CN1077216C - Gas compressor or expansion machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The gas compression/expansion apparatus comprises: a working section for compressing/expanding therein a working gas by pistons each connected with a rod; a drive section including sliders each connected at one end thereof with the rod and connected at one end thereof with a guide for guiding the slider, and a drive mechanism for reciprocating the sliders; and a separator for separating the working section from the drive section, permitting said rod to pass through said separator. Formed inside the separator is an intermediate chamber for the inner radius of the intermediate chamber is greater than the radius of the rod plus the oil deposited on the rod, a guide space formed such that the distance between the slider at its upper dead point and the wall of the separator facing the slider is larger than the thickness of the oil on the slider. The separator also includes an oil return passage for allowing the oil accumulated in the guide space to return to an oil sump.

Description

Gas compressor or decompressor

The present invention relates to a kind of by the to-and-fro motion compression of piston or the gas compressor or the decompressor of expanding gas.

In the past, gas compressor or decompressor were used for this special (Sterling) refrigerating machine, Stirling engine and reciprocal compressors etc. of making.

Figure 14 illustrates the concise and to the point formation of this gas compressor or decompressor.Gas compressor or decompressor 100 comprise working part 110 and drive portion 120, working part 110 has piston 111, and by these piston 111 compression or expansion working gass, drive portion 120 passes to piston 111 with tripping force, and two parts are separated by separating part 130 here.In addition, the crank mechanism 121 that is arranged in the drive portion 120 is connected with slide block 123 by connecting rod 122.

In addition, piston 111 is connected by the bar 140 that passes separating part 130 with slide block 123, and rotatablely moving of crank mechanism 121 converted to to-and-fro motion and pass to piston.Thus, by the to-and-fro motion compression of piston 111 or the working gas in the expansion working part 110.

Crank mechanism 121 is lubricated by oil 124, and still, in the time of in mixed people in the oil 124 immersion working part 110 works gas, oil can cause working gas path blockade and working efficiency reduction etc.For this reason, the sealed member 131 be nested on the bar 140 is set in separating part 130, the oil 124 that the sliding friction by sealing parts 131 and bar 140 will stick on the bar 140 is wiped.

Figure 15 shows the part sectional view that sets sealed member 131, and sealed member 131 is installed in the sealing assembly department 132, is exerted pressure towards bar 140 1 sides by back of the body filler 133.The sealing effect of above-mentioned sealed member 131 is to realize by the oil 124 that adhesion is wiped in sealed member 131 and bar 140 sliding frictions, therefore in order to wipe oil 124 completely, must use very strong counterpressure that sealed member 131 is exerted pressure.

But, this 124 the method for deoiling of removing, sealed member 131 can abrasion when long-term the use, cause the problem that sealing effect reduces thus.

In addition, when slide block 123 arrived upper dead center, this slide block 123 shortened apart from the distance of separating part 130, and the oil 124 that sticks on the slide block 123 contacts with separating part 130, can stick in a large number on the separating part 130, immerses sealed department.

Also have, the oil 124 that sticks on the reciprocating slide block 123 splashes towards the direction of sealed member 131 because of the effect of inertial force.Simultaneously, by motion oil 124 is accumulated between slide block 123 and separating part 130, this can cause causing that by slide block 123 thing that oil splashes towards the direction of sealed member 131 takes place.

In case above-mentioned situation takes place, because the to-and-fro motion of bar 140 will be sent oil 124 into working part 110 1 sides slowly, immerse in the working part 110 thereupon, sneak in the working gas, the result causes the decreased performance of gas compression or expansion gear.Device can not be used.In other words, caused the shortening in the life-span of device.

Therefore, to the objective of the invention is in order addressing the above problem, and to provide a kind of oil of avoiding to sneak in the working gas, improve reliability and gas compressor or decompressor that can life-saving thus.

The present invention relates to gas compressor or decompressor, it have hold can the reciprocating piston that is connected with bar one end working part, be used to hold and drive the separating part that the slide block that is connected with the bar the other end separates and bar can be passed along the drive portion of the reciprocating driving mechanism of slider guide portion, with working part and drive portion.

And, be provided with in the mode that comprises bar and place separating part inner and so that the medial compartment that the bar radial dimension forms greater than the mode that sticks to the oily thickness on the bar, the slide block space that forms greater than the mode that sticks to the oily thickness on the slide block with the size that allows between the slide block of separating part and arrival upper dead center and make the oil that is trapped in the slide block space turn back to the oil return apparatus of oil groove.The radial dimension of the bar of this medial compartment is greater than the oily thickness that sticks on the bar.

Thus, the oil that sticks on the slide block is not directly contacted with separating part, simultaneously, can prevent still that when oil seal is not exerted pressure the oil immersion that sticks on the bar from going into working part.

Fig. 1 is the brief configuration figure that this spy of gas compressor of the present invention or decompressor one embodiment makes refrigerating machine.

Fig. 2 is this special partial perspective view that makes that is used to illustrate the oil return gap, wherein, (a) shows the occasion that slide block is vertically arranged, (b) shows the occasion of slide block lateral arrangement.

Fig. 3 is provided with the gas compressor of cup or the structure diagram of decompressor.

Fig. 4 is provided with the gas compressor of oil seal parts or the structure diagram of decompressor on the driving next door.

Fig. 5 is provided with the gas compressor of several cups or the structure diagram of decompressor.

Fig. 6 is the structural drawing when vertically setting cup, and wherein (a) is provided with the gas compressor of this cup or the structure diagram of decompressor, (b) is the partial enlarged drawing of cup.

Fig. 7 is the sectional view that sealing surface is made the oil seal structure of taper.

Fig. 8 adopts sealing surface to make the oil-tightening gas compressor of taper or the sectional view of decompressor major component.

Fig. 9 is the gas sealing structure schematic representation of sealing surface lengthening.

Figure 10 is the gas sealing structure schematic representation that inside has a space.

Figure 11 is the gas sealing structure schematic representation that inside has several spaces.

Figure 12 adopts the gas compressor of the inner gas seal that has several spaces or the structure diagram of decompressor.

Figure 13 is provided with the gas compressor of occasion of cup or the structure diagram of decompressor in the gas seal of Figure 12.

Figure 14 is used to illustrate the gas compressor of conventional art or the structure diagram of decompressor.

Figure 15 is the part sectional view that is used to illustrate the sealed member sealing effect.

Hereinafter with reference to the description of drawings embodiments of the invention.Fig. 1 is the structure diagram that this this spy when oil sealing device of the present invention is used for this spy of positive displacement and makes refrigerating machine makes refrigerating machine.

The present invention makes the refrigerating machine except being applicable to this spy of positive displacement, can also be used for expansion piston Shi Site and make refrigerating machine, Stirling engine and piston type reciprocating compressor etc.The relevant in addition symbol that uses for example in the occasion of slide block with symbol 421 (421a, 421b) expression, when not needing this symbol distinguished especially, is represented 421a and 421b with total symbol 421.

Si Te makes refrigerating machine 10 comprise: the press part 20 of compression work gas, by the discharge portion 30 that this working gas is expanded with the working gas heat exchange, driving force is imposed on the drive portion 400 of press part 20 and discharge portion 30, and the separating part 500 (500a, 500b) that this drive portion 400 and press part 20 are separated, simultaneously drive portion 400 and discharge portion 30 separated, press part 20 and discharge portion 30 constitute working part, in the following description, particularly, represent with working part 20,30 in the occasion that does not need to distinguish press part 20 and discharge portion 30.

Press part 20 have as working gas is compressed or the compression volume 22 of the working space of other work and be contained in this compression volume inside can free reciprocating compression piston 21 etc.Discharge portion 30 has the expansion space 32 that makes the working gas expansion and is contained in can free reciprocating discharger 31 in this expansion space 32.

Press part 20 is communicated with by gas passageway 60 with discharge portion 30, when passing through the mobile working gas in this gas passageway at press part 20 and discharge portion 30 commutes, by compression piston 21 and discharger 31 compressions and the expansion as piston.

Discharger 31 is made of the cold storage apparatus made from for example copper, lead, stainless metal net shaped or spherical cold-accumulating material 33.So, when discharger 31 when the direction of discharge portion 30 moves, to the cold-accumulating material heat release, when discharger 31 moved towards the direction of leaving discharge portion 30, working gas absorbed the heat of cold-accumulating materials to working gas by cold storage apparatus 33 by cold storage apparatus 33R.

Drive portion 400 comprises: the slide block 421 (421a, 421b) that is arranged on the crank mechanism 411 that drives in the space 401, is connected with this crank mechanism 411 by connecting rod 412 (412a, 412b), the motor not shown in the figures etc. that stores the oil groove 413 that lubricates this crank mechanism 411 and slide block 421 and be used to rotate this crank mechanism 411 of being used to that this slide block 421 is led make this slide block 421 reciprocating slider guide 422 (422a, 422) of portion, be arranged on crank mechanism 411 bottoms.

So the driving force that is arranged at the crank mechanism 411 on the drive portion 400 passes to slide block 421 by connecting rod 412.At this moment make the power actuated structure that on same point, is come from crank 411 owing to two connecting rods 412, thereby compression piston 21 and the rotatablely move same period to-and-fro motion of discharger 31 along with crank 411.

At this moment, owing to compression piston 21 and discharger 31 are being provided with mutual vertically, thereby when connecting rod 412a was in the position of approximate horizontal, piston 21 was motionless substantially, discharger motion amplitude maximum.On the contrary, when connecting rod 412b approximate vertical, discharger 31 is motionless substantially, the motion of compression piston 21 amplitude peaks ground.Therefore compression piston 21 and the discharger 31 modes motion same period of roughly staggering 90 degree with phase place.

In the side of the slide block 421b that is arranged at discharge portion 30 1 sides, cut groove along the axial direction of slide block 421, make the oil return gap 414 of the space formation of the formation slider guide 422b of portion as oil return apparatus.Fig. 2 (a) mid point scribe area has just been represented this oil return gap 414.

Certainly, also can this grooving be set on slide block 421a, in the present invention, because of following reason should preferably be provided with grooving.In other words, do not having the occasion of grooving, oily P can be trapped in the slide block space, sticks on the following oil seal 511.Therefore, the pressure of slide block space 416a is equated all the time with the pressure that drives space 401, therefore, can not produce the effect of power.

About several oil seals that hereinafter will narrate, be that oil seal 511 and following oil seal 519 are recited as main oil seal 511 and main oil seal 519, to be different from other oil seal.

In addition, oil seal is not limited to so-called " O " independent sealed parts such as type ring, the parts that also comprise the effect that for example has the oil of removing aftermentioned drive portion next door etc., in addition, also comprise the occasion that sealing surface contacts and has the gap between two with rod seal, in the narration hereinafter, this is all only done suitable narration with oil seal.And also be the same about gas seal.But,, can narrate its purpose in the special occasion that limits of needs.

The set positions of the stroke of slide block 421a or drive portion next door 415a becomes: when slide block 421a to-and-fro motion arrives the left end dead point, oily P on the slide block one end surfaces 423a that sticks to this slide block 421a is not contacted with drive portion next door 415a, equally, the set positions of the stroke of slide block 421b or drive portion next door 415b becomes: when slide block 421b arrives upper dead center, the oily P on the slide block one end surfaces 423b that sticks to this slide block 421b is not contacted with drive portion next door 415b.

Be meant slide block 421a at this left end dead point near the point of press part 20 1 sides, and upper dead center is meant that slide block 421b is near the point of discharge portion 30 1 sides.In addition, following right-hand member dead point is meant slide block 421a farthest from the point of press part 20, and lower dead centre is meant that slide block 421b is away from the point of discharge portion 30.

Therefore, must produce the gap between slide block 421 and spacer portion 500, this gap is defined as slide block space 416 (416a, 416b).

Slide block space 416a is connected with the way to cycle oil 417 of oil groove 413 by oil return apparatus, and the oily P that immerses slide block space 416a by this way to cycle oil 417 turns back in the oil groove 413.

On the 422a of slider guide portion, way to cycle oil 417 is set and the reasons are as follows of oil return gap 414 is set on slide block 421b civilian described as oil return apparatus.That is to say, make in the formula refrigerating machine that because discharge portion 30 is vertically to be provided with, the oily P of slide block space 416b can be dripped for 414 times from the oil return gap by the effect of gravity and turn back to the oil groove 413 this spy shown in Figure 1.Arrow among Fig. 2 (a) just shows flowing of this following oily P.

On the other hand, because press part 20 is not laterally put, the oily P of slide block space 416a is not turned back in the oil groove 413, therefore by the effect of gravity can, be provided with way to cycle oil 417, the oily P that is trapped among the 416a of slide block space is turned back in the oil groove 413 by the inside of the 422a of slider guide portion.

And, if press part 20 or discharge portion 30 out-of-level settings, but the direction of being arranged to shown in Fig. 2 (b) from drive portion 400 is seen acclivitous form, in this occasion, just there is no need oil circuit 417 is set again, it is just passable that oil return gap 414 is set.

In this occasion, at least one of oil return gap 414 must be provided with towards vertical below.In view of the above, the oily P that is trapped among the 416a of slide block space is flowed through oil return gap 414, turn back in the oil groove 413.

In addition, in that the occasion of press part 20 or discharge portion 30 longitudinally is set, be not to leave no choice but be provided with oil return gap 414 yet, it also is feasible adopting way to cycle oil 417.

The shape in oil return gap 414 is not limited to form shown in Figure 2, and it also is feasible forming groove in slide block 421b side or form groove in slider guide portion 422.

Further, oil return gap 414 is adopted and is deposited these slide block 421 moving direction of slide block 421 upper edges through hole is set also is feasible.

In addition, make in the refrigerating machine the spy that gets shown in Figure 1, press part 20 cross settings, discharge portion 30 vertically is provided with.Therefore, the oily P thickness that sticks on the slide block one end surfaces 423b can be regarded as uniformly, still, stick to oily P on the slide block one end surfaces 423a because of action of gravity collects in vertical below, produce thickness distribution.

Like this, the thickness of oily P cannot treat different things as the same, and in this manual, in the occasion of narration relevant " oily thickness ", is meant the oily thickness at thickness maximum position place.Therefore, the thickness that sticks to the oily P on slide block one end surfaces 423 is the thickness of the oily P of vertical below one side.

Spacer portion 500 comprises: the bar Ra that the to-and-fro motion of slide block 421a is passed to compression piston 21, the to-and-fro motion of slide block 421b is passed to the bar Rb of discharger 31, to stick to bar R (Ra, the main oil seal 511 (511a that oily P 1Rb) wipes, 511b), be used to prevent that the pressure in compression volume 22 and the pressure interference that drives space 401 and expansion space 32 and driving space 401 is in relating to the medial compartment 521 (521a that the oily P that also can prevent to stick on the bar R immerses compression volume 22 and expansion space 32,521b) etc.Hereinafter compression volume 22 and expansion space 32 are referred to as working space 22,23.

Medial compartment 521 is spacer portion 500 inner formation, medial compartment 521 is separated by drive portion next door 415 (59a, 59b) with slide block space 416, and medial compartment 521a and press part 20, medial compartment 521b and discharge portion 30 are separated by working part next door 531 (531a, 531b) respectively.

Secondly, main oil seal 511 is arranged on the drive portion 415, and the oily P that sticks on the bar R is wiped.But oily P can not remove fully, remains on this bar R with the oil film state.Can adopt the parts that constitute by softer materials such as PTFE as main oil seal 511.

The sidewall 522 (522a, 522b) that the formation of medial compartment 521 should make this medial compartment 521 to the distance L 2 of passing inner bar R surface greater than the thickness T that sticks to the oily P on the bar R.Promptly be satisfied with: L2＞T.In addition, the thickness of this oil P is meant previous definition " oily thickness ".

The oily P that sticks on the bar R in this medial compartment 521 can not be removed fully by main oil seal 511, but thereon residual with the oil film state.

In addition, the axial dimension L1 of the bar R in the medial compartment 521 sets for longer than the stroke S of this bar R.That is to say, be satisfied with L1＞S.Therefore, the front end that can avoid sticking to the oily P on the bar R contacts with the working part next door 531 of medial compartment 521.

At this, the front end that sticks to the oily P on the bar R is meant, sticks to oily P on the bar R in the medial compartment 521 and is positioned at oily P near the adhesion of press part 20 1 sides and discharge portion 30 1 sides.

By setting the size of medial compartment 521 like this, even be stained with the occasion of oily P on the bar R for example in medial compartment 521, also can prevent the contacting of sidewall 522 of this oil P and medial compartment 521, thus, can avoid oily P to immerse in the working space 22,23.

In addition, because bar R to-and-fro motion, the sidewall 523 of working gas one side of medial compartment 521 changes along with this to-and-fro motion simultaneously with the distance of oily P front end, the front end of oil P can not contact with the sidewall 523 of working gas one side all the time, therefore, the sidewall 523 of working gas one side can be remained no oil condition.Above-mentioned result is to prevent that oily P from immersing in the working part 20,30.

Above-mentioned size L1, L2 set in 511 flexible having or not of the main oil seal of the shape of the diameter of the stroke S that direction, compression piston 21 and discharger 31 are set, the bar R that have considered press part 20 and discharge portion 30 and material, main oil seal 511 and this.

For example make the occasion of refrigerating machine 10 this spy shown in Figure 1, press part 20 and discharge portion 30 generally perpendicularly are being provided with mutually.Thereby, stick to oily P on the bar Ra in the medial compartment 521a and be subjected to gravity effect with bar Ra Vertical direction.Like this, owing to the horizontal angle of medial compartment 521a, 521b, stick to the thickness T difference of the oily P on the bar Ra.

In addition, since the diameter difference of stroke S and R, the surface area difference of the bar R in the medial compartment 521, thereby, remain in the oil mass difference on the bar R in this medial compartment 521.

This spy of present embodiment makes refrigerating machine 10 by adopting said structure, according to the rotation of abridged drive motor among the figure, driving force is passed to compression piston 21 and discharger 31 by crank mechanism 411.

Hereinafter narrate the running that this spy makes refrigerating machine 10 according to said structure.In addition, because the phase shifting of above-mentioned compression piston 21 and discharger 31, therefore, compression process described later, inflation process etc. can not be carried out strict differentiation.

When moved at the right-hand member dead point, the working gas in the compression volume 22 was by compression piston 21 isothermal compression from the left end dead point for compression piston 21.

In the meantime, discharger 31 moves upward, and arrives upper dead center and moves downward afterwards.Along with discharger 31 moves upward and compressed working gas is sent to discharge portion 30 1 sides by gas passageway 60, working gas was given these cold storage apparatus 33 heat releases and is sent to expansion space 32 by cold storage apparatus 33 when discharger 31 moved downward.

Along with discharger 31 arrives lower dead centre, compression piston 21 moves to the left end dead point from the right-hand member dead point, and working gas expands, cooling, and inflation process at this moment is the isothermal expansion process, thereby cooling absorbs outside heat by expanding.That is to say and to cool off.

Along with compression piston 21 near the left end dead point, discharger 31 begins to move upward, working gas from cold storage apparatus 33 heat absorptions, is finished a circulation by discharger 31.

But, in above-mentioned circulation,, will reduce the freezing efficiency that this spy makes refrigerating machine 10 in case oily P immerses press part 20 and discharge portion 30.This oily P that is immersed on the slide block one end surfaces 423b that sticks to slide block 421 of oil P directly understands apparent in view with drive portion next door 415.

In other words, during the oily P of main oil seal 511 extruding, oily P has nowhere to run, and can only immerse the sealing surface of main oil seal 511, and during bar R to-and-fro motion in this state, a large amount of oily P immerses towards working part 20,30 directions, arrives working part 20,30 at short notice.

Therefore, the size that makes slide block space 416 just can be cut off this contact greater than the oily P thickness T that sticks to slide block one end surfaces 423.

In addition, because slide block 421 to-and-fro motion, exist, because of the effect that is subjected to to-and-fro motion inertial force is splashed and sticked to situation on the main oil seal 511 because of this to-and-fro motion makes the oily P that sticks on slide block one end surfaces 423.But by guaranteeing slide block space 416, can fall when making oily P be splashed to slide block space 416, just can reduce adhesive capacity by this oily P that sticks to main oil seal 511 of splashing.

In addition, because the running of device, oily P is trapped in the slide block space 416, and reciprocating slide block 421 splashes the oily P that accumulates, and also can stick to the situation on the main oil seal 511.Generation for fear of this situation, by the way to cycle oil 417 that slide block space 416a is connected with oil groove 413 is set, can stop oily P to be trapped among the 416a of slide block space, and, by oil return gap 414 is set on slide block 421b, oily P can not be trapped among the 416b of slide block space yet.

In addition, can reduce the amount that sticks to the oily P on the main oil seal 511, thus,, also can accomplish in the practicality the oily P that wipes without a doubt even main oil seal 511 does not apply powerful power to bar R by slide block space 416 is set.Therefore, even between main oil seal 511 and bar R, exist predetermined gap or produce the occasion in gap because of abrasion, still can make this main oil seal 511 have above-mentioned function at main oil seal 511.

According to said structure,, thereby in the present invention, can prolong the life-span that this spy who adopts this seal arrangement makes devices such as refrigerating machine owing to the immersion of the oil that can prevent to produce by the wicking that the to-and-fro motion of bar encourages.

But although the pressure of working space 22,32 changes according to the reciprocation period of compression piston 21 and cold storage apparatus 33 ground, the pressure that drives space 401 1 sides can not produce pressure oscillation, thereby the pressure that applies on the main oil seal 511 can produce pressure difference.So, when the pressure that drives space 401 1 sides uprises, the oily P that sticks on the main oil seal 511 is immersed in the working space 22,32 more.

That is to say, act on the pressure of working space 22,32 1 sides on the main oil seal 511, be subjected to the influence of these working space 22,32 pressure oscillations by working part next door 531 and the gap of bar R.For this reason, though littler than working space 22,23, produced pressure difference.The effect of this pressure reduction can make oily P immerse in the working space 22,23.

Therefore in the present invention, in order to dwindle this pressure reduction, the spacer portion 500 that drives between space 401 and the working space 22,23 is provided with the medial compartment 521 that holds bar R.

In addition, for the alleviation effects of the pressure oscillation that realizes above-mentioned medial compartment 521 fully promptly, the effect that diminishes for the pressure difference that plays one's part to the full on main oil seal 511, gas seal 512 (512a, 512b) is set on working part next door 531 (with reference to Fig. 3), and it is effective that 512 couples of bar R of gas seal exert pressure.The advantage that sets of this gas seal 512 is very simple.

By above-mentioned medial compartment 521, main oil seal 511 and gas seal 512 are set, suppress oily P when working space 22,23 flows, the stroke S that the axial dimension L1 that can run into medial compartment 521 according to circumstances is arranged to be not more than bar R also is feasible situation.

That is to say that in the occasion of L1≤S, oil sticks on the bar R, immerse in the working space 22,23, produce anomaly in the working gas owing to the oil of this immersion contains to sneak into, thereby, L1＞S at this moment stipulated.

But according to the said structure that slide block space 416, medial compartment 521, main oil seal 511 and gas seal 512 are set, the oil mass that immerses working space 22,23 is very small.In this occasion,, sneak into problem in the practicality in the working gas with regard to the micro oil P that this immersion can not occur if utilize the high oil of vapor tension.Thus, in this occasion, the axial dimension L1 of medial compartment 521 needn't leave no choice but be specified to L1＞S.That is to say that L1≤S also is feasible.

Particularly in this occasion, owing to stick to the membranaceous oily P of micro oil on the bar R attached in the gas seal 512, thereby, can reduce the friction of this gas seal 512 and bar R, can prevent shortening owing to strong these 512 life-spans of gas seal that cause of exerting pressure to gas seal 512.

Can avoid oily P to immerse in the working part 20,30 by said structure, but, the oil mass that sticks on the slide block 421 can change according to design condition and service condition, and when a large amount of oily P sticked on the main oil seal 511, the result a large amount of oil immersions can take place goes into phenomenon in the working part 20,30.At this situation,, be necessary for example to enlarge the axial dimension of the bar R in the slide block space 416 in order to prevent the immersion of oil to working part 20,30.Like this, but brought the problem of the device maximization that is difficult to comply with one's wishes.

Therefore as shown in Figure 3, in drive portion next door 415, be provided with medial compartment 521 the same diameters greatly to making the cup 540 (540a, 540b) that sticks to the oily P on the bar R and do not contact with sidewall.So formed medial compartment next door 541 between this cup 540 and the medial compartment 521, this medial compartment next door 541 is provided with main oil seal 511.At this moment, drive portion next door 415 is set relative bar R for and is had the form of predetermined gap.That is to say that in this occasion, the oil seal effect is played in drive portion next door 415.

Thus, the most of oily P that sticks on the bar R removes by driving next door 415, even in design condition or the different occasion of service condition, also can keep the oily P quantity constant that sticks on the main oil seal 511, unnecessary size with the slide block space etc. increases to more than the required value, simultaneously in order to prevent that oily P from immersing other design condition of working space 22,23, just can design by only supposing the situation that a certain amount of oily P sticks on the main oil seal 511.

In this occasion, when oily P to a certain degree immersed cup 540, the oily P of this immersion must turn back in the oil groove 413.For this reason, on drive portion next door 415, be provided with spill port 542 (542a, 542b), and be provided with air hole 543 (543a, 543b), cup 540 is equated with the pressure of drive portion 400.

In the above description, drive portion next door 415 make and bar R between maintain the structure of predetermined gap, at this moment, because of the machining accuracy, coaxality and the bar R that exist bar R and drive portion next door 415 around problems such as songs, can cause the phenomenon that is difficult to reach desirable gap all the time.

Certainly, if this gap is enough big, just problem such as machining accuracy can not appear, still, the size in this gap according to the oil return ability of spill port 542 take into account and the oil mass P of disposable immersion determines.That is to say that when the gap became big, the oil mass that immerses in the cup 540 increased, even in this occasion, the setting of this gap length also must to reach the degree that can turn back to oil groove 423 by spill port 542 be foundation so that the oily P that immerses measures.In addition, although this spill port 542 turns back in the oil groove 413 oily P continuously, because the immersion of oily P is to carry out in the cycle, the oil mass that temporarily is trapped in cup 540 can increase.Yet, even oily P is temporary transient delay, must prevent that also oily P from sticking on the main oil seal 511, therefore also can go out to send the size of determining the gap from this viewpoint.

But in order fully to handle the situation that sticks to the oily P change on the slide block 421 that causes because of behaviour in service etc., this gap is preferably little of necessary inferior limit.

This means as shown in Figure 4, be arranged on the drive portion next door 415 to well forming easily very closely spaced oil seal 514.In this occasion, main oil seal 511 still is set on medial compartment next door 541, and medial compartment 521 is set, thereby oil seal 514 needn't be exerted pressure to bar R.

In addition, oil-tightening occasion is not set on drive portion next door 415,, thereby is easy to the through hole that 415 formation bar R pass in the drive portion next door because drive portion next door 415 can be done thinlyyer.

Even particularly 415 how much have under the state of contact with bar R in the drive portion next door, drive portion next door 415 can not impose on bigger resistance bar R because of relatively thinner yet, in addition, by use to device, thin drive portion next door 415 can produce abrasion, like this, advantageously interrupted contacting of this drive portion next door 415 and bar R, just can under suitable gap state, use afterwards.

In addition, cup 540 is not limited to one, also several can be set.The spacer portion 500 that Fig. 5 shows between medial compartment 521 and the drive portion 400 is provided with cup 540, and is provided with the occasion of auxiliary cup 544 between this cup 540 and drive portion 400.Cup 540 is separated by medial compartment next door 541 with medial compartment 521, and cup 540 is separated by cup next door 545 with auxiliary cup 544, and auxiliary cup 544 is separated by drive portion next door 415 with drive portion 400.

According to this structure, bar R passes the working part next door 531 that is provided with gas seal 512, be provided with medial compartment next door 541 at the main oil seal 511 between medial compartment 521 and the cup 540, be provided with the cup next door 545 that is in the oil seal 514 between cup 540 and the auxiliary cup 544 and so oil-tightening drive portion next door 415 is not set.And oil-tightening effect is played in drive portion next door 415.

In this occasion, cup next door 545 and drive portion next door 415 are provided with spill port 542 and air hole 543.At this moment, spill port 542 preferably is arranged to leaning structure, makes the oily P can be under the effect of gravity in the spontaneous current oil-return groove 413.

Like this,, can the oily P of major part be removed, make the quantity of the oily P of 545 immersion cups 540 from the cup next door roughly certain by drive portion next door 415 by auxiliary cup 544 is set.Can carry out according to this a certain amount of oily P of supposition owing to be arranged on the design of main oil seal 511 on the medial compartment next door 541 and medial compartment 521, therefore, regardless of other design condition or service condition how, can obtain the oil sealing effect of being scheduled to all the time.

; become big occasion and the big occasion of the change of the gap between drive portion next door 415 and bar R in the oil seal 514 and the gap between the bar R that are arranged on the cup next door 545; because by this big gap; the pressure of auxiliary cup 544 and cup 540 equates with the pressure of drive portion 400, therefore just there is no need to be provided with air hole 543 in this occasion.

Certainly condition should be can not stopped up by oily P around this gap of full week of bar R.For example, stick to oily P on the cup next door 545 and flow downward vertically by action of gravity, though at this moment below bar R vertical the gap of a side stops up by oily P, the situation of the gap of the vertical top of bar R one side by oily P obstruction can not take place yet.In this occasion, by the clearance portion of vertical top pressure is adjusted, thereby the unnecessary air hole 543 that is provided with.

In addition, resemble the occasion that longitudinally is provided with the cup 540 of discharge portion 30 1 sides, the oily P that immerses in this cup 540 is trapped in bottom surface one side that bar R inserts, and sticks to produce the phenomenon of stopping up air hole 543 on the bar R simultaneously again, makes cup 540 be in air-tight state.

Therefore, oily P can not return to drive portion 400 1 sides from spill port 542, the oily P in the cup 540 is stored gradually, until very thin.

Thereby, as shown in Figure 6, the formation position of the air hole 543b of cup 548 1 sides is arranged on the formation position that is higher than spill port 542b in this occasion.Only height H uprises in Fig. 6 (b).Fig. 6 (b) is the local amplification profile diagram in the zone that comprises cup 548 among Fig. 6 (a) in addition.

In addition, flow because of action of gravity in order to make the oily P that immerses in the cup 548, and be pooled to spill port 542b place at an easy rate, the sidewall 546 of cup 548 1 sides is arranged to the form that tilts towards spill port 542b.Further, the part of the drive portion side bottom surface 547 of cup 548 is made the acutangulate structure of relative bar R axis, make the immersion oil P that sticks on the bar R be pooled to spill port 542b place fast, stick to bar R like this and oil that P is numerous and confused to drip downwards.

But the sealing surface that is arranged on medial compartment one side of the main oil seal 511 on the medial compartment next door 541 is made and is made when sticking to the structure that the oily P on the bar R peels off, and this oily P that falls can be trapped in the medial compartment 521 and produce adverse consequences.

In addition, in the occasion that main oil seal 511 is not exerted pressure to bar, the sealing face is not limited to must the structure parallel with pole face, even require parallelly in design, in fact uneven occasion is many.Therefore be difficult to accomplish parallel.

In this occasion, when for example sealing surface being made towards taper that drive portion one side enlarges, the oil that sticks on the bar is pooled to the tapering, in this state, as bar R during towards working part 20,30 1 lateral movements, because of the viscosity of oil is bonded at oil on the bar R firmly, the oil pressure that is trapped in the tapering uprises.Therefore the pressure difference that acts on the main oil seal 551 increases.Make oily P be easy to immerse working part 20,30 1 sides thus.

Therefore in the present invention, reversely utilize this effect, as shown in Figure 7, on medial compartment next door 541, be provided with the main oil seal 519 of taper part.The sealing surface 516 of medial compartment 521 1 sides of this main oil seal 519 is made taper, makes main oil seal 519 become cone shape.Thus, the oily P that becomes the oil film state that sticks on the bar R is pooled to 518 places, end of taper sealing surface 516 because of surface tension, so bar R during towards drive portion one side shifting, the oil pressure that compiles uprises, and makes the oil of this working part one side turn back to drive portion one side.

Therefore, main oil-tightening sealing surface need not parallel with bar certainly, this situation and the parallel occasion further immersion amount of compressed oil P of comparing, and in addition, can not produce not is the conical surface towards the expansion of drive portion one side that forms by original idea yet.Moreover when the power of because of abrasion cause bar R being exerted pressure when main oil seal 519 descended, the end 518 of taper sealing surface was only to drive portion one side shifting, thereby can prevent the damage of sealing characteristics.

In the occasion that is provided with several cups 540, as shown in Figure 8, the main oil seal 519 that has this taper sealing surface is preferably disposed on the medial compartment next door 541 in addition, and oil seal 517 is preferably disposed on the cup next door 545.

But it is because because of the influence of the pressure oscillation of working part 20,30 makes the variation in pressure of medial compartment 521 that above-mentioned oily P immerses to working part 20,30, like this, produces the phenomenon that the pressure of drive portion 400 raises and causes.

Therefore,, in addition, also allow 512 couples of bar R of this gas seal exert pressure forcefully, increase the flow resistance of working part 20,30 and medial compartment 521 thus in order as much as possible the pressure oscillation of medial compartment 521 to be restricted to minimum degree and gas seal 512 to be set.At this moment, the driving force of bar R must be big, wears away tempestuously because of reasons such as abrasion can cause gas seal 512 simultaneously, the problem of these gas seal 512 losts of life occurred, therefore, has in practice be compromised in the gap.

From this point of view, as shown in Figure 9, make length of flow elongated by lengthening working part next door 531, thereby increased flow resistance effectively.In this occasion, do not need to adopt other applying pressurised gas sealing, be formed with the gap between working part next door 531 and the bar R, constitute the gas seal of non-contact type.

In addition, the key element as the above-mentioned flow resistance of decision has as shown in figure 10 the method that space 552 is set in flow circuits.This space 552 is separated itself and medial compartment 521 and working part 20,30 by wall 553,554.So this gas seal 551 is by forming the gas seal that the gap constitutes non-contact type between wall 560,561 and bar R.

Adopt the occasion of this gas seal 551, only when the pressure oscillation in space 552, can relax the pressure oscillation of medial compartment 521.Therefore, can prevent oil flowing to working space 22,23.

Certainly, relax the pressure oscillation of the caused medial compartment 521 of pressure oscillation in the space 552, promptly relaxing the pressure difference that is applied on the main oil seal is purpose of the present invention, thereby does not have the number problem in space 552.That is to say, as shown in figure 11, can adopt the structure that is provided with several these spaces 552,, also can form the gas seal of non-contact type in this occasion.The gas seal of this structure is called so-called labyrinth sealing.

Adopting this labyrinth sealed occasion, the pressure difference between the adjacent space 552 diminishes, thereby the pressure difference of abirritation on main oil seal effectively.

Utilize this specific character, this labyrinth sealing 554 is set on the working part next door 531 between working part 20,30 and the medial compartment 521, concrete structure as shown in figure 12.

In addition, structure shown in Figure 13 is to make this spy shown in Figure 12 having additional above-mentioned cup etc. on the refrigerating machine, can be configured for simply, at an easy rate preventing that by adopting this structure oil immersion from going into the oil sealing device in the working part 20,30.

Description makes refrigerating machine 10 in 3000～6000 hours test result of running according to this spy of the foregoing description trial-production.Test result shows, in order to obtain effect of the present invention, preferably the bar axial dimension in the slide block space is set in more than the 1.5mm, and the stroke+3mm of the bar axial dimension L1＞bar in the medial compartment, the bar surface of medial compartment is to the distance L 2＞0.5mm of middle compartment sidewall.

In addition, even the occasion in slide block space 416 only is set not establishing medial compartment 521, also can give full play to the sealing effect of main oil seal 511.

Moreover, by way to cycle oil 417 and oil return space 552 are set, oily P is not trapped in the slide block space 416.

The device of commercialization is different with the trial-production machine, owing to be subjected to the restriction of device size etc., the size in medial compartment 521 and slide block space 416 can not be set arbitrarily.Therefore improve the result who obtains testing by device to commercialization, in order under the prerequisite of not damaging device performance, to obtain effect of the present invention, adopt following setting number range just can access good effect, these set numerical value: the bar axial dimension=5～15mm in slide block space, stroke+(3～20) mm of the bar axial dimension L1=bar of medial compartment, the bar surface of medial compartment is to the distance L 2=10～30mm of middle compartment sidewall.

Description makes 3000～6000 hours test result of refrigerating machine 10 runnings according to this spy of embodiment's trial-production of adopting the structure that cup 540 is set on the basis of medial compartment 521.

Test result shows, in order to obtain effect of the present invention, when the size of medial compartment 521 and the size of cup 540, bar axial dimension (greater than the occasion of the stroke) L1 of medial compartment are set at stroke+(3～20) mm of bar, the bar axial dimension of cup is set at 5mm when above, can obtain effect well.

Certainly these numerical value are the numerical value that the kind according to the commercialization device obtains, and there is no need special explanation, have confirmed effect of the present invention by above-mentioned explanation.

Claims (19)

1, a kind of gas compressor or decompressor comprise:

Hold the piston that is connected with bar one end and can guarantee its reciprocating working part;

Be used to drive aforementioned reciprocating motion of the pistons and have the slide block that is connected with the bar the other end and the drive portion that the moving direction of this slide block is limited in a slider guide portion on the axle direction;

That aforementioned working part and aforementioned drive portion are separated and have the separating part of the through hole that aforementioned rod can pass, it is characterized in that, also comprise:

So that stick to the slide block space that the not direct mode that contacts with aforementioned through hole of oil on the aforementioned slide block is provided with, this slide block space is when aforementioned slide block to-and-fro motion arrives the upper dead center of the most approaching aforementioned separating part, allows produce under the situation greater than the size that sticks to the oily thickness on this slide block of being dimensioned between this upper dead center and the aforementioned separating part;

Make the oil in the slide block space turn back to the oil return apparatus that is arranged at the oil groove on the aforementioned drive portion.

2, gas compressor according to claim 1 or decompressor is characterized in that, aforesaid oil return apparatus is meant, by forming grooving vertically in aforementioned slide block side, and the oil return gap that constitutes by this grooving and aforementioned slider guide portion.

3, gas compressor according to claim 1 or decompressor, it is characterized in that, aforesaid oil return apparatus is meant, at least one side upper edge guide direction grooving in the face that is directed to by guide surface and aforementioned slide block in aforementioned slider guide portion, the oil return gap that between aforementioned slide block and aforementioned slider guide portion, constitutes.

4, gas compressor according to claim 2 or decompressor is characterized in that, along the reciprocating occasion of general horizontal direction, aforementioned oil return gap is arranged on vertical direction bottom at aforementioned slide block.

5, gas compressor according to claim 3 or decompressor is characterized in that, along the reciprocating occasion of general horizontal direction, aforementioned oil return gap is arranged on vertical direction bottom at aforementioned slide block.

6, gas compressor according to claim 1 or decompressor is characterized in that, aforementioned oil return apparatus is axially to pass slide block and the way to cycle oil that is provided with along bar.

7, gas compressor according to claim 1 or decompressor is characterized in that, aforementioned oil return apparatus is at the inner way to cycle oil that aforementioned slide block space is communicated with aforementioned oil groove that forms of aforementioned slider guide portion.

8, according to any described gas compressor or decompressor in the claim 4～7, it is characterized in that, also comprise:

Its size that comprises aforementioned rod and be arranged on aforementioned separating part inside make make bar radial dimension greater than the medial compartment that sticks to the oily thickness on this bar;

The working part next door that this medial compartment and aforementioned working part are separated;

The drive portion next door that aforementioned medial compartment and aforementioned drive portion are separated.

9, gas compressor according to claim 8 or decompressor is characterized in that, also comprise:

Be arranged between aforementioned medial compartment and the aforementioned drive portion next door and that comprise aforementioned rod, its size make make bar radial dimension greater than the more than one cup that sticks to the oily thickness on this bar;

Make the oil of aforementioned cup turn back to the spill port of aforementioned drive portion;

The air hole that aforementioned cup is communicated with aforementioned drive portion;

The medial compartment next door that aforementioned cup and medial compartment are separated;

Be arranged to plural occasion at aforementioned cup, the cup next door that the cup that adjoins each other is separated.

10, according to described gas compressor of one of claim 4～7 or decompressor, it is characterized in that, form or be provided with at least one of aforementioned drive portion next door, aforementioned medial compartment next door or aforementioned cup next door and the oil that sticks on the bar is fallen and closely contact with this bar or keep gapped oil seal with this bar.

11, gas compressor according to claim 10 or decompressor is characterized in that, make the cone shape that enlarges towards this working part as the sealing surface of aforementioned working part one side of the part of aforementioned oil seal sealing surface.

12, gas compressor according to claim 10 or decompressor is characterized in that, the aforementioned separating part of aforementioned working part one side is provided with and closely contacts with aforementioned rod or keep gapped gas seal.

13, gas compressor according to claim 12 or decompressor is characterized in that, the bar axial dimension in aforementioned medial compartment is set the occasion shorter than the stroke of aforementioned rod for, and aforementioned gas seal closely contacts with aforementioned rod.

14, gas compressor according to claim 12 or decompressor is characterized in that, the bar axial dimension in aforementioned medial compartment is set the occasion longer than the stroke of aforementioned rod for, are provided with aforementioned rod to keep gapped gas seal.

15, gas compressor according to claim 14 or decompressor is characterized in that, aforementioned gas seal has more than one space on sealing surface.

16, gas compressor according to claim 9 or decompressor is characterized in that, are being provided with to the relative horizontal tilt of aforementioned spill port, and the oil that makes aforementioned cup is in the action of gravity current downflow and return aforementioned drive portion.

17, gas compressor according to claim 9 or decompressor, it is characterized in that, aforementioned air hole is arranged on the higher position of more aforementioned spill port, like this, at the oil of aforementioned cup in the action of gravity current downflow and enter aforementioned spill port and when turning back to aforementioned drive portion, make this oil not stop up aforementioned air hole.

18, gas compressor according to claim 9 or decompressor, it is characterized in that, the radial sidewalls of this cup that passes as the aforementioned rod of aforementioned cup sidewall focuses in the aforementioned spill port oil mobile by action of gravity with respect to the axis tilt setting of this bar.

19, gas compressor according to claim 18 or decompressor, it is characterized in that, the axial diapire of this cup that passes as the aforementioned rod of aforementioned cup driving side diapire is being provided with respect to the axis of this bar with acutangulating, and the oil that sticks on this bar is peeled off.

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