CN111245529B (en) * | 2020-04-09 | 2020-07-31 | 成都坤恒顺维科技股份有限公司 | Phase calibration method of digital phased array antenna and phased array antenna |
| CN114079517B (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2024-01-26 | 北京佰才邦技术股份有限公司 | Antenna calibration method, device and control equipment |
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