CN107722945B - Low-temperature liquid medium - Google Patents
Low-temperature liquid medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN107722945B CN107722945B CN201710817332.2A CN201710817332A CN107722945B CN 107722945 B CN107722945 B CN 107722945B CN 201710817332 A CN201710817332 A CN 201710817332A CN 107722945 B CN107722945 B CN 107722945B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/08—Materials not undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/10—Liquid materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/06—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to solid or vice versa
- C09K5/066—Cooling mixtures; De-icing compositions
Abstract
The low-temperature liquid medium provided by the invention comprises at least one of an alkane composition, an olefin composition, an alcohol composition and an ether composition, wherein the hydrocarbon composition, the olefin composition, the alcohol composition and the ether composition respectively comprise corresponding substances which have melting points lower than-110 ℃ and standard boiling points higher than 50 ℃ and are nontoxic and harmless, and the low-temperature liquid medium consists of a single substance or a binary, ternary and multicomponent mixture thereof which has melting points lower than-110 ℃ and standard boiling points higher than 50 ℃ and is nontoxic and harmless, has low normal-pressure boiling point and is difficult to volatilize, and can realize low temperature, particularly the liquid requirement below-110 ℃ by utilizing a specific mixture eutectic crystal.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of low temperature, in particular to a low-temperature liquid medium.
Background
The constant temperature liquid bath is widely used in the fields of petroleum, chemical industry, electronic instruments, physics, chemistry, bioengineering, medical health, life science, light industry food, physical property test, chemical analysis and the like, provides a field source with controlled heat and cold and uniform and constant temperature, performs constant temperature test or test on a test sample or a produced product, and can also be used as a heat source or a cold source for direct heating or refrigeration and auxiliary heating or refrigeration. Because the liquid density is large, the heat capacity is high, the constant temperature precision is easier to realize than that of air or other gas baths, and the constant temperature liquid bath is less susceptible to environmental interference, so the constant temperature liquid bath is more widely applied than the gas bath.
Patent ZL96244411.1, patent CN201320651525.2, patent CN200820121106.7, patent 200910200263.6, patent 200920214476.X, patent 201310221426.5 and the like disclose thermostatic bath structures and media used therein, but no liquid media suitable for temperatures of-110 ℃ and lower are known, and some manufacturing companies such as the fuke company in the united states do not have related products at temperatures below-110 ℃. The fundamental reason for this is the lack of a suitable liquid medium in this temperature region. Although the three phase points of the substances such as methane, ethane, propane, butane, R124, R22, R32 and the like are very low, the substances can exist in a liquid form at-150 ℃ or even-180 ℃, but are extremely volatile due to an overlarge atmospheric boiling point; although common constant temperature bath media such as methanol, ethanol, propanol and the like have high boiling point and are not easy to volatilize, the constant temperature bath media are limited by three phase points, have extremely high viscosity at about-110 ℃, are difficult to ensure the uniform temperature requirement of the constant temperature bath. Therefore, despite the wide constant temperature requirements (such as temperature calibration) for the temperature range of-110 ℃ and below, no relevant products are available in the market at present due to the lack of liquid medium.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, there is a need to provide a cryogenic liquid medium suitable for use with liquid media having a temperature of-110 ℃ and below, in response to the deficiencies of the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a low-temperature liquid medium comprises any one of an alkane composition, an olefin composition, an alcohol composition and an ether composition, wherein the alkane composition comprises alkane which has a melting point of lower than-110 ℃ and a standard boiling point of higher than 50 ℃ and is non-toxic and harmless, the olefin composition comprises alkene which has a melting point of lower than-110 ℃ and a standard boiling point of higher than 50 ℃ and is non-toxic and harmless, the alcohol composition comprises alcohol which has a melting point of lower than-110 ℃ and a standard boiling point of higher than 50 ℃ and is non-toxic and harmless, and the ether composition comprises ether which has a melting point of lower than-110 ℃ and a standard boiling point of higher than 50 ℃ and is non-toxic and harmless.
A cryogenic liquid medium comprising an alkane composition comprising non-toxic and harmless alkanes having a melting point below-110 ℃ and a normal boiling point above 50 ℃ and an olefin composition comprising non-toxic and harmless alkenes having a melting point below-110 ℃ and a normal boiling point above 50 ℃.
A low temperature liquid medium comprises an alcohol composition and an ether composition, wherein the alcohol composition comprises non-toxic and harmless alcohols with melting points lower than-110 ℃ and standard boiling points higher than 50 ℃, and the ether composition comprises non-toxic and harmless ethers with melting points lower than-110 ℃ and standard boiling points higher than 50 ℃.
In some preferred embodiments, the alkane comprises at least one of 2, 4-dimethylpentane, 2-dimethylpentane, methylcyclohexane, 2, 3-dimethylbutane, 2, 3-dimethylpentane, 3-dimethylpentane, ethylcyclopentane, methylcyclopentane, isohexane, methylpentane.
In some preferred embodiments the olefin comprises trans-3, 4-dimethyl-2-pentene, 2-methyl-2-hexene, 2-ethyl-1-butene, trans-2-hexene, 3-dimethyl-1-pentene, cis-4-methyl-2-pentene, cis-3-methyl-2-pentene, 2-methyl-1-pentene, 4-dimethyl-1-pentene, cis-3-heptene, trans-3-heptene, 1-hexene, trans-4-methyl-2-pentene, trans-3-heptene, 2-methyl-2-pentene, 2-methyl-1-pentene, 4-dimethyl-1-pentene, cis-3-heptene, 1-hexene, trans-4, At least one of cis-2-hexene, 3-methyl-1-pentene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, and 2, 3-dimethyl-1-butene.
In some preferred embodiments, the alcohol comprises at least one of ethanol, 2-ethyl-1-butanol, sec-butanol, pentanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, n-propanol, ethanol-d 1, deuterated ethanol, and isoamyl mercaptan.
In some preferred embodiments, the ethers include at least one of ethyl nonafluorobutyl ether, methyl nonafluorobutyl ether.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that the method has the advantages that:
in one aspect, the invention provides a low-temperature liquid medium, which comprises at least one of an alkane composition, an alkene composition, an alcohol composition and an ether composition, wherein the hydrocarbon composition, the alkene composition, the alcohol composition and the ether composition each comprise corresponding substances with melting points lower than-110 ℃ and standard boiling points higher than 50 ℃ and are non-toxic and harmless, and the low-temperature liquid medium consists of a single substance or a binary, ternary and multicomponent mixture thereof with melting points lower than-110 ℃ and standard boiling points higher than 50 ℃ and is non-toxic and harmless, so that the low-temperature liquid medium has a low normal-pressure boiling point, is difficult to volatilize, and can meet the cold carrying requirement of-110 ℃ and lower.
On the other hand, the low-temperature liquid medium provided by the invention adopts substances which have no ozone destruction effect, are environment-friendly and harmless to human bodies, and can be suitable for large-scale production and use.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a low-temperature medium provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention to achieve a eutectic temperature.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a low-temperature medium provided in embodiment 2 of the present invention to achieve a eutectic temperature.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a low-temperature medium provided in embodiment 3 of the present invention to achieve a eutectic temperature.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a low-temperature medium provided in embodiment 5 of the present invention to achieve a eutectic temperature.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a low-temperature medium provided in embodiment 6 of the present invention to achieve a eutectic temperature.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The low-temperature liquid medium provided by the invention comprises any one of alkane composition, olefin composition, alcohol composition and ether composition. Wherein:
the alkane composition comprises alkanes which have melting points lower than-110 ℃ and standard boiling points higher than 50 ℃ and are non-toxic and harmless.
In some embodiments, the alkane comprises at least one of 2, 4-dimethylpentane, 2-dimethylpentane, methylcyclohexane, 2, 3-dimethylbutane, 2, 3-dimethylpentane, 3-dimethylpentane, ethylcyclopentane, methylcyclopentane, isohexane, methylpentane.
It is understood that when the alkane includes any of the 2,3 or more substances mentioned above in combination, the combination may achieve a lower melting point than either of the components, and the resultant low temperature liquid medium may serve as a medium in a lower temperature region.
It should be noted that the above examples only list possible substances of alkanes, and in practice are not limited to them, as long as alkanes having a melting point lower than-110 ℃ and a normal boiling point higher than 50 ℃ and being non-toxic and harmless can be used in the cryogenic liquid medium.
The olefin composition comprises non-toxic and harmless olefin with melting point lower than-110 ℃ and standard boiling point higher than 50 ℃. In some embodiments, the olefin comprises trans-3, 4-dimethyl-2-pentene, 2-methyl-2-hexene, 2-ethyl-1-butene, trans-2-hexene, 3-dimethyl-1-pentene, cis-4-methyl-2-pentene, cis-3-methyl-2-pentene, 2-methyl-1-pentene, 4-dimethyl-1-pentene, cis-3-heptene, trans-3-heptene, 1-hexene, trans-4-methyl-2-pentene, trans-2-pentene, 2-methyl-2-pentene, 2, 4-dimethyl-1-pentene, cis-3-heptene, 2-methyl-2-pentene, 2, at least one of cis-2-hexene, 3-methyl-1-pentene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, and 2, 3-dimethyl-1-butene.
It is understood that when the olefin includes any of the 2,3 or more of the above-mentioned materials in combination, the combination may achieve a lower melting point than either of the components thereof, and the resultant low temperature liquid medium may serve as a medium in a lower temperature region.
It should be noted that the above examples only list possible substances of olefins, and in practice are not limited to the above substances, as long as olefins having melting points below-110 ℃ and normal boiling points above 50 ℃ and being non-toxic and harmless can be used in the cryogenic liquid medium.
The alcohol composition comprises non-toxic and harmless alcohol with melting point lower than-110 ℃ and standard boiling point higher than 50 ℃.
In some embodiments, the alcohols include at least one of ethanol, 2-ethyl-1-butanol, sec-butanol, pentanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, n-propanol, ethanol-d 1, deuterated ethanol, isoamyl mercaptan.
It is understood that when the alcohol includes any of 2,3 or more of the above substances in combination, the combination may achieve a lower melting point than either component thereof, and the resultant low temperature liquid medium may serve as a medium in a lower temperature region.
It should be noted that the above examples only list possible substances of alcohols, and in practice are not limited to the above substances, as long as alcohols having melting points below-110 ℃ and normal boiling points above 50 ℃ and being non-toxic and harmless can be used in the cryogenic liquid medium.
The ether composition comprises ethers which have a melting point lower than-110 ℃ and a standard boiling point higher than 50 ℃ and are non-toxic and harmless.
In some embodiments, the ethers include at least one of ethyl nonafluorobutyl ether, methyl nonafluorobutyl ether.
It will be appreciated that when the ethers include any 2,3 or more of the above in combination, the combination may achieve a lower melting point than either component, and the resultant low temperature liquid medium may serve as a medium in the lower temperature region.
It should be noted that the above examples only list possible ethers, and in practice are not limited to them, as long as the ethers having melting points lower than-110 ℃ and standard boiling points higher than 50 ℃ and being non-toxic and harmless can be used in the cryogenic liquid medium.
In addition, the invention also provides another implementation mode, the low-temperature liquid medium is formed by mixing the compositions in the step 2, namely the alkane composition and the olefin composition, wherein the alkane composition comprises the alkane which has the melting point of lower than-110 ℃ and the normal boiling point of higher than 50 ℃ and is non-toxic and harmless, the olefin composition comprises the olefin which has the melting point of lower than-110 ℃ and the normal boiling point of higher than 50 ℃ and is non-toxic and harmless, and the liquid requirement below-110 ℃ can be realized by adopting the two compositions.
In addition, the invention also provides a third implementation mode, the low-temperature liquid medium is formed by mixing the compositions in the step 2, namely an alcohol composition and an ether composition, wherein the alcohol composition comprises non-toxic and harmless alcohols with the melting point of lower than-110 ℃ and the standard boiling point of higher than 50 ℃, and the ether composition comprises non-toxic and harmless ethers with the melting point of lower than-110 ℃ and the standard boiling point of higher than 50 ℃.
The low-temperature liquid medium provided by the invention comprises an alkane composition, an olefin composition, an alcohol composition and an ether composition, wherein the hydrocarbon composition, the olefin composition, the alcohol composition and the ether composition respectively comprise corresponding substances with melting points lower than-110 ℃ and standard boiling points higher than 50 ℃ and are non-toxic and harmless, and the low-temperature liquid medium consists of a single substance or a binary, ternary and multicomponent mixture thereof with melting points lower than-110 ℃ and standard boiling points higher than 50 ℃ and is non-toxic and harmless, has low normal-pressure boiling point and is difficult to volatilize, and can realize the liquid requirement at low temperature, especially below-110 ℃ by utilizing a specific mixture eutectic crystal.
The above technical solution is described in detail with reference to specific embodiments below.
EXAMPLE 1A liquid Medium suitable for use at-140 deg.C
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a low temperature medium according to embodiment 1 of the present invention for achieving a eutectic temperature. In the embodiment, the low-temperature medium is a binary mixture in the alkane composition, the ethyl cyclopentane and the isohexane are mixed according to a certain proportion, and when the proportion of the ethyl cyclopentane is not more than 50% (molar ratio), the mixture of the ethyl cyclopentane and the isohexane can achieve a solid-liquid phase change temperature lower than the three phase points of the ethyl cyclopentane and the isohexane, so that the low-temperature medium can be used as a liquid medium in a lower temperature zone, particularly, when the molar ratio of the ethyl cyclopentane to the isohexane is 0.314:0.686, the eutectic temperature of the lowest temperature of-160.1 ℃ can be achieved, and under the optimal proportion, the liquid medium requirement of-140 ℃ can be met.
EXAMPLE 2A liquid Medium suitable for temperatures of-150 deg.C
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a low temperature medium according to embodiment 2 of the present invention for achieving a eutectic temperature. In this example, the low temperature medium is a binary mixture of an alkane composition and an olefin composition, and the mixture of isohexane and 4-methyl-1-pentene in a certain ratio can achieve a lower solid-liquid phase transition temperature than their respective triple points at almost any ratio, and thus can be used as a lower temperature region liquid medium, and particularly, the lowest eutectic temperature of-169.3 ℃ can be achieved most preferably when the molar ratio of isohexane to 4-methyl-1-pentene is 0.418: 0.582. Under the optimal proportion, the requirement of a liquid medium at-150 ℃ can be met.
EXAMPLE 3A liquid Medium suitable for temperatures of-150 deg.C
Referring to fig. 3, a schematic diagram of implementing a eutectic temperature for the low-temperature medium provided in embodiment 3 of the present invention. In this example, the low temperature medium is a binary mixture of the olefin composition, and 4-methyl-1-pentene and 2, 3-dimethyl-1-butene are mixed in a certain proportion, and the mixture of the two can realize a solid-liquid phase transition temperature lower than their respective three phase points under almost any proportion, so that the low temperature medium can be used as a lower temperature region liquid medium, and particularly, the eutectic temperature of the lowest temperature of-171.7 ℃ can be realized when the molar ratio of 4-methyl-1-pentene and 2, 3-dimethyl-1-butene is 0.529: 0.471. Under the optimal proportion, the requirement of a liquid medium at-150 ℃ can be met.
EXAMPLE 4A liquid Medium suitable for use at-160 deg.C
In this example, the low temperature medium is a ternary mixture of hydrocarbon composition and olefin composition, and isohexane, 4-methyl-1-pentene and 2, 3-dimethyl-1-butene are mixed in a certain proportion, and the mixture of the three can achieve a lower solid-liquid phase transition temperature than their respective triple points in almost any proportion, so that the low temperature medium can be used as a lower temperature region liquid medium, and particularly, when the molar ratio of isohexane, 4-methyl-1-pentene and 2, 3-dimethyl-1-butene is 0.25:0.25:0.5, the eutectic temperature of the lowest temperature to 176.7 ℃ can be achieved. Under the optimal proportion, the requirement of a liquid medium at-160 ℃ can be met.
EXAMPLE 5A liquid Medium suitable for-120 deg.C
Referring to fig. 4, a schematic diagram of implementing a eutectic temperature for the low-temperature medium provided in embodiment 5 of the present invention. In this example, the low temperature medium is a binary mixture of an alcohol composition, and ethanol and n-propanol are mixed in a ratio such that, when the ratio of ethanol is not more than 75% (molar ratio), the mixture of ethanol and n-propanol can achieve a lower solid-liquid phase transition temperature than their respective triple points, and thus can be used as a lower temperature region liquid medium, and particularly, when the molar ratio of ethanol to n-propanol is 0.473:0.527, the lowest eutectic temperature of-140.1 ℃ can be achieved. Under the optimal proportion, the requirement of a liquid medium at-120 ℃ can be met.
EXAMPLE 6A liquid Medium suitable for use at-130 deg.C
Referring to fig. 5, a schematic diagram of implementing a eutectic temperature for the low-temperature medium provided in embodiment 5 of the present invention. In this example, the low temperature medium is a binary mixture of ether compositions, and the mixture of ethyl nonafluorobutyl ether and methyl nonafluorobutyl ether can achieve a lower solid-liquid phase transition temperature than their respective triple points at almost any ratio, so that the low temperature medium can be used as a lower temperature liquid medium, and particularly, when the molar ratio of ethyl nonafluorobutyl ether to methyl nonafluorobutyl ether is 0.534:0.686, the eutectic temperature of-151.4 ℃ can be achieved as the lowest temperature. Under the optimal proportion, the requirement of a liquid medium at-130 ℃ can be met.
Examples 1-6 above exemplify binary and ternary combinations of some of the materials. With respect to the quaternary combination, a lower eutectic temperature can also be achieved, and will not be illustrated.
Of course, the cryogenic liquid medium of the present invention may have various changes and modifications, and is not limited to the specific structure of the above-described embodiment. In conclusion, the scope of the present invention should include those changes or substitutions and modifications which are obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art.
Claims (2)
1. A cryogenic liquid medium comprising any one of an alkane composition, an olefin composition, an alcohol composition and an ether composition, wherein,
the ethers consist of ethyl nonafluorobutyl ether and methyl nonafluorobutyl ether, and the molar ratio of the ethyl nonafluorobutyl ether to the methyl nonafluorobutyl ether is 0.534: 0.686;
the alkane consists of ethyl cyclopentane and isohexane, and the molar ratio of the ethyl cyclopentane to the isohexane is 0.314: 0.686;
the olefin consists of 4-methyl-1-pentene and 2, 3-dimethyl-1-butene, and the molar ratio of the 4-methyl-1-pentene to the 2, 3-dimethyl-1-butene is 0.529: 0.471;
the alcohol consists of ethanol and n-propanol, and the molar ratio of the ethanol to the n-propanol is 0.473: 0.527.
2. A cryogenic liquid medium comprising an alkane composition and an alkene composition, wherein,
the alkane composition and the olefin composition consist of isohexane and 4-methyl-1-pentene, and the molar ratio of the isohexane to the 4-methyl-1-pentene is 0.418: 0.582; or the alkane composition and the olefin composition consist of isohexane, 4-methyl-1-pentene and 2, 3-dimethyl-1-butene, and the molar ratio of the isohexane, the 4-methyl-1-pentene and the 2, 3-dimethyl-1-butene is 0.25:0.25: 0.5.
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| CN201710817332.2A CN107722945B (en) | 2017-09-12 | 2017-09-12 | Low-temperature liquid medium |
| PCT/CN2018/081227 WO2019052152A1 (en) | 2017-09-12 | 2018-03-30 | Low-temperature liquid medium |
| US16/368,000 US10696884B2 (en) | 2017-09-12 | 2019-03-28 | Cryogenic liquid medium |
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| CN201710817332.2A CN107722945B (en) | 2017-09-12 | 2017-09-12 | Low-temperature liquid medium |
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| US3260060A (en) * | 1964-08-26 | 1966-07-12 | Ryan Ind Inc | Dewar for liquid air and/or other multicomponent cryogenic liquids |
| US3786814A (en) * | 1972-12-15 | 1974-01-22 | T Armao | Method of preventing cryoadhesion of cryosurgical instruments and cryosurgical instruments |
| US6548471B2 (en) * | 1995-01-20 | 2003-04-15 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Alkoxy-substituted perfluorocompounds |
| US5925611A (en) * | 1995-01-20 | 1999-07-20 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Cleaning process and composition |
| CN1192088C (en) * | 1995-05-16 | 2005-03-09 | 美国3M公司 | Azeotrope-like compositions and their use |
| KR100427737B1 (en) * | 1995-05-16 | 2004-07-31 | 미네소타 마이닝 앤드 매뉴팩춰링 캄파니 | Azeotropic Mixture Compositions and Their Uses |
| US5801937A (en) * | 1996-10-16 | 1998-09-01 | American Superconductor Corporation | Uninterruptible power supplies having cooled components |
| US5778680A (en) * | 1997-05-23 | 1998-07-14 | The Boc Group, Inc. | Apparatus for storing a multi-component cryogenic mixture within a container |
| US6866094B2 (en) * | 1997-12-31 | 2005-03-15 | Temptronic Corporation | Temperature-controlled chuck with recovery of circulating temperature control fluid |
| US6684940B1 (en) * | 2002-05-29 | 2004-02-03 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Heat pipe systems using new working fluids |
| US20080092556A1 (en) * | 2004-07-28 | 2008-04-24 | Target Systemelectronic Gmbh | Cryogenic Cooling Device |
| EP1828669A2 (en) * | 2004-12-13 | 2007-09-05 | Cool Clean Technologies, Inc. | Device for applying cryogenic composition and method of using same |
| US8988881B2 (en) * | 2007-12-18 | 2015-03-24 | Sandia Corporation | Heat exchanger device and method for heat removal or transfer |
| AU2011213249B2 (en) * | 2010-02-03 | 2016-05-19 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Systems and methods for using cold liquid to remove solidifiable gas components from process gas streams |
| JP6123742B2 (en) * | 2014-06-23 | 2017-05-10 | マツダ株式会社 | Undercarriage of the vehicle |
| JP2016047882A (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2016-04-07 | 武蔵ホルト株式会社 | Composition for use in deicing and other application, and use thereof |
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| WO2019052152A1 (en) | 2019-03-21 |
| US20190218440A1 (en) | 2019-07-18 |
| CN107722945A (en) | 2018-02-23 |
| US10696884B2 (en) | 2020-06-30 |
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