CN107727642A - A kind of laser detecting method of Atmospheric particulates heavy metal element - Google Patents
A kind of laser detecting method of Atmospheric particulates heavy metal element Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to atmosphere pollution detection technique field, and in particular to a kind of laser detecting method of Atmospheric particulates heavy metal element, its step are as follows：Step 1, gas collection is carried out using gas collecting device, obtains testing sample gas；Step 2, gas suspended particles thing is attached on filter by filter, forms stable filtering lamination by testing sample gas；Step 3, filter is suppressed to obtain sample panel；Step 4, the pulse laser beam by laser output focuses on sample plate surface by condenser lens, forms high-temperature plasma；Step 5, analyzed by spectral detection system plasma spectral signal, obtain the species and content information of heavy metal element in air suspended pollution particulate matter, to determine the heavy metal pollution degree of air.The present invention can solve the problem that signal intensity is limited in current atmospheric laser detection process using solid inorganic filter, it is difficult to the problem of accurately collecting and surveying.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to atmosphere pollution detection technique field, and in particular to a kind of laser of Atmospheric particulates heavy metal element
Detection method.
Background technology
Now with industry and economic fast development and the sharp increase of the size of population, the heavy metal pollution in air turns into
One of main pollution that the world today faces, it mostlys come from industrial production, motor-vehicle tail-gas, mining, boiler fired coal and vapour
The largely pernicious gas containing heavy metal and dust etc. caused by car tire wear.Heavy metal contaminants be mainly attached to PM2.5 and
On PM10 particles, PM2.5 and PM10 refer to that equivalent aerodynamic diameter is inhalable less than or equal to 2.5 microns and 10 microns
Particulate matter, these pellets have stronger adsorption capacity, are the multiple pollutants including heavy metal element
" carrier " and " catalyst ", can be stopped and long-distance transmissions for a long time in an atmosphere.Heavy metal contaminants are naturally big
Be difficult to degrade in compression ring border, can in animal and plant body long term accumulation, and be progressively enriched with by food chain, concentration can be up to a hundred into tens
Even into ten thousand times of increase, eventually enter into human body and be deposited on lung, directly participate in blood circulation, it is huge to the extent of injury of human body
Greatly.
The usual way of heavy metal element is in detection atmospheric aerosol at present：First air is sampled on the spot, is then delivered to
Related laboratory, with atomic absorption spectrography (AAS) (AAS), inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP-AES) or atomic fluorescence light
Spectrometry (AFS) etc. measures.These analysis methods are required for carrying out a series of processes such as the collection, preparation, chemical examination of sample, lead to
Testing result can be just obtained after even a couple of days constant hour, and the method for this interval sampling can only reflect shorter time period
Content of beary metal in interior air, testing result is set to deviate actual sample situation and produce certain error.
LIBS (LIBS) technology, in sample surface, sample is gasified using high energy pulse Laser Focusing
For the high temperature of transient state, high-density laser plasma, molecule, atom in plasma will be produced comprising elemental composition feature
The spectral line of emission, pass through the distribution and intensive analysis of plasma emission spectrum, it may be determined that the kind of heavy metal element in sample
Class and content information.LIBS (LIBS) technology has without being pre-processed to sample, it is possible to achieve polynary
The characteristics of element detects simultaneously, efficiently solve online, the real-time and company of detection device for multi metallic elements in air suspended pollution particulate matter
The problem of continuous monitoring.
LIBS (LIBS) technology is compared with other ripe analytical technologies, because plasma spectrometry is believed
Number influenceed by many factors such as LASER Light Source, signal acquisition delay, signal collection device and sample self character, fixed
Had some limitations in terms of amount analysis.Air is as a kind of sample existing in a gaseous form, if directly entered to air
Row sampling, acts on atmospheric samples, by plasma light spectrum signal caused by laser-induced breakdown by pulsed laser beam
Intensity can be extremely limited, and spectroscopic acquisition device is difficult effectively to be collected and surveyed, and spectral signal strength fluctuation is acute
It is strong, the gas that content is fixed is measured under stable condition, wider intensity distribution can be also presented in signal, and this weakness causes
LIBS is subject to certain restrictions in the quantitative context of detection of gas sample.
The content of the invention
For the problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of laser detection side of Atmospheric particulates heavy metal element
Method, it can solve the problem that signal intensity is limited in current atmospheric laser detection process using solid inorganic filter, it is difficult to accurate to receive
The problem of set analysis.
To realize above technical purpose, the technical scheme is that：A kind of laser of Atmospheric particulates heavy metal element
Detection method, its step are as follows：
Step 1, gas collection is carried out using gas collecting device, obtains testing sample gas；
Step 2, gas suspended particles thing is attached on filter, formed stable by filter by testing sample gas
Filtering lamination；
Step 3, filter is suppressed to obtain sample panel；
Step 4, the pulse laser beam by laser output focuses on sample plate surface by condenser lens, forms high temperature etc.
Gas ions；
Step 5, analyzed by spectral detection system plasma spectral signal, obtain air suspended pollution particle
The species and content information of heavy metal element in thing, to determine the heavy metal pollution degree of air.
Preferably, the filter in the step 2 uses siliceous inorganic filtering material, hole is 1 micron, a diameter of
30mm, thickness 3mm.
Preferably, the laser parameter in the step 4 is as follows：Light source：Nd：YAG laser, single pulse energy are
50mJ, pulse width 6ns.
Preferably, the formula of the siliceous inorganic filtering material is as follows：
Silica 1 0-24 parts, foaming agent 2-4 parts, bleeding agent 1-3 parts, solvent 35-45 parts, adhesive 10-15 parts, point
Powder 2-4 parts.
As an improvement, the foaming agent uses lauryl sodium sulfate.
As an improvement, the dispersant uses polyvinylpyrrolidone or polyethylene glycol.
As an improvement, the solvent uses the ethanol water of ethanol or concentration of alcohol for 50-80%.
As an improvement, described adhesive uses epoxy modified silicone resin or methyl silicon resin.
As an improvement, the bleeding agent uses AEO or APES.
As an improvement, the preparation method of the siliceous inorganic filtering material is as follows：
Step 1, silica is added into solvent, then adds dispersant, ultrasonic agitation is to being completely dissolved；
Step 2, adhesive is mixed with foaming agent, bleeding agent, mechanical agitation obtains mixed liquor；
Step 3, mixed liquor is added into the stirring liquid of step 1, continues ultrasonic agitation to being completely dispersed；
Step 4, the solution after will be scattered carries out being evaporated under reduced pressure reaction 2-4h, and then pressurize molding reaction 2-4h, obtains thick
Base；
Step 5, crude green body is put into Muffle furnace and sinters 4-8h, obtain siliceous filtering material.
As a further improvement, the supersonic frequency in the step 1 is 1.4-5.5kHz, the machinery in the step 2 stirs
It is 2000-4000r/min to mix speed, and the ultrasonic agitation in the step 3 is stirred using constant temperature, is evaporated under reduced pressure in the step 4
Pressure be atmospheric pressure 50-80%, temperature is 80-110 DEG C, and the pressure of the pressurization molding is 10-20MPa, pressed temperature
For 90-110 DEG C, the sintering temperature in the step 5 is 300-400 DEG C, and the sintering heating mode is as follows：
From the above, it can be seen that the present invention possesses advantages below：
1. the present invention can solve the problem that there there is signal intensity in current atmospheric laser detection process using solid inorganic filter
Limit, it is difficult to the problem of accurately collecting and surveying.
2. the present invention effectively can accurately collect the particulate matter in gas using siliceous inorganic filter, and stable and single
One structure, measurement result accuracy is high, reproducible.
3. the present invention can adsorb most of PM2.5 and PM10 suspended particulate using micron-sized siliceous inorganic filter
Thing.
4. the invention provides the formula of siliceous inorganic filter and preparation method, by material by way of vacuum distillation
It is thoroughly mixed, the intensive structure that compacting forms size, the energy by way of gradient sintering is carried out by the way of molding of pressurizeing
Compactness structure is enough formed, ensures the formation of micron order hole.
Embodiment
It is the specific embodiment of the present invention below, but any restriction is not done to the claim of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of laser detecting method of Atmospheric particulates heavy metal element, it is characterised in that：Its step is as follows：
Step 1, gas collection is carried out using gas collecting device, obtains testing sample gas；
Step 2, gas suspended particles thing is attached on filter, formed stable by filter by testing sample gas
Filtering lamination；
Step 3, filter is suppressed to obtain sample panel；
Step 4, the pulse laser beam by laser output focuses on sample plate surface by condenser lens, forms high temperature etc.
Gas ions；
Step 5, analyzed by spectral detection system plasma spectral signal, obtain air suspended pollution particle
The species and content information of heavy metal element in thing, to determine the heavy metal pollution degree of air.
Filter in the step 2 uses siliceous inorganic filtering material, and hole is 1 micron, a diameter of 30mm, and thickness is
3mm。
Laser parameter in the step 4 is as follows：Light source：Nd：YAG laser, single pulse energy 50mJ, pulse width
For 6ns.
The formula of the siliceous inorganic filtering material is as follows：
0 part of silica 1,2 parts of foaming agent, 1 part of bleeding agent, 35 parts of solvent, 10 parts of adhesive, 2 parts of dispersant.
The foaming agent uses lauryl sodium sulfate.
The dispersant uses polyvinylpyrrolidone.
The solvent uses ethanol.
Described adhesive uses epoxy modified silicone resin.
The bleeding agent uses AEO.
The preparation method of the siliceous inorganic filtering material is as follows：
Step 1, silica is added into solvent, then adds dispersant, ultrasonic agitation is to being completely dissolved；
Step 2, adhesive is mixed with foaming agent, bleeding agent, mechanical agitation obtains mixed liquor；
Step 3, mixed liquor is added into the stirring liquid of step 1, continues ultrasonic agitation to being completely dispersed；
Step 4, the solution after will be scattered carries out being evaporated under reduced pressure reaction 2h, and then pressurize molding reaction 2-4h, obtains crude green body；
Step 5, crude green body is put into Muffle furnace and sinters 4h, obtain siliceous filtering material.
Supersonic frequency in the step 1 is 1.4kHz, and the mechanical agitation speed in the step 2 is 2000r/min, institute
The ultrasonic agitation stated in step 3 is stirred using constant temperature, and the pressure being evaporated under reduced pressure in the step 4 is the 50% of atmospheric pressure, temperature
For 80 DEG C, the pressure of the pressurization molding is 10MPa, and pressed temperature is 90 DEG C, and the sintering temperature in the step 5 is 300 DEG C,
The sintering heating mode is as follows：
| Temperature | Time |
| Room temperature DEG C | 20min |
| 150℃ | 60min |
| 250℃ | 10min |
| 300℃ | 2.5h |
Embodiment 2
A kind of laser detecting method of Atmospheric particulates heavy metal element, it is characterised in that：Its step is as follows：
Step 1, gas collection is carried out using gas collecting device, obtains testing sample gas；
Step 2, gas suspended particles thing is attached on filter, formed stable by filter by testing sample gas
Filtering lamination；
Step 3, filter is suppressed to obtain sample panel；
Step 4, the pulse laser beam by laser output focuses on sample plate surface by condenser lens, forms high temperature etc.
Gas ions；
Step 5, analyzed by spectral detection system plasma spectral signal, obtain air suspended pollution particle
The species and content information of heavy metal element in thing, to determine the heavy metal pollution degree of air.
Filter in the step 2 uses siliceous inorganic filtering material, and hole is 1 micron, a diameter of 30mm, and thickness is
3mm。
Laser parameter in the step 4 is as follows：Light source：Nd：YAG laser, single pulse energy 50mJ, pulse width
For 6ns.
The formula of the siliceous inorganic filtering material is as follows：
24 parts of silica, 4 parts of foaming agent, 3 parts of bleeding agent, 45 parts of solvent, 15 parts of adhesive, 4 parts of dispersant.
The foaming agent uses lauryl sodium sulfate.
The dispersant uses polyethylene glycol.
The solvent use concentration of alcohol for 50% ethanol water.
Described adhesive uses methyl silicon resin.
The bleeding agent uses APES.
The preparation method of the siliceous inorganic filtering material is as follows：
Step 1, silica is added into solvent, then adds dispersant, ultrasonic agitation is to being completely dissolved；
Step 2, adhesive is mixed with foaming agent, bleeding agent, mechanical agitation obtains mixed liquor；
Step 3, mixed liquor is added into the stirring liquid of step 1, continues ultrasonic agitation to being completely dispersed；
Step 4, the solution after will be scattered carries out being evaporated under reduced pressure reaction 4h, and then pressurize molding reaction 4h, obtains crude green body；
Step 5, crude green body is put into Muffle furnace and sinters 8h, obtain siliceous filtering material.
Supersonic frequency in the step 1 is 5.5kHz, and the mechanical agitation speed in the step 2 is 4000r/min, institute
The ultrasonic agitation stated in step 3 is stirred using constant temperature, and the pressure being evaporated under reduced pressure in the step 4 is the 80% of atmospheric pressure, temperature
For 110 DEG C, the pressure of the pressurization molding is 20MPa, and pressed temperature is 110 DEG C, and the sintering temperature in the step 5 is 400
DEG C, the sintering heating mode is as follows：
| Temperature | Time |
| 150℃ | 30min |
| 250℃ | 120min |
| 400℃ | 5.5h |
Embodiment 3
A kind of laser detecting method of Atmospheric particulates heavy metal element, it is characterised in that：Its step is as follows：
Step 1, gas collection is carried out using gas collecting device, obtains testing sample gas；
Step 2, gas suspended particles thing is attached on filter, formed stable by filter by testing sample gas
Filtering lamination；
Step 3, filter is suppressed to obtain sample panel；
Step 4, the pulse laser beam by laser output focuses on sample plate surface by condenser lens, forms high temperature etc.
Gas ions；
Step 5, analyzed by spectral detection system plasma spectral signal, obtain air suspended pollution particle
The species and content information of heavy metal element in thing, to determine the heavy metal pollution degree of air.
Filter in the step 2 uses siliceous inorganic filtering material, and hole is 1 micron, a diameter of 30mm, and thickness is
3mm。
Laser parameter in the step 4 is as follows：Light source：Nd：YAG laser, single pulse energy 50mJ, pulse width
For 6ns.
The formula of the siliceous inorganic filtering material is as follows：
20 parts of silica, 3 parts of foaming agent, 2 parts of bleeding agent, 40 parts of solvent, 12 parts of adhesive, 3 parts of dispersant.
The foaming agent uses lauryl sodium sulfate.
The dispersant uses polyvinylpyrrolidone.
The solvent use concentration of alcohol for 80% ethanol water.
Described adhesive uses epoxy modified silicone resin.
The bleeding agent uses AEO.
The preparation method of the siliceous inorganic filtering material is as follows：
Step 1, silica is added into solvent, then adds dispersant, ultrasonic agitation is to being completely dissolved；
Step 2, adhesive is mixed with foaming agent, bleeding agent, mechanical agitation obtains mixed liquor；
Step 3, mixed liquor is added into the stirring liquid of step 1, continues ultrasonic agitation to being completely dispersed；
Step 4, the solution after will be scattered carries out being evaporated under reduced pressure reaction 3h, and then pressurize molding reaction 3h, obtains crude green body；
Step 5, crude green body is put into Muffle furnace and sinters 6h, obtain siliceous filtering material.
Supersonic frequency in the step 1 is 3.5kHz, and the mechanical agitation speed in the step 2 is 3000r/min, institute
The ultrasonic agitation stated in step 3 is stirred using constant temperature, and the pressure being evaporated under reduced pressure in the step 4 is the 70% of atmospheric pressure, temperature
For 100 DEG C, the pressure of the pressurization molding is 15MPa, and pressed temperature is 105 DEG C, and the sintering temperature in the step 5 is 350
DEG C, the sintering heating mode is as follows：
| Temperature | Time |
| 80℃ | 30min |
| 200℃ | 60min |
| 250℃ | 30min |
| 350℃ | 4h |
In summary, the present invention has advantages below：
1. the present invention can solve the problem that there there is signal intensity in current atmospheric laser detection process using solid inorganic filter
Limit, it is difficult to the problem of accurately collecting and surveying.
2. the present invention effectively can accurately collect the particulate matter in gas using siliceous inorganic filter, and stable and single
One structure, measurement result accuracy is high, reproducible.
3. the present invention can adsorb most of PM2.5 and PM10 suspended particulate using micron-sized siliceous inorganic filter
Thing.
4. the invention provides the formula of siliceous inorganic filter and preparation method, by material by way of vacuum distillation
It is thoroughly mixed, the intensive structure that compacting forms size, the energy by way of gradient sintering is carried out by the way of molding of pressurizeing
Compactness structure is enough formed, ensures the formation of micron order hole.
It is understood that above with respect to the specific descriptions of the present invention, it is merely to illustrate the present invention and is not limited to this
Technical scheme described by inventive embodiments.It will be understood by those within the art that still the present invention can be carried out
Modification or equivalent substitution, to reach identical technique effect；As long as meet use needs, all protection scope of the present invention it
It is interior.
Claims (10)
- A kind of 1. laser detecting method of Atmospheric particulates heavy metal element, it is characterised in that：Its step is as follows：Step 1, gas collection is carried out using gas collecting device, obtains testing sample gas；Step 2, gas suspended particles thing is attached on filter by filter, forms stable mistake by testing sample gas Filter lamination；Step 3, filter is suppressed to obtain sample panel；Step 4, the pulse laser beam by laser output focuses on sample plate surface by condenser lens, forms high-temperature plasma Body；Step 5, analyzed, obtained in air suspended pollution particulate matter by spectral detection system plasma spectral signal The species and content information of heavy metal element, to determine the heavy metal pollution degree of air.
- A kind of 2. laser detecting method of Atmospheric particulates heavy metal element according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described Filter in step 2 uses siliceous inorganic filtering material, and hole is 1 micron, a diameter of 30mm, thickness 3mm.
- 3. a kind of laser detecting method of Atmospheric particulates heavy metal element according to claim 1, its special sign are： Laser parameter in the step 4 is as follows：Light source：Nd：YAG laser, single pulse energy 50mJ, pulse width 6ns.
- A kind of 4. laser detecting method of Atmospheric particulates heavy metal element according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Institute The formula for stating siliceous inorganic filtering material is as follows：Silica 1 0-24 parts, foaming agent 2-4 parts, bleeding agent 1-3 parts, solvent 35-45 parts, adhesive 10-15 parts, dispersant 2-4 parts.
- A kind of 5. laser detecting method of Atmospheric particulates heavy metal element according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：Institute State foaming agent and use lauryl sodium sulfate.
- A kind of 6. laser detecting method of Atmospheric particulates heavy metal element according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：Institute State dispersant and use polyvinylpyrrolidone or polyethylene glycol.
- A kind of 7. laser detecting method of Atmospheric particulates heavy metal element according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：Institute State the ethanol water that solvent uses ethanol or concentration of alcohol as 50-80%.
- A kind of 8. laser detecting method of Atmospheric particulates heavy metal element according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：Institute State adhesive and use epoxy modified silicone resin or methyl silicon resin.
- A kind of 9. laser detecting method of Atmospheric particulates heavy metal element according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：Institute State bleeding agent and use AEO or APES.
- A kind of 10. laser detecting method of Atmospheric particulates heavy metal element according to claim 4, it is characterised in that： The preparation method of the siliceous inorganic filtering material is as follows：Step 1, silica is added into solvent, then adds dispersant, ultrasonic agitation is to being completely dissolved；Step 2, adhesive is mixed with foaming agent, bleeding agent, mechanical agitation obtains mixed liquor；Step 3, mixed liquor is added into the stirring liquid of step 1, continues ultrasonic agitation to being completely dispersed；Step 4, the solution after will be scattered carries out being evaporated under reduced pressure reaction 2-4h, and then pressurize molding reaction 2-4h, obtains crude green body；Step 5, crude green body is put into Muffle furnace and sinters 4-8h, obtain siliceous filtering material.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109085151A (en) * | 2018-09-11 | 2018-12-25 | 南京信息工程大学 | The on-line measuring device and detection method of a kind of atmosphere pollution mercury and its isotope |
| CN109632588A (en) * | 2018-12-30 | 2019-04-16 | 江苏苏净集团有限公司 | A kind of oil liquid Particulate Pollution detection device and method |
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| CN103487427A (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2014-01-01 | 苏州国环环境检测有限公司 | Method for detecting metallic elements in atmospheric exhaust gas particulates |
| CN204330594U (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2015-05-13 | 郭锐 | A kind of atmosphere heavy metal pollution thing collecting and detecting device based on LIBS |
| CN205691507U (en) * | 2016-04-14 | 2016-11-16 | 浙江师范大学 | The highly sensitive quantitative testing device of heavy metal element in a kind of atmospheric aerosol |
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| EP0826412A3 (en) * | 1996-08-26 | 1999-06-02 | Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. Berlin | Method for producing filter elements and the filter elements thus produced |
| CN103487427A (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2014-01-01 | 苏州国环环境检测有限公司 | Method for detecting metallic elements in atmospheric exhaust gas particulates |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109085151A (en) * | 2018-09-11 | 2018-12-25 | 南京信息工程大学 | The on-line measuring device and detection method of a kind of atmosphere pollution mercury and its isotope |
| CN109632588A (en) * | 2018-12-30 | 2019-04-16 | 江苏苏净集团有限公司 | A kind of oil liquid Particulate Pollution detection device and method |
| CN109632588B (en) * | 2018-12-30 | 2024-03-12 | 江苏苏净集团有限公司 | Device and method for detecting pollution of oil particulate matters |
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