CN107704634A - A kind of method for forming knowledge and building knowledge chain - Google Patents
A kind of method for forming knowledge and building knowledge chain Download PDFInfo
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- CN107704634A CN107704634A CN201711073364.2A CN201711073364A CN107704634A CN 107704634 A CN107704634 A CN 107704634A CN 201711073364 A CN201711073364 A CN 201711073364A CN 107704634 A CN107704634 A CN 107704634A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/30—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of unstructured textual data
- G06F16/36—Creation of semantic tools, e.g. ontology or thesauri
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F40/00—Handling natural language data
- G06F40/30—Semantic analysis
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method for forming knowledge and building knowledge chain, it is characterised in that the knowledge included in research text message, the field primitive figure of constructing system connect generation knowledge chain each other to represent knowledge, by knowledge；The knowledge that primitive figure represents is made up of object, attribute and value, and object is center, attribute Interpretive object；Attribute is divided into index, tendency and the class of object three；Object Object object properties are to form the basis of knowledge chain, and the explanation of knowledge is to generate the power of knowledge chain；Knowledge and teacher of the have'ing learning knowledge in text message constitute primitive Knowledge Ecosystem；The knowledge analysis being mainly used in text and structure knowledge chain.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to production management, more particularly to the knowledge analysis in text and structure knowledge chain.
Background technology
The semantic analysis of text has special status and meaning in internet and big data epoch.The base in all trades and professions
Plinth data processing method experienced qualitative-quantitative-qualitatively evolution.Its feature of original qualitative description is the period
Related discipline technology is immature, engineering and research field cannot or not handle between quantitative data, or data relation without
Method determines.So the stage is the more original qualitative analysis stage.Afterwards with the development of computer technology, can handle it is linear or
Nonlinear data, and then be modeled, plan to quantitative data, the analysis such as inverting, make what the quantitative data of engineering field obtained
Fully application.Phase III is that unstructured data sharply increases with internet and big data development, quantitative analysis method without
Method processing, therefore be described again with qualitative method.This stage is characterized by big data and deep learning.The semanteme of text
Analysis is exactly one of importance for adapting to big data and deep learning.
On the semantic analysis of text, main research at present differs from one another, but the part that all comes with some shortcomings.I.e. how
Knowledge is found out in the narration of text, and then knowledge is connected to form a kind of reasoning, this reasoning is exactly knowledge chain.In big data and
In the primitive Knowledge Ecosystem of deep learning composition, abundant knowledge and knowledge chain are filled with.The generation algorithm of knowledge can not
It is too complicated, because the larger complexity that slightly varies of radix rapidly increases；Similarly the generation of knowledge chain there is also it is identical the problem of.
Consider that people analyzes the process of text, the general unit for absorbing information is sentence, i.e., in short.Per in short equivalent to
A knowledge is gone out.When people runs through all texts, then one or more knowledge chain is set up.Have in these certain text messages
Isolated knowledge does not form knowledge chain, also there is the knowledge of redundancy and contradiction.So need to analyze the validity of knowledge.
Knowledge chain is established by the relation between knowledge to effective knowledge.One knowledge chain describe one it is complete the fact, translate into
Textual form is one section of reasoning or statement, describes a meaning in text.Certainly can be according to the problem of to be solved come shape
Into knowledge chain, such as the commentary text for enterprise security present situation, safety problem and countermeasure are found out therefrom；And for example enterprise produces
Management investigation report, therefrom find out unreasonable problem and its countermeasure.
Here a kind of method for the method, i.e. primitive figure for forming knowledge and building knowledge chain is provided.This method, which comes from, to open up
Basic-element theory, further graph-based.The elementary cell of knowledge is the discussion unit split with fullstop in text.Again
It is attached to form knowledge chain by object relationship between knowledge.Certain clothes group production and operation investigation report is analyzed using this method
Accuse, therefrom find out problem and provide solution method.
The content of the invention
1 primitive and primitive figure
Under the Knowledge Ecological Environment of big data and deep learning, information and knowledge turn into the important money of solving practical problems
Source, while also generate the problems such as information explosion and knowledge are overloaded.Information representation is object by primitive in extension science, attribute,
The triple form of value, Construct question descriptive model.In a manner of primitive Formal Representation information as shown in formula (1).
In formula：O (Object) represents certain object (thing, action or relative), c1, c2..., cnObject O n feature is represented,
v1, v2..., vnRepresent corresponding values of the object O on features described above.
The form and purposes of primitive are the foregoing described, is carried out as follows the structure of primitive figure.The center of primitive figure is primitive mould
Object in type, and the core of a knowledge, the unit due to building knowledge are a words in text.General the words
Center object be exactly Object.Such as：Xiao Ming is student, and learning interest is low, and final examination must pass.In the words
Object is Xiao Ming；Attribute (feature) is learning interest degree and ×× final examination achievement, and value is low respectively and passed.Use base
Member is represented as shown in formula (2).Represent as shown in Figure 1 with primitive figure.
It is only outside arrow line that primitive chart, which advises the characteristics of core Object of knowledge, and arrow line points to attribute.Category
Property be divided into Criterion Attribute, tendency attribute and object properties.Criterion Attribute refers to outer bound pair object Object hope and requirement, such as
Final examination, it is a kind of passive state.Tendency attribute refers to object Object itself expectation and considered, and such as learns, is one
The state of kind active.Object properties refer to other associated Object of object Object, such as student, are a kind of association status,
Draw related knowledge.Object properties are to form the key of knowledge chain, it is believed that object properties are the further solutions to Object
Release, to the extension of knowledge.
Criterion Attribute, tendency attribute and object properties can have a corresponding value, and attribute and value are separated with " | " in figure.One
Whether Object has attribute, and whether attribute there is value to depend on that corresponding text.Generally Criterion Attribute and incline
It is to have worth to attribute, otherwise the two attribute presence will lose meaning.Object properties it is mutual can be only used as object with void value
Connection forms the bridge of knowledge chain.The object for possessing Criterion Attribute and tendency attribute could be referred to as knowledge, between object and object
Connection form knowledge chain.It is believed that the set of object is the skeleton of knowledge chain, and attribute is then the state of Description of Knowledge.So
Primitive figure citation form with n attribute is expressed as shown in Fig. 2.
It can be seen that only existing one layer of object and Attribute Association effect in Fig. 2, so set and consider three aspect factor.One
It is typically only to include a layer of meaning in a text, multilayer implication will not be expressed；Second, the thinking of human brain is always in layer
Association and analysis.Third, considering to use relational database during concrete methods of realizing, each object and attribute can be associated work
It is used as paired information and is stored in database.
In addition it is further noted that in the primitive Knowledge Ecosystem being made up of multiple knowledge, there may be tacit knowledge.This
A little knowledge are lain in the ecosystem, are concealed for computer, and are obvious for people.It is such as real
The primitive figure of manufacturing enterprise, sale enterprise and group's knowledge in example analysis.In practice or artificial setting is needed, be substantially
The correlation of information is classified, is one kind teacher of the have'ing study.
2 primitive figures build knowledge chain
One knowledge can be formed with the text that fullstop is split, then some texts in one section of text can shape
Into at least one knowledge chain.The power for forming knowledge chain is being explained further for knowledge, i.e., is explained with Object object properties
Object.As unclear in still explained, object properties are explained further as the object properties after object, such as Xiao Ming-in Fig. 3
It is raw, student-target | study, and then form chain structure.This traversal to Object is depth, can run through divide in theory
All relevant knowledges of the cloth in whole primitive Knowledge Ecosystem, specifically can according to it is solved the problem of depending on.
Knowledge chain is broad sense, can be unidirectional, two-way, or even tree-shaped, but must not be ring-type.Because
Ring-type knowledge chain means that the circulation of knowledge is explained, i.e., with the unaccounted knowledge of unaccounted knowledge interpretation.Another text
In in the primitive Knowledge Ecosystem that is formed of all knowledge, in fact it could happen that be not belonging to the knowledge of any knowledge chain, forming knowledge
It is useless in the reasoning process of chain.When two knowledge chains are by a knowledge, two knowledge chains can be proved to a certain extent
There is relevance, merging knowledge chain that can also be appropriate.Lift brief text：Xiao Ming is student, and learning interest is low, and final examination must
It must pass.The first object of student is exactly to learn.The text of this two word composition can be expressed as Fig. 3.
Dotted line can represent a knowledge chain in Fig. 3, be made up of two object Object, and one is Xiao Ming, and one is student.
From Xiao Ming, it is thus understood that information be that Xiao Ming is student, so target is study, but Xiao Ming's learning interest is low, so rule
Having determined final examination must pass.Realize storage of the above-mentioned knowledge chain in database, be represented by 4 row paired datas, i.e., it is small
Bright-learning interest | it is low；Xiao Ming-student；Xiao Ming-final examination | pass；Student-target | study.As in database
Lookup and knowledge join algorithm active bank general operation method.
Above-mentioned example is fairly simple, only illustrates and how to build knowledge and knowledge chain.Knowledge composition knowledge chain can be used for text language
Justice analysis, carries out reasoning from logic, analyzes the problem of being implied in text.Enterprise's investigation information that a reality is given below is divided
Analysis.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 primitive figures
The primitive figure of Fig. 2 n attributes
Fig. 3 knowledge chains
Fig. 4 primitive Knowledge Ecosystems
Embodiment
5 manufacturing enterprises of certain clothes group subordinate and 3 sales companys, group management layer is to annual profit and the condition of production
Investigation, obtained conclusion are as follows：The annual profit norm of 5 manufacturing enterprises and 3 sales companys is all completed well, but group is whole
Body profit does not rise anti-drop but.Require to find reason for this phenomenon group and provide countermeasure.
It is this 5 manufacturing enterprises, 3 sales companys and group to be investigated resulting information as follows, it is certainly actual
Information is a lot, and given here is representative information.These text messages are separated with fullstop can form 16 words, i.e.,
16 knowledge.
1) group company is hit the target with profit includes factory's implementation feedback on performance management to each subordinate unit.
2) manufacturing enterprise faces and how asked what domestic order and foreign trade order were accepted or rejected in the case of production capacity deficiency
Topic.
3) production type has three classes：1. the production ordered goods towards self-operation channel, the customized production 2. purchased by group towards unit, 3.
The generation processing of OEM OEMs.
4) processing charges of shirt：1. the production ordered goods towards self-operation channel, the customization that (14 yuan/part) 2. purchase by group towards unit
Production, (18 yuan/part) 3. OEM OEMs generation processing, (18 yuan/part).
5) the average manufacturing batch of shirt：1. the production ordered goods towards self-operation channel, (100-900 parts/batch) 2. towards list
The customized production that position purchases by group, (10-24 parts/batch) 3. OEM OEMs generation processing, (2100-3000 parts/batch).
6) factory's source of profit：1. the production ordered goods towards self-operation channel, the customization that (35%) 2. purchases by group towards unit
Production, (12%) 3. OEM OEMs generation processing, (53%).
7) the average delivery ratio of shirt：1. the production ordered goods towards self-operation channel, (87%) is 2. determined towards what unit purchased by group
System production, (78%) 3. OEM OEMs generation processing, (100%).
8) gross profit of the single shirt to group：1. the production ordered goods towards self-operation channel, (220 yuan) are 2. towards unit group
The customized production of purchase, (290 yuan) 3. OEM OEMs generation processing, (11 yuan).
9) each processing type accounts for group company's profit proportion：1. towards self-operation channel order goods production, (71%) 2. towards
The customized production that unit purchases by group, (7%) 3. OEM OEMs generation processing, (22%).
10) ratio of sales volume and delivering amount after 2 years：1. the production ordered goods towards self-operation channel, 61%；2. towards unit
The customized production purchased by group, 100%；3. the generation processing of OEM OEMs, 100%.
11) group financial data statistics shows that enterprise profit source is mainly the sale of self-operation brand shop and purchases by group business pin
Sell.
12) profit norm is one of leading indicator that group examines to subordinate unit, and continuous 3 annual average profit of factory is all
More than 96% to hit the target, but sales company's profit only completes 82%, and group's entirety profit only completes 87%.
13) the subordinate unit director for being less than 85% to completing profit norm, end of the year garnishee bonus, publicity, degradation.
14) principal element for influenceing the sale of self-operation brand shop is best seller short supply, and bad delivery is produced after order；Delivery
Not in time and cause the unsatisfied principal element of wholesale customers.
15) factory is once accept OEM OEMs generation processing order, then often inefficiency of production, it is necessary to plan as a whole to pacify
Arrange the production schedule.
16) the processing rule of factory is：High, the of large quantities order of preferential processing profit.
Draw primitive chart according to above-mentioned 16 narrative informations and advise and know and establish knowledge chain.In certain above-mentioned 16 information
In the presence of repetition, redundancy and irrelevant information.What drawing course was manually performed, repeated during analysis, redundancy and uncorrelated
Knowledge handled.The primitive Knowledge Ecosystem that 16 information of user are expressed as knowledge composition is as shown in Figure 4.
Fig. 4 is illustrated first, the combination table of " numeral+) ", which advises, in object or attribute knows and above-mentioned 16 information
Corresponding relation；1., 2., 3. represent production, the customized production that is purchased by group towards unit and the OEM patch ordered goods towards self-operation channel respectively
Board generation processing, and then represented in simplification figure.Dotted line in figure represents the knowledge chain to link together, and crossover location does not indicate that
It is intersecting.Make a concrete analysis of the information reflected in Fig. 4 below.
Problem is described, and why the annual profit norm of manufacturing enterprise and sales company is all completed well, but group's entirety
Profit declines.
From manufacturing enterprise → high, of large quantities order+85% → factory of completion profit norm profit of preferential processing profit
Source → 3. OEM OEMs generation processing (53%)；The average manufacturing batch of order → shirt of manufacturing enterprise → of large quantities →
The generation processing of OEM OEMs, (2100-3000 parts/batch).Conclusion manufacturing enterprise → OEM OEMs generation processing.
From sale enterprise, → ratio of 85% → sales volume of completion profit norm and delivering amount → 2. purchases by group towards unit
The generation processing of customized production+OEM OEMs.The OEM OEMs generation of the customized production for conclusion sale enterprise → 2. purchased by group towards unit+3.
Processing.
Group company's profit proportion+single shirt is accounted for group from group → group financial data statistics+each processing type
Gross profit → 1. towards self-operation channel order goods production+customized production 2. purchased by group towards unit.Conclusion group → 1. towards
The customized production for the production+2. purchased by group towards unit that self-operation channel is ordered goods.
Above-mentioned knowledge chain explanation, manufacturing enterprise eventually tend to 3. OEM OEMs generation processing and given birth to pursue interests and index
Production；Sale enterprise is for the customized production of tending to 2. be purchased by group towards unit and the 3. OEM OEMs generation processing of hitting the target.And
Group then wishes the customized production for the production+2. purchased by group towards unit 1. ordered goods towards self-operation channel.It can be seen that the interests of each side are not
Together, the form for completing order is also different.
Figure 4, it is seen that some knowledge and being not belonging to any knowledge chain.They do not rise any in the analysis of problem
Effect.And 16) also it is to repeat to have some knowledge, such as, 15) bar, giving up with pursuit interests for order is of equal value, in figure
Not more educated 2) bar.And 16) it will be connected as tendency attribute with enterprise.12) bar is discussed and solves problem equivalent, and with 1)
The appraisal management of bar-profit norm is of equal value, so not more educated 12) bar.13) bar is the finger of manufacturing enterprise and sale enterprise
Mark attribute.7) and 14) bar is of equal value, while illustrate the relation of store and manufacturing enterprise.Manufacturing enterprise, group and sale enterprise
It is object Object in secret, above-mentioned 16 descriptions belonged to these three Object, so three knowledge can be formed.Fig. 4
In share 13 knowledge and three knowledge chains constitute primitive Knowledge Ecosystem, wherein what is played a role has 9,4 in addition
For useless knowledge.So analyzed for the contradictory problems for producing and selling enterprise profit and group's profit, in above-mentioned 16 information
The heart only have 16), 13), 5), 6), 8), 9), 10) He 11) bar work.
Above-mentioned contradiction is solved according to analysis result.Definite relation first, group are the managers of subordinate enterprise, are not created straight
Profit is connect, but it is its main function to formulate index.Enterprise is produced and sold on the premise of hitting the target, pursues maximum benefit.
The most Seeking Truth of maximum benefit is inevitable, so can only change index.From the overall interests of group, 1. towards self-operation canal
The production that road is ordered goods accounts for profit proportion maximum；Single shirt is to the gross profit of group 1. and 2. much larger than 3..So performance assessment criteria
Formulation preferentially to ensure 1. and 2. to produce；Or several families will be specified specially to ensure 1. and 2. to produce in 5 manufacturing enterprises, remaining
3. being produced, different performance assessment criteria is performed.Core is ensuring that the maximization of group's interests.Both approaches are all in theory
It is to increase knowledge as approach, and then new knowledge chain can be produced, seeks the optimal case solved the problems, such as.
Certain above-mentioned 16 information can further be depicted as more careful primitive chart and advise knowledge, the difference of problem
Different knowledge chains can be obtained.The problem of this is individual ever-changing, if information can be decomposed into primitive in complete detail
Scheme the primitive Knowledge Ecosystem represented, then this system is unique, because information is unique.Because problem analysis is different raw
Into knowledge chain can be also different.
Claims (3)
- A kind of 1. method for forming knowledge and building knowledge chain, it is characterised in that the knowledge included in research text message, structure The field primitive figure of system connects generation knowledge chain each other to represent knowledge, by knowledge；The knowledge that primitive figure represents is by right As, attribute and value composition, object is center, attribute Interpretive object；Attribute is divided into index, tendency and the class of object three；Object Object object properties are to form the basis of knowledge chain, and the explanation of knowledge is to generate the power of knowledge chain；In text message Knowledge and teacher of the have'ing learning knowledge constitute primitive Knowledge Ecosystem；The knowledge analysis being mainly used in text and structure knowledge Chain.
- A kind of 2. method for forming knowledge and building knowledge chain according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the structure of primitive figure Build, the center of primitive figure is the Object in basic-element model, and the core of a knowledge, the unit due to building knowledge are texts A word in this；The center object of general the words is exactly Object；Primitive chart advises the characteristics of core Object of knowledge It is only outside arrow line, arrow line points to attribute；Attribute is divided into Criterion Attribute, tendency attribute and object properties；Index category Property refers to outer bound pair object Object hope and requirement, is a kind of passive state；Tendency attribute refers to object Object certainly The expectation of body and consider, be a kind of state of active；Object properties refer to other associated Object of object Object, are one Kind association status, draw the knowledge of correlation；Object properties are to form the key of knowledge chain, it is believed that object properties are to Object Be explained further, to the extension of knowledge；Criterion Attribute, tendency attribute and object properties can have corresponding value, belong in figure Property and value with " | " separate；Whether one Object has attribute, and whether attribute there is value to depend on that corresponding text；Refer to Mark attribute and tendency attribute are that have worth, and otherwise the two attribute presence will lose meaning；Object properties can only be made with void value The bridge of knowledge chain is interconnected to form for object；The object for possessing Criterion Attribute and tendency attribute could be referred to as knowledge, object Connection between object forms knowledge chain；It is believed that the set of object is the skeleton of knowledge chain, and attribute is then Description of Knowledge State；The object and Attribute Association for only existing one layer act on, and so set and consider three aspect factor；First, one in a text As only include a layer of meaning, multilayer implication will not be expressed；Second, the thinking of human brain association always in layer and analysis；Three Consider to use relational database when being concrete methods of realizing, can be deposited the correlation of each object and attribute as paired information It is stored in database；In addition it is further noted that in the primitive Knowledge Ecosystem being made up of multiple knowledge, may have and implicit know Know；These knowledge are lain in the ecosystem, are concealed for computer, and are obvious for people； Such as the primitive figure of manufacturing enterprise in instance analysis, sale enterprise and group's knowledge；In practice or artificial setting is needed, it is real It is the correlation classification to information in matter, is one kind teacher of the have'ing study.
- 3. a kind of method for forming knowledge and building knowledge chain according to claim 1, it is characterised in that primitive figure structure is known Know chain, a knowledge can be formed with the text that fullstop is split, then some texts in one section of text can be formed At least one knowledge chain；The power for forming knowledge chain is being explained further for knowledge, i.e., is explained with Object object properties Object；As unclear in still explained, object properties are explained further as the object properties after object, this to Object's Traversal is depth, can run through all relevant knowledges being distributed in whole primitive Knowledge Ecosystem in theory, specifically may be used According to it is solved the problem of depending on；Knowledge chain is broad sense, can be unidirectional, two-way, or even tree-shaped, but must not It is ring-type；Because ring-type knowledge chain means that the circulation of knowledge is explained, i.e., with the unaccounted knowledge of unaccounted knowledge interpretation； In the primitive Knowledge Ecosystem that all knowledge are formed in another text, in fact it could happen that be not belonging to knowing for any knowledge chain Know, be useless in the reasoning process for forming knowledge chain；When two knowledge chains are by a knowledge, it can demonstrate,prove to a certain extent Bright two knowledge chains are there is relevance, merging knowledge chain that can also be appropriate.
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