CN107728130B - Multi-channel wide-amplitude synthetic aperture laser imaging radar transmitting and receiving system - Google Patents
Multi-channel wide-amplitude synthetic aperture laser imaging radar transmitting and receiving system Download PDFInfo
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- CN107728130B CN107728130B CN201710828948.XA CN201710828948A CN107728130B CN 107728130 B CN107728130 B CN 107728130B CN 201710828948 A CN201710828948 A CN 201710828948A CN 107728130 B CN107728130 B CN 107728130B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
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- G01S7/4811—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements common to transmitter and receiver
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Abstract
A multi-channel wide-amplitude synthetic aperture laser imaging radar transmitting and receiving system comprises a laser source, a frequency modulator, an arbitrary waveform generator, an optical fiber beam splitter, an optical fiber amplifier group, an optical fiber array, a lens, a first beam splitter and a Brewster prism beam reducer, and a receiving system comprises a second beam splitter, a receiving lens, an array detector, a collecting card and a computer. The invention increases the amplitude of the optical toes and the imaging strips of the target surface in a multi-input multi-output mode, and has very important significance for the long-distance high-resolution airborne synthetic aperture laser imaging radar.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a synthetic aperture laser imaging radar, in particular to a multichannel wide-amplitude synthetic aperture laser imaging radar transmitting and receiving system, which has very important significance for an airborne synthetic aperture laser imaging radar with long distance, high resolution and wide amplitude.
Background
Synthetic Aperture laser Imaging Radar (SAIL) is the only optical Imaging observation means capable of obtaining centimeter-level Imaging resolution at a long distance, and the principle is based on the Synthetic Aperture laser Radar (SAR) principle in the radio frequency field, compared with the microwave wavelength, the wavelength of light is 3-6 orders of magnitude smaller, which brings about that the resolution of SAIL is 3-6 orders of magnitude higher than SAR, and simultaneously, the problem that the visual field is 2-5 orders of magnitude smaller is directly brought about. The maximum imaging field of view of the currently realized onboard SAIL at home and abroad is 4.8mrad, which is much smaller than the field of view of SAR and CCD cameras (Luzhiyong, Zhouyang, Sunjun, Koelreuterian, Wang Li Juan, Qian, Li guan, Zhang Guo, Liuli people).
In the prior art (Yu Tang, Bao Qin, Yun Yan, and Mengdao Xing, "Multiple-input Multiple-output synthesis lag system for with-wave with high-level resolution," appl. Opt.55,1401-1405(2016)), an azimuth-oriented Multiple-input Multiple-output SAL system is proposed, and the contradiction between azimuth high resolution and distance-oriented mapping bandwidth is solved by using azimuth-oriented multi-channel data synthesis. However, this scheme does not provide a transceiver for multiple-shot synthetic aperture lidar and does not consider the effect of the duty ratio between the cladding and the core of the transmitting fiber in the transmit optical path on far-field imaging.
In the SAIL emitting device with multiple transmitting and multiple receiving, a plurality of light beams are emitted simultaneously and used as an emitting light path of the SAIL with multiple transmitting and multiple receiving, and emitted light is output through an optical fiber. If the emitting fibers of the multiple-emitting and multiple-receiving SAIL are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the forward direction, the target surface is not fully illuminated in the cross-track direction due to the existence of the fiber cladding, and when the SAIL is scanned in a strip in the forward direction, the image is only a discrete local picture of each object.
In view of the above problems, we have developed a research on a multi-channel wide-amplitude synthetic aperture laser imaging radar transceiver system. The method has very important significance for the long-distance high-resolution wide-amplitude airborne synthetic aperture laser imaging radar.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to further develop a synthetic aperture laser imaging radar and provides a multi-channel wide-amplitude synthetic aperture laser imaging radar transmitting and receiving system. The system is characterized in that the optical toe and the imaging strip amplitude of a target surface are increased in a multi-input and multi-output mode, the influence of the duty ratio between the cladding and the fiber core of the emission optical fiber in an emission light path on far-field imaging is considered, and an inclined arrangement scheme of the optical fiber in the optical fiber array device is provided. In addition, for a coherent detection system, the receiving field of view is restricted by the antenna law, and the receiving aperture is inversely proportional to the field of view. In order to improve the reception resolution and reduce the system power consumption, it is generally desirable to use a large-aperture receiver. In order to solve the contradiction between the receiving aperture and the field of view, the invention uses an array heterodyne receiving mode. The method has great significance for the long-distance high-resolution airborne synthetic aperture laser imaging radar.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
a multi-channel wide-range synthetic aperture laser imaging radar transmitting-receiving system comprises a transmitting system and a receiving system, and is characterized in that,
the transmitting system comprises a laser light source, a frequency modulator, an arbitrary waveform generator, an optical fiber beam splitter, an optical fiber amplifier group, an optical fiber array device, a lens, a first beam splitter and a Brewster prism beam reducer, and the receiving system comprises a second beam splitter, an array detector, a collecting card and a computer; the output end of the laser light source is connected with the first input end of the frequency modulator, the output end of the arbitrary waveform generator is connected with the second input end of the frequency modulator, the output end of the frequency modulator is connected with the input end of the optical fiber beam splitter, the first output end, the second output end and the nth output end … … of the optical fiber beam splitter are respectively connected with the input end of the first optical fiber amplifier, the input end of the second optical fiber amplifier and the input end of the third optical fiber amplifier … … nth optical fiber amplifier in the optical fiber amplifier group, the output end of the first optical fiber amplifier, the output end of the second optical fiber amplifier and the output end of the third optical fiber amplifier … … nth optical fiber amplifier in the optical fiber amplifier group are respectively connected with the first input end of the optical fiber array device, The second input end and the nth input end of the third input end … … are connected, the output end of the optical fiber array device is connected with the input end of the lens, and the output end of the lens is connected with the input end of the first beam splitter; a first output end of the first beam splitter is connected with an input end of the Brewster prism beam reducer, a signal output by an output end of the Brewster prism beam reducer is a transmitting signal, and n is a positive integer more than 3;
the receiving system comprises a receiving lens, a second beam splitter, an array detector, a collecting card and a computer; the echo signal of transmission signal behind the target surface gets into receiving lens's input, receiving lens's output in the first input of second beam splitter link to each other, the second output of first beam splitter with the second input of second beam splitter link to each other, the output of second beam splitter with array detector's input link to each other, array detector's output with the input of collection card link to each other, the output of collection card with the input of computer link to each other.
The Brewster prism beam reducer consists of a first cylindrical surface wedge-shaped mirror and a second cylindrical surface wedge-shaped mirror;
the light from the fiber cores of the optical fibers in the optical fiber array device must be partially overlapped in the cross-track direction at the far field under the condition of meeting the maximum imaging strip amplitude so as to ensure that the target is completely irradiated, and the influence of the duty ratio between the cladding and the fiber core of the transmitting optical fiber in the transmitting optical path on the far field imaging needs to be considered. The diameter of each optical fiber in the optical fiber array device is D, the diameter of the fiber core is D, and the serial numbers of the n optical fibers are respectively as follows: f. of1,f2,..,fnThe spacing value dr of two optical fibers adjacent to the subscript in the cross-track direction is fixed and is η times of the diameter of the fiber core, wherein 0 is more than η is less than 1, and the n emitting optical fibers in the optical fiber array device 6 are arranged in the following arrangement mode that the n emitting optical fibers are mutually arrangedThe two adjacent optical fibers are kept tangent, and the arrangement mode L of the emitting optical fibers is L ═ f1,f2,..,fn) The included angle theta between the connecting line of the centers of the n optical fibers and the horizontal line satisfies the following relation:
the arrangement mode of the emitting optical fibers in the optical fiber array device can ensure that the emitting light has partial overlap in the far field cross-track direction under the condition of meeting the maximum imaging strip amplitude, and then the target can be imaged completely.
The array detector array elements and the optical fiber array device transmitting optical fibers are the same in number and consistent in arrangement mode, each array element is tightly connected, and the included angle theta between the connecting line of the centers of the n array elements and the horizontal line satisfies the following relation:
in addition, after being collimated by the transmitting lens, the signal light realizes cross-track near-field compression and far-field beam expansion through the Brewster prism beam reducer. The near field is compressed by a certain factor in the corresponding cross-rail direction, the far field is expanded by the same factor, and the cross-rail detection field of view of the array detector is also increased by the corresponding factor. If the receiving aperture is a times of the transmitting aperture and the compression ratio of the brewster prism beam reducer is b, the array relationship of the unit array elements of the single transmitting optical fiber on the detection surface of the array detector in the forward and cross-track directions is as follows: a × ab.
And the light reflected by the first beam splitter in the transmitting system is used as local oscillation light for receiving echo signals, n beams of light in the local oscillation light respectively correspond to each channel in the array detector in the cross-rail direction, and the local oscillation light and the echo signals reflected from the target surface are subjected to heterodyne reception by the array detector.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention adopts a multi-input multi-output mode to increase the optical toe and imaging strip amplitude of the target surface and enlarge the field of view.
2. The invention considers the influence of the duty ratio between the cladding and the fiber core of the transmitting fiber in the fiber array device on far field imaging, and provides the inclined arrangement scheme of the fibers in the fiber array device. The arrangement mode of the transmitting optical fibers can ensure that the target is completely imaged instead of a discrete local picture when the target is imaged.
3. The invention uses the array heterodyne receiving mode, solves the contradiction between the receiving aperture and the field of view in the coherent detection system, and further enlarges the imaging field of view.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-channel wide-amplitude synthetic aperture laser imaging radar transmitting and receiving system according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the arrangement of optical fibers in an optical fiber array device in the multi-channel wide-amplitude synthetic aperture laser imaging radar transceiver system according to the present invention (n is 16).
Fig. 3 is an image (n is 16) of light emitted by a fiber array device in a multi-channel wide-amplitude synthetic aperture laser imaging radar transceiver system in a far field, which is (a) a schematic diagram of far field imaging, and (b) a projection of the far field imaging in an intersection direction.
Fig. 4 is an array element layout (n is 4) in an array detector in the multi-channel wide-amplitude synthetic aperture laser imaging radar transceiver system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and examples, but the scope of the present invention should not be limited thereto.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-channel wide-amplitude synthetic aperture laser imaging radar transmitting and receiving system according to the present invention. As can be seen from the figure, the multi-channel wide-amplitude synthetic aperture laser imaging radar transmitting and receiving system comprises a transmitting system and a receiving system,
the transmitting system comprises a laser light source 1, a frequency modulator 2, an arbitrary waveform generator 3, an optical fiber beam splitter 4, an optical fiber amplifier group 5, an optical fiber array device 6, a transmitting lens 7, a first beam splitter 8 and a Brewster prism beam reducer 9;
the output end of the laser light source 1 is connected to the first input end of the frequency modulator 2, the output end of the arbitrary waveform generator 3 is connected to the second input end of the frequency modulator 2, the output end of the frequency modulator 2 is connected to the input end of the optical fiber beam splitter 4, the first, second, third, … …, and nth output ends of the optical fiber beam splitter 4 are respectively connected to the input end of the first optical fiber amplifier 51, the input end of the second optical fiber amplifier 52, the input end of the third optical fiber amplifier 53, … …, and the input end of the nth optical fiber amplifier 5n in the optical fiber amplifier group 5, the output end of the first optical fiber amplifier 51, the output end of the second optical fiber amplifier 52, the output end of the third optical fiber amplifier 53, … …, the output end of the third optical fiber amplifier 53 in the optical fiber amplifier group 5, The output end of the nth optical fiber amplifier 5n is respectively connected with the first input end, the second input end, the third input end, … … and the nth input end of the optical fiber array device 6, the output light of the optical fiber array device 6 sequentially passes through the lens 7 and the first beam splitter 8, the first beam splitter 8 divides the incident light into transmission light and reflection light, the transmission light is output as a transmission signal through the brewster prism beam reducer 9, and n is a positive integer more than 3;
the receiving system comprises a receiving lens 10, a second beam splitter 11, an array detector 12, an acquisition card 13 and a computer 14;
echo signals of the emission signals reflected by the target surface sequentially pass through the receiving lens 10, penetrate through the second beam splitter 11 and enter the array detector 12 after being reflected by the second beam splitter 11 together with the reflection light of the first beam splitter 8, and the output end of the array detector 12 is connected with the input end of the computer 14 through the acquisition card 13.
The multi-channel wide-amplitude synthetic aperture laser imaging radar transceiving system is characterized in that the Brewster prism beam reducer 9 consists of a first cylindrical surface wedge-shaped mirror 91 and a second cylindrical surface wedge-shaped mirror 92;
the light from the cores of the optical fibers in the optical fiber arrayer 6 must have partial overlap in the cross-track direction at the far field under the condition of meeting the maximum imaging strip amplitude to ensure that the target is completely irradiated, and the influence of the duty ratio between the cladding and the core of the emission optical fiber in the emission light path on the far field imaging needs to be considered. The diameter of each optical fiber of the optical fiber array device 6 is D, the diameter of the fiber core is D, and the serial numbers of the n optical fibers are respectively as follows: f. of1,f2,..,fnThe spacing value dr of two adjacent optical fibers with subscripts in the cross-track direction is fixed and is η times of the diameter of the fiber core, wherein 0 is more than η and less than 1, the n emission optical fibers of the optical fiber array device 6 are arranged in a mode that the adjacent two optical fibers are tangent, and the arrangement mode of the emission optical fibers is L (f) which is equal to L1,f2,..,fn) The included angle theta between the connecting line of the centers of the n optical fibers and the horizontal line satisfies the following relation:
the arrangement mode of the emitting optical fibers in the optical fiber array device 6 can ensure that the emitting light has partial overlap in the far field cross-track direction under the condition of meeting the maximum imaging strip amplitude, and the target can be imaged completely.
The array elements of the array detector 12 and the transmitting optical fibers of the optical fiber array device 6 are the same in number and consistent in arrangement mode, each array element is tightly connected, and the included angle theta between the connecting line of the centers of the n array elements and the horizontal line satisfies the following relationship:
in addition, after being collimated by a lens, the signal light is subjected to near-field compression and far-field beam expansion in the cross-track direction through the Brewster prism beam reducer 9. The near field is compressed by a certain factor in the corresponding cross-rail direction, and the far field is expanded by the same factor, so that the cross-rail detection field of view of the array detector 12 is also increased by the same factor. If the receiving aperture is a times of the transmitting aperture, and the compression ratio of the brewster prism beam reducer 9 is b, the array relationship of the unit array elements of the single transmitting optical fiber on the detection surface of the array detector 12 in the forward and cross-track directions is as follows: a × ab.
The light reflected by the first beam splitter 8 in the transmitting system is used as local oscillation light for receiving echo signals, n beams of light in the local oscillation light respectively correspond to each array element in the array detector 12 in the cross-rail direction, the local oscillation light and the echo signals reflected from the target surface are subjected to heterodyne reception by the array detector 12, and signals received by the heterodyne of the array detector 12 are sent to the computer 14 through the acquisition card 13 for data processing.
Experiments show that the invention increases the optical toe and the imaging strip amplitude of a target surface in a multi-input and multi-output mode, considers the influence of the duty ratio between the cladding and the fiber core of the emission optical fiber in an emission light path on far-field imaging, and provides an inclined arrangement scheme of the optical fibers in the optical fiber array device. In addition, for a coherent detection system, the receiving field of view is restricted by the antenna law, and the receiving aperture is inversely proportional to the field of view. In order to improve the reception resolution and reduce the system power consumption, it is generally desirable to use a large-aperture receiver. In order to solve the contradiction between the receiving aperture and the field of view, the invention uses an array heterodyne receiving mode. The method has great significance for the long-distance high-resolution airborne synthetic aperture laser imaging radar.
Claims (2)
1. The utility model provides a multichannel wide amplitude synthetic aperture laser imaging radar send-receive system, includes transmitting system and receiving system, its characterized in that:
the transmitting system comprises a laser light source (1), a frequency modulator (2), an arbitrary waveform generator (3), an optical fiber beam splitter (4), an optical fiber amplifier group (5), an optical fiber array device (6), a transmitting lens (7), a first beam splitter (8) and a Brewster prism beam reducer (9);
the output end of the laser light source (1) is connected with the first input end of the frequency modulator (2), the output end of the arbitrary waveform generator (3) is connected with the second input end of the frequency modulator (2), the output end of the frequency modulator (2) is connected with the input end of the optical fiber beam splitter (4), the first output end, the second output end, the third output end, the … … and the nth output end of the optical fiber beam splitter (4) are respectively connected with the input end of the first optical fiber amplifier (51), the input end of the second optical fiber amplifier (52), the input end of the third optical fiber amplifier (53), the input end of the … … and the input end of the nth optical fiber amplifier (5n) in the optical fiber amplifier group (5), and the output end of the first optical fiber amplifier (51) in the optical fiber amplifier group (5), The output end of the second optical fiber amplifier (52), the output end of the third optical fiber amplifier (53), the output end of … … and the output end of the n optical fiber amplifier (5n) are respectively connected with the first input end, the second input end, the third input end, … … and the n input end of the optical fiber array device (6), the output light of the optical fiber array device (6) enters the first beam splitter (8) through the emission lens (7), the first beam splitter (8) splits the incident light into transmitted light and reflected light, the transmitted light outputs an emission signal through the Brewster prism beam reducer (9), and n is a positive integer more than 3;
the receiving system comprises a receiving lens (10), a second beam splitter (11), an array detector (12), an acquisition card (13) and a computer (14);
echo signals of the transmitted signals reflected by the target surface sequentially pass through the receiving lens (10), penetrate through the second beam splitter (11) and enter the array detector (12) after being reflected by the first beam splitter (8) through the second beam splitter (11), and the output end of the array detector (12) is connected with the input end of the computer (14) through the acquisition card (13).
2. The multi-channel wide-amplitude synthetic aperture laser imaging radar transceiver system of claim 1, wherein: the diameter of each optical fiber in the optical fiber array device (6) is D, the diameter of the fiber core is D, and the serial numbers of the n optical fibers are respectively as follows: f. of1,f2,..,fnThe spacing value dr of two optical fibers adjacent to the subscript in the cross-track direction is fixed and is η times of the diameter of a fiber core, wherein 0 is more than η is less than 1, and the optical fiber arrayer (6) is used for arraying the optical fibersThe n emission fibers are arranged in the following way:
the two adjacent optical fibers are kept tangent, and the arrangement mode L of the emitting optical fibers is L ═ f1,f2,..,fn) The included angle theta between the connecting line of the centers of the n optical fibers and the horizontal line satisfies the following relation:
the array elements of the array detector (12) are the same as the transmitting optical fibers of the optical fiber array device (6) in number and are arranged in a consistent manner, each array element is tightly connected with each other, and the included angle beta between the connecting line of the centers of the n array elements and the horizontal line satisfies the following relationship:
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| US11073618B2 (en) * | 2018-04-03 | 2021-07-27 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Optical amplifier in return path of coherent lidar system |
| US11119218B2 (en) * | 2018-04-03 | 2021-09-14 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Coherent lidar system with extended field of view |
| CN112213736B (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2022-09-20 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | Three-dimensional target imaging laser radar device and target detection method |
| CN115980778A (en) * | 2021-10-15 | 2023-04-18 | 华为技术有限公司 | Laser radar, receiving system, transmitting system and control method |
| CN117805854B (en) * | 2024-03-01 | 2024-05-07 | 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 | MIMO-based laser SAL wide-field imaging device and method |
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Effective date of registration: 20221102 Address after: 215638 310A, Building B, Science and Technology Innovation Park, Zhangjiagang Free Trade Zone, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province Patentee after: Suzhou Xuanguang Semiconductor Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 201800 Qinghe Road 390, Shanghai, Jiading District Patentee before: SHANGHAI INSTITUTE OF OPTICS AND FINE MECHANICS CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES |