CN107688175A - A kind of method for neutron scattering camera quick distance measurement - Google Patents
A kind of method for neutron scattering camera quick distance measurement Download PDFInfo
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- CN107688175A CN107688175A CN201710722263.7A CN201710722263A CN107688175A CN 107688175 A CN107688175 A CN 107688175A CN 201710722263 A CN201710722263 A CN 201710722263A CN 107688175 A CN107688175 A CN 107688175A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S11/00—Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation
- G01S11/12—Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of method for neutron scattering camera quick distance measurement, is mainly used in the special nuclear material with neutron radioactivity and the supervision and detection in neutron radiation source, belongs to special material monitoring field.Method content disclosed by the invention is as follows：Liquid sudden strain of a muscle detector is carried out into packet to put, front-seat detector quantity should be greater than heel row quantity, and rear detector is symmetrically put away from 20 40cm of front row, form one group；The detection sensitive face of two groups of detectors should be less than heel row and target range as far as possible towards target direction, front-seat detector distance target location as far as possible, and mutually putting distance should be substantially suitable with distance residing for target.The neutron scattering camera formed using two groups of detectors, the difference for the neutron back projection image that two groups of detectors of contrast are formed, to judge the distance of target and detector.Method provided by the invention has the advantages that speed of detection is fast, algorithm is easily realized, distance measurement result is accurate, adapts to multiple ranges.
Description
Technical field
A kind of method for neutron scattering camera quick distance measurement of the invention, it is used to detect special nucleus more particularly to one kind
Material, neutron source etc. have the neutron scattering camera method for arranging and distance-finding method of neutron radioactivity material, belong to special material
Detection field.
Background technology
The supervision of special nuclear material is directly connected to the public and nation's security, it is necessary to causes the attention of height, in technology
Upper can threaten potential nuclear material is accurately positioned and quickly analyzed, to block its circulation.Traditional radiant image skill
Art possesses certain nuclear material Detection capability, but cannot be distinguished by high Z nuclear material and heavy metal, it is impossible to which measured material is made
Final judgement.Under this situation, scattering imaging technique receives extensive concern.Because the isotope of all nuclear materials all can
Generation spontaneous fission and release characteristic radiation (mainly gamma and neutron), can be examined by the radiation that nuclear materials detection is released
Go out and position nuclear material.
Neutron is one of characteristic factor being detected of special nuclear material.Can be with using the neutron detector of particular design
Pu is detected using passive detection mode, and active probe mode can be found that HEU.Although the detection for special nuclear material
Gamma rays are a selections of imaging, but neutron has the characteristics of can penetrating high Z shielding materials, is in many cases
Priority option.
Neutron scattering imaging technique is the principle of dynamics that (n, p) scattering occurs in multiple scintillation detectors based on neutron
Come obtain incident neutron position to and energy information, for the technology without collimater, detection imaging visual field is big, and there is high detection to imitate
Rate, with reference to neutron, gamma discriminating method, the information of neutron or gamma can be obtained in mixed radiation field.
Therefore have the designs of many kinds of neutron scattering cameras, as U.S.'s Sandia laboratory developments neutron scattering camera and
The neutron scattering telescope (FNIT) that New Hampshire universities develop, can be used for the detection of special material.But it is various in
Son scattering camera can only detect to obtain the angle back projection image on transverse and longitudinal direction mostly, to judge special nuclear material or put
Penetrate direction residing for source, or detection obtains the two-dimensional projection image on a certain projection plane, come judge special nuclear material or
Radioactive source position.So most of detection cameras, can only either detect special nuclear material or radioactive source relative to neutron
The place direction of camera is scattered, or needs to select perspective plane just to obtain the three-dimensional space position where it in advance.For this
Two kinds of probe algorithms, the most important part of acquisition of the three-dimensional coordinate where special nuclear material or radioactive source are to obtain it with
The distance of sub- camera, but above two algorithm all directly can not directly obtain distance by once detecting, it is necessary to pass through figure
Judge the particular location of special nuclear material as fusion or laser ranging.
Therefore, the invention provides a kind of method for neutron scattering camera quick distance measurement, for being put with neutron
The special nuclear material of penetrating property and the supervision and detection in neutron radiation source.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method for neutron scattering camera quick distance measurement, detector cloth is specifically included
Put scheme and quick distance measurement image comparison method.What the present invention was achieved through the following technical solutions：
(1) detector arrangement scheme：The detector that the present invention uses dodges detector for liquid, quick for neutron scattering camera
The detector arrangement scheme of location algorithm approximately as：
Liquid sudden strain of a muscle detector is carried out into packet to put, every group of detector is divided into front two rows and put again；
Every group of sensors' positioning is completely the same, and front-seat detector quantity should be greater than rear detector quantity, and all detections
The axis of device is parallel to each other；
Rear detector is symmetrically put with front-seat detector, i.e., rear detector is collectively forming twin shaft pair with front-seat detector
Claim arrangement；
Front two rows detector forms one group of detector arrangement at a distance of 20~40cm；
The detection sensitive face of two groups of detectors is as far as possible towards SNM or the possible place direction of neutron source, front-seat detector
It should be less than rear detector as far as possible apart from neutron source position apart from neutron source position；
Apart from essentially identical, mutually putting distance should be with SNM or neutron for two groups of detectors and SNM or neutron source position
Distance residing for source is possible is substantially suitable.
(2) quick distance measurement image comparison method：For once complete detection event, two recoil protons can be obtained
Position P1、P2, and sedimentary energy Ep1、Ep2Information, while also have flight time (TOF) Δ of neutron between generation double scattering
t.According to above parameter, circular cone (axis P where incident neutron energy and incident direction can be reconstructed1P2, half angle θ)：
En=Ep+En′ (1)
In formula, EnRepresent incident neutron kinetic energy；EpRepresent first recoil proton sedimentary energy；En′Represent scattered neutron energy
Amount；θ represents angle of scattering, and parameter is in the case where experiment is.Scattered neutron ENERGY En′Can be by scattered neutron flight time and generation two
The distance d of secondary scattering is calculated：
In formula, constant c, mnThe light velocity and middle proton rest mass are represented respectively.
Back projection method is imaged using two dimensional surface, and the X-Y scheme of different distance need to be reconstructed by applying it to three-dimensional imaging
Picture.Whole space exploration is divided into series of parallel imaging plane, for an imaging plane, its gridding divided
It is cut into size identical lattice.Assuming that neutron is by z=z in Z-directionsPlace's transmitting, it is in two scintillator detector cells
The position scattered is respectively (x1,y1,z1) and (x2,y2,z2).For elongated cylindrical detector, axial location is by both ends light
Electric multiplier tube output signal calculates, and radial position can not measure, and is approximately considered the position that neutron interacts with scintillator
On axis.Incident neutron is in z=z in any one occurrencesPosition in plane meets following quadratic equation, i.e., event poppet surface with
Z=zsThe intersecting conic section of plane:
[nx(x-x1)+ny(y-y1)+nz(zs-z1)]2=λ2[(x-x1)2+(y-y1)2+(zs-z1)2] (4)
In formula, nx,ny,nzThe component of central axial direction unit vector is respectively bored along event；λ=cos θ.For regarding greatly
Field detection, to improve Image Reconstruction speed, establishes a kind of more rapidly effective backprojection reconstruction method.
Along a certain selected change in coordinate axis direction (X-axis or Y-axis), coordinate value (x values or y values) is substituted into by scattering events successively
In the binary quadratic equation formula of determination, switched to quadratic equation with one unknown, the party is then determined according to the discriminate of solution of equation
Whether journey has solution, is accurately provided if having solution and meets non trivial solution and judge whether in imaging region.Comprise the following steps that：
(1) conic wire type is determined according to certain scattering events institute gathered data.
(2) on imaging plane, along a certain axial direction, here exemplified by along Y-axis, each lattice y-coordinate value is brought into the song
In line equation, according to the calculation formula of solution of equation, the x coordinate value of calculated curve intersection point.If in current y0Under value：
Without solution (discriminate be less than zero), then curve and straight line y0=0 does not have intersection point；
There is solution, solve x1、x2Two solutions, if the lattice quilt that x in imaging plane coordinate range, is somebody's turn to do where (x, y)
Meter is once；
(3) all y values are traveled through, statistics meets all lattices of this scattering events.Herein, it will be assumed that the scattering thing
The probability that part neutron source appears in these lattices is impartial, and the lattice probability counted in different scattering events is also phase
Deng；
(4) and then to next scattering events repeat step (1)~(3)；
(5) each lattice is calculated in all scattering events by metering number, provides the two-dimensional distribution of neutron source.
To complete quick distance measurement algorithm, need to complete to carry out projection plane in different distance in space first back projection into
Picture, unlike common back projection imaging method, this method is needed using two groups of detectors respectively to different distance in space
On perspective plane carry out independent imaging.
Utilize the above method, it is only necessary to which, by one-shot measurement, two groups of detectors carry out anti-on same projection plane respectively
Two projected images are contrasted, utilize range function formula by projection using location algorithm：
Calculate the ranging evaluation of estimate under.G in formulal(i, j) and Gr(i, j) is respectively left and right sides detector same
Count value of the projected image at i-th row's jth row pixel on one projection plane, N in formulaIWith NrFor the total of projected image
Number.Calculated by this location algorithm for projection plane in different distances, obtain ranging evaluation of estimate and distance
Relation, i.e. ranging appraisal curve, the singular point for observing range function curve judge the distance where radioactive source or SNM.
Advantage of the invention is that：Pass through method provided by the invention, including detector arrangement scheme and quick distance measurement figure
As control methods, existing detecting strategy and method can be overcome the shortcomings of, by once detecting, special nuclear material is measured or put
Source is penetrated to the method for the distance of detector, meets the monitoring requirements to SNM or neutron radiation source.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is neutron scattering camera fast ranging method flow chart；
Fig. 2 is neutron back projection method schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is the projected image in distance for 2m places by backprojection algorithm, (a) for left side detector into image；
(b) it is right side detector institute into image；
Fig. 4 is the projected image in distance for 3m places by backprojection algorithm, (a) for left side detector into image；
(b) it is right side detector institute into image；
Fig. 5 is two groups of detectors at a distance of 4m, when radioactive source distance is 2m, appraisal curve result；
Fig. 6 is two groups of detectors at a distance of 4m, when radioactive source distance is 3m, appraisal curve result；
Fig. 7 is two groups of detectors at a distance of 8m, when radioactive source distance is 3m, appraisal curve result.
Embodiment
A kind of method combination accompanying drawing for neutron scattering camera quick distance measurement provided by the invention is done further below
Explanation, provide three embodiments altogether, but the invention is not restricted to the embodiment provided.
Example 1：
Detector dodges detector, sensitive every group of detector front two rows phase of body height 4cm diameter of phi 6cm using cylindrical liquid
Away from 32.77cm, four detector composition arranged in squares of heel row, two neighboring detector is at a distance of 32.46cm.Two groups of detector phases
Away from 4m (on the basis of the single liquid at front row dodges the centre of form of detector), the cylinder axis of all detectors are parallel to each other and sensitive spy
Survey face both faces towards neutron source or special nuclear material may position.Neutron radiation source is positioned over and two groups of lines of detector two
At a distance of 2m and with front-seat detector same level.
Finding range is set as 0~500cm, and a back projection imaging is carried out every 1cm.If Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 is to be thrown by counter
Image method is respectively at distance 2m and 2.5m, two groups of the left and right detector (horizontal direction in certain area coverage respectively：-100cm
~100cm vertical directions：- 100cm~100cm) projected image.It can be seen that difference of the projected image at 2m is opened in left and right two
It is significantly smaller compared at 2.5m.
By location algorithm, the ranging appraisal curve that final test obtains is as shown in Figure 5, it can be seen that near 200cm
Evaluation result value is minimum, and feature is obvious.
Example 2：
It is essentially identical for the arrangement of neutron scattering camera quick distance measurement, and example 1.Its difference is neutron
Radioactive source be positioned over two groups of lines of detector two at a distance of 3m and with front-seat detector same level.
Finding range is still set as 0~500cm, and a back projection imaging is carried out every 1cm.By location algorithm, most
It is as shown in Figure 6 that obtained ranging appraisal curve is tested eventually, it can be seen that evaluation result value is minimum near 300cm, although feature
Unobvious, but still can determine result by being most worth finding method.
Example 3：
It is essentially identical for the arrangement of neutron scattering camera quick distance measurement, and example 1.Its difference is two groups of spies
Device is surveyed at a distance of 8m, by neutron radiation source be positioned over two groups of detector lines at a distance of 3m and with front-seat detector same level
Place.
Finding range is still set as 0~500cm, and a back projection imaging is carried out every 1cm.By location algorithm, most
It is as shown in Figure 7 that obtained ranging appraisal curve is tested eventually, it can be seen that evaluation result value is minimum near 200cm, although feature
Unobvious, but still can determine result by being most worth finding method.
By the example of above embodiment, illustrating the method for offer of the invention can once be detected by crossing,
Special nuclear material or radioactive source are measured to the distance of detector.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of method for neutron scattering camera quick distance measurement, including arrangement and image comparison method, its feature exist
In：Described arrangement is as follows：Detector is carried out into packet to put, every group of detector is divided to two rows, and every group of sensors' positioning is complete
Complete consistent, front two rows detector forms one group of detector arrangement, and the detection sensitive face of two groups of detectors is as far as possible towards SNM
Or neutron source may place direction；Described image comparison method is as follows：By backprojection reconstruction algorithm, to two groups of detectors point
The independent imaging that the other perspective plane in different distance in space is carried out calculates, and obtains the ranging evaluation of estimate under,
The singular point for observing range function curve judges the distance where radioactive source or SNM (special nuclear material).
A kind of 2. method for neutron scattering camera quick distance measurement according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described
Detector is that liquid dodges detector, and front-seat detector quantity should be greater than rear detector quantity, and the axis of all detectors is mutual
It is parallel.
A kind of 3. method for neutron scattering camera quick distance measurement according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Every group of spy
Survey device rear detector symmetrically to put with front-seat detector, i.e., rear detector is collectively forming the symmetrical cloth of twin shaft with front-seat detector
Put, front two rows detector forms one group of detector arrangement at a distance of 20~40cm.
A kind of 4. method for neutron scattering camera quick distance measurement according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Two groups of spies
The detection sensitive face of device is surveyed as far as possible towards SNM or the possible place direction of neutron source, front-seat detector distance neutron source place
Position should be less than rear detector as far as possible apart from neutron source position, two groups of detectors and SNM or neutron source position
Apart from essentially identical, mutually put distance should with SNM or neutron source may residing for distance it is substantially suitable.
A kind of 5. method for neutron scattering camera quick distance measurement according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described
Backprojection reconstruction algorithm is as follows：For once completely detecting event, the position P of two recoil protons can be obtained1、P2, and
Sedimentary energy Ep1、Ep2Information, while also have flight time (TOF) Δ t of neutron between generation double scattering, join more than
Number, circular cone (axis P where incident neutron energy and incident direction can be reconstructed1P2, half angle θ)：
En=Ep+En′ (1)
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In formula, constant c, mnThe light velocity and middle proton rest mass are represented respectively；
Back projection method is imaged using two dimensional surface, and the two dimensional image of different distance need to be reconstructed by applying it to three-dimensional imaging, will
Whole space exploration is divided into series of parallel imaging plane, for an imaging plane, its gridding is divided into big
Small identical lattice, it is assumed that neutron is by z=z in Z-directionsPlace's transmitting, it occurs to dissipate in two scintillator detector cells
The position penetrated is respectively (x1,y1,z1) and (x2,y2,z2), for elongated cylindrical detector, axial location is by both ends photomultiplier transit
Pipe output signal calculates, and radial position can not measure, and is approximately considered position that neutron interacts with scintillator in axis
On, incident neutron is in z=z in any one occurrencesPosition in plane meets following quadratic equation, i.e. event poppet surface and z=zsIt is flat
The intersecting conic section in face:
[nx(x-x1)+ny(y-y1)+nz(zs-z1)]2=λ2[(x-x1)2+(y-y1)2+(zs-z1)2] (4)
In formula, nx,ny,nzThe component of central axial direction unit vector, λ=cos θ are respectively bored along event.
A kind of 6. method for neutron scattering camera quick distance measurement according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described
The process of distance is as follows where judging radioactive source or SNM (special nuclear material)：Along a certain selected change in coordinate axis direction (X-axis or Y
Axle), coordinate value (x values or y values) is substituted into the binary quadratic equation formula determined by scattering events successively, is switched to unitary two
Equation of n th order n, then determines whether the equation has solution according to the discriminate of solution of equation, is accurately provided if having solution and meets equation
Solution is come and judged whether in imaging region, and step is as follows：
(1) conic wire type is determined according to certain scattering events institute gathered data；
(2) on imaging plane, along a certain axial direction, here exemplified by along Y-axis, each lattice y-coordinate value is brought into the curve side
Cheng Zhong, according to the calculation formula of solution of equation, the x coordinate value of calculated curve intersection point.If in current y0Under value：
Without solution (discriminate be less than zero), then curve and straight line y0=0 does not have intersection point；
There is solution, solve x1、x2Two solutions, if the lattice where x in imaging plane coordinate range, is somebody's turn to do (x, y) is counted one
It is secondary；
(3) all y values are traveled through, statistics meets all lattices of this scattering events, it is assumed that the scattering events neutron source appears in
The probability of these lattices is impartial, and the lattice probability counted in different scattering events is also equal；
(4) and then to next scattering events repeat step (1)~(3)；
(5) each lattice is calculated in all scattering events by metering number, provides the two-dimensional distribution of neutron source；
Complete to carry out back projection imaging to the projection plane in space in different distance first, using two groups of detectors respectively to sky
Between perspective plane in middle different distance carry out independent imaging, two groups of detectors carry out back projection on same projection plane respectively,
Two projected images are contrasted using location algorithm, utilize range function formula：
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Calculate the ranging evaluation of estimate under, G in formulal(i, j) and Gr(i, j) is respectively left and right sides detector same
Count value of the projected image at i-th row's jth row pixel on projection plane, N in formulalWith NrFor the tale of projected image；It is logical
Cross this location algorithm to be calculated for the projection plane in different distances, obtain the relation of ranging evaluation of estimate and distance,
That is ranging appraisal curve, the singular point for observing range function curve judge the distance where radioactive source or SNM.
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| CN111403073A (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2020-07-10 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Multipurpose terminal based on electron accelerator |
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| YU-SHOU SONG ET.AL: "《Influence of experimental conditions on the spectroscopy investigation of 14Be by Coulomb breakup reaction》", 《CHINESE PHYSICS C》 * |
| 席印印 等: "《NE213闪烁体探测器中子探测效率模拟》", 《原子核物理评论》 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111403073A (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2020-07-10 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Multipurpose terminal based on electron accelerator |
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| CN107688175B (en) | 2021-03-30 |
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