CN107721016A - A kind of oil-polluted water grease removal treatment device and processing method - Google Patents

A kind of oil-polluted water grease removal treatment device and processing method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107721016A
CN107721016A CN201711122519.7A CN201711122519A CN107721016A CN 107721016 A CN107721016 A CN 107721016A CN 201711122519 A CN201711122519 A CN 201711122519A CN 107721016 A CN107721016 A CN 107721016A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
oil
tank
water
sewage
outlet
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Pending
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CN201711122519.7A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王晶晶
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Qingdao Bailida Environmental Protection Technology Co Ltd
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Qingdao Bailida Environmental Protection Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201711122519.7A priority Critical patent/CN107721016A/en
Publication of CN107721016A publication Critical patent/CN107721016A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/40Devices for separating or removing fatty or oily substances or similar floating material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/001Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/24Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flotation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/38Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by centrifugal separation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30Organic compounds
    • C02F2101/32Hydrocarbons, e.g. oil
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/002Construction details of the apparatus
    • C02F2201/007Modular design
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2301/00General aspects of water treatment
    • C02F2301/08Multistage treatments, e.g. repetition of the same process step under different conditions

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
  • Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
  • Removal Of Floating Material (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of oil-polluted water grease removal treatment device, including, tank, Horizontal oil-water separator, chemicals dosing plant, flocculation reaction tank, dissolved gas floatator, sump oil collection vessel and body refuse pond in collecting-tank, tank.Tank, Horizontal oil-water separator, flocculation reaction tank, dissolved gas floatator are sequentially connected in the collecting-tank, tank, pending oil-polluted water is first collected in collecting-tank, is discharged after being handled then in turn through tank, Horizontal oil-water separator, flocculation reaction tank, dissolved gas floatator in tank.The invention further relates to a kind of sewage water treatment method using above-mentioned oil-polluted water grease removal treatment device, its oil content≤20mg/l of sewage after said apparatus is handled, the water inlet oil content requirement of post depth processing disclosure satisfy that.The present invention is applied widely, and treatment effeciency is high.

Description

A kind of oil-polluted water grease removal treatment device and processing method
Technical field
The present invention relates to sewage treatment area, especially a kind of oil-polluted water grease removal treatment device and processing method.
Background technology
Oil plant, petroleum chemical enterprise can produce substantial amounts of oil-polluted water in process of production, be needed for these oil-polluted waters Carry out water-oil separating processing;Existing oil conte, sewage treatment device is broadly divided into separation oil slick and the separation major class of oil emulsion two, its In, separating has tank in tank (also known as " water-oil separating regulation tank "), Horizontal oil-water separator etc. in the equipment of oil slick, separate oil emulsion Equipment in have an equipment such as dissolved gas floatator, existing the said equipment typically all worked independently use, and every kind of equipment is removed Oily effect is different, and some oil contents to water inlet have higher requirement, narrow application range, do not play preferable effect, And when single devices work, typically there is strict limitation to the oil content of water inlet, operating efficiency is relatively low, it is difficult to has given play to ideal Effect.
Given this present invention is proposed.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided a kind of applied widely, treatment effeciency is high Oil-polluted water grease removal treatment device.
Another object of the present invention is to provide to utilize a kind of sewage disposal side of above-mentioned oil-polluted water grease removal treatment device Method.
In order to realize the first goal of the invention, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that:
A kind of oil-polluted water grease removal treatment device, including,
Tank in tank, oil, water, mud initial gross separation are carried out for receiving sewage, and to sewage;
Horizontal oil-water separator, connected with tank in tank, to carry out further oil, moisture to the sewage after tank processing in tank From processing;
Flocculation reaction tank, is connected with Horizontal oil-water separator, and is provided with dosing mouth, for carrying out flocculation reaction;
Dissolved gas floatator, connected with flocculation reaction tank, to isolate flocculation reaction generation from the sewage after flocculation reaction Suspension, and discharged by slag-drip opening;
Sump oil collection vessel, connected with tank in tank and Horizontal oil-water separator, with tank in collecting tank and horizontal water-oil separating The sump oil of device discharge.
Further, tank has the first sewage inlet, the first outlet of sewer, the first sludge outlet and the first sump oil in the tank Outlet;
The Horizontal oil-water separator has the second sewage inlet, the second outlet of sewer and the outlet of the second sump oil;
The flocculation reaction tank has the 3rd sewage inlet and the 3rd outlet of sewer;
The dissolved gas floatator has the 4th sewage inlet and discharge outlet;
The sump oil collection vessel has sump oil entrance;
Second sewage inlet of the Horizontal oil-water separator is gone out by the first sewage of one-level plumbing drain and tank in tank Mouth connection;3rd sewage inlet of the flocculation reaction tank passes through B-grade sewage pipeline and the second sewage of Horizontal oil-water separator Outlet connection;4th sewage inlet of the dissolved gas floatator is gone out by the 3rd sewage of three-level plumbing drain and flocculation reaction tank Mouth connection;First sump oil outlet and horizontal profit of the sump oil entrance of the sump oil collection vessel by tank in oil-collecting pipeline and tank The second sump oil outlet connection of separator.
Further, in addition to collecting-tank and body refuse pond, the collecting-tank are used to accommodating and storing pending oil-polluted water, And be connected by total feed tube with the first sewage inlet of tank in tank, sewage pump is provided with total feed tube, will be catchmented Oil-polluted water in pond is pumped into tank in tank, first sludge outlet and molten gas of the body refuse pond by tank in scum pipe and tank The slag-drip opening connection of air floatation machine.
Further, in addition to B-grade sewage pipeline the chemicals dosing plant being connected, the chemicals dosing plant include being used for flocculation The first chemicals dosing plant of flocculant and the second chemicals dosing plant for adding flocculation aid into flocculation reaction tank are added in retort, And first chemicals dosing plant be arranged on the upstream of the second chemicals dosing plant.
Further, tank includes in the tank,
Tank body, the tank body include, outer tank and inner canister, between the inner vessel and the outer vessel formed with annular compartment;
First cyclone separator, is arranged in inner canister, and has oil-out and delivery port;
The feed tube being connected through outer tank and with the first cyclone separator in inner canister, the feed tube are located at outside outer tank One end forms the first sewage inlet;
First floating oil collecting device on inner canister top is arranged on, and is connected with the first oil exit pipe and extends to outside outer tank;
The discharge pipeline being connected with interior pot bottom, the other end of the discharge pipeline is extended to outside outer tank through outer tank, and shape Into first sludge outlet;
One end is arranged on the inside of inner canister, and the other end is arranged on the internal water flow tube in annular compartment, and one end is set In annular compartment, the other end passes through the drainpipe that outer tank is extended to outside outer tank, and the drainpipe is located at one end outside outer tank Form the first outlet of sewer;
The second floating oil collecting device is additionally provided with the outer wall of the inner canister, second floating oil collecting device includes, surrounded The receipts oil weir notch that interior tank wall is set, it is connected to the second oil exit pipe for receiving oily weir notch bottom, the other end extension of the second oil exit pipe To outer tank;
The first sump oil outlet is two, one end shape being located at respectively by the first oil exit pipe and the second oil exit pipe outside outer tank Into.
Further, it is described to receive oily weir notch as annular, and positioned at the middle and upper part of inner canister, collecting side of the weir notch away from inner canister Provided with the opening connected with annular compartment, draining valve is provided with the second oil exit pipe, for controlling the break-make of the second oil exit pipe.
Further, the drainpipe is located at the mouth of pipe of one end in annular compartment and is arranged on the center of outer pot bottom;It is described Internal water flow tube includes, and is arranged in inner canister, the first pipeline section upwardly extended by inner canister middle and lower part along interior top tank structure, is arranged on On the outside of inner canister, and the second pipeline section being connected by a U-tube through interior tank skin with the first pipeline section, the second pipeline section prolong to outer tank side Stretch, the 3rd pipeline section being arranged on outer top tank structure, the upper end of the 3rd pipeline section is connected with the second pipeline section, and lower end extends to annular compartment Middle and lower part.
Further, the Horizontal oil-water separator, including,
Housing, the second cyclone separator, the corrugated plating coalescer being arranged in housing, coarse polymerization filter core and macromolecule Absorption filter element;Second sewage inlet, the second outlet of sewer and the second sump oil export to be formed on housing;
The enclosure interior, provided with first-level filtering core cavity room and two level filter core chamber, it is respectively used to that coarse polymerization filter is installed Core and polymer adsorption filter core, provided with spin chamber and swash plate chamber, it is respectively used to that the second cyclone separator and corrugated plating are installed Coalescer;The 3rd floating oil collecting device is provided with case top, to collect from spin chamber, first-level filtering core cavity room, swash plate chamber The oil slick that room and two level filter core chamber are isolated.
Further, second cyclone separator connects with the second sewage inlet, and the first-level filtering core cavity room is located at second Between cyclone separator and corrugated plating coalescer, its water inlet connects with the delivery port of the second cyclone separator, its delivery port with Corrugated plating coalescer water inlet connects;The water inlet of the two level filter core chamber connects with the delivery port of corrugated plating coalescer, its Delivery port connects with the second sewage inlet on housing;The case top is additionally provided with a collection chamber, and by drain line with 3rd floating oil collecting device connects, for keeping in oil slick, the outlet of the second sump oil and the 3rd floating oil collecting device on the housing And/or collection chamber connection.
In order to realize the second goal of the invention, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that:
A kind of sewage water treatment method using above-mentioned oil-polluted water grease removal treatment device, comprise the following steps:
The first step, oil-polluted water is passed through into tank in tank, and carries out oil, water, mud initial gross separation in tank in tank, make row Oil content of wastewater≤the 150mg/l gone out;
Second step, the sewage after tank processing in tank is passed through to Horizontal oil-water separator, entered in Horizontal oil-water separator The further oil of row, water separating treatment, make oil content of wastewater≤50mg/l of discharge;
3rd step, the sewage after Horizontal oil-water separator is handled are passed through to flocculation reaction tank, and to flocculation reaction tank Interior addition flocculant and/or flocculation aid, carry out flocculation reaction;
4th step, the sewage in flocculation reaction tank is passed through to dissolved gas floatator, produced in dissolved gas floatator a large amount of Micro-bubble contacts adhesion with the small suspension in sewage, suspension is floated and is separated from water, make the oil content of water outlet≤ 20mg/l。
After technical solutions according to the invention, following beneficial effect is brought:
The present invention by by different types of water-oil separating single devices coherent combination, make each single devices give full play to from The advantages of body, maximize favourable factors and minimize unfavourable ones, cooperation completes oil-water separating function, effectively increases its application, can be generally applicable In handling various different types of sewage, meet the water inlet oil content requirement of post depth processing, and sewage treating efficiency is high, Construction cost is low, is easy to automatic management, and operating cost is low, can adapt to large range of water and changes, strong shock resistance, Treatment effect is stable, and sealing effect is good, and free from extraneous odour distributes.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1:The integrated connection schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2:The waste water processes figure of the present invention;
Fig. 3:Jar structure schematic diagram in the tank of the present invention;
Fig. 4:For Fig. 3 Y partial enlarged drawings;
Fig. 5:For Fig. 3 K partial enlarged drawings;
Fig. 6:For Fig. 3 R partial enlarged drawings;
Fig. 7:The Horizontal oil-water separator front view of the present invention;
Fig. 8:The Horizontal oil-water separator left view of the present invention;
Fig. 9:The Horizontal oil-water separator top view of the present invention;
Figure 10:The corrugated plating fundamental diagram of the Horizontal oil-water separator of the present invention;
Figure 11:The structure principle chart of the coarse polymerization filter core of the Horizontal oil-water separator of the present invention;
Figure 12:The structure principle chart of the polymer adsorption filter core of the Horizontal oil-water separator of the present invention;
Figure 13:The Horizontal oil-water separator of the present invention electricly connects schematic diagram;
Wherein:1st, tank 3, Horizontal oil-water separator 4, grid pond 5, flocculation reaction tank 6, molten gas in collecting-tank 2, tank Air floatation machine 7, chemicals dosing plant 8, body refuse pond 9, sump oil collection vessel 10, grid sewage-removing machine 11, one-level plumbing drain 12, two Level plumbing drain 13, three-level plumbing drain 14, total feed tube 15, oil-collecting pipeline 16, scum pipe 17, sewage pump 18, Oil water separator intake pump 19, flowmeter 21, the first sewage inlet 22, the second outlet of sewer 23, the first sludge outlet 24, First sump oil exports the 31, second sewage inlet 32, the second outlet of sewer 33, the second sump oil and exports the 51, the 3rd sewage inlet 52nd, the 3rd outlet of sewer 61, the 4th sewage inlet 62, discharge outlet 63, slag-drip opening 71, the first chemicals dosing plant 72, first add Medicine device 100, surmount pipe.
Embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, a kind of oil-polluted water grease removal treatment device, including, tank 2, horizontal profit in collecting-tank 1, tank Separator 3, chemicals dosing plant 7, flocculation reaction tank 5, dissolved gas floatator 6, sump oil collection vessel 9 and body refuse pond 8.The collecting-tank 1, Tank 2, Horizontal oil-water separator 3, flocculation reaction tank 5, dissolved gas floatator 6 are sequentially connected in tank, and pending oil-polluted water is first received Collection is handled in collecting-tank 1 then in turn through tank in tank 2, Horizontal oil-water separator 3, flocculation reaction tank 5, dissolved gas floatator 6 After discharge.
Preferably, grid pond 4 is additionally provided with the front side of collecting-tank 1, is provided with grid sewage-removing machine 10 in grid pond 4, waits to locate The oil-polluted water of reason is introduced into grid pond 4, and removes various debris through grid sewage-removing machine 10, is then discharged into again to collecting-tank 1 It is interior, wait and handling in next step.
Preferably, the sump oil collection vessel 9 is slop tank.
Tank 2 is used to receive the sewage from collecting-tank 1 in the tank, and carries out oil, water, mud initial gross separation to sewage.Tool Body, tank 2 has the first sewage inlet 21 in the tank, and is connected by total feed tube 14 with collecting-tank 1, in total feed tube 14 Sewage pump 17 is provided with, the oil-polluted water in collecting-tank 1 is pumped into tank in tank 2, tank 2 also has the in the tank One outlet of sewer 22, the first sludge outlet 23 and the first sump oil outlet 24, wherein, the first sludge outlet 23 by scum pipe 16 with Body refuse pond 8 is connected, and the first sump oil outlet 24 is connected by oil-collecting pipeline 15 with sump oil collection vessel 9.
Tank 2 is also known as " water-oil separating regulation tank " and mainly plays oil-polluted water three-phase (water, oil, slag) separation, storage in the tank With the effect of regulation oil-polluted water, not only with runoff investigation function, the separation of water, oil, slag can also be realized, is had well Automatic collecting oil, oil extraction, the efficiency of spoil disposal.The body refuse isolated in tank is discharged into body refuse pond 8, and oil slick is discharged into sump oil collection after collection Container 9.
The Horizontal oil-water separator 3 has the second sewage inlet 31, the second outlet of sewer 32 and the second sump oil outlet 33, Second sewage inlet 31 is connected by one-level plumbing drain 11 with the first outlet of sewer 22 of tank in tank 2;After tank 2 is handled in tank Sewage goes successively to Horizontal oil-water separator 3 and handled, further to realize oil, water separating treatment.Preferably, in one-level sewage pipe Road 11 is provided with oil water separator intake pump 18 and flowmeter 19, at the entery and delivery port both ends of oil water separator intake pump 18 also Surmount pipe 100 provided with connected in parallel, and directly connect tank 2 and Horizontal oil-water separator 3 in tank.The Horizontal oil-water separator 3 the second sump oil outlet 33 is connected by oil-collecting pipeline 15 with sump oil collection vessel 9.Horizontal oil-water separator 3 is to move fluid The efficient oil-polluted water oil removal treatment dress of mechanics, spinning liquid centrifugal separation technology and coarse technological incorporation in same device Put.The device can effectively be removed to the tiny elaioleucite that tank in tank 2 can not remove, can be continuous for a long time without transmission device Reliability service.
The flocculation reaction tank 5 has the 3rd sewage inlet 51 and the 3rd outlet of sewer 52;3rd sewage inlet 51 passes through B-grade sewage pipeline 12 is connected with the second outlet of sewer 32 of Horizontal oil-water separator 3;In flocculation reaction tank 5 or B-grade sewage pipe Road 12 is provided with dosing mouth, and is connected with chemicals dosing plant 7, and flocculation reaction is carried out for adding flocculant.Preferably, the flocculation Agitating device is provided with retort 5, so that flocculant is sufficiently mixed reaction with sewage.
The dissolved gas floatator 6 has the 4th sewage inlet 61, discharge outlet 62 and slag-drip opening 63;4th sewage inlet 61 is logical Three-level plumbing drain 13 is crossed to be connected with the 3rd outlet of sewer 52 of flocculation reaction tank 5, the slag-drip opening 63 by scum pipe 16 with Body refuse pond 8 connects.A small amount of oil emulsion and dissolved oil can be contained in sewage after the processing of Horizontal oil-water separator 3, these oil Class is very difficult to remove by simple physics mode, need to add medicament in flocculation reaction tank 5, pass through the mechanical agitation of agitating device Effect, makes medicament fully be contacted with the oils in sewage, and demulsification and flocculation reaction occurs, and produces flco, is separated out from water.By The oil-polluted water of dosing reaction enters dissolved gas floatator 6, and in the contact zone of dissolved gas floatator 6, dissolved gas floatator 6 discharges a large amount of micro- Minute bubbles contact adhesion with the small suspension in sewage;In the Disengagement zone of dissolved gas floatator 6, due to being floated caused by micro-bubble Power, suspension is set to float and be separated from water, sewage is purified, and is discharged by discharge outlet 62, from the sewage after flocculation reaction In isolate suspension caused by flocculation reaction, and be discharged into by scum pipe 16 into body refuse pond 8.
Preferably, the chemicals dosing plant 7 includes, including for adding the first dosing of flocculant into flocculation reaction tank 5 Device 71 and the second chemicals dosing plant 72 for adding flocculation aid into flocculation reaction tank 5, and the first chemicals dosing plant 71 is arranged on The upstream of second chemicals dosing plant 72, wherein, a kind of embodiment is that the first chemicals dosing plant 71 is connected with B-grade sewage pipeline 12, Second chemicals dosing plant 72 is connected with flocculation reaction tank 5.
As seen in figures 3-6, specifically, tank 2 includes in the tank, including, tank body, the first cyclone separator 204, feed tube 205th, the first floating oil collecting device 206a, the first oil exit pipe 201a, discharge pipeline 207, internal water flow tube 208, drainpipe 209, institute Stating tank body includes outer tank 201 and inner canister 202, and formed with annular compartment 203 between inner canister 202 and outer tank 201;The outer tank 201 be closed, and the inner canister 202 is divided into oil storage space 2021, separated space 2022, clear water space 2023 and dirt from top to bottom Mud space 2024, liquid level sensor (not shown), first rotation are respectively equipped with inner canister 202 and annular compartment 203 Stream separator 204 is arranged in inner canister 202, and (oil-out of general first cyclone separator is set with oil-out and delivery port Put up, delivery port is arranged below, but is not limited thereto, its set-up mode have it is a variety of, therefore it is not specifically illustrated herein); The feed tube 205 is connected through outer tank 201 with the first cyclone separator 204 in inner canister 202, and the feed tube 205 is located at One end outside outer tank 201 forms the first sewage inlet 21, and is connected with total feed tube 14;The first floating oil collecting device 206a The top of inner canister 202 is arranged on, is connected in oil storage space 2021, and with the first oil exit pipe 201a, the first oil exit pipe 201a prolongs Extend outside outer tank 201;Described one end of discharge pipeline 207 is connected with the bottom of inner canister 202, and the other end extends to outer through outer tank 201 Outside tank 201, and form first sludge outlet 23;One end of the internal water flow tube 208 is arranged on the interior of inner canister 202 Portion, the other end are arranged in annular compartment 203, for the water in inner canister 202 to be directed into annular compartment 203, the drainpipe 209 one end is arranged in annular compartment 203, and the other end is extended to outside outer tank 201 through outer tank 201, the drainpipe 209 One end outside outer tank forms the first outlet of sewer 22.
To collect the oil slick in annular compartment 203, the second floating oil collecting device is additionally provided with the outer wall of the inner canister 202 206b, the second floating oil collecting device 206b include, and the receipts oil weir notch 201c set around the outer wall of inner canister 202, are connected to receipts Second oil exit pipe 201b of oily weir notch 201c bottoms, the second oil exit pipe 201b other end are extended to outside outer tank 201.Described One sump oil outlet 24 is two, is located at one end outside outer tank by the first oil exit pipe 201a and the second oil exit pipe 201b respectively and is formed. Because oil slick can not be collected all by the first floating oil collecting device 206a, so after equipment longtime running, in inner canister 202 and outside One layer of oil slick can be built up in annular compartment 203 between tank 201, the second floating oil collecting device 206b can be by this part Floating oil collecting, and discharge outside tank body.
Specifically, it is described to receive oily weir notch 201c as annular, and positioned at the middle and upper part of inner canister 202, receiving, oily weir notch 201c is remote Side from inner canister 202 is provided with the opening that is connected with annular compartment 203, and draining valve 2014 is provided with the second oil exit pipe 201b, For controlling the second oil exit pipe 201b break-make.
Preferably, the bottom of inner canister 202 is fixed on the center of outer tank 201 by inner vessel support body 2013 so that Space is left between the bottom of inner canister 202 and outer tank 201, the drainpipe 209 passes through inner vessel support body 2013, extends to the space It is interior so that the water inlet of drainpipe 209 is located at the center of the bottom of outer tank 201 and in the downside of inner canister 202;In inner canister supporter 2013 It is provided with opening so that regional connectivity inside and outside inner vessel support body 2013.The internal water flow tube 208 includes, and is arranged on In inner canister 202, the first pipeline section 2081 for being upwardly extended by the middle and lower part of inner canister 202 along the inwall of inner canister 202, the first pipeline section 2081 Water inlet is located in clear water space 2023, is arranged on the outside of inner canister 202, and pass through interior tank skin and first by a U-tube 2084 The second pipeline section 2082 that pipeline section 2081 connects, the second pipeline section 2082 are obliquely installed, and are extended to the side of outer tank 201, are arranged on outer The 3rd pipeline section 2083 on the inwall of tank 201, the upper end of the 3rd pipeline section 2083 are connected with the second pipeline section 2082, and lower end extends to annular Water in inner canister 202 is directed into annular compartment 203 by the middle and lower part of chamber 203, the internal water flow tube 208 using siphon principle It is interior, homogenization is carried out in annular compartment 203.
The top of the U-tube 2084 is connected with siphon destructing tube 2085, and the upper end of the siphon destructing tube 2085 is spacious Opening, is provided with siphon destroying device 2086, for destroying the siphonage of pipe at this on siphon destructing tube 2085.When siphon is broken When siphon destroying device 2086 on bad pipe 2085 works, siphon destructing tube 2085 connects with the empty vapour in annular compartment 203, breaks The siphonage of bad internal water flow tube 208, when the siphon destroying device 2086 on siphon destructing tube 2085 is closed, inner canister 202 In liquid level once siphonage will occur higher than U-tube 2084, the water in inner canister 202 is discharged into annular compartment 203.
Preferably, it is additionally provided with a return pipe 2012 between the inner canister 202 and outer tank 201, the one of the return pipe 2012 End is connected with the bottom of inner canister 202, and the other end is through to outside outer tank 201, and is connected from outside with outer tank 201, in return pipe The 2012 part pipeline outside outer tank 201 is provided with the break-make that a stop valve 2015 is used for control piper, in stop valve 2015 During opening, the inner canister 202 is connected with annular compartment 203 by return pipe 2012.At the initial stage to the water filling of inner canister 202, backwater Stop valve 2015 on pipe 2012 remains on so that the water in part inner canister 202 is fed directly to annular compartment 203 It is interior, with balance inner canister 202 it is inside and outside between differential water pressures, after the water in annular compartment 203 reach a certain height, will return Stop valve 2015 on water pipe 2012 is closed, and prevents the water in inner canister 202 from continuing to flow into annular compartment 203.
The first floating oil collecting device 206a includes, floating drum 2061, and the splash pan 2062 being connected with floating drum 2061 is described The top of splash pan 2062 has receiving port, and lower end is connected with the first oil exit pipe 201a.The floating drum 2061 can be in inner canister 202 Fluctuate, its buoyancy provided causes the receiving port of splash pan 2062 to be always positioned at more than the water surface, and the slightly above water surface, when floating When oil reservoir reaches certain thickness, receiving port can be covered and entered in splash pan 2062, and exported by the first oil exit pipe 201a to tank Outside body.
Preferably, the bottom of inner canister 202 is gradually narrowed back taper, the discharge pipeline 207 with the bottom of inner canister 202 The heart is connected, and the stop valve 2015 of a control piper break-make is provided with discharge pipeline 207.When the stop valve 2015 on discharge pipeline 207 During opening, the sludge of the bottom of inner canister 202 is deposited under hydraulic pressure effect, will be discharged from discharge pipeline 207.
Preferably, tank also includes in the tank, and the first steam companions 2016, first steam companions 2016 includes Steam inlet pipe and steam outlet pipe, and the intermediate conveyor screw coil pipe being connected between steam inlet pipe and steam outlet pipe, the intermediate conveyor screw coil pipe position In inner canister 202, the steam inlet pipe runs through outer tank 201, and steam inlet pipe is used to be connected with steam raising plant.It is relatively low in temperature When, the first steam companions 2016 is used to heat the liquid in inner canister 202, increases the mobility of oil, specifically, first Steam companions 2016 uses existing structure, and its set-up mode is conventional arrangement, is not described in detail herein.
The course of work of tank is in the tank:First, the sewage from total feed tube 14 enters to by feed tube 205 One cyclone separator 204, oil-polluted water carry out rotary filter press in the first cyclone separator 204, are produced using the density contrast of profit Raw centrifugal force field, oil and light phase thing collect centre, the default oil storage space in the top of inner canister 202 are escaped and enter by oil-out In 2021, the He of clear water space 2023 that water and solid formation are down escaped and enter in inner canister 202 from the delivery port of separated space 2022 Sludge space 2024.Oil in oil storage space 2021 from the first oil exit pipe 201a after the collection of splash pan 2062 by being expelled to tank body Outside, after the water in inner canister 202 reach a certain height, will be entered by internal water flow tube 208 in annular compartment 203, then by arranging The drain tank of water pipe 209 enters subsequent processing units in vitro, and the sludge settling in inner canister 202 is certain when reaching in the bottom of inner canister 202 It is external from the drain tank of discharge pipeline 207 after amount.When producing a certain amount of oil slick in annular compartment 203, in annular compartment 203 When liquid level reaches the height received where oily weir notch 201c, the draining valve 2014 on the second oil exit pipe 201b is opened, floating on liquid level Oil is external along the second oil exit pipe 201b drain tanks after being collected by receiving oily weir notch 201c, after oil extraction terminates, the second oil exit pipe 201b On draining valve 2014 close.
Such as Fig. 7-Fig. 9, specifically, the Horizontal oil-water separator 3, including, housing 301, be arranged in housing 301 Two cyclone separators 302, corrugated plating coalescer 303, coarse polymerization filter core 304 and polymer adsorption filter core 305;The housing 301 be closed container, second sewage inlet 31, and the second outlet of sewer 32 and the second sump oil outlet 33 are formed in housing On 301, it is preferable that be additionally provided with mud discharging mouth 34 in the bottom of housing 301;The oil strain size of the coarse polymerization filter core 304 is more than Polymer adsorption filter core 305, specifically, coarse polymerize polymerization point of the filter core 304 as the tiny elaioleucite for 15-20 microns From absorption of the polymer adsorption filter core 305 as the tiny elaioleucite to 10-15 microns.
The housing 301 has been internally formed spin chamber 3000, swash plate chamber 3001, first-level filtering core cavity room 3002 and two level Filter core chamber 3003 and water chamber 3004, the 3rd floating oil collecting device 309 and collection chamber 3005 are provided with the top of housing 301, The spin chamber 3000 is used to install the second cyclone separator 302, and the swash plate chamber 3001 is used to install corrugated plating coalescence Device 303, the first-level filtering core cavity room 3002 are used to install coarse polymerization filter core 304, and the two level filter core chamber 3003 is used for Polymer adsorption filter core 305, the spin chamber 3000, swash plate chamber 3001, first-level filtering core cavity room 3002 and two level filter are installed The oil droplet isolated in core cavity room 3003 is collected to the 3rd floating oil collecting device 309, and the oil extraction by being arranged on outside housing 301 Pipeline 3017 is delivered to the memory storage of collection chamber 3005, the second sump oil outlet 33 and the 3rd floating oil collecting device 309 and/or collection Oil pocket 3005 connects, by the oil discharge housing 301 after collection, it should be pointed out that the coarse polymerization filter core 304 passes through The oil droplet coalescence of minor diameter is become major diameter, oil droplet is floated and is separated from water, and polymer adsorption filter core 305 is then direct Oil droplet is absorbed, oil droplet is separated with water, therefore, polymer adsorption filter core 305 needs to regularly replace, with the extension of time, Part oil slick can be also formed in two level filter core chamber 3003, and is collected by the 3rd floating oil collecting device 309.
Preferably, the second sump oil outlet 33 is formed on drain line 3017, and electricity is provided with drain line 3017 Dynamic valve 3010, for controlling the opening and closing of the second sump oil outlet 33.
Preferably, the spin chamber 3000, first-level filtering core cavity room 3002, swash plate chamber 3001, two level filter core chamber 3003 set gradually along the length direction of housing 301.
Second cyclone separator 302 connects with the second sewage inlet 31, and its delivery port is by being arranged on outside housing 301 One-level diversion pipeline 3015 be connected with the water inlet of first-level filtering core cavity room 3002, its oil-out and the 3rd floating oil collecting device 309 connections;The delivery port of the first-level filtering core cavity room 3002 passes through the passage inside housing 301 and corrugated plating coalescer 303 Water inlet connects, the delivery port of the corrugated plating coalescer 303 by the two level diversion pipeline 3016 that is arranged on outside housing 301 with The water inlet connection of two level filter core chamber 3003, two level filter core chamber 3003 is by being arranged on the passage inside housing 301 with going out Water cavity 3004 connects, and the second outlet of sewer 32 on the housing 301 is arranged on the side of water chamber 3004, and with water chamber 3004 Connection, the mud discharging mouth 34 on the housing 301 are located at the bottom of spin chamber 3000, and with the bottom of the second cyclone separator 302 Portion connects, for discharging the sludge isolated.
As shown in Figure 10, big arrow represents water (flow) direction in figure, and small arrow represents the oil droplet direction of motion, specifically, described Corrugated plating coalescer 303 is made up of multi-disc corrugated plating 3031, and described multi-disc corrugated plating 3031 is arranged in swash plate with identical spacing In chamber 3001.Preferably, the corrugated plating 3031 is stainless steel W type corrugated platings.Because the surface of corrugated plating 3031 is that oleophylic is hated Water, therefore, one layer of oil film is formed on the surface of corrugated plating 3031 first, with the continuous process of current, oil film gradually thickeies, borrowed Help the surface tension of oil to be formed after a certain size oil droplet, oil droplet is come off by the impulse force of oil droplet buoyancy itself and current, with water Flow through oil slick hole at crest to float, reach the purpose of water-oil separating.The corrugated plating coalescer 303 has water distribution uniformity, increased Long drainage flow distance, the elaioleucite floating distance that shortens, the polymerization probability of increase oil droplet, the time for accelerating profit polymerization to separate, can Ensure the stabilization of later separation effect.
Preferably, the coarse polymerization filter core 304 is one group, and is disposed side by side in first-level filtering core cavity room 3002, one Level diversion pipeline 3015 corresponds respectively to corresponding coarse polymerization filter core 304 provided with delivery port so that each coarse polymerization filter Core 304 can work simultaneously.The polymer adsorption filter core 305 is also one group, and is disposed side by side on two level filter core chamber 3003 Interior, the delivery port that two level diversion pipeline 3016 is provided with corresponds respectively to corresponding polymer adsorption filter core 305, and each macromolecule is inhaled Attached filter core 305 works simultaneously.
In order to adapt to different regions winter difference operating mode requirement, the Horizontal oil-water separator 3 also includes steam companion Thermal, the steam tracing device include, the second steam companions 3018 being arranged in housing 301, second steam Heat tracing pipe 3018 extends along the length direction of housing 301, and housing 301 is run through at its both ends, forms steam inlet 3018a and steaming respectively Vapor outlet 3018b, the steam inlet 3018a with steam raising plant for being connected.
With reference to shown in Fig. 9 and Figure 13, PLC electric cabinets 3012, radio frequency admittance level gauge sensor are additionally provided with the housing 301 3011st, pressure gauge (not shown), safety valve 3013 and thermometer 3014, PLC electric cabinets 3012 pass with radio frequency admittance level gauge Sensor 3011 and motor-driven valve 3010 connect.
As is illustrated by figs. 11 and 12, the coarse polymerization filter core 304 is made up of stainless (steel) wire 3041, and the macromolecule is inhaled Attached filter core 305 is made up of high polymer material 3051, and small oil droplet can gather into larger oil droplet when running into stainless (steel) wire 3041, and floating It can then be absorbed when being separated from water under power effect, and running into high polymer material 3051.
The operation principle of the Horizontal oil-water separator 3 is:
Oil-polluted water is inputted to the second sewage inlet 31 of Horizontal oil-water separator 3 by one-level plumbing drain 11 first, so Enter afterwards in the second cyclone separator 302 in spin chamber 3000, oil-polluted water relies on liquid in the second cyclone separator 302 Power flowing produces low speed rotation, and due to oily poor from the different densities of water, caused centrifugal force field is different, utilizes the centrifugal force pair Oil-polluted water is pre-processed, and sewage can produce secondary rising liquid stream, therefore its rate of departure in the second cyclone separator 302 Swash plate than conventional standing separation separates fast more than tens times, and small volume, efficiency high.
It is can ensure that by the oil content of wastewater of above-mentioned separation in 100mg/l or so.Then sewage leads to after water distribution uniformity Cross one-level diversion pipeline 3015 and input to by special processing, the coarse made of stainless (steel) wire spiral and polymerize in filter core 304, Coarse polymerization filter core can capture the tiny elaioleucite in water more than 15-20 microns, it is departed from coarse after becoming larger It polymerize filter core.
Depended on pressure automatically flows into swash plate chamber 3001 sewage handled by coarse polymerization filter core 304 again, containing greasy dirt After runner of the water in corrugated plating coalescer 303 by complications, liquid is set to reach the mesh of water distribution uniformity while laminar flow is realized , while the oil droplet for departing from coarse polymerization filter core 304 in first-level filtering core cavity room 3002 is continued into collision and grown up, make it from water Separate, then entered again by two level diversion pipeline 3016 in polymer adsorption filter core 305, the polymer adsorption filter core 305 mainly adsorb the small oil droplet of 10-15 microns, final to ensure that water outlet oil content is stable in below 50mg/h.Finally enter out Water cavity 3004, discharge housing 301 enter flocculation reaction tank 5.
After the oil being separated runs up to certain thickness (oil reservoir) in housing 301, by the 3rd floating oil collecting device 309 certainly It is dynamic to drain into oil collection in collection chamber 3005, when the oil reservoir in collection chamber 3005 reaches certain liquid level, by being arranged on collection chamber Signal is delivered to PLC electric cabinets 3012 by the radio frequency admittance level gauge sensor 3011 in 3005, and PLC electric cabinets 3012 automatically control electricity Dynamic valve 3010 opens (while also possess have artificial manual opening function), and oil is discharged into housing 301.
As shown in Fig. 2 a kind of sewage water treatment method using above-mentioned oil-polluted water grease removal treatment device, including following step Suddenly:
The first step, oil-polluted water is passed through into tank in tank 2, and carries out oil, water, mud initial gross separation in tank 2 in tank, made Oil content of wastewater≤150mg/l of discharge;
Second step, the sewage after tank in tank 2 is handled is passed through to Horizontal oil-water separator 3, in Horizontal oil-water separator 3 Further oil, water separating treatment are carried out, makes oil content of wastewater≤50mg/l of discharge;
3rd step, the sewage after Horizontal oil-water separator 3 is handled are passed through to flocculation reaction tank 5, and to flocculation reaction Addition flocculant and/or flocculation aid in tank 5, carry out flocculation reaction;
4th step, the sewage in flocculation reaction tank 5 is passed through to dissolved gas floatator 6, produced in dissolved gas floatator 6 big Amount micro-bubble contacts adhesion with the small suspension in sewage, suspension is floated and is separated from water, makes the oil content of water outlet ≤20mg/l。
Preferably, in the first step, outside oil-polluted water is first collected to grid pond 4 and collecting-tank 1, is led to after temporary Sewage pump 17 is crossed to be pumped into tank in tank 2.
Preferably, in the first step and second step, the oil isolated is discharged into after collection to slop tank memory storage, and is reclaimed Utilize.
Preferably, in the first step and the 4th step, the sludge or slag isolated are discharged into sludge-tank 8.
Described above is embodiments of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill in the art, not Under the premise of departing from the principle of the invention, various deformation and improvement can also be made, this should also be considered as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

  1. A kind of 1. oil-polluted water grease removal treatment device, it is characterised in that:Including,
    Tank in tank, oil, water, mud initial gross separation are carried out for receiving sewage, and to sewage;
    Horizontal oil-water separator, connected with tank in tank, to be carried out to the sewage after tank processing in tank at further oily, water separation Reason;
    Flocculation reaction tank, is connected with Horizontal oil-water separator, and is provided with dosing mouth, for carrying out flocculation reaction;
    Dissolved gas floatator, connected with flocculation reaction tank, suspension caused by flocculation reaction is isolated from the sewage after flocculation reaction Thing, and discharged by slag-drip opening;
    Sump oil collection vessel, connect with tank in tank and Horizontal oil-water separator, arranged with tank in collecting tank and Horizontal oil-water separator The sump oil gone out.
  2. A kind of 2. oil-polluted water grease removal treatment device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
    Tank has the first sewage inlet, the first outlet of sewer, the first sludge outlet and the outlet of the first sump oil in the tank;
    The Horizontal oil-water separator has the second sewage inlet, the second outlet of sewer and the outlet of the second sump oil;
    The flocculation reaction tank has the 3rd sewage inlet and the 3rd outlet of sewer;
    The dissolved gas floatator has the 4th sewage inlet and discharge outlet;
    The sump oil collection vessel has sump oil entrance;
    Second sewage inlet of the Horizontal oil-water separator is connected by the first outlet of sewer of tank in one-level plumbing drain and tank Connect;3rd sewage inlet of the flocculation reaction tank passes through B-grade sewage pipeline and the second outlet of sewer of Horizontal oil-water separator Connection;4th sewage inlet of the dissolved gas floatator is connected by the 3rd outlet of sewer of three-level plumbing drain and flocculation reaction tank Connect;First sump oil outlet and horizontal water-oil separating of the sump oil entrance of the sump oil collection vessel by tank in oil-collecting pipeline and tank The second sump oil outlet connection of device.
  3. A kind of 3. oil-polluted water grease removal treatment device according to claim 2, it is characterised in that:Also include collecting-tank and mud Slag bath, the collecting-tank is used to accommodating and storing pending oil-polluted water, and first by tank in total feed tube and tank is dirty Water inlet is connected, and sewage pump is provided with total feed tube, the oil-polluted water in collecting-tank is pumped into tank in tank, institute Body refuse pond is stated to be connected with the first sludge outlet of tank in tank and the slag-drip opening of dissolved gas floatator by scum pipe.
  4. A kind of 4. oil-polluted water grease removal treatment device according to claim 2, it is characterised in that:Also include and B-grade sewage The chemicals dosing plant of pipeline connection, the chemicals dosing plant include being used for the first chemicals dosing plant that flocculant is added into flocculation reaction tank With the second chemicals dosing plant for adding flocculation aid into flocculation reaction tank, and the first chemicals dosing plant is arranged on the second chemicals dosing plant Upstream.
  5. A kind of 5. oil-polluted water grease removal treatment device according to claim any one of 2-4, it is characterised in that:In the tank Tank includes,
    Tank body, the tank body include, outer tank and inner canister, between the inner vessel and the outer vessel formed with annular compartment;
    First cyclone separator, is arranged in inner canister, and has oil-out and delivery port;
    The feed tube being connected through outer tank and with the first cyclone separator in inner canister, the feed tube are located at one end outside outer tank Form the first sewage inlet;
    First floating oil collecting device on inner canister top is arranged on, and is connected with the first oil exit pipe and extends to outside outer tank;
    The discharge pipeline being connected with interior pot bottom, the other end of the discharge pipeline is extended to outside outer tank through outer tank, and forms institute State the first sludge outlet;
    One end is arranged on the inside of inner canister, and the other end is arranged on the internal water flow tube in annular compartment, and one end is arranged on ring In shape chamber, the other end passes through the drainpipe that outer tank is extended to outside outer tank, and one end that the drainpipe is located at outside outer tank is formed First outlet of sewer;
    The second floating oil collecting device is additionally provided with the outer wall of the inner canister, second floating oil collecting device includes, around inner canister The receipts oil weir notch that outer wall is set, is connected to the second oil exit pipe for receiving oily weir notch bottom, and the other end of the second oil exit pipe extends to outside Outside tank;
    The first sump oil outlet is two, is located at one end outside outer tank by the first oil exit pipe and the second oil exit pipe respectively and is formed.
  6. A kind of 6. oil-polluted water grease removal treatment device according to claim 5, it is characterised in that:The oily weir notch of receipts is ring Shape, and positioned at the middle and upper part of inner canister, side of the weir notch away from inner canister is being collected provided with the opening connected with annular compartment, second Oil exit pipe is provided with draining valve, for controlling the break-make of the second oil exit pipe.
  7. A kind of 7. oil-polluted water grease removal treatment device according to claim 5, it is characterised in that:The drainpipe is located at ring The mouth of pipe of one end in shape chamber is arranged on the center of outer pot bottom;The internal water flow tube includes, and is arranged in inner canister, by interior The first pipeline section that tank middle and lower part upwardly extends along interior top tank structure, it is arranged on the outside of inner canister, and interior tank skin is passed through by a U-tube The second pipeline section being connected with the first pipeline section, the second pipeline section extend to outer tank side, the 3rd pipeline section being arranged on outer top tank structure, the The upper end of three pipeline sections is connected with the second pipeline section, and lower end extends to the middle and lower part of annular compartment.
  8. A kind of 8. oil-polluted water grease removal treatment device according to claim any one of 2-4, it is characterised in that:It is described horizontal Oil water separator, including,
    Housing, the second cyclone separator, the corrugated plating coalescer being arranged in housing, coarse polymerization filter core and polymer adsorption Filter core;Second sewage inlet, the second outlet of sewer and the second sump oil export to be formed on housing;
    The enclosure interior, provided with first-level filtering core cavity room and two level filter core chamber, be respectively used to install coarse polymerization filter core and Polymer adsorption filter core, provided with spin chamber and swash plate chamber, it is respectively used to that the second cyclone separator and corrugated plating coalescence are installed Device;Be provided with the 3rd floating oil collecting device in case top, with collect from spin chamber, first-level filtering core cavity room, swash plate chamber and The oil slick that two level filter core chamber is isolated.
  9. A kind of 9. oil-polluted water grease removal treatment device according to claim 8, it is characterised in that:Second cyclonic separation Device connects with the second sewage inlet, the first-level filtering core cavity room between the second cyclone separator and corrugated plating coalescer, its Water inlet connects with the delivery port of the second cyclone separator, and its delivery port connects with corrugated plating coalescer water inlet;The two level The water inlet of filter core chamber connects with the delivery port of corrugated plating coalescer, and its delivery port connects with the second sewage inlet on housing It is logical;The case top is additionally provided with a collection chamber, and is connected by drain line with the 3rd floating oil collecting device, for temporary floating Oil, the second sump oil outlet on the housing are connected with the 3rd floating oil collecting device and/or collection chamber.
  10. 10. a kind of sewage water treatment method of oil-polluted water grease removal treatment device using as described in claim any one of 1-9, its It is characterised by, comprises the following steps:
    The first step, oil-polluted water is passed through into tank in tank, and carries out oil, water, mud initial gross separation in tank in tank, make discharge Oil content of wastewater≤150mg/l;
    Second step, the sewage after tank processing in tank is passed through to Horizontal oil-water separator, enters to advance in Horizontal oil-water separator The oil of one step, water separating treatment, make oil content of wastewater≤50mg/l of discharge;
    3rd step, the sewage after Horizontal oil-water separator is handled are passed through to flocculation reaction tank, and are added into flocculation reaction tank Add flocculant and/or flocculation aid, carry out flocculation reaction;
    4th step, the sewage in flocculation reaction tank is passed through to dissolved gas floatator, produced in dissolved gas floatator a large amount of small Bubble contacts adhesion with the small suspension in sewage, suspension is floated and is separated from water, makes oil content≤20mg/ of water outlet l。
CN201711122519.7A 2017-11-14 2017-11-14 A kind of oil-polluted water grease removal treatment device and processing method Pending CN107721016A (en)

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