CN107723505A - A kind of wear-resistant copper alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of wear-resistant copper alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107723505A CN107723505A CN201710847556.8A CN201710847556A CN107723505A CN 107723505 A CN107723505 A CN 107723505A CN 201710847556 A CN201710847556 A CN 201710847556A CN 107723505 A CN107723505 A CN 107723505A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/04—Alloys based on copper with zinc as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of wear-resistant copper alloy and preparation method thereof, wear-resistant copper alloy includes following components in percentage by weight：Copper 66~68%, manganese 5~5.5%, aluminium 1.5~1.6%, silicon 0.75~0.8%, tin 0.75~0.8%, nickel 0.75~0.8%, cobalt 0.75~0.8%, iron 0.75~0.8%, magnesium 0.75~0.8%, lanthanum 0.1~0.2%, titanium 0.1~0.2%, chromium 0.1~0.2%, zirconium 0.1~0.12%, niobium 0.1~0.12%, remaining surplus are zinc and inevitable impurity.Its tensile strength of wear-resistant copper alloy provided by the invention is more than 650MPa, and elongation percentage is more than 5%, has excellent mechanical property.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to an Albatra metal, specifically a kind of wear-resistant copper alloy and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
With further investigation of the people to copper alloy, find by adding a small amount of different-alloy element, by technique control
Alloyage tissue, it can make material that there are many excellent new features.New product, the practical kind for making copper alloy of new technology are got over
To come more, application field is overstepping the bounds of propriety thinner, and also more and more higher, many kinds have turned into the special trade mark in a certain field to performance requirement,
Wherein just there are the New Complex brass alloys based on α phase+β phases, not only alloy substrate intensity is high, toughness is strong for such material,
And require to be evenly distributed with the wear-resisting phase of high rigidity on matrix, formed with hardness between relatively low matrix excellent wear-resisting
Mechanism, so as to establish stable lubricating layer in friction, material is set to be reasonably resistant under high speed, the bad working environments of heavy duty
The impact of load and violent abrasive action, there is good high-strength, antiwear characteristic.Wear-resistant copper alloy material, since the advent of the world
Rapid popularization, for high intensity, heavily loaded high-speed hydraulic rotor, bearing, automobile synchronizer tooth ring and the various precisions of high-wearing feature
The manufacture of wear-resisting spare part, and flourishing with China's processing manufacturing industry in recent years, market demand constantly expands.
Existing wear-resistant copper alloy (CuZn40Al2 of such as DIN, the C67420 of Unite States Standard, Unite States Standard
C86300 alloys) because of its excellent mechanical property, anti-wear performance, hot-working character, it is widely used in zero, engineering machinery, automobile
The manufacturings such as part, hydraulic pressure, at home and abroad market dosage is all bigger for wear-resistant copper alloy.It is well known that leaded parts exist
Serious environmental pollution can be caused during production or use, is detrimental to health, the U.S., European Union etc. put into effect related method in succession
Laws ＆ Regulations are controlled to lead content in parts.Research now both at home and abroad to lead-free reflow is more, and also achieves significantly
Progress.But the research to Lead-free wear-resistant copper alloy is less.As ROSH is instructed（Parliament of European Union and EU Council《On
Special harmful substance disabling instruction in electronic apparatus》）It is unleaded to whole manufacturing raw material with the promulgation of California, USA bill
Change demand is more and more urgent, and the industry such as lot of domestic and international engineering machinery, hydraulic pressure, auto parts and components leading enterprise is unleaded to copper alloy
Change proposes requirement.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is：For the above-mentioned deficiency of prior art, there is provided a kind of with excellent
The wear-resistant copper alloy of mechanical property.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：
A kind of wear-resistant copper alloy, including following components in percentage by weight：Copper 66~68%, manganese 5~5.5%, aluminium 1.5~1.6%,
Silicon 0.75~0.8%, tin 0.75~0.8%, nickel 0.75~0.8%, cobalt 0.75~0.8%, iron 0.75~0.8%, magnesium 0.75~
0.8%, lanthanum 0.1~0.2%, titanium 0.1~0.2%, chromium 0.1~0.2%, zirconium 0.1~0.12%, niobium 0.1~0.12%, remaining surplus
For zinc and inevitable impurity.
The phase composition of the wear-resistant copper alloy is：β phases are matrix, and α phases separate out on crystal boundary in needle-like, manganese silicon, ferro-aluminum, nickel
The reinforcing K phases that silicon, cobalt silicon, iron silicon, the hardening constituent of chromium formation and nickel, iron, aluminium three are formed are uniformly distributed on matrix.
Its Vickers hardness number of manganese silicon compound Hard Inclusion that the manganese and silicon are formed in brass is up to more than 700.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of above-mentioned wear-resistant copper alloy, mainly comprises the following steps that：
（1）Melting：The smelting temperature is 1160 DEG C ~ 1200 DEG C, is covered using glass and borax during melting；Using 10% copper
In chromium intermediate alloy, 40% copper zirconium intermediate alloy, 20% cupro-nickel intermediate alloy, 20% copper and iron intermediate alloy, 10% copper magnesium
Between alloy, 10% copper cobalt intermediate alloy, 10% copper silicon intermediate alloy, 10% copper niobium intermediate alloy, 20% copper titanium among close
Gold, 20% copper lanthanum intermediate alloy carry out melting；Melting casting rate is 200mm/min, and cooling water temperature is less than 35 DEG C；
（2）Strip off the skin：By the surface scale removal of ingot casting, the thickness to strip off the skin is 2 ~ 5mm；
（3）Water seal extrudes：Ingot casting is heated, heating-up temperature is 750 DEG C ~ 900 DEG C, then the ingot casting after heating is extruded, and is squeezed
Pressure ratio is 8 ~ 15, and the velocity of plunger of extruding is 5 ~ 10mm/s；
（4）Stretching：Cold deformation during stretching uses 30% working modulus.
（5）Finishing.
The step（1）It is middle that melting is carried out using intermediate frequency furnace.
The step（1）In glass and the ratio of borax be 3:1, cladding thickness is 100 ~ 150mm.
The step（1）The order of addition of metal is during middle melting：Manganese, iron, nickel, titanium, niobium, chromium, zirconium, cobalt, lanthanum, silicon, aluminium,
Tin, magnesium.
The step（3）The middle line-frequency induction using 2000KW heats to ingot casting, is carried out using 3000T oil pressure extruder
Extruding.
The step（4）In stretcher strain when using 8% emulsion, the temperature control of emulsion at 25 DEG C -30 DEG C,
Antioxidant is added in pH value control in 8.0-8.5, emulsion, and the composition of antioxidant is soda ash, and the content of soda ash accounts for emulsification
The 0.05% of the total amount of liquid.
The wear-resistant copper alloy being prepared into according to preparation method provided by the present invention, its tensile strength are more than 650MPa, prolonged
Rate is stretched more than 5%, and there is excellent mechanical property.
Embodiment：
A kind of wear-resistant copper alloy provided by the present invention, it mainly includes following components in percentage by weight：Copper 66~68%, manganese 5
~5.5%, aluminium 1.5~1.6%, silicon 0.75~0.8%, tin 0.75~0.8%, nickel 0.75~0.8%, cobalt 0.75~0.8%, iron 0.75
~0.8%, magnesium 0.75~0.8%, lanthanum 0.1~0.2%, titanium 0.1~0.2%, chromium 0.1~0.2%, zirconium 0.1~0.12%, niobium 0.1~
0.12%, remaining surplus is zinc and inevitable impurity.The phase composition of wear-resistant copper alloy is：β phases are matrix, and α phases are in crystal boundary
Reinforcing K upper to be separated out in needle-like, that manganese silicon, ferro-aluminum, nisiloy, cobalt silicon, iron silicon, the hardening constituent of chromium formation and nickel, iron, aluminium three are formed
Mutually it is uniformly distributed on matrix.
In above-mentioned wear-resistant copper alloy, the Action Specification of each addO-on therapy is as follows：
The purpose of addition aluminium is to improve its intensity and hardness by solution strengthening, is cut caused by effective alleviation material is unleaded
Hydraulic performance decline is cut, while aluminium can effectively improve material atmospheric corrosion resistance.
Because manganese and zinc can largely be solid-solution in copper, solution strengthening effect is played, in certain compositional range, copper can be formed
MnZn ternary solid solution, make alloy that there is good hot and cold processing characteristics and higher yield point temperature, the heat for improving alloy is steady
It is qualitative.
And silicon is as main alloy element, it is with manganese, nickel etc. can form Hard Inclusion compound, improve the wear-resistant of material
Performance simultaneously reduces the coefficient of friction between pairing friction pair.
Manganese and silicon can form Vickers hardness in brass（HV）It is worth the manganese silicon compound Hard Inclusion up to more than 700, is rubbing
Played a supporting role during wiping, reduce the contact surface between friction pair, so as to reduce the coefficient of friction of pairing friction pair, due to
The high rigidity characteristic of manganese silicon compound can effectively lift the abrasion resistance properties of copper alloy again.
The effect of Rare Earth Lanthanum is mainly desulfurization, deoxidation, crystal grain thinning, refining and the high-temperature behavior for improving material.
The effect of cobalt is mainly played by solution strengthening and improves alloy substrate hardness, strengthens the mechanical performance of alloy, cobalt
It too high levels, can not be completely dissolved under alloy casting temperature, form the simple substance point of cobalt, influence the moulding of alloy, it is too low then strong
Change DeGrain.
Chromium effect is mainly played by solution strengthening improves alloy substrate hardness, strengthens the mechanical performance of alloy, chromium contains
Measure too high, can not be completely dissolved under alloy casting temperature, form the simple substance point of chromium, influence the moulding of alloy, it is too low, strengthen
DeGrain.
The main function of nickel adds and forms the wear-resisting particle of nisiloy simultaneously with silicon, improves the abrasion resistance properties of material, while nickel
Alpha phase zone can be expanded, increase α Phase Proportions, wear-resisting particle is played a protective role, prevents wear-resisting particle from largely being taken off in friction process
The phenomenon fallen, but too high nickel content can cause α phases excessive, cause the mechanical performance of material to decline.
Iron act as crystal grain thinning, improves the mechanical property of material, and forms irony point, is formed around irony point few
Loose, the formation " void effect " of amount, the cutting ability of raising material that can be suitably.
The effect of magnesium is to improve the mobility of alloy.
Zirconium with crystal grain thinning, can improve the intensity of alloy.
Its step of preparation process of the wear-resistant copper alloy of said components is：Melting → strip off the skin → water seal extruding → stretching → essence
Whole, specific process conditions will be given below embodiment.
Embodiment 1：Using 10% copper chromium intermediate alloy, 40% copper zirconium intermediate alloy, 20% cupro-nickel intermediate alloy, 20%
Copper and iron intermediate alloy, 10% copper magnesium intermediate alloy, 10% copper cobalt intermediate alloy, 10% copper silicon intermediate alloy, 10% copper
Niobium intermediate alloy, 20% copper titanium intermediate alloy, 20% copper lanthanum intermediate alloy carry out melting, and the order of addition of metal is such as during melting
Under：Manganese, iron, nickel, titanium, niobium, chromium, zirconium, cobalt, lanthanum, silicon, aluminium, tin, magnesium.Intermediate frequency furnace is used during melting, smelting temperature is 1160 DEG C,
And covered with glass and borax, the ratio of glass and borax is 3:1, cladding thickness 100mm.Melting casting rate is 200mm/
Min, cooling water temperature are less than 35 DEG C.Melting is finished debris such as the surface scale removals of ingot casting, and the thickness to strip off the skin is 2mm.
Then, ingot casting is heated using 2000KW line-frequency induction, heating-up temperature is 750 DEG C, then is extruded using 3000T oil pressure
Machine is extruded, extrusion ratio 8, and the velocity of plunger of extruding is 5mm/s.Entered in the cold deformation of stretching using 30% working modulus
Row stretcher strain, during stretcher strain using 8% emulsion, the temperature of emulsion is 25 DEG C, pH value 8.0, is added in emulsion
Antioxidant, the composition of antioxidant is soda ash, and the content of soda ash accounts for the 0.05% of the total amount of emulsion.Finally finishing is carried out again
Processing.
Embodiment 2：Using 10% copper chromium intermediate alloy, 40% copper zirconium intermediate alloy, 20% cupro-nickel intermediate alloy, 20%
Copper and iron intermediate alloy, 10% copper magnesium intermediate alloy, 10% copper cobalt intermediate alloy, 10% copper silicon intermediate alloy, 10% copper
Niobium intermediate alloy, 20% copper titanium intermediate alloy, 20% copper lanthanum intermediate alloy carry out melting, and the order of addition of metal is such as during melting
Under：Manganese, iron, nickel, titanium, niobium, chromium, zirconium, cobalt, lanthanum, silicon, aluminium, tin, magnesium.Intermediate frequency furnace is used during melting, smelting temperature is 1200 DEG C,
And covered with glass and borax, the ratio of glass and borax is 3:1, cladding thickness 150mm.Melting casting rate is 200mm/
Min, cooling water temperature are less than 35 DEG C.Melting is finished debris such as the surface scale removals of ingot casting, and the thickness to strip off the skin is 5mm.
Then, ingot casting is heated using 2000KW line-frequency induction, heating-up temperature is 900 DEG C, then is extruded using 3000T oil pressure
Machine is extruded, extrusion ratio 15, and the velocity of plunger of extruding is 10mm/s.30% working modulus is used in the cold deformation of stretching
Be draw textured, during stretcher strain using 8% emulsion, the temperature of emulsion is 30 DEG C, pH value 8.5, is added in emulsion
Add antioxidant, the composition of antioxidant is soda ash, and the content of soda ash accounts for the 0.05% of the total amount of emulsion.Finally essence is carried out again
Whole processing.
Embodiment 3：Using 10% copper chromium intermediate alloy, 40% copper zirconium intermediate alloy, 20% cupro-nickel intermediate alloy, 20%
Copper and iron intermediate alloy, 10% copper magnesium intermediate alloy, 10% copper cobalt intermediate alloy, 10% copper silicon intermediate alloy, 10% copper
Niobium intermediate alloy, 20% copper titanium intermediate alloy, 20% copper lanthanum intermediate alloy carry out melting, and the order of addition of metal is such as during melting
Under：Manganese, iron, nickel, titanium, niobium, chromium, zirconium, cobalt, lanthanum, silicon, aluminium, tin, magnesium.Intermediate frequency furnace is used during melting, smelting temperature is 1175 DEG C,
And covered with glass and borax, the ratio of glass and borax is 3:1, cladding thickness 120mm.Melting casting rate is 200mm/
Min, cooling water temperature are less than 35 DEG C.Melting is finished debris such as the surface scale removals of ingot casting, and the thickness to strip off the skin is 3mm.
Then, ingot casting is heated using 2000KW line-frequency induction, heating-up temperature is 800 DEG C, then is extruded using 3000T oil pressure
Machine is extruded, extrusion ratio 10, and the velocity of plunger of extruding is 7mm/s.Entered in the cold deformation of stretching using 30% working modulus
Row stretcher strain, during stretcher strain using 8% emulsion, the temperature of emulsion is 27 DEG C, pH value 8.2, is added in emulsion
Antioxidant, the composition of antioxidant is soda ash, and the content of soda ash accounts for the 0.05% of the total amount of emulsion.Finally finishing is carried out again
Processing.
Embodiment 4：Using 10% copper chromium intermediate alloy, 40% copper zirconium intermediate alloy, 20% cupro-nickel intermediate alloy, 20%
Copper and iron intermediate alloy, 10% copper magnesium intermediate alloy, 10% copper cobalt intermediate alloy, 10% copper silicon intermediate alloy, 10% copper
Niobium intermediate alloy, 20% copper titanium intermediate alloy, 20% copper lanthanum intermediate alloy carry out melting, and the order of addition of metal is such as during melting
Under：Manganese, iron, nickel, titanium, niobium, chromium, zirconium, cobalt, lanthanum, silicon, aluminium, tin, magnesium.Intermediate frequency furnace is used during melting, smelting temperature is 1185 DEG C,
And covered with glass and borax, the ratio of glass and borax is 3:1, cladding thickness 140mm.Melting casting rate is 200mm/
Min, cooling water temperature are less than 35 DEG C.Melting is finished debris such as the surface scale removals of ingot casting, and the thickness to strip off the skin is 4mm.
Then, ingot casting is heated using 2000KW line-frequency induction, heating-up temperature is 850 DEG C, then is extruded using 3000T oil pressure
Machine is extruded, extrusion ratio 13, and the velocity of plunger of extruding is 9mm/s.Entered in the cold deformation of stretching using 30% working modulus
Row stretcher strain, during stretcher strain using 8% emulsion, the temperature of emulsion is 29 DEG C, pH value 8.4, is added in emulsion
Antioxidant, the composition of antioxidant is soda ash, and the content of soda ash accounts for the 0.05% of the total amount of emulsion.Finally finishing is carried out again
Processing.
The wear-resistant copper alloy being prepared according to above-described embodiment, its tensile strength are more than 650MPa, and elongation percentage is more than 5%.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention and it is unrestricted, those of ordinary skill in the art are to this hair
Other modifications or equivalent substitution that bright technical scheme is made, without departing from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention,
It all should cover in scope of the presently claimed invention.
Claims (9)
- A kind of 1. wear-resistant copper alloy, it is characterised in that：Including following components in percentage by weight：Copper 66~68%, manganese 5~5.5%, Aluminium 1.5~1.6%, silicon 0.75~0.8%, tin 0.75~0.8%, nickel 0.75~0.8%, cobalt 0.75~0.8%, iron 0.75~0.8%, Magnesium 0.75~0.8%, lanthanum 0.1~0.2%, titanium 0.1~0.2%, chromium 0.1~0.2%, zirconium 0.1~0.12%, niobium 0.1~0.12%, its Remaining surplus is zinc and inevitable impurity.
- A kind of 2. wear-resistant copper alloy according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The phase composition of the wear-resistant copper alloy is：β It is mutually matrix, α phases separate out on crystal boundary in needle-like, manganese silicon, ferro-aluminum, nisiloy, cobalt silicon, iron silicon, the hardening constituent of chromium formation and nickel, The reinforcing K phases that iron, aluminium three are formed are uniformly distributed on matrix.
- A kind of 3. wear-resistant copper alloy according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The manganese that the manganese and silicon are formed in brass Its Vickers hardness number of silicon compound Hard Inclusion is up to more than 700.
- A kind of 4. preparation method of any wear-resistant copper alloy as described in claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that：Including with Lower processing step：（1）Melting：The smelting temperature is 1160 DEG C ~ 1200 DEG C, is covered using glass and borax during melting；Using 10% copper In chromium intermediate alloy, 40% copper zirconium intermediate alloy, 20% cupro-nickel intermediate alloy, 20% copper and iron intermediate alloy, 10% copper magnesium Between alloy, 10% copper cobalt intermediate alloy, 10% copper silicon intermediate alloy, 10% copper niobium intermediate alloy, 20% copper titanium among close Gold, 20% copper lanthanum intermediate alloy carry out melting；Melting casting rate is 200mm/min, and cooling water temperature is less than 35 DEG C；（2）Strip off the skin：By the surface scale removal of ingot casting, the thickness to strip off the skin is 2 ~ 5mm；（3）Water seal extrudes：Ingot casting is heated, heating-up temperature is 750 DEG C ~ 900 DEG C, then the ingot casting after heating is extruded, and is squeezed Pressure ratio is 8 ~ 15, and the velocity of plunger of extruding is 5 ~ 10mm/s；（4）Stretching：Cold deformation during stretching uses 30% working modulus；（5）Finishing.
- A kind of 5. preparation method of wear-resistant copper alloy according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The step（1）In adopt Melting is carried out with intermediate frequency furnace.
- A kind of 6. preparation method of wear-resistant copper alloy according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The step（1）In The ratio of glass and borax is 3:1, cladding thickness is 100 ~ 150mm.
- A kind of 7. preparation method of wear-resistant copper alloy according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The step（1）In melt The order of addition of metal is during refining：Manganese, iron, nickel, titanium, niobium, chromium, zirconium, cobalt, lanthanum, silicon, aluminium, tin, magnesium.
- A kind of 8. preparation method of wear-resistant copper alloy according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The step（3）In adopt Ingot casting is heated with 2000KW line-frequency induction, extruded using 3000T oil pressure extruder.
- 9. the preparation method of any wear-resistant copper alloy according to claim 4 to 8, it is characterised in that：The step （4）In stretcher strain when using 8% emulsion, at 25 DEG C -30 DEG C, pH value is controlled in 8.0- for the temperature control of emulsion 8.5, antioxidant is added in emulsion, and the composition of antioxidant is soda ash, and the content of soda ash accounts for the total amount of emulsion 0.05%。
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108501472A (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-09-07 | 苏州弗士曼精密机械有限公司 | A kind of high rigidity metal product |
| CN109055808A (en) * | 2018-10-26 | 2018-12-21 | 浙江星康铜业有限公司 | A kind of ormolu |
| CN115404378A (en) * | 2022-09-30 | 2022-11-29 | 宁波金田铜业(集团)股份有限公司 | Wear-resistant copper alloy and preparation method of square rod thereof |
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| CN102925743A (en) * | 2012-11-12 | 2013-02-13 | 宁波博威合金材料股份有限公司 | Lead-free wear-resistant copper alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN106119600A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2016-11-16 | 芜湖楚江合金铜材有限公司 | Copper alloy wire that a kind of environmental protection high-quality is wear-resisting and processing technique thereof |
| CN106238460A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2016-12-21 | 芜湖楚江合金铜材有限公司 | Copper alloy wire that a kind of high accuracy is wear-resisting and processing technique thereof |
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| CN102925743A (en) * | 2012-11-12 | 2013-02-13 | 宁波博威合金材料股份有限公司 | Lead-free wear-resistant copper alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN106119600A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2016-11-16 | 芜湖楚江合金铜材有限公司 | Copper alloy wire that a kind of environmental protection high-quality is wear-resisting and processing technique thereof |
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| CN108501472A (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-09-07 | 苏州弗士曼精密机械有限公司 | A kind of high rigidity metal product |
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| CN115404378A (en) * | 2022-09-30 | 2022-11-29 | 宁波金田铜业(集团)股份有限公司 | Wear-resistant copper alloy and preparation method of square rod thereof |
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Application publication date: 20180223 |