CN107727736B - Method for detecting structural defects of composite material by using surface resonance visualization technology - Google Patents
Method for detecting structural defects of composite material by using surface resonance visualization technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for detecting the structural defects of a composite material by using a surface resonance visualization technology, which comprises the steps of uniformly spreading powder particles or sticky substances on the surface of a standard composite material, and vibrating the standard composite material by using excitation oscillation; generating resonance under the action of a certain frequency, so that the powder particles or the sticky matters form a specific pattern on the surface of the standard composite material; recording the resonance frequency of a standard composite material and the pattern exhibited at said resonance frequency; uniformly spreading the same powder particles or sticky substances on the surface of the composite material to be tested, vibrating the composite material to be tested by utilizing excitation oscillation, and recording patterns of the powder particles or the sticky substances on the surface of the composite material to be tested under the resonance frequency; and comparing the two patterns to judge whether the composite material to be detected has structural defects. The invention can quickly, simply and comprehensively detect the structural defects of the composite material. Has wide application prospect in the field of future nondestructive testing of materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for detecting structural defects of a composite material by using a surface resonance visualization technology, and belongs to the technical field of nondestructive detection of composite materials.
Background
In recent years, the composite material has gradually replaced wood and metal alloy due to the characteristics of light weight, high strength, convenient processing and forming, chemical corrosion resistance and the like, is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, automobiles, electronics and electrical, buildings, body-building equipment and the like, and is rapidly developed.
However, composite materials are prone to defects due to their non-homogeneity, as well as process instability during manufacture and impact and corrosion during use. The structure detection is very important for the quality control of the composite material, and the nondestructive detection technology plays a very important role as an effective means for the quality control of the composite material.
At present, the home and abroad nondestructive detection technologies mainly include a ray detection technology, an ultrasonic detection technology, an acoustic emission detection technology and the like. However, each detection technology has the defects of expensive equipment, troublesome operation and the like.
Acoustic rheology (surface resonance) is a process by which sounds are visualized and visualized. Abroad, artists use beautiful music to vibrate watercolor pigments to draw the same beautiful images. When a sand filled container is uniformly vibrated at a certain frequency, the sand will eventually assume a gradually outward spiral shape.
Surface resonance is the study of vibrational phenomena associated with physical forms that are formed by the interaction of sound waves emitted by a particular conductor. The concrete form can be expressed as follows: when a material such as powder particles or a viscous substance is put on the vibrating iron piece or film, various forms and patterns appear after a short time, as shown in fig. 1. Each vibration wave has a unique corresponding waveform pattern, namely when the frequency of the wave changes, the physical pattern generated by the wave changes, and if the frequency of the wave changes back, the physical pattern also changes back.
The invention provides a brand-new nondestructive testing method for a composite material structure according to a surface resonance visualization technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: how to express the defects of the composite material quickly, simply, visually and comprehensively.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is to provide a method for detecting the structural defects of a composite material by using a surface resonance visualization technology, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: uniformly spreading powder particles or sticky substances on the surface of the standard composite material, and vibrating the standard composite material by utilizing excitation oscillation; generating resonance under the action of a certain frequency, so that the powder particles or the sticky matters form a specific pattern on the surface of the standard composite material; recording the resonance frequency of a standard composite material and the pattern exhibited at said resonance frequency;
step 2: uniformly spreading the same powder particles or sticky substances as those in the step 1 on the surface of the composite material to be tested, and vibrating the composite material to be tested by using excitation oscillation; at the resonance frequency recorded in the step 1, recording the pattern of the powder particles or the sticky substances on the surface of the composite material to be tested under the resonance frequency;
and step 3: when structural defects occur inside or outside the composite material, the transmission of vibration waves can be influenced, and the pattern formed by the powder particles or the sticky substances can be changed at the positions of the defects; and comparing the pattern presented under the resonance frequency of the standard composite material with the pattern presented under the resonance frequency of the composite material to be detected, and judging whether the composite material to be detected has structural defects.
Preferably, the excitation mode of the excitation oscillation is a center single-point excitation mode or a multi-point excitation mode.
Preferably, the excitation oscillation is free-end excitation or fixed post-excitation.
Preferably, the principle of the surface resonance visualization technology is as follows: the powder particles or the sticky substance are put on the vibrating composite material, and when the composite material generates resonance under a certain frequency, the powder particles or the sticky substance can be gathered on the surface of the composite material to form a regular line pattern.
More preferably, the powder particles are fine sand or fine salt; the dope is starch solution.
Preferably, the composite material includes, but is not limited to, unidirectional resin composite material board, ply resin composite material board, plastic board, metal board.
More preferably, the resin is a thermoplastic resin or a polymer-based resin; the thermoplastic resin comprises thermosetting epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin, polyimide resin and thermosetting polyurethane resin; the polymer-based resin comprises polypropylene, polyphenylene sulfide, polyvinyl chloride and polycarbonate.
Preferably, in the step 3, if the pattern presented under the resonance frequency of the standard composite material is consistent with the pattern presented under the resonance frequency of the composite material to be tested, it is indicated that the composite material to be tested has no structural defect; if the pattern presented under the resonance frequency of the standard composite material is inconsistent with the pattern presented under the resonance frequency of the composite material to be detected, the structural defect of the composite material to be detected is shown, and the position where the pattern is inconsistent is the position of the structural defect.
Preferably, the structural defects of the composite material include point defects, line defects, and area defects.
Preferably, the structural defects of the composite material include heterogeneity of the composite material, and process instability during manufacturing and impact and corrosion during use.
Preferably, the composite resonance characteristic comprises: a resonant frequency and a resonant pattern; the resonance frequency refers to a frequency value at which resonance occurs; the resonance pattern refers to a line pattern with characteristic properties generated on the surface of the composite material under the resonance mode.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention utilizes the detection method of the surface resonance visualization technology to judge whether the material to be detected has structural defects, the type, the size, the position and other information of the structural defects by comparing the resonance frequency and the resonance pattern of the material to be detected and the standard material, and can detect the structural defects caused by the heterogeneity of the composite material, the unstable process in the manufacturing process, the impact and the corrosion in the using process and the like.
(2) The detection method utilizing the surface resonance visualization technology has no damage to the structural performance of the composite material, and ensures that the composite material has no influence before and after detection.
(3) The detection method utilizing the surface resonance visualization technology has the advantages of simple process and equipment operation, cheap equipment, simple operation, energy conservation and detection cost and good development prospect compared with other detection processes.
(4) The detection technology disclosed by the invention applies a small amount of sticky substances such as fine sand, refined salt and other powder particles or starch solution and the like, and is still on a vibrating iron sheet after resonance, so that the detection technology is non-toxic and odorless, and is harmless to the environment and belongs to the field of green detection technology.
(5) The invention utilizes the surface resonance visualization technology to carry out nondestructive detection on the composite material, can quickly form patterns on the surface of the composite material, and has high detection speed; the pattern contrast on the surface of the composite material is more visual, simple and convenient; the defect of gradual change of the structure can be detected, and the detection is more comprehensive.
The invention researches the resonance mode of the composite plate under the resonance condition by using the surface resonance visualization technology, visualizes the resonance mode by powder particles or sticky substances, and performs nondestructive detection on the material by the change of the resonance graph. The detection method is novel and unique, has good innovation, and is a brand-new nondestructive detection method for the composite material structure. The method has the advantages of rapidness, simplicity, convenience and comprehensiveness. Has wide application prospect in the field of future nondestructive testing of materials.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a resonance process of particulate material on a sheet; (a) a non-vibration stage; (b) a vibration initial stage; (c) a resonance stage;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a surface resonance visualization technique for detecting a local vibration pattern of a standard plate;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a local pattern for detecting a composite material plate containing defects by using a surface resonance visualization technology.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples.
Example 1
A method for detecting structural defects of a carbon fiber reinforced composite plate by using a surface resonance visualization technology comprises the following steps:
1. the carbon fiber short fiber reinforced epoxy composite material plate with the length and width of 40cm multiplied by 40cm and the thickness of 0.3cm is used as a standard plate. Salt particles are uniformly scattered on the surface of the material, the composite material is vibrated by an excitation oscillator, resonance is generated under the action of the frequency of 312kHz, the salt particles form patterns on the surface of the material, the resonance frequency of various composite materials and the patterns presented under the vibration frequency are recorded as shown in figure 1, and a vibration image library is established through simple image processing.
2. The carbon fiber short fiber reinforced epoxy composite material plate with defects, the length and the width of which are 40cm multiplied by 40cm and the thickness of which is 0.3cm is taken as a sample to be detected. The same salt particles were uniformly scattered on the surface of the composite material plate, and the composite material plate was vibrated by an excitation oscillator, and changes in resonance image were observed at a frequency of 312kHz or so. And comparing the resonance pattern generated by the standard composite material plate with the resonance pattern, and judging the defect position and shape of the composite material plate. If shown in fig. 2, it is indicated that there is a damage or defect at the pattern change.
Example 2
A method for detecting and testing structural defects of a glass fiber reinforced composite plate by using a surface resonance visualization technology comprises the following steps:
1. a glass fiber reinforced composite plate having a length and width of 35cm × 35cm and a thickness of 0.3cm was used as a standard plate. Salt particles are uniformly scattered on the surface of the material, the composite material is vibrated by an excitation oscillator, the salt particles form patterns on the surface of the material by generating resonance under the action of 108kHz frequency, the resonance frequency of various composite materials and the patterns presented under the vibration frequency are recorded, and a vibration image library is established through simple image processing.
2. The glass fiber reinforced composite board with defects of 35cm multiplied by 35cm in length and width and 0.3cm in thickness is used as a sample to be measured. The same salt particles were uniformly scattered on the surface of the composite material plate, and the composite material plate was vibrated by an excitation oscillator, and changes in resonance image were observed at a frequency of 108kHz or so. And comparing the resonance pattern generated by the standard composite material plate with the resonance pattern, and judging the defect position and shape of the composite material plate.
While the invention has been described with respect to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing and other changes, omissions and deviations in the form and detail thereof may be made without departing from the scope of this invention. Those skilled in the art can make various changes, modifications and equivalent arrangements, which are equivalent to the embodiments of the present invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and which may be made by utilizing the techniques disclosed above; meanwhile, any changes, modifications and variations of the above-described embodiments, which are equivalent to those of the technical spirit of the present invention, are within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for detecting the structural defects of a composite material by using a surface resonance visualization technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: uniformly spreading powder particles or sticky substances on the surface of the standard composite material, and vibrating the standard composite material by utilizing excitation oscillation; generating resonance under the action of a certain frequency, so that the powder particles or the sticky matters form a specific pattern on the surface of the standard composite material; recording the resonance frequency of a standard composite material and the pattern exhibited at said resonance frequency;
step 2: uniformly spreading the same powder particles or sticky substances as those in the step 1 on the surface of the composite material to be tested, and vibrating the composite material to be tested by using excitation oscillation; at the resonance frequency recorded in the step 1, recording the pattern of the powder particles or the sticky substances on the surface of the composite material to be tested under the resonance frequency;
and step 3: when structural defects occur inside or outside the composite material, the transmission of vibration waves can be influenced, and the pattern formed by the powder particles or the sticky substances can be changed at the positions of the defects; and comparing the pattern presented under the resonance frequency of the standard composite material with the pattern presented under the resonance frequency of the composite material to be detected, and judging whether the composite material to be detected has structural defects.
2. The method for detecting the structural defects of the composite material by using the surface resonance visualization technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the excitation mode of the excitation oscillation is a center single-point excitation mode or a multi-point excitation mode.
3. A method for detecting structural defects in composite materials using surface resonance visualization techniques as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the excitation oscillation is free end excitation or fixed post excitation.
4. The method for detecting the structural defects of the composite material by using the surface resonance visualization technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the principle of the surface resonance visualization technology is as follows: the powder particles or the sticky substance are put on the vibrating composite material, and when the composite material generates resonance under a certain frequency, the powder particles or the sticky substance can be gathered on the surface of the composite material to form a regular line pattern.
5. A method for detecting structural defects in composite materials using surface resonance visualization techniques as claimed in claim 1 or 4, wherein: the powder particles are fine sand or refined salt; the dope is starch solution.
6. The method for detecting the structural defects of the composite material by using the surface resonance visualization technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the composite material comprises but is not limited to unidirectional resin composite material plates, layered resin composite material plates, plastic plates and metal plates.
7. The method for detecting the structural defects of the composite material by using the surface resonance visualization technology as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the resin is a thermoplastic resin or a polymer-based resin; the thermoplastic resin comprises thermosetting epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin, polyimide resin and thermosetting polyurethane resin; the polymer-based resin comprises polypropylene, polyphenylene sulfide, polyvinyl chloride and polycarbonate.
8. The method for detecting the structural defects of the composite material by using the surface resonance visualization technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 3, if the pattern presented under the resonance frequency of the standard composite material is consistent with the pattern presented under the resonance frequency of the composite material to be detected, the composite material to be detected has no structural defect; if the pattern presented under the resonance frequency of the standard composite material is inconsistent with the pattern presented under the resonance frequency of the composite material to be detected, the structural defect of the composite material to be detected is shown, and the position where the pattern is inconsistent is the position of the structural defect.
9. The method for detecting the structural defects of the composite material by using the surface resonance visualization technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the structural defects of the composite material include point defects, line defects, and area defects.
10. The method for detecting the structural defects of the composite material by using the surface resonance visualization technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein: structural defects of the composite include non-homogeneity of the composite, as well as process instability during manufacturing and impact and corrosion during use.
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Citations (4)
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| DE3842061C2 (en) * | 1988-12-14 | 1991-10-24 | Manfred 8501 Cadolzburg De Band | |
| CN105760623A (en) * | 2016-03-16 | 2016-07-13 | 中国直升机设计研究所 | Method for determining allowable defects of helicopter composite main rotor blade |
| CN205796526U (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2016-12-14 | 金麟 | A kind of removable sound visualization product |
| CN106645213A (en) * | 2017-02-14 | 2017-05-10 | 西安交通大学 | Microwave detection probe and method for metal plate surface corrosion defect detection and evaluation |
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2017
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3842061C2 (en) * | 1988-12-14 | 1991-10-24 | Manfred 8501 Cadolzburg De Band | |
| CN105760623A (en) * | 2016-03-16 | 2016-07-13 | 中国直升机设计研究所 | Method for determining allowable defects of helicopter composite main rotor blade |
| CN205796526U (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2016-12-14 | 金麟 | A kind of removable sound visualization product |
| CN106645213A (en) * | 2017-02-14 | 2017-05-10 | 西安交通大学 | Microwave detection probe and method for metal plate surface corrosion defect detection and evaluation |
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