CN107723342A - A kind of telomere probe and its preparation method and application - Google Patents
A kind of telomere probe and its preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of telomere probe and its preparation method and application, the telomere probe is to be coupled single stranded DNA in CdSSe/ZnS quantum dot surfaces, the telomere probe can be attached to cell telomere by hybridization in situ technique, the telomere for having hybridized telomere probe is imaged with unimolecule location technology, realizes the detection to telomere.The present invention realizes the specific marker of telomere, is imaged using unimolecule position finding microscope, and resolution ratio is higher, overcomes the shortcomings that limitation by optical diffraction limit of fluorescence microscopy, and the further research of opposite end kernel structure can be realized using the present invention.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to DNA probe and its preparation method and application, more particularly to a kind of telomere probe and preparation method thereof
And application.
Background technology
Telomere is a kind of special construction of eucaryote end of chromosome, is the series connection weight rich in G nucleotide in its sequence
Complex sequences.Chromosomal DNA end, which is expanded, to granulate, and is covered as cap at the both ends of every chromatid, therefore, each pair dyeing
Body has 2 chromatids and 4 telomeres.There are many differences in the end that the structure and chromosome breakage are formed, such as can not be mutual
Fusion, and only when end of chromosome structural integrity, cell ability reproducible.In vertebrate telomeric sequence be by
The duplex structure that TTAGGG repetitive sequences and its complementary series are formed, and wherein one single-stranded 3 ' overhangs on outside, constitutes
A kind of overhang structure by hundreds of base compositions.This overhang structure forms a ring-type knot by folding effect and double-strand again
Structure (T rings, t-loop), plays a protective role to end of chromosome.During DNA replication dna, end of chromosome has one end hereditary
Information cannot be replicated, so in average person's cell, the end of telomere can be gradually shortened with periodic repetitions, and this is just limited
The multiplication capacity of cell is made, when to a certain boundaries for certain, cell will stop dividing and apoptosis.Telomere be not to be considered only as with
Cell ageing is relevant, but also relevant with many diseases.So the research of telomere is significant in field of cancer treatment.
The common method of some research telomeres existing at present：Southern blotting technique method, Hybridization Protection Assay method (HPA), quantify
PCR methods (PCR), single telomere length analytic approach (STELA), but these methods all there are problems that it is various, such as can not be thin
Born of the same parents' level provides detailed telomere information, and uneven primer annealing may cause telomere length to measure insufficient and primer certainly
The problems such as may hybridizing between body.And fluorescence in situ hybridization technique (FISH) is specific using telomere, directly by probe mark
Note is not only simple to operate with reference to fluorescence microscopy on telomeric sequence, and the small telomere probe of size adds entrance
The infiltration degree of cell.Generally, the fluorescence microscopy that FISH technology uses, its imaging resolution are limited by optical diffraction limit,
Typically it can only achieve 200-300nm.This resolution ratio causes people can not meticulously to be observed telomere.
Optical ultra-discrimination imaging breaches diffraction limit limitation, reaches higher spatial resolution.It is currently used for super-resolution
The technology of imaging mainly includes 3 classes：Stimulated emission depletion (STED) technology and Structured Illumination microscope based on light modulation
(SIM) technology and photoactivation position finding microscope (SMLM) and random optical reconstruct microscope based on unimolecule positioning
(STORM).Compared to STED and SIM technologies, the imaging resolution of unimolecule position finding microscope (SMLM) is higher, and this causes single point
Sub- location technology is found broad application in biomedical sector.Therefore, telomere imaging is carried out using unimolecule location technology, be expected to
The structure of telomere is in depth studied.
The content of the invention
Goal of the invention：Detecting step complexity and detection inaccuracy of the invention in order to overcome telomere to be run into detecting is asked
Topic, there is provided a kind of this telomere probe, realize the accurate detection of telomere.Present invention also offers the preparation method of the telomere probe
And its application.
Technical scheme：A kind of telomere probe of the present invention, it is to be coupled single stranded DNA in CdSSe/ZnS quantum dot surfaces；
The single stranded DNA is coupled by the amino at 5 ' ends and the carboxyl ligand of CdSSe/ZnS quantum dot surfaces；The single-stranded DNA sequence
For 3 '-AATCCCAATCCCAATCCCTTTTT- (NH2)6-5’。
The preparation method of above-mentioned telomere probe, is comprised the steps of：
(1) oil phase quantum dot phase inversion：Oil phase CdSSe/ZnS quantum dots are dissolved in chloroform, add mercaptopropionic acid, are mixed
TMAH regulation solution ph, stirring reaction are added after closing uniformly；After reaction terminates, water is added into solution,
Stirring, stratification, takes supernatant；Absolute ethyl alcohol precipitation is added in supernatant, centrifugation removes supernatant, and gained is precipitated as
Aqueous phase CdSSe/ZnS quantum dots；Oil phase CdSSe/ZnS quantum dots are converted into aqueous phase CdSSe/ZnS quantum dots, reason is to make
CdSSe/ZnS quantum dots meet requirement of the unimolecule location technology to fluorescence probe, i.e., quantum dot is in the aqueous solution or phosphate
Scintillation fluor behavior under being excited in buffer solution with Single wavelength.
(2) synthesis of telomere probe：The aqueous phase CdSSe/ZnS quantum dots of gained in step (1) are dissolved in the aqueous solution, added
NHS and EDC solution, it is single-stranded to add DNA, reacts to obtain telomere probe.
The aqueous solution can also replace with PBS solution simultaneously.
NHS is n-hydroxysuccinimide, and EDC is 1- (3- dimethylamino-propyls) -3- ethyl-carbodiimide hydrochlorides, is used
In activated carboxyl.
In step (1), the oil phase CdSSe/ZnS quantum dots are 25 with mercaptopropionic acid mass volume ratio:1-5mg/mL.
In step (1), solution ph is adjusted with TMAH so that pH value >=11 of reaction solution.
In step (2), the quality mol ratio of the aqueous phase CdSSe/ZnS quantum dots, NHS and EDC is 100-300:1:1g/
mol/mol。
In step (2), the quality mol ratio of the aqueous phase CdSSe/ZnS quantum dots and single stranded DNA is 50-150:1g/
mol。
Above-mentioned oil phase quantum dot need to carry out processing early stage when subsequently being synthesized, and oil phase quantum dot is first dissolved in anhydrous
In ethanol, rock uniformly, be then centrifuged for precipitating, gained precipitation is subjected to follow-up experiment.
Oil phase CdSSe/ZnS quantum dots are converted into aqueous phase CdSSe/ZnS quantum dots in the present invention, can control reactant
Dosage realizes conversion completely.
Application of the above-mentioned telomere probe in telomere detection.Method is：(1) cell is fixed, adds TritonX-100,
Then cleaned with PBS solution；(2) RNase enzymolysis is added into the cell after step (1) processing, then adds stomach cardia
Enzyme digests；(3) the cell ethanol dehydration of step (2) processing will be passed through, heating, telomere probe is added and hybridized；(4) will be through
The cell of processing carries out super-resolution micro-imaging in step (3), detects telomere.
Above-mentioned telomere probe is used to detect the method that telomere is the telomere super-resolution imaging based on fluorescence in situ hybridization technique,
Specific method is：
Cell is inoculated in octal plate and is incubated 24h, discards nutrient solution afterwards, adds 4% paraformaldehyde (4% poly
Contain 0.1% glutaraldehyde in formalin) after fixed cell 20min, it is clear with phosphate buffer (PBS, pH 7.4,10mmol/L)
Wash 2 times；Add 100-200 μ L 1%Triton X-100 or 2% Triton X-100 solution, slight wobble cell 30min
To increase the permeability of cell, cleaned 2 times with PBS solution；After adding the μ g/mL-200 μ g/mL of 100-200 μ L 100 RNase
37 DEG C of insulating box reaction 20-30min are placed in, PBS solution is cleaned 2 times；Add 100-200 μ L0.005-0.01% pepsin
Solution is placed in 37 DEG C of insulating box reaction 10-20min, and PBS solution is cleaned 2 times；With 70% ethanol, 85% ethanol and pure absolute ethyl alcohol
Carry out serial dehydration；The octal plate is placed in into heating 5-10min in 85 DEG C of baking oven is denatured cell DNA；Add 100-150 μ L
0.1-0.3 μ g/mL telomere probe solution, after 85 DEG C are reacted 10-20min, move to 37 DEG C of insulating box overnight hybridization, this process
In should prevent solution from evaporating eight pore plate by sealing；After discarding unnecessary probe solution, the octal plate is placed in 55-60 DEG C of perseverance
In tepidarium shaking table, gently cleaned 2 times with the PBS solution containing 0.1%Tween 20, clean duration 10-20min every time；
Finally, cleaning solution is discarded, after adding PBS solution or deionized water, carries out super-resolution microscope imaging.
The present invention utilizes FISH (FISH) technology, and telomere probe uses CdSSe/ZnS quantum dots as fluorescence
Group, telomere probe is hybridized on intracellular telomere, realizes the fluorescence labeling of telomere；Using unimolecule location technology to hybridization
The telomere of probe carries out super-resolution positioning and imaging, the spatial resolution of unimolecule location technology are prominent so as to realize up to 50nm
The super-resolution imaging of broken optical diffraction limit (200-300nm).Unimolecule positioning super-resolution optical imaging of the present invention
Technology is SMLM (i.e. single molecule localization microscopy) technology.
Unless otherwise indicated, heretofore described " % " is mass percentage concentration.
Beneficial effect：The present invention uses has the CdSSe/ZnS quantum dots of scintillation fluor effect as telomere in aqueous phase
The fluorophor of probe, meet the application requirement of unimolecule location technology, probe quantum yield is high, on-off times are more, light is stable
Property is good, improves the resolution ratio that unimolecule is positioned to picture；The telomere probe of the present invention carries out super-resolution imaging, resolution ratio to telomere
Up to 50nm, can be achieved to telomere meticulously imaging observation；The telomere probe of the present invention is overcome in traditional FISH technology, glimmering
Light blob is organic dye molecule, unimolecule be positioned to as when easily bleach, need two beam laser irradiate and need it is poisonous into
As the shortcomings that buffer solution, the telomere probe of the invention photostability in imaging is high, only needs a branch of exciting light, poisonous does not buffer
Liquid, it enormously simplify imaging experiment.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 telomere probe scintillation fluor figures of the present invention；
The optical ultra-discrimination imaging figure of the telomere of Fig. 2 telomere probe detections of the present invention.
Embodiment
First, raw material sources
1st, PBS pH=7.4, concentration are 10mmol/L PBS；
2nd, oil phase CdSSe/ZnS quantum dots are that nano-crystal Science and Technology Ltd. provides；
3rd, DNA is that Sangon Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. provides；
4th, tumour cell is SKBR3 cells；
5th, 2 × SSC solution is Saline sodiumcitrate buffer, and from Xiamen, Hui Jia biotechnologies are limited
Company；
6th, remaining material is commercially available gained.
2nd, the preparation of telomere probe
Embodiment 1：Take 0.5mL oil phase CdSSe/ZnS quantum dot solutions (oil phase CdSSe/ZnS quantum dot solution concentration
For 5mg/mL), it is dissolved in 1.5mL absolute ethyl alcohol, rocks uniformly, 8000round/min rotating speeds centrifugation 20min, centrifugation is once.
Supernatant is removed, 2ml chloroform is added, 100 μ L mercaptopropionic acid, stirs, add 200 μ L tetramethyl hydroxides
Ammonium, adjust pH value of solution so that pH value of solution >=11, be stirred vigorously the deionized water of addition 2mL after 1.5-2h, stand and divide after stirring
Layer, upper strata is taken, after adding the absolute ethyl alcohol of reaction solution three times volume, 8000rmp/min rotating speeds centrifugation 20min, centrifuged once,
By gained precipitation with washes of absolute alcohol once, aqueous phase CdSSe/ZnS quantum dots are obtained, by the 2.5mg aqueous phases of above-mentioned preparation
CdSSe/ZnS quantum dots precipitation is dispersed in 2mL water, obtains aqueous phase CdSSe/ZnS quantum dot solutions, and preserving more than 48h in 4 DEG C treats
With.Take 25 μ L aqueous phase CdSSe/ZnS quantum dot solutions to be dissolved in the 450 μ L aqueous solution, add 15 μ L 10mmol/L NHS and
15 μ L 10mmol/L EDC solution, the 50 μ L 10mmol/L single-stranded solution of DNA is added, 4 DEG C of reactions are overnight.Reactant
20min is centrifuged under 6000round/min speed with 10KDa super filter tubes, Ultrafiltration Purifying 3 times, unnecessary quantum dot is removed, obtains telomere
Probe.The fluorescent characteristic of the telomere probe of preparation is shown in into Fig. 1.
Embodiment 2：Take 0.5mL oil phase CdSSe/ZnS quantum dot solutions (oil phase CdSSe/ZnS quantum dot solution concentration
For 5mg/mL), it is dissolved in 1.5mL absolute ethyl alcohol, rocks uniformly, 8000round/min rotating speeds centrifugation 20min, centrifugation is once.
Supernatant is removed, 2ml chloroform is added, 500 μ L mercaptopropionic acid, stirs, add 200 μ L tetramethyl hydroxides
Ammonium, adjust pH value of solution so that pH value of solution >=11, be stirred vigorously the deionized water of addition 2mL after 1.5-2h, stand and divide after stirring
Layer, upper strata is taken, after adding the absolute ethyl alcohol of reaction solution three times volume, 8000rmp is centrifuged, and after 20min, centrifugation, gained is sunk
Shallow lake once, obtains aqueous phase CdSSe/ZnS quantum dots with washes of absolute alcohol, by the 2.5mg aqueous phase CdSSe/ZnS quantum of above-mentioned preparation
Point precipitation is dispersed in 2mL water, obtains aqueous phase CdSSe/ZnS quantum dot solutions, and it is stand-by to preserve more than 48h in 4 DEG C.Take 13 μ L aqueous phases
CdSSe/ZnS quantum dot solutions are dissolved in the 450 μ L aqueous solution, add 15 μ L 10mmol/L NHS and 15 μ L 10mmol/
L EDC solution, the 30 μ L 10mmol/L single-stranded solution of DNA is added, 4 DEG C of reactions are overnight.Reactant 10KDa super filter tubes
20min is centrifuged under 6000round/min speed, Ultrafiltration Purifying 3 times, unnecessary quantum dot is removed, obtains telomere probe.Embodiment 2
The telomere probe property of preparation is the same as embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3：Take 0.5mL oil phase CdSSe/ZnS quantum dot solutions (oil phase CdSSe/ZnS quantum dot solution concentration
For 5mg/mL), it is dissolved in 1.5mL absolute ethyl alcohol, rocks uniformly, 8000round/min rotating speeds centrifugation 20min, centrifugation is once.
Supernatant is removed, 2ml chloroform is added, 300 μ L mercaptopropionic acid, stirs, add 200 μ L tetramethyl hydroxides
Ammonium, adjust pH value of solution so that pH >=11, be stirred vigorously the deionized water of addition 2mL after 1.5-2h, stratification after stirring, take
Upper strata, after adding the absolute ethyl alcohol of reaction solution three times volume, 8000round/min rotating speeds centrifugation 20min, centrifugation once, will
Gained precipitation once, obtains aqueous phase CdSSe/ZnS quantum dots with washes of absolute alcohol, by the 2.5mg aqueous phases CdSSe/ of above-mentioned preparation
ZnS quantum dot precipitation is dispersed in 2mL water, obtains aqueous phase CdSSe/ZnS quantum dot solutions, and it is stand-by to preserve more than 48h in 4 DEG C.Take
36 μ L aqueous phase CdSSe/ZnS quantum dot solutions are dissolved in the 450 μ L aqueous solution, add 15 μ L 10mmol/L NHS and 15 μ L
10mmol/L EDC solution, add the 32 μ L 10mmol/L single-stranded solution of DNA, 4 DEG C of reactions are overnight.Reactant is used
10KDa super filter tubes centrifuge 20min under 6000round/min speed, Ultrafiltration Purifying 3 times, remove unnecessary quantum dot, obtain telomere spy
Pin.Telomere probe property prepared by embodiment 3 is the same as embodiment 1.
3rd, FISH reacts
1st, the preparation of the telomere probe aqueous solution
The telomere probe sample prepared using embodiment 1 is dissolved in PBS solution, the concentration of telomere probe is 0.2 μm of ol/L.
2nd, after 4% paraformaldehyde fixation cell 20min is added in the octal plate for have cell, PBS solution is cleaned 2 times；
150 μ L 1% TritonX-100 is added, for slight wobble cell 30min to increase the permeability of cell, PBS solution cleans 2
It is secondary；37 DEG C of insulating box reaction 20min are placed in after adding the μ g/ml RNase solution of 150 μ L 100, PBS solution is cleaned 2 times；Again plus
The pepsin solutions of 150 μ L 0.005% (solvent is 10mmol HCl) for entering 45 DEG C of the pre-heat treatments are placed in 37 DEG C of insulating box reactions
5min, PBS solution are cleaned 2 times；Again respectively with 70% ethanol solution, 85% ethanol solution and the dehydration of 100% absolute ethyl alcohol；Again will
Octal plate, which is placed in 85 DEG C of baking oven 5min, is denatured DNA；It is eventually adding 0.2 μm of 150 μ L, 85 DEG C of ol/L telomere probes reaction 10min
Afterwards, 37 DEG C of insulating box hybridized overnights are moved to.
The cleaning fluid (containing 0.1% Tween-20 in 2 × SSC solution) of reactant configuration is slight in 55-60 DEG C
Cleaning 2 times, each time 10min is rocked, after cleaning fluid standing 10min is added in room temperature, it is molten to add 100-200 μ L PBS
Super-resolution microscope imaging can be used for after liquid.As a result Fig. 2 is seen.
Fluorescence intensity by can clearly be seen that telomere probe on the figure of Fig. 1 and its partial enlargement manifests work with the time and risen
Fall (i.e. scintillation fluor phenomenon), the telomere probe for illustrating to prepare is positioned to picture suitable for unimolecule.Figure it is seen that this
Telomere probe prepared by invention can be imaged under 50nm resolution ratio, and intensity stabilization, can clearly be seen on SMLM images
Measure the spatial distribution of telomere.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of telomere probe, it is characterised in that the telomere probe is single-stranded to be coupled in CdSSe/ZnS quantum dot surfaces
DNA；The single stranded DNA is coupled by the amino at 5 ' ends and the carboxyl ligand of CdSSe/ZnS quantum dot surfaces；The single stranded DNA
Sequence is 3 '-AATCCCAATCCCAATCCCTTTTT- (NH2)6-5’。
A kind of 2. method for preparing the telomere probe described in claim 1, it is characterised in that comprise the steps of：
(1) oil phase quantum dot phase inversion：Oil phase CdSSe/ZnS quantum dots are dissolved in chloroform, add mercaptopropionic acid, Ran Houyong
TMAH adjusts solution ph, stirring reaction；After reaction terminates, water is added into solution, is stirred, stratification,
Take supernatant；Absolute ethyl alcohol is added in supernatant, is precipitated, centrifugation removes supernatant, and gained is precipitated as aqueous phase CdSSe/ZnS
Quantum dot；
(2) synthesis of telomere probe：The aqueous phase CdSSe/ZnS quantum dots of gained in step (1) are dissolved in the aqueous solution, add NHS
And EDC, stirring, it is single-stranded to add DNA, reacts to obtain telomere probe.
3. the preparation method of telomere probe according to claim 2, it is characterised in that in step (1), the oil phase
CdSSe/ZnS quantum dots are 25 with mercaptopropionic acid mass volume ratio:1-5mg/mL.
4. the preparation method of telomere probe according to claim 2, it is characterised in that in step (1), the pH value of solution >=
11。
5. the preparation method of telomere probe according to claim 2, it is characterised in that in step (2), the aqueous phase
The quality mol ratio of CdSSe/ZnS quantum dots, NHS and EDC is 100-300:1:1g/mol/mol.
6. the preparation method of telomere probe according to claim 2, it is characterised in that in step (2), the aqueous phase
The quality mol ratio of CdSSe/ZnS quantum dots and single stranded DNA is 50-150:1g/mol.
7. as application of the telomere probe described in claim 1 in telomere detection.
8. application of the telomere probe according to claim 7 in telomere detection, the method for the application are：
(1) cell is fixed, adds Triton X-100, then cleaned with PBS solution；
(2) RNase enzymolysis is added into the cell after step (1) processing, then adds pepsin enzymolysis；
(3) the cell ethanol dehydration of step (2) processing will be passed through, heating, telomere probe is added and hybridized；
(4) cell through processing in step (3) is subjected to super-resolution micro-imaging, detects telomere.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108642139A (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2018-10-12 | 东南大学 | A method of detecting telomerase activation using super-resolution imaging |
| CN110333371A (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2019-10-15 | 武汉科技大学 | A kind of gold nano-probe preparation facilities and preparation method thereof |
| CN112592963A (en) * | 2021-01-04 | 2021-04-02 | 东南大学 | Telomere and centromere super-resolution imaging method and probe thereof |
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| CN101381600A (en) * | 2008-10-22 | 2009-03-11 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | Preparation method of biocompatible aqueous phase quantum point |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108642139A (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2018-10-12 | 东南大学 | A method of detecting telomerase activation using super-resolution imaging |
| CN110333371A (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2019-10-15 | 武汉科技大学 | A kind of gold nano-probe preparation facilities and preparation method thereof |
| CN112592963A (en) * | 2021-01-04 | 2021-04-02 | 东南大学 | Telomere and centromere super-resolution imaging method and probe thereof |
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