CN107719285A - A kind of pre-impact system based on marmem active protective device - Google Patents
A kind of pre-impact system based on marmem active protective device Download PDFInfo
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- CN107719285A CN107719285A CN201710914003.XA CN201710914003A CN107719285A CN 107719285 A CN107719285 A CN 107719285A CN 201710914003 A CN201710914003 A CN 201710914003A CN 107719285 A CN107719285 A CN 107719285A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
- B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
- B60R19/18—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects characterised by the cross-section; Means within the bumper to absorb impact
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
- B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
- B60R19/18—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects characterised by the cross-section; Means within the bumper to absorb impact
- B60R2019/186—Additional energy absorbing means supported on bumber beams, e.g. cellular structures or material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
- B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
- B60R19/18—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects characterised by the cross-section; Means within the bumper to absorb impact
- B60R2019/1893—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects characterised by the cross-section; Means within the bumper to absorb impact comprising a multiplicity of identical adjacent shock-absorbing means
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Regulating Braking Force (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of pre-impact system based on marmem active protective device, the image of the relative distance of sensor assembly collection target, relative velocity and target, and above- mentioned information is transferred to collision anticipation unit and target type analytic unit.Collision anticipation unit receives this car speed information from vehicle CAN network simultaneously, and information calculates the braking distance s and braking time t of this car under maximum braking force accordingly, then the relative distance L of elapsed time t rear vehicle and objects ahead is calculated, L and s are compared, thus judge whether to occur unavoidably to collide.Target image is handled and analyzed by target type analytic unit, so as to differentiate the type of target.Pre-impact ECU combines the information of inevitable collision generation and the information of target type; control the electric current applied to shape-memory alloy wire in active protective device; so as to change the rigidity of the shape-memory alloy wire and energy absorption characteristics, injury of the collision to passenger and pedestrian is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of automobile safety, and particularly relates to a pre-collision system based on a shape memory alloy active protection device.
Background
With the development of the automobile industry, the safety problem of automobiles is more and more emphasized by people. The conventional automobile safety is divided into active safety and passive safety, wherein the active safety utilizes various sensors, and is combined with a control unit and an actuating mechanism to avoid the occurrence of automobile collision accidents, and the passive safety refers to safety measures adopted after the occurrence of the collision accidents and used for protecting passengers, such as safety belts and safety airbags. A research field also exists between active safety and passive safety, the field is automobile pre-collision, and the research of the automobile pre-collision is that systems such as an automobile early warning system, a protection system and a driver assistance system and the like cooperatively play a role in the instant process of accident occurrence, so that the accident loss is minimized.
There are related patents that relate to the field of pre-crash. Chinese patent CN 104691480A discloses a vehicle pre-collision system, which can effectively reduce the collision probability of a vehicle by arranging a corresponding collision determination unit, and can also take auxiliary braking measures and corresponding safety measures to effectively protect passengers in the vehicle even if unavoidable collision occurs. However, the system cannot effectively identify the collision object, and different measures are taken according to different collision objects to ensure the safety of passengers or pedestrians in the vehicle. Chinese patent CN 105150972A discloses a variable stiffness bumper system based on pre-collision, which can adjust the stiffness of an air bag by controlling the inflation quantity of the air bag, thereby flexibly adjusting the energy absorption characteristic of the bumper according to the difference of collision properties. Although the composition, arrangement mode and operation principle of the variable-stiffness bumper system are described in detail, the detection of collision objects, the principle of judging whether the collision is unavoidable or not and the judgment of collision properties are few; in addition, the system disclosed in the patent is complex in structure, and requires additional air supply and control valves, which is not favorable for arrangement.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a longitudinal pre-crash system for a vehicle, which can determine whether an unavoidable crash occurs and take effective measures to protect occupants and pedestrians in the vehicle according to different types of crash targets when it is predicted that an unavoidable crash is about to occur.
The shape memory alloy as the energy-absorbing material has the advantages of high damping, super elasticity, impact resistance and shape memory effect, and the controllable energy absorption of the shape memory alloy can be realized through the temperature-sensitive characteristic and the resistance characteristic of the shape memory alloy. Therefore, the active energy absorption adjustment of the anti-collision structure of the automobile can be realized by utilizing the energy dissipation controllable characteristic of the shape memory alloy material under the action of electric heat and combining the automobile environment sensing technology, the self-adaptive adjustment of the energy absorption characteristic of the anti-collision structure is carried out according to collision objects, and the aims of reducing the damage of passengers and pedestrians and reducing the collision damage of the automobile are fulfilled.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defect that the conventional automobile pre-collision system cannot take effective measures according to different pre-collision target types to protect the safety of passengers and pedestrians in an automobile, and provides a pre-collision system based on a shape memory alloy active protection device, which can judge whether unavoidable collision occurs. And when the unavoidable collision is judged to be about to occur, the current applied to the shape memory alloy is controlled according to the target type of the pre-collision, so that the shape memory alloy has different rigidity and energy absorption characteristics, and further, the damage of the collision to passengers and pedestrians in the vehicle and the vehicle collision damage are reduced.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a pre-crash system based on a shape memory alloy active protection device, comprising:
the system comprises a sensor module, a data processing module and a data processing module, wherein the sensor module is used for monitoring a target in front of a vehicle in real time and acquiring relative distance and relative speed information of the target and an image of the target;
the collision pre-judging unit receives current vehicle speed information from a vehicle CAN network, simultaneously receives target relative distance and relative speed information from a sensor module, and judges whether unavoidable collision occurs according to the received current vehicle speed information and the target relative distance and relative speed information;
the target type analysis unit receives an image of a target acquired by the sensor module, processes and analyzes the image of the target, and judges the type of the target;
a shape memory alloy active protection device comprising a shape memory alloy wire, the stiffness of the shape memory alloy wire changing with changes in temperature;
and the pre-collision electronic control unit receives information whether the unavoidable collision occurs and target type information, and controls the current applied to the shape memory alloy wire according to the target type if the unavoidable collision occurs.
Preferably, the shape memory alloy active protection device includes: the anti-collision beam and the shape memory alloy energy absorption box; the front side of the anti-collision cross beam is connected to the plastic shell at the front end of the vehicle body, and the rear side of the anti-collision cross beam is connected with the vehicle body longitudinal beam through the shape memory alloy energy absorption box.
Preferably, the object types include a class one object, a class two object, and a class three object.
Preferably, the class of objects includes pedestrians, animals, bicycles.
Preferably, the second category of targets includes automobiles.
Preferably, the three types of targets are targets other than the one type of targets and the two types of targets.
Preferably, the sensor module includes a relative distance and relative speed acquisition device and an image acquisition device.
Preferably, the relative distance and relative speed acquisition device adopts a millimeter wave radar or a laser radar.
Preferably, the image acquisition device is a camera.
A control method of a pre-collision system based on a shape memory alloy active protection device comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: calculating the braking distance s and the braking time t of the vehicle under the maximum braking force, and the relative distance L between the vehicle and the front target after the time t; wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
the calculation method of the braking distance s comprises the following steps:
the calculation method of the braking time t comprises the following steps:
the method for calculating the relative distance L between the vehicle and the front target after the time t is as follows:
L＝L 0 +t(u r +u a0 )；
in the above expression: tau is 1 ′+τ 2 ' driver reaction time, τ 2 ' time required for brake to act, [ tau ] 2 "is the brake force increase time, u a0 To initiate braking of the vehicle, a bmax For maximum braking deceleration, L 0 And u r The relative distance and the relative speed of the front target detected by the sensor module respectively;
step two: comparing L with s, and judging whether unavoidable collision occurs or not;
if L is greater than s, judging that unavoidable collision does not occur;
if L < s, judging that unavoidable collision occurs;
step three: if the unavoidable collision is judged to occur in the second step, determining the current applied to the shape memory alloy wire according to the target type;
when the target type is a type of target, maintaining the shape memory alloy at the existing temperature without applying current to the shape memory alloy;
when the target type is a type II target, applying a current I to heat the shape memory alloy wire, wherein the calculation method of the current I comprises the following steps:
when the target type is three types of targets, applying current I 'to heat the shape memory alloy wire, wherein the calculation method of the magnitude of the current I' comprises the following steps:
wherein m is the mass of the single shape memory alloy wire, C is the specific heat capacity of the single shape memory alloy wire, R is the resistance of the single shape memory alloy wire, u is the specific heat capacity of the single shape memory alloy wire a0 For initial braking of the vehicle, a bmax For maximum braking deceleration, L 0 And u r The relative distance and the relative speed of the front target detected by the sensor module are respectively, and L is the relative distance between the vehicle and the front target after the time t.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the pre-collision system based on the shape memory alloy active protection device can judge whether the vehicle has unavoidable collision or not, and when the fact that the unavoidable collision is about to occur is judged, current applied to the shape memory alloy wires is controlled according to the type of a pre-collision target, so that the shape memory alloy wires have different rigidity and energy absorption characteristics, injury of the vehicle interior passengers and pedestrians caused by collision is reduced, vehicle collision damage is reduced, and the defect that the conventional vehicle pre-collision system cannot adopt effective measures according to different types of pre-collision targets to protect the safety of the vehicle interior passengers and pedestrians is overcome.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the working process of the pre-crash system based on the shape memory alloy active protection device according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an active protection device of shape memory alloy according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention by referring to the description text.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a pre-collision system based on a shape memory alloy active protection device, which comprises a sensor module, a collision pre-judging unit, a target type analyzing unit, a shape memory alloy active protection device and a pre-collision electronic control unit. The sensor module is arranged on the front side of the vehicle body and used for monitoring a target in front of the vehicle in real time, and acquiring the relative distance and the relative speed information of the target and an image of the target. The sensor module comprises a relative distance and relative speed acquisition device and an image acquisition device, wherein the relative distance and relative speed acquisition device adopts a millimeter wave radar or a laser radar; the image acquisition device is a camera. A collision pre-determination unit that receives current vehicle speed information from a vehicle CAN network; the collision pre-judging unit is connected with the sensor module and receives the relative distance and the relative speed information of the target from the sensor module; and the collision pre-judging unit judges whether the vehicle has unavoidable collision according to the received current vehicle speed information and the received target relative distance and relative speed information. And the target type analysis unit is connected with the sensor module, receives the image of the target acquired by the sensor module, processes and analyzes the image of the target, and judges the type of the target. A shape memory alloy active protection device comprising a shape memory alloy wire, the stiffness of which changes with changes in temperature. And the pre-collision electronic control unit is connected with the collision pre-judging unit and the target type analyzing unit and is connected with the shape memory alloy active protection device through a control circuit. The pre-collision electric control unit receives the information whether the unavoidable collision is generated or not sent by the collision pre-judging unit and the target type information sent by the target type analyzing unit; if the unavoidable collision occurs, the pre-collision electronic control unit adjusts the current applied to the shape memory alloy wire through the control circuit according to the target type of the pre-collision, so that the rigidity and the energy absorption characteristic of the shape memory alloy are changed.
As shown in fig. 2, the shape memory alloy active protection device includes: an anti-collision beam 120, a shape memory alloy energy absorption box 130; the front side of the anti-collision cross beam 120 is connected to the plastic shell 110 at the front end of the vehicle body, the rear side of the anti-collision cross beam 120 is connected to the vehicle body longitudinal beam 140 through the shape memory alloy energy absorption box 130, and the shape memory alloy energy absorption box 130 is provided with shape memory alloy wires.
The object types include a first class object, a second class object and a third class object.
In this embodiment, the class of objects includes pedestrians, animals, bicycles. The second category of targets includes automobiles and other motor vehicles. The three types of targets are targets other than the first type of targets and the second type of targets.
The invention also provides a control method of the pre-collision system based on the shape memory alloy active protection device, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: calculating the braking distance s and the braking time t of the vehicle under the maximum braking force, and the relative distance L between the vehicle and the front target after the time t; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the calculation method of the braking distance s comprises the following steps:
the calculation method of the braking time t comprises the following steps:
the method for calculating the relative distance L between the vehicle and the front target after the time t is as follows:
L＝L 0 +t(u r +u a0 )；
in the above expression: tau is 1 ′+τ 2 ' driver reaction time, τ 2 ' time required for brake to act, [ tau ] 2 "is the brake force increase time, u a0 To initiate braking of the vehicle, a bmax For maximum braking deceleration, L 0 And u r The relative distance and the relative speed of the front target detected by the sensor module respectively;
step two: comparing L with s, and judging whether unavoidable collision occurs or not;
if L is greater than s, judging that unavoidable collision does not occur;
if L < s, judging that unavoidable collision occurs;
step three: if the unavoidable collision is judged to occur in the second step, determining the current applied to the shape memory alloy wire according to the target type;
when the object type is a class of objects, namely pedestrians, animals and bicycles, the shape memory alloy is kept at the existing temperature without applying current to the shape memory alloy;
when the target type is a second type target, applying a current I to heat the shape memory alloy wire, wherein the calculation method of the magnitude of the current I comprises the following steps:
when the target type is three types of targets, applying current I 'to heat the shape memory alloy wire, wherein the calculation method of the magnitude of the current I' comprises the following steps:
wherein m is the mass of the single shape memory alloy wire, C is the specific heat capacity of the single shape memory alloy wire, R is the resistance of the single shape memory alloy wire, u is the specific heat capacity of the single shape memory alloy wire a0 For initial braking of the vehicle, a bmax For maximum braking deceleration, L 0 And u r The relative distance and the relative speed of the front target detected by the sensor module are respectively, and L is the relative distance between the vehicle and the front target after the time t.
The implementation of the control process of the pre-crash system based on the shape memory alloy active protection device is taken as an example to further explain:
the sensor module monitors a target in front of the vehicle in real time, wherein the relative distance and relative speed acquisition device acquires the relative distance and relative speed of the target and transmits the information to the collision pre-judgment unit. The collision pre-judging unit receives the speed information of the vehicle from the CAN network of the vehicle, calculates the braking distance s and the braking time t of the vehicle under the maximum braking force according to the information, calculates the relative distance L between the vehicle and a front target after the time t according to the target relative distance and the relative speed information, and compares the L and the s, thereby judging whether the unavoidable collision occurs. The image acquisition device of the sensor module acquires an image of a target and transmits the image to the target type analysis unit, and the target type analysis unit processes and analyzes target image information so as to judge the type of the target. The pre-collision electronic control unit is used for controlling the shape memory alloy wire in the memory alloy active protection device to apply different currents by combining the information of the unavoidable collision from the collision pre-judgment unit and the information of the collision target type from the target type analysis unit, so that the memory alloy wire is heated to different temperatures, and the memory alloy wire has different rigidity and energy absorption characteristics.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in various fields of endeavor to which the invention pertains, and further modifications may readily be made by those skilled in the art, it being understood that the invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A pre-crash system based on a shape memory alloy active protection device, comprising:
the system comprises a sensor module, a data processing module and a data processing module, wherein the sensor module is used for monitoring a target in front of a vehicle in real time and acquiring relative distance and relative speed information of the target and an image of the target;
the collision pre-judging unit receives current vehicle speed information from a vehicle CAN network, simultaneously receives target relative distance and relative speed information from a sensor module, and judges whether unavoidable collision occurs according to the received current vehicle speed information and the target relative distance and relative speed information;
the target type analysis unit receives an image of a target acquired by the sensor module, processes and analyzes the image of the target, and judges the type of the target;
a shape memory alloy active protection device comprising a shape memory alloy wire, the stiffness of which changes with changes in temperature;
and the pre-collision electronic control unit receives information whether the unavoidable collision occurs and target type information, and controls the current applied to the shape memory alloy wire according to the target type if the unavoidable collision occurs.
2. The pre-crash system of claim 1 wherein the shape memory alloy active protection device comprises: the anti-collision beam and the shape memory alloy energy absorption box; the front side of the anti-collision cross beam is connected to the plastic shell at the front end of the vehicle body, and the rear side of the anti-collision cross beam is connected with the vehicle body longitudinal beam through the shape memory alloy energy absorption box.
3. The pre-crash system of claim 1, wherein the target types comprise a class one target, a class two target, and a class three target.
4. The pre-crash system of claim 3 wherein the class of objects includes pedestrians, animals, bicycles.
5. The pre-crash system of claim 3, wherein the class two target comprises an automobile.
6. The pre-crash system of claim 3 wherein the three types of targets are the one type of target and targets other than the two types of targets.
7. The pre-crash system of claim 1 wherein the sensor module comprises a relative distance and relative velocity acquisition device and an image acquisition device.
8. The pre-crash system based on an active shape memory alloy protection device of claim 7, wherein the relative distance and relative speed acquisition device is a millimeter wave radar or a laser radar.
9. The pre-crash system of claim 7 wherein the image capture device is a camera.
10. A control method of a pre-collision system based on a shape memory alloy active protection device is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: calculating the braking distance s and the braking time t of the vehicle under the maximum braking force, and the relative distance L between the vehicle and the front target after the time t; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the calculation method of the braking distance s comprises the following steps:
the calculation method of the braking time t comprises the following steps:
the method for calculating the relative distance L between the vehicle and the front target after the time t is as follows:
L＝L 0 +t(u r +u a0 )；
in the above expression: tau is 1 ′+τ 2 ' driver reaction time, τ 2 ' time required for brake to act, [ tau ] 2 "is the brake force increase time, u a0 To initiate braking of the vehicle, a bmax For maximum braking deceleration, L 0 And u r The relative distance and the relative speed of the front target detected by the sensor module respectively;
step two: comparing L with s, and judging whether unavoidable collision occurs or not;
if L is greater than s, judging that unavoidable collision does not occur;
if L < s, judging that unavoidable collision occurs;
step three: if the unavoidable collision is judged to occur in the second step, determining the current applied to the shape memory alloy wire according to the target type;
when the target type is a type of target, no current needs to be applied to the shape memory alloy;
when the target type is a second type target, applying a current I to heat the shape memory alloy wire, wherein the calculation method of the magnitude of the current I comprises the following steps:
when the target type is three types of targets, applying current I 'to heat the shape memory alloy wire, wherein the calculation method of the magnitude of the current I' comprises the following steps:
wherein m is the mass of the single shape memory alloy wire, C is the specific heat capacity of the single shape memory alloy wire, R is the resistance of the single shape memory alloy wire, u is the specific heat capacity of the single shape memory alloy wire a0 For initial braking at a speed of a bmax For maximum braking deceleration, L 0 And u r The relative distance and the relative speed of the front target detected by the sensor module are respectively, and L is the relative distance between the vehicle and the front target after the time t.
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| CN110715019A (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2020-01-21 | 吉林大学 | Shape memory alloy-based automobile structure rigidity changing device and control method thereof |
| CN112124237A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2020-12-25 | 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 | Automobile anti-collision beam device and control method thereof |
| CN113548000A (en) * | 2021-08-11 | 2021-10-26 | 北京三快在线科技有限公司 | Protection method of unmanned equipment and unmanned equipment |
| WO2023066015A1 (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2023-04-27 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | Rail train smart anti-climbing system, control method, and rail train |
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| CN107719285B (en) | 2019-05-24 |
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