CN107703404A - The active earth protective device of straight-flow system and its guard method of use - Google Patents
The active earth protective device of straight-flow system and its guard method of use Download PDFInfo
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- CN107703404A CN107703404A CN201710862077.3A CN201710862077A CN107703404A CN 107703404 A CN107703404 A CN 107703404A CN 201710862077 A CN201710862077 A CN 201710862077A CN 107703404 A CN107703404 A CN 107703404A
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- earth
- protective device
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- flow system
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
- H02H7/268—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured for dc systems
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Direct Current Feeding And Distribution (AREA)
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
- Testing Of Short-Circuits, Discontinuities, Leakage, Or Incorrect Line Connections (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of active earth protective device of straight-flow system and its guard method of use.The active earth protective device of straight-flow system of the present invention includes full bridge PWM phase shift DC/DC converters, digital control unit, isolated location and Earth Fault Detection unit；Described full bridge PWM phase shift DC/DC converters connect batteries by dc bus；Described digital control unit is connected with the drive end of full bridge PWM phase shift DC/DC converters；The output end of the full bridge PWM phase shift DC/DC converters is connected by isolated location with each DC load branch road of straight-flow system；Described digital control unit is connected with Earth Fault Detection unit；Described Earth Fault Detection unit is connected with isolated location；The voltage-to-ground of the described positive and negative bus of Earth Fault Detection unit sampling DC load branch road, the resistance to earth value of positive and negative bus is calculated by digital control unit, realizes that DC ground fault is locally displayed, earth fault alarm uploads and alarm, the positioning of earth fault.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of power, the active earth protective device of specifically a kind of straight-flow system and its adopt
Guard method.
Background technology
Low-voltage direct-current system is commonly applied to the occasion that transformer station and power plant etc. need to use DC equipment, is power system
Control and the basis of protection, while be also the guarantee of breaker energy fast trip under accident condition.But in direct-flow distribution system,
DC loop is usually floating neutral system, and its feeder line circuitry number is more, and feeder line distance is longer；Live artificial maloperation, rainwater enter
Distribution box, feeder cable insulation ag(e)ing and branch circuit load failure etc., then the positive or negative bus of straight-flow system can be caused exhausted over the ground
Edge, which declines, to be even grounded, that is, DC system earth fault occurs.
When dc bus earth fault occurs, if ground connection occurs, in direct current positive bus, to be likely to result in relay protection
And malfunction occurs for automatics；If ground connection occurs in direct current negative busbar, it is likely to result in relay protection and automatics occurs
Tripping；Positive and negative bus two points ground fault then causes direct-current short circuit, circuit breaker trip, and protective relaying device and operation lose direct current
Source.
The solution method of DC system earth fault can be connect by portable grounding fault searching instrument to search at present
Earth fault, but due to searching the compatible low and factor of poor anti jamming capability of instrument, the wrong report of earth fault can be caused, and
It will be searched for any wire on access dc bus, quantities is big, poor in timeliness, it is impossible to is grounded the quick of failure
It is accurately positioned；Alternatively, it is also possible to power off the method for finding earth point using by road, but the time length needed, the loop for trying to stop is more,
Cause relay protection or automatics temporarily out of service, hidden danger be present to the safe operation of power system.These instruments or side
Method is i.e. enabled to find earth fault, but can not limit and isolated fault, phenomenon of the failure can further be expanded to whole direct current
System, influence the normal operation of straight-flow system.In addition, if single-point grounding failure occurs for straight-flow system（Positive ground connection）, then ground connection event
Barrier needs quick search to solve, if another one point earth otherwise occurs again（Negative ground connection）, then straight-flow system will be short-circuit, causes whole
The collapse of system.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to overcome that above-mentioned the prior art is defective, there is provided a kind of straight-flow system master
Dynamic formula earth protective device, it can realize the quick lookup of DC system earth fault, be accurately positioned, while be grounded event
The isolation of barrier, earth fault is limited in fault branch, prevents being communicated up for earth fault.
Therefore, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：The active earth protective device of straight-flow system, including full bridge PWM
Phase shift DC/DC converters, digital control unit, isolated location and Earth Fault Detection unit；
Described full bridge PWM phase shift DC/DC converters connect batteries by dc bus；Described digital control unit with
The drive end of full bridge PWM phase shift DC/DC converters is connected；The output end of the full bridge PWM phase shift DC/DC converters passes through isolation
Unit is connected with each DC load branch road of straight-flow system；Described digital control unit and Earth Fault Detection unit phase
Even；Described Earth Fault Detection unit is connected with isolated location；
The voltage-to-ground of the described positive and negative bus of Earth Fault Detection unit sampling DC load branch road, passes through digital control list
Member calculates the resistance to earth value of positive and negative bus, realize DC ground fault be locally displayed, earth fault alarm upload with alarm,
The positioning of earth fault.
The output of batteries is supplied to dc bus, gives straight-flow system active earth protective device power supply, direct current system
Exporting for active earth protective device of uniting is powered to DC load branch road.
As the supplement of above-mentioned technical proposal, the active earth protective device of described straight-flow system also leads to including RS-485
Communication interface and human-computer interaction interface, the two is connected with digital control unit respectively；Described RS-485 communication interfaces also with outside
Monitoring host computer be connected.
As the supplement of above-mentioned technical proposal, described batteries are connected by 108 section 2V 1000Ah lead-acid accumulator
Composition, it supplies electricity to dc bus, DC bus powered to give full bridge PWM phase shift DC/DC converters.
As the supplement of above-mentioned technical proposal, described full bridge PWM phase shift DC/DC converters include high-frequency isolation transformation
Device, capacitance, resonant inductance, commutation diode, filter capacitor and power tube；
Primary side series connection capacitance, resonant inductance and the power tube of the high-frequency isolation transformer, an input filter capacitor in parallel；
Secondary series rectifier diode, inductance and the load of high-frequency isolation transformer, an output filter capacitor in parallel.High-frequency isolation transformation
Device realizes the electrical isolation of former secondary, while realizes the electrical isolation of dc bus and DC load branch road, i.e. direct current is born
The earth fault for carrying branch road is not transferred to dc bus side, and the earth fault of dc bus side is also not transferred to load-side.
As the supplement of above-mentioned technical proposal, described power tube is metal-oxide-semiconductor, there is four, its pole of both ends parallel parasitic two
Pipe and parasitic capacitance.
As the supplement of above-mentioned technical proposal, described digital control unit includes arm processor, the arm processor
PWM1, PWM2, PWM3, PWM4 signal be used to control four metal-oxide-semiconductors of full bridge PWM phase shift DC/DC converters, arm processor
AD sample ports AN0, AN1, AN4 gather respectively the input voltages of full bridge PWM phase shift DC/DC converters, output voltage and
Output current.
As the supplement of above-mentioned technical proposal, 485A the and 485B ports of the arm processor are that RS-485 communications connect
Mouthful, the communication with outside monitoring host computer is realized, arm processor passes through its SPI communication interfaces SDI, SCK, SDO and man-machine friendship
Data communication is realized at mutual interface, on the spot data show, fault inquiry and parameter setting.
As the supplement of above-mentioned technical proposal, described Earth Fault Detection unit includes positive and negative busbar voltage-to-ground difference
Sample circuit and the negative feedback amplifier circuit of series connection with it, by negative feedback amplifier circuit signal condition DC load branch road just
Negative busbar voltage-to-ground delivers to AD the sample ports AN2 and AN3 of arm processor.
As the supplement of above-mentioned technical proposal, the pole of an isolation two is respectively provided with the DC load branch road positive and negative busbar
Pipe, described isolating diode is isolated location.
The present invention also provides the guard method that active earth protective device uses of above-mentioned straight-flow system, and it includes following step
Suddenly：
By the active earth protective device of straight-flow system be series at the dc bus of batteries and each DC load branch road it
Between, after each unit and each parameter initialization, active earth protective device starts；
After start completion, the arm processor control circuit of digital control unit gathers input voltage, defeated by the AD units of itself
Go out voltage, output current and DC load branch road positive and negative busbar voltage-to-ground, carry out logic, data processing and the data fortune of correlation
Calculate；
When earth fault occurs for positive or negative bus, by detecting the positive or negative Bus Voltage of electric circuit inspection, ARM processing is sent to
Device carries out data processing, and the calculating of positive or negative bus resistance to earth, the positive or negative mother that software program calculates are carried out by software program
Line resistance to earth value is compared with the alarming value set；
If resistance to earth value≤25k, active earth protective device report insulation declines failure, and this data is communicated by SPI
It is sent to human-computer interaction interface to be shown, while actively provides insulation alarming decrease signal, is shown on the spot；If resistance to earth
Value≤5k, then active earth protective device report insulation declines and earth fault, this data are sent to man-machine friendship by SPI communications
Mutual interface is shown, while actively provides earth fault alarm signal, is shown on the spot；
Or the long-distance Log server for carrying out fault message is communicated by RS485, remote monitoring is realized, is grounded the initiative alarming of failure
Function.
Relative to prior art, the device have the advantages that as follows：
1st, active earth protective device of the invention has insulation decline and earth fault active alarming function, earth fault master
Dynamic isolation and active defencive function, at the same have the sidelights of insulaion resistance resistance, the sidelights of grounding resistance resistance and insulation decline and
Earth fault Realtime Alerts, fault message upload function, and insulaion resistance alarming value can be set.
2nd, when insulation decline or earth fault occur for the positive or negative bus of a certain branch road of straight-flow system, due to ground protection
The insulation blocking of device, which acts on, causes earth fault not uploaded to dc bus side and other DC load branch roads.
3rd, earth fault is limited in this branch road to break down by active earth protective device, realize failure actively every
From the effect with protection, avoid whole DC system grounding or even short circuit occurs, the risk that direct current disappears.
4th, realize D.C. isolation decline and earth fault be accurately positioned with fast line selection function, reduce engineering lookup
Amount, improves ageing, ensure that the normal operation of straight-flow system.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the active earth protective device of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the circuit diagram of full bridge PWM phase shift DC/DC converters of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of digital control unit of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is Earth Fault Detection unit sampling of the present invention and principles of signal processing figure；
Fig. 5 is the configuration schematic diagram of the active earth protective device of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the control flow chart of the active earth protective device of the present invention.
Embodiment
With reference to specification drawings and specific embodiments, the invention will be further described.
Referring to Fig. 1, the input of the active earth protective device of the present invention is connected by dc bus with batteries, defeated
Go out end with each DC load branch road of straight-flow system to be connected.Active earth protective device includes full bridge PWM phase shift DC/DC
Converter, digital control unit, isolated location and Earth Fault Detection unit, RS-485 communication interfaces and man-machine interaction circle
Face；Using digital control technology, by arm processor control circuit realize the control to converter and the detection of earth fault,
Sidelights, alarm and information upload；Active earth protective device will load simultaneously and dc bus carries out electrical isolation, will be grounded
Failure is limited in load-side, is not transferred to mains side；Moreover, it is achieved that fast positioning and the lookup of earth fault, convenient event
Hinder route selection.
With reference to Fig. 2, full bridge PWM phase shift DC/DC converters realize numerically controlled core using arm processor as it
Device, Uin are input voltage, and Uo is output voltage, and L is inductance, and T is high-frequency isolation transformer, and Cin is input filter capacitor,
Power tube Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 select metal-oxide-semiconductor, and PWM1, PWM2, PWM3, PWM4 provide four tunnels by arm processor control circuit and driven
Dynamic control signal, D1, D2, D3, D4 are the parasitic diode of metal-oxide-semiconductor, and C1, C2, C3 and C4 are the parasitic capacitance of metal-oxide-semiconductor, rectification
Diode D5, D6 select fast recovery diode, and Lr is resonant inductance, Cr is capacitance, and Co is output filter capacitor, and Ro is negative
Carry.
Referring to Fig. 3, arm processor digital control unit schematic diagram, arm processor model STM32F407, Uo are output electricity
Pressure sampling, Io are output current, and LEM is current sensor, and Y represents crystal oscillator, and C1, C2 are crystal oscillator electric capacity, and R1, R2, R3, R4 are electricity
Sampling resistor is pressed, AN2, AN3 are direct current positive and negative busbar voltage-to-ground sample port, and its sampled input voltage is straight in Fig. 4
The sampling of positive and negative busbar voltage-to-ground is flowed, PWM1, PWM2, PWM3, PWM4 signal of arm processor are used for controlling full bridge PWM phase shift
Four metal-oxide-semiconductors of DC/DC converters, AD sample ports AN0, AN1, AN4 of arm processor gather DC/DC converters respectively
Input voltage, output voltage and output current；485A the and 485B ports of arm processor are RS-485 communication interfaces, real
Now pass through its SPI communication interface with the communication of external monitoring systems, arm processor（SDI、SCK、SDO）With human-computer interaction interface
Realize data communication, convenient data on the spot are shown, fault inquiry and parameter setting.
Referring to Fig. 4, Earth Fault Detection unit sampling and principles of signal processing figure, direct current 220V power supply is full bridge PWM
The output voltage of phase shift DC/DC converters, has installed an isolating diode additional respectively on positive and negative busbar, and this diode is to scheme
Isolated location in 1, select common commutation diode；R1, R3 are that sampling resistor, R2, R4 are direct current to direct current positive bus over the ground
Sampling resistor, S1 and S2 distinguish positive and negative busbar fling-cut switch, controlled respectively by STR the and STP signals in Fig. 3 negative busbar over the ground；
R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, C1, C2 and amplifier U1 form positive and negative busbar voltage-to-ground difference sample circuit；R11、R12、
R13, R14, R15, R16, R17, R18 and amplifier U2 constitute negative feedback amplifier circuit, carry out the polarity upset of sampled voltage
Amplify with signal；D3 and D4 constitutes arm processor port protection excess voltage protection；By the positive and negative busbar of signal condition
Sampled voltage is sent to AN2 and AN3 ports in Fig. 3 over the ground, is finally calculated by software program.Realize positive and negative busbar resistance to earth
Calculating, fault alarm with actively protect.
Understood with reference to Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, the guard method that active earth protective device uses is as follows：
By the active earth protective device of straight-flow system be series at the dc bus of batteries and each DC load branch road it
Between, after each unit and each parameter initialization, active protective device starts；, can by Fig. 6 flow chart after start completion
Know, arm processor control circuit gathers input voltage, output voltage and output current, dc bus by the AD units of itself
Positive or negative voltage-to-ground, carry out logic, data processing and the data operation of correlation.When the positive or negative bus of straight-flow system is grounded
During failure, by detecting the positive or negative Bus Voltage of electric circuit inspection, it is sent to arm processor and carries out data processing, by software journey
Sequence carries out the calculating of positive and negative busbar resistance to earth, the positive or negative bus resistance to earth value that software program calculates and the alarming value of setting
It is compared, if resistance to earth value≤25k, active ground protection equipment report insulation declines failure, and this data passes through SPI
Communication is sent to human-computer interaction interface and shown, while actively provides insulation alarming decrease signal, is shown on the spot；If over the ground
Resistance value≤5k, then active ground protection equipment report insulation declines and earth fault, this data are sent to people by SPI communications
Machine interactive interface is shown, while actively provides earth fault alarm signal, is shown on the spot；RS485 can also be passed through
Communication carries out the long-distance Log server of fault message, realizes remote monitoring, is grounded the active alarming function of failure.
In addition, it can be seen from Fig. 2 and Fig. 5, each load branch of straight-flow system installs active earth protective device,
And high-frequency isolation transformer be present inside active earth protective device, it is possible to achieve mains side and load-side it is electric every
From ensure that mains side and DC load branch trackside will not influence each other.In addition, when earth fault occurs for a certain branch road, by
In the effect of active earth protective device, earth fault is limited in this branch road, and the direct current for being not transferred to batteries is female
Line side, it will not cause whole straight-flow system that earth fault occurs, failure is finally limited in this branch road, is grounded the master of failure
Dynamic isolation, realizes the fast positioning of DC system earth fault and accurate route selection.However, depositing due to earth protective device
, it is allowed to DC load branch road active earth protective device when there is single-point grounding failure remains to continue to this branch circuit load
Power supply, improve the power supply reliability of straight-flow system.
The foregoing describe the general principle and main features and advantages of the present invention.Those skilled in the art it should be appreciated that
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, merely illustrating the principles of the invention described in above-described embodiment and specification,
Without departing from the spirit and scope, various changes and modifications of the present invention are possible, and these changes and improvements all fall
Enter in the scope of protection of present invention.The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and its equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. the active earth protective device of straight-flow system, including full bridge PWM phase shift DC/DC converters, digital control unit, isolation
Unit and Earth Fault Detection unit；Characterized in that,
Described full bridge PWM phase shift DC/DC converters connect batteries by dc bus；Described digital control unit with
The drive end of full bridge PWM phase shift DC/DC converters is connected；The output end of the full bridge PWM phase shift DC/DC converters passes through isolation
Unit is connected with each DC load branch road of straight-flow system；Described digital control unit and Earth Fault Detection unit phase
Even；Described Earth Fault Detection unit is connected with isolated location；
The voltage-to-ground of the described positive and negative bus of Earth Fault Detection unit sampling DC load branch road, passes through digital control list
Member calculates the resistance to earth value of positive and negative bus, realize DC ground fault be locally displayed, earth fault alarm upload with alarm,
The positioning of earth fault.
2. the active earth protective device of straight-flow system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that it also includes RS-485
Communication interface and human-computer interaction interface, the two is connected with digital control unit respectively；Described RS-485 communication interfaces also with outside
The monitoring host computer in portion is connected.
3. the active earth protective device of straight-flow system according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that described electric power storage
Pond group is composed in series by 108 section 2V 1000Ah lead-acid accumulator, and it supplies electricity to dc bus, DC bus powered to give full-bridge
PWM phase shift DC/DC converters.
4. the active earth protective device of straight-flow system according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that described full-bridge
PWM phase shift DC/DC converters include high-frequency isolation transformer, capacitance, resonant inductance, commutation diode, filter capacitor and
Power tube；
Primary side series connection capacitance, resonant inductance and the power tube of the high-frequency isolation transformer, an input filter capacitor in parallel；
Secondary series rectifier diode, inductance and the load of high-frequency isolation transformer, an output filter capacitor in parallel.
5. the active earth protective device of straight-flow system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described power tube is
Metal-oxide-semiconductor, there are four, its both ends parallel parasitic diode and parasitic capacitance.
6. the active earth protective device of straight-flow system according to claim 5, it is characterised in that described is digital control
Unit includes arm processor, and PWM1, PWM2, PWM3, PWM4 signal of the arm processor are used to control full bridge PWM phase shift
Four metal-oxide-semiconductors of DC/DC converters, AD sample ports AN0, AN1, AN4 of arm processor gather full bridge PWM phase shift respectively
Input voltage, output voltage and the output current of DC/DC converters.
7. the active earth protective device of straight-flow system according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the arm processor
485A and 485B ports be RS-485 communication interfaces, realize the communication with outside monitoring host computer, arm processor passes through
Its SPI communication interfaces SDI, SCK, SDO and human-computer interaction interface realize data communication, on the spot data show, fault inquiry and ginseng
Number is set.
8. the active earth protective device of straight-flow system according to claim 6, it is characterised in that described earth fault
Detection unit includes positive and negative busbar voltage-to-ground difference sample circuit and the negative feedback amplifier circuit of series connection with it, by negative-feedback
The DC load branch road positive and negative busbar voltage-to-ground of amplifying circuit signal condition deliver to arm processor AD sample ports AN2 and
AN3。
9. the active earth protective device of straight-flow system according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the DC load branch
An isolating diode is respectively provided with the positive and negative busbar of road, described isolating diode is isolated location.
10. the guard method that the active earth protective device of straight-flow system described in claim 1-9 uses, it is characterised in that bag
Include following steps：
By the active earth protective device of straight-flow system be series at the dc bus of batteries and each DC load branch road it
Between, after each unit and each parameter initialization, active earth protective device starts；
After start completion, the arm processor control circuit of digital control unit gathers input voltage, defeated by the AD units of itself
Go out voltage, output current and DC load branch road positive and negative busbar voltage-to-ground, carry out logic, data processing and the data fortune of correlation
Calculate；
When earth fault occurs for positive or negative bus, by detecting the positive or negative Bus Voltage of electric circuit inspection, ARM processing is sent to
Device carries out data processing, and the calculating of positive or negative bus resistance to earth, the positive or negative mother that software program calculates are carried out by software program
Line resistance to earth value is compared with the alarming value set；
If resistance to earth value≤25k, active earth protective device report insulation declines failure, and this data is communicated by SPI
It is sent to human-computer interaction interface to be shown, while actively provides insulation alarming decrease signal, is shown on the spot；If resistance to earth
Value≤5k, then active earth protective device report insulation declines and earth fault, this data are sent to man-machine friendship by SPI communications
Mutual interface is shown, while actively provides earth fault alarm signal, is shown on the spot；
Or the long-distance Log server for carrying out fault message is communicated by RS485, remote monitoring is realized, is grounded the initiative alarming of failure
Function.
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| CN201710862077.3A CN107703404A (en) | 2017-09-21 | 2017-09-21 | The active earth protective device of straight-flow system and its guard method of use |
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| CN110212497A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-09-06 | 国网辽宁省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Based on the substation of fault location DC power supply active protective device and guard method |
| CN112564063A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-03-26 | 云南电网有限责任公司文山供电局 | Active grounding protection device of direct current ring network system and working method thereof |
| CN112600177A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-04-02 | 云南电网有限责任公司文山供电局 | Active comprehensive protection device of direct current ring network system and working method thereof |
| CN114221310A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-03-22 | 国能四川能源有限公司江油发电厂 | Protection device and method for direct current system and direct current system |
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