CN107704669B - Grounding electrode dynamic corrosion process simulation method based on electrochemical polarization curve test - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a grounding electrode dynamic corrosion process simulation method based on electrochemical polarization curve testing, which mainly comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a test electrode slice is used as a working electrode, a soil simulation solution is used as an electrolyte, and a three-electrode system is adopted to test the data of the electric polarization curves of different test electrode slices in the soil simulation solutions with different pH values, so that an electric polarization curve database is constructed; and secondly, setting the boundary of the surface of the test electrode slice as a deformation boundary, taking an interpolation function of the data of the electric polarization curve as a data source of the corrosion reaction dynamics of the test electrode slice, and simulating coordinates of each point on the surface of the test electrode slice at each moment by adopting a finite element method, thereby obtaining a qualitative dynamic corrosion process of the test electrode slice. The method can simulate the dynamic corrosion process of different grounding electrodes in different soil simulation solutions, and has higher simulation accuracy; meanwhile, the real corrosion condition of the grounding electrode can be quantitatively analyzed according to the simulated dynamic corrosion process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power system grounding, and particularly relates to a grounding electrode dynamic corrosion process simulation method based on electrochemical polarization curve testing.
Background
In power systems, grounding has always been an important issue directly related to personal and equipment safety. The main component of the grounding device is a grounding electrode, which is used for leakage current to ensure the safe operation of the power system. The main factor affecting the safe operation of the grounding system is the dissolution-corrosion problem of the grounding electrode material. If the grounding electrode is corroded, the effective area of a grounding electrode material can be reduced, the current dispersion effect of a grounding body is influenced, when lightning strike or system short circuit occurs, personal safety of workers in a grounding system, equipment safety and stable operation of the system can be threatened, and the consequences are difficult to estimate. When the grounding body is seriously corroded, the grounding body can even break, and the function of the grounding electrode is lost. Therefore, in order to ensure the safe and stable operation of the power system, the research on the corrosion problem of the grounding pole is of great significance.
e.B. Muehlenkamp et al[1]A simulation model for reinforcing steel bar cathodic protection is provided, wherein the reaction kinetics of the reinforcing steel bar surface adopts a cathode-anode Tafel equation of an iron material, parameters of the anode-cathode Tafel equation adopt cathode-anode equilibrium potential, exchange current density and Tafel slope, and reaction conditions are fixed. Cao Qingzhou[2]The research on the overflow and dispersion characteristics of the grounding electrode current and the influence on the grounding electrode corrosion is carried out, and fixed corrosion parameters of the grounding electrode made of iron materials are selected. But the material of the grounding electrode in the practical engineering is selected abundantly and is not a single iron material. And the grounding system is generally located in remote areas, the surrounding environment is complex, the grounding electrodes of the same grounding grid have different corrosion conditions due to different working environments, and the corrosion condition of a specific grounding electrode cannot be used for deducing the overall condition. Therefore, a simulation method for testing the corrosion condition of the grounding electrode, especially for measurement simulation in a dynamic corrosion process, which meets the requirements of simplicity and precision at the same time, is lacked.
The following references are referred to herein:
[1]E.B.Muehlenkamp,M.D.Koretsky,J.C.Westall.Effect of Moisture on the Spatial Uniformity of Cathodic Protection of Steel in Reinforced Concrete[J],Corrosion,2012,61(6):519–533.
[2] caoqingzhou, study on the characteristics of earth electrode current overflow and influence on earth electrode corrosion [ D ], Chongqing university 2016,42-43.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a grounding electrode dynamic corrosion process simulation method based on electrochemical polarization curve testing, which can meet the requirements of simplicity and precision.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a grounding electrode dynamic corrosion process simulation method based on electrochemical polarization curve testing comprises the following steps:
s100, constructing an electric polarization curve database of the grounding electrode material, wherein the step further comprises the following substeps:
s110, collecting different grounding electrode materials, and manufacturing the grounding electrode materials into test electrode slices;
s120, preparing soil simulation solutions with different pH values by adopting acid solutions and alkali solutions according to the actual pH value of the soil;
s130, testing the data of the electric polarization curves of different test electrode slices in soil simulation solutions with different pH values by using a three-electrode system and taking the test electrode slices as working electrodes and soil simulation solutions as electrolytes, so as to construct an electric polarization curve database;
s200, simulating the dynamic corrosion process of the test electrode plate, wherein the step further comprises the substeps of:
s210, inputting the potential value and the current value in each electric polarization curve data into an interpolation function by taking the potential as an independent variable and the current as a dependent variable to obtain the interpolation function of each electric polarization curve data;
s220, establishing a corrosion model of the test electrode slice in soil, setting the boundary of the surface of the test electrode slice as a deformation boundary, taking an interpolation function of the data of the electric polarization curve as a source of corrosion reaction kinetic data of the test electrode slice, and simulating coordinates of each point on the surface of the test electrode slice at each moment by adopting a finite element method;
and S230, obtaining a qualitative dynamic corrosion process of the test electrode slice according to the coordinate change of each point on the surface of the test electrode slice at each moment.
Further, before the electric polarization curve data test, the following pretreatment is sequentially carried out on the test electrode slice:
(1) sequentially polishing the surface of the test electrode slice, cleaning, cooling and drying;
(2) welding a lead on the surface of the test electrode plate;
(3) and packaging the test electrode plate, and taking the packaged test electrode plate as a working electrode.
Further, the welding of the lead wire to the surface of the test electrode plate specifically includes:
and removing the outer insulating skin at the edge of the end of the lead, exposing the inner core of the lead, bending the exposed inner core of the lead, and welding the bent exposed inner core of the lead on the surface of the test electrode plate.
Further, the encapsulation test electrode slice sequentially comprises:
taking the PVC pipe with the polished upper surface and lower surface;
the test electrode is arranged in the PVC pipe;
filling glue into the PVC pipe until the PVC pipe is filled;
after the glue solution is solidified, polishing the surface of the test electrode plate, and removing impurities on the surface of the test electrode plate;
the test electrode pieces were cleaned and dried.
Further, when a three-electrode system is adopted to test the data of the electric polarization curves of different test electrode plates in soil simulation solutions with different pH values, a platinum sheet is used as an auxiliary electrode, a saturated calomel electrode is used as a reference electrode, the working electrode, the auxiliary electrode and the reference electrode are connected with corresponding joints of an electrochemical workstation of a CorrTest electrochemical test system, and the data of the electric polarization curves of potential test electrode plates in the soil simulation solutions are set.
Further, in the substep S210, the electric polarization curve data is fitted first, and then an interpolation function of each electric polarization curve data after fitting is obtained.
Further, the soil in the corrosion model of the test electrode slice in the soil is semi-infinite large soil.
Further, the method for simulating coordinates of each point on the surface of the test electrode plate at each moment by using a finite element method specifically comprises the following steps:
obtaining electrochemically generated local current data according to an interpolation function of the electric polarization curve data;
calculating the surface corrosion reaction rate v of the electrode plate to be tested by adopting a microscopic Faraday's law equation according to the local current data and the corrosion modeln；
According to surface deformation boundary equation
Obtaining the deformation distribution of the surface of the test electrode plate in unit time
Wherein x represents the ground pole surface coordinates, n represents the direction, and t represents the time;
according to the distribution of deformation
And obtaining the coordinates of each point on the surface of the test electrode plate at each moment.
The method of the invention also comprises the following steps:
and obtaining the variable quantity of the coordinates of each point on the surface of the test electrode plate at each moment according to the coordinate change of each point on the surface of the test electrode plate at each moment, thereby obtaining the quantitative dynamic corrosion process of the test electrode plate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following characteristics and beneficial effects:
because the grounding electrode is buried underground for a long time in actual engineering, the grounding electrode has long service time and cannot be interrupted, the environment is changeable in the corrosion process, the corrosion condition is complex, and a single fixed parameter cannot reflect the real dynamic development process of corrosion. The method simulates the dynamic corrosion process of different grounding electrodes in different soil simulation solutions by testing the electric polarization curve data of different grounding electrode materials in different soil simulation solutions and combining a finite element method according to the electric polarization curve data, and has higher simulation accuracy. Meanwhile, the real corrosion condition of the grounding electrode in the actual engineering can be quantitatively analyzed according to the simulated dynamic corrosion process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an electric polarization curve of a copper sheet of the grounding electrode material in different soil simulation solutions in the embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a simplified corrosion model constructed in the examples.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the present invention and/or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will describe embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some examples of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings and embodiments can be derived from them without inventive effort.
The specific steps of one specific embodiment of the invention are as follows:
s100, constructing an electric polarization curve database of the grounding electrode material.
This step further comprises the substeps of:
s110, manufacturing a test electrode slice.
And collecting the common grounding electrode materials in the actual engineering, and manufacturing the grounding electrode materials into test electrode slices. In the present embodiment, the ground electrode material is processed into a test electrode sheet having a size of 10cm × 10cm × 2 cm. And then, sequentially polishing the surface of the test electrode plate, cleaning the test electrode plate by using an organic solvent, and cooling and drying the test electrode plate for later use.
S120 preparing a soil simulating solution.
According to the actual pH value of the soil, preparing soil simulation solutions with different pH values by adopting an acid solution and an alkali solution, and taking the prepared soil simulation solutions as electrolytes for testing an electric polarization curve. The acid solution may be hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, etc., but is not limited thereto; the alkali solution may be a sodium hydroxide solution, but is not limited thereto.
S130, testing the electric polarization curve of the test electrode slice.
The method further comprises the following steps:
s131, a working electrode is fabricated.
And (3) cutting a copper wire with the length of 20-30 cm, removing the outer plastic skin at the edge of the end head, exposing a copper wire with the length of about 2cm, and welding the exposed copper wire with the test electrode plate. For the convenience of welding, the exposed copper wire is bent by pliers to form an included angle of about 90 degrees.
A PVC pipe 20cm in diameter and 10cm long was cut out, and the upper and lower surfaces of the PVC pipe were polished with sandpaper and washed for use. And vertically sticking the welded test electrode plate to the flat desktop by using a double-sided adhesive tape, placing a PVC pipe around the test electrode plate, and sticking and fixing the PVC pipe to the flat desktop by using the double-sided adhesive tape. And (3) draining the AB glue solution and slowly pouring the AB glue solution into the PVC pipe until the PVC pipe is filled. And solidifying the AB glue solution. And (3) polishing the test electrode plate by using 150# abrasive paper, and removing impurities such as double-sided adhesive tape, AB adhesive and the like adhered to the surface of the test electrode plate. When polishing, the surface of the test electrode plate is observed, the working surface of the test electrode plate is ensured to be positioned on the same plane, and the directions of scratches generated by polishing are consistent. And finally, cleaning the working surface of the test electrode plate by using deionized water and wiping the working surface by using alcohol to ensure that the working surface of the test electrode plate is clear and clean, and finally drying to obtain the working electrode for standby.
And S132, testing the electric polarization curve of the test electrode slice.
The standard three-electrode system is used for testing the electric polarization curve, the prepared test electrode slice is used as a working electrode, a platinum slice is used as an auxiliary electrode, and a saturated calomel electrode is used as a reference electrode. Before the test is started, the platinum electrode is completely packaged, and the solution in the reference electrode is sufficient. The three electrodes are placed in an electrolytic cell, which contains an electrolyte. The three electrodes are arranged at positions which ensure that the auxiliary electrode is opposite to the working electrode as much as possible, and the reference electrode is close to the working electrode as much as possible.
The joints of the CS series electrochemical workstation (hereinafter abbreviated as "electrochemical workstation") of the CorrTest electrochemical test system were connected to the respective electrodes and the following steps were carried out:
(A) and (3) starting a power supply, connecting the electrochemical workstation with a computer, and correctly connecting a working electrode, an auxiliary electrode and a reference electrode of the electrolytic cell with the electrochemical workstation.
(B) The key F2 is pressed to perform open circuit potential scanning for 5min, and potential scanning is performed after the open circuit potential is stabilized.
(C) And pressing an F5 key to carry out potentiodynamic scanning, wherein the initial potential is-0.1V, the termination potential is 0.1V, the scanning speed is 0.2mV/s relative to the open circuit potential, and after the scanning is finished, the data are stored.
(D) And changing the pH values of the test electrode slice and the soil simulation solution to obtain the data of the electric polarization curves of different soil simulation solutions under different working electrodes.
In the embodiment, an electric polarization curve of a grounding electrode material copper sheet in different soil simulation solutions is provided, as shown in fig. 2, the abscissa and the ordinate of the electric polarization curve respectively represent current density and scanning electrokinetic potential, electrokinetic potential scanning is adopted in the specific embodiment, and corresponding current density is obtained under different potentials. The method comprises the steps of respectively carrying out electric polarization curves of a grounding electrode material copper sheet under the conditions that pH values are 4, 7 and 8 (namely Cu-pH is 4, Cu-pH is 7 and Cu-pH is 8), wherein Ba represents the reaction slope of an anode of a Tafel equation, and the reaction changes the influence of the electric field intensity of an electric double layer on the reaction rate, and the unit is mV; i is0Indicates the exchange current density, which reflects the ease of electrode reaction, in Amp/cm2；E0Represents the stable value of the initial scanning potential in Volts.
By adopting the method, the data of the electric polarization curves of different test electrode slices in different soil simulation solutions are obtained, so that an electric polarization curve database of the grounding electrode material is constructed.
S200, simulating the dynamic corrosion process of the test electrode plate.
The method further comprises the following steps:
s210 obtains an interpolation function for each electric polarization curve data.
And inputting the potential value and the current value in each electric polarization curve data in the electric polarization curve database into an interpolation function to obtain the interpolation function of each electric polarization curve data, wherein the potential is an independent variable, and the current is a dependent variable. Preferably, the electric polarization curve data of the test electrode sheet may be fitted first, and then an interpolation function of the fitted electric polarization curve data may be obtained.
S220, simulating the dynamic corrosion process of each test electrode plate under different soil simulation solutions by adopting a finite element method based on an interpolation function.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, a simple corrosion model of a test electrode plate in semi-infinite soil is established without considering the diffusion effect of substances, the boundary of the surface of the test electrode plate (namely, a grounding electrode in figure 3) is set as a deformation boundary, and an interpolation function of electric polarization curve data is used as a corrosion reaction kinetic data source of the test electrode plate.
Referring to fig. 3, the simple corrosion model constructed in the present embodiment has a semi-infinite soil radius of 25m, a horizontal grounding electrode length of 5m, and a radius of 0.02 m.
And then, simulating coordinates of each point on the surface of the test electrode plate at each moment by adopting a finite element method based on the constructed simple corrosion model.
And finally, obtaining the qualitative dynamic corrosion degree of the test electrode slice according to the coordinate change of each point on the surface of the test electrode slice.
The finite element method comprises the following specific processes:
obtaining the data of the electrochemically generated local current according to the interpolation function of the data of the electric polarization curve; calculating the surface corrosion reaction rate v of the grounding electrode (namely the test electrode plate) by adopting a microscopic Faraday's law equation according to the local current data and the corrosion modeln(ii) a According to the equation of the deformation boundary of the surface of the grounding electrode
Obtaining the deformation distribution of the surface of the grounding electrode in unit time
Wherein x represents the ground electrode surface coordinates and n represents the direction, which for the dissolution reaction is normal inward; t represents time; according to the distribution of deformation
And obtaining the coordinates of each point on the surface of the test electrode plate at each moment.
The step is based on the secondary current distribution and the deformation geometry interface in the electrochemical module, the corrosion and deformation geometry branch in the electrochemical module comprises a predefined multi-physical-field interface, and the transient modeling can be carried out on the electrode deformation generated in the corrosion process of the electrochemical cell. These physical field interfaces can be used to study geometric changes in corrosion cells. Where the "corrosion, secondary" interface, assuming negligible changes in the composition of the electrolyte, describes the current, potential distribution and geometric changes in the corrosion cell, combines the "secondary current distribution" and "deformed geometry" interfaces, providing a dedicated coupling between electrode reaction and boundary velocity.
All parameter data provided above are typical, not essential.
The above description is provided only for one or more specific embodiments of the present invention, but not for limiting the present invention, and all methods of testing and simulation using the same are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A grounding electrode dynamic corrosion process simulation method based on electrochemical polarization curve testing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s100, constructing an electric polarization curve database of the grounding electrode material, wherein the step further comprises the following substeps:
s110, collecting different grounding electrode materials, and manufacturing the grounding electrode materials into test electrode slices;
s120, preparing soil simulation solutions with different pH values by adopting acid solutions and alkali solutions according to the actual pH value of the soil;
s130, testing the data of the electric polarization curves of different test electrode slices in soil simulation solutions with different pH values by using a three-electrode system and taking the test electrode slices as working electrodes and soil simulation solutions as electrolytes, so as to construct an electric polarization curve database;
s200, simulating the dynamic corrosion process of the test electrode plate, wherein the step further comprises the substeps of:
s210, inputting the potential value and the current value in each electric polarization curve data into an interpolation function by taking the potential as an independent variable and the current as a dependent variable to obtain the interpolation function of each electric polarization curve data;
s220, establishing a corrosion model of the test electrode slice in soil, setting the boundary of the surface of the test electrode slice as a deformation boundary, taking an interpolation function of the data of the electric polarization curve as a source of corrosion reaction kinetic data of the test electrode slice, and simulating coordinates of each point on the surface of the test electrode slice at each moment by adopting a finite element method;
the method for simulating the coordinates of each point on the surface of the test electrode plate at each moment by adopting the finite element method specifically comprises the following steps:
obtaining electrochemically generated local current data according to an interpolation function of the electric polarization curve data;
calculating the surface corrosion reaction rate v of the electrode plate to be tested by adopting a microscopic Faraday's law equation according to the local current data and the corrosion modeln；
According to surface deformation boundary equation
Obtaining the deformation distribution of the surface of the test electrode plate in unit time
Wherein x represents the ground pole surface coordinates, n represents the direction, and t represents the time;
according to the distribution of deformation
Obtaining coordinates of each point on the surface of the test electrode plate at each moment;
and S230, obtaining a qualitative dynamic corrosion process of the test electrode slice according to the coordinate change of each point on the surface of the test electrode slice at each moment.
2. The method for simulating the dynamic corrosion process of the grounding electrode based on the electrochemical polarization curve test, as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
before the data test of the electric polarization curve, the following pretreatment is sequentially carried out on a test electrode slice:
(1) sequentially polishing the surface of the test electrode slice, cleaning, cooling and drying;
(2) welding a lead on the surface of the test electrode plate;
(3) and packaging the test electrode plate, and taking the packaged test electrode plate as a working electrode.
3. The method for simulating the dynamic corrosion process of the grounding electrode based on the electrochemical polarization curve test, as claimed in claim 2, wherein:
the welding of the lead on the surface of the test electrode plate specifically comprises the following steps:
and removing the outer insulating skin at the edge of the end of the lead, exposing the inner core of the lead, bending the exposed inner core of the lead, and welding the bent exposed inner core of the lead on the surface of the test electrode plate.
4. The method for simulating the dynamic corrosion process of the grounding electrode based on the electrochemical polarization curve test, as claimed in claim 2, wherein:
the encapsulation test electrode slice sequentially comprises:
taking the PVC pipe with the polished upper surface and lower surface;
the test electrode is arranged in the PVC pipe;
filling glue into the PVC pipe until the PVC pipe is filled;
after the glue solution is solidified, polishing the surface of the test electrode plate, and removing impurities on the surface of the test electrode plate;
the test electrode pieces were cleaned and dried.
5. The method for simulating the dynamic corrosion process of the grounding electrode based on the electrochemical polarization curve test, as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
when a three-electrode system is adopted to test the data of the electric polarization curves of different test electrode slices in soil simulation solutions with different pH values, a platinum sheet is used as an auxiliary electrode, a saturated calomel electrode is used as a reference electrode, a working electrode, the auxiliary electrode and the reference electrode are connected with corresponding joints of an electrochemical workstation of a CorrTest electrochemical test system, and the data of the electric polarization curves of potential test electrode slices in the soil simulation solutions are set.
6. The method for simulating the dynamic corrosion process of the grounding electrode based on the electrochemical polarization curve test, as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
in the substep S210, the electric polarization curve data is fitted first, and then an interpolation function of each electric polarization curve data after fitting is obtained.
7. The method for simulating the dynamic corrosion process of the grounding electrode based on the electrochemical polarization curve test, as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
and establishing a corrosion model of the test electrode slice in the soil, wherein the soil is semi-infinite large soil.
8. The method for simulating the dynamic corrosion process of the grounding electrode based on the electrochemical polarization curve test, as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
further comprising the steps of:
and obtaining the variable quantity of the coordinates of each point on the surface of the test electrode plate at each moment according to the coordinate change of each point on the surface of the test electrode plate at each moment, thereby obtaining the quantitative dynamic corrosion process of the test electrode plate.
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| CN102495291A (en) * | 2011-12-13 | 2012-06-13 | 武汉大学 | Impedance frequency response method for measuring corrosion state of grounding network of transformer substation |
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