CN107687789B - Superconducting fluid heating system - Google Patents
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- CN107687789B CN107687789B CN201710796526.9A CN201710796526A CN107687789B CN 107687789 B CN107687789 B CN 107687789B CN 201710796526 A CN201710796526 A CN 201710796526A CN 107687789 B CN107687789 B CN 107687789B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F23/00—Features relating to the use of intermediate heat-exchange materials, e.g. selection of compositions
- F28F23/02—Arrangements for obtaining or maintaining same in a liquid state
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- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
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Abstract
The invention provides a superconducting liquid heating system which is used for heating, and at least comprises a heat source, superconducting liquid and a low-heat-conduction circulating pipe; the superconducting liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.5 to 5 percent of diglycolamine, 0.01 to 1 percent of sodium polyphosphate, 0.3 to 0.7 percent of benzotriazole derivative, 0.1 to 1.0 percent of sodium nitrite, 5 to 10 percent of sodium chloride and the balance of water.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a heating device in the industrial field, in particular to a superconducting liquid heating system.
Technical Field
The superconductive liquid is a new technology of superconductive heat transfer and high-efficiency heat exchange. Compared with water heating, it has many advantages: 1. the starting temperature is low, and the temperature can be transmitted only by 35 ℃. The strong transfer of water must exceed or reach 100 ℃, the water temperature rise is slow, the transfer is slow, and the general water heating start temperature rise must be carried out for one to two hours to reach the room temperature. The superconductive heating can heat the radiator only in 3-5 minutes, the transmission speed of the superconductive heating is more than several times of that of water heating, and the superconductive heating can transmit more than 15-20 meters per minute; 2. no freezing at 40 ℃ below zero and no hidden danger of freezing equipment. The water heating equipment is arranged in a cold area, and a water pipe and a heating piece can be frozen and cracked as long as the water heating equipment is stopped for one day; 3. the energy is saved, 30-40% of the energy is saved and 100% of the water is saved compared with water heating equipment. Only a small amount of superconducting liquid is needed to be filled for life.
It is a wrong understanding that the key technology of superconducting heat transfer currently considered by the market is in superconducting fluids, which are themselves only a medium for heat transfer, as if they were a vehicle for energy, but not all of the superconducting systems. This is because the superconducting liquid is an essential component for ensuring success, and more importantly, the superconducting liquid used in the application process is not a single superconductor, but a system which includes a heat source, a medium heat absorption phase change (transmission through a pipeline), a heat sink (the superconducting liquid returns to the heat source after condensation and repeatedly circulates and transfers heat); it is a systematic process.
Aiming at the situation, the invention provides a superconducting heating system which at least comprises a heat source, superconducting liquid and a low-heat-conduction circulating pipe, so that the superconducting heating system can conduct effectively, is green and pollution-free, does not corrode a pipeline, does not cause loss of the heat source, and saves cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a superconducting liquid heating system which is used for heating, and at least comprises a heat source, superconducting liquid and a low-heat-conduction circulating pipe;
the superconducting liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.5 to 5 percent of diglycolamine, 0.01 to 1 percent of sodium polyphosphate, 0.3 to 0.7 percent of benzotriazole derivative, 0.1 to 1.0 percent of sodium nitrite, 5 to 10 percent of sodium chloride and the balance of water.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the superconducting liquid comprises, by mass: 0.5-2% of diglycolamine, 0.01-0.5% of sodium polyphosphate, 0.3-0.6% of benzotriazole derivative, 0.1-0.8% of sodium nitrite, 5-8% of sodium chloride and the balance of water.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the superconducting liquid comprises, by mass: 1.2% of diglycolamine, 0.3% of sodium polyphosphate, 0.5% of benzotriazole derivative, 0.3% of sodium nitrite, 6% of sodium chloride and the balance of water.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the benzotriazole derivative is dimethyl benzotriazole.
As an embodiment of the invention, the benzotriazole derivative is 5, 7-dimethyl-1H-benzotriazole.
As an embodiment of the invention, the sodium polyphosphate is sodium dipolyphosphate and sodium tripolyphosphate according to a weight ratio of 1: 2, or a mixture thereof.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the tube wall of the low heat conduction circulation tube has a three-layer structure, i.e., a first layer, a second layer and a third layer from outside to inside.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the preparation raw material of the second layer comprises modified low density polyethylene and perti.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the first layer and the third layer are prepared from the same raw material.
As an embodiment of the invention, the first layer is prepared from polyethylene of the PERT ii type.
Has the advantages that:
1. the superconducting liquid provided by the invention has the advantages that the raw materials for preparing the superconducting liquid are green and pollution-free, and meanwhile, the superconducting liquid has no corrosion effect on metal pipelines;
2. the superconducting liquid system provided by the invention cannot cause heat loss and waste.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1: the structure schematic diagram of the superconducting liquid heating system
FIG. 2: the pipe wall structure of the low heat conduction circulating pipe is shown schematically.
Description of the symbols:
a heat source 1, a superconducting liquid storage tank 2, a low heat conduction circulating pipe 3, a material container 4 to be heated, a first layer 3-1, a second layer 3-2 and a third layer 3-3.
Detailed Description
The disclosure may be understood more readily by reference to the following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention and the examples included therein. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. In case of conflict, the present specification, including definitions, will control.
The term "prepared from …" as used herein is synonymous with "comprising". The terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes," "including," "has," "having," "contains," "containing," or any other variation thereof, as used herein, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a composition, process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such composition, process, method, article, or apparatus.
The conjunction "consisting of …" excludes any unspecified elements, steps or components. If used in a claim, the phrase is intended to claim as closed, meaning that it does not contain materials other than those described, except for the conventional impurities associated therewith. When the phrase "consisting of …" appears in a clause of the subject matter of the claims rather than immediately after the subject matter, it defines only the elements described in the clause; other elements are not excluded from the claims as a whole.
When an amount, concentration, or other value or parameter is expressed as a range, preferred range, or as a range of upper preferable values and lower preferable values, this is to be understood as specifically disclosing all ranges formed from any pair of any upper range limit or preferred value and any lower range limit or preferred value, regardless of whether ranges are separately disclosed. For example, when a range of "1 to 5" is disclosed, the described range should be interpreted to include the ranges "1 to 4", "1 to 3", "1 to 2 and 4 to 5", "1 to 3 and 5", and the like. When a range of values is described herein, unless otherwise stated, the range is intended to include the endpoints thereof and all integers and fractions within the range.
The singular forms "a", "an" and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. "optional" or "any" means that the subsequently described event or events may or may not occur, and that the description includes instances where the event occurs and instances where it does not.
Approximating language, as used herein throughout the specification and claims, is intended to modify a quantity, such that the invention is not limited to the specific quantity, but includes portions that are literally received for modification without substantial change in the basic function to which the invention is related. Accordingly, the use of "about" to modify a numerical value means that the invention is not limited to the precise value. In some instances, the approximating language may correspond to the precision of an instrument for measuring the value. In the present description and claims, range limitations may be combined and/or interchanged, including all sub-ranges contained therein if not otherwise stated.
In addition, the indefinite articles "a" and "an" preceding an element or component of the invention are not intended to limit the number requirement (i.e., the number of occurrences) of the element or component. Thus, "a" or "an" should be read to include one or at least one, and the singular form of an element or component also includes the plural unless the stated number clearly indicates that the singular form is intended.
"Polymer" means a polymeric compound prepared by polymerizing monomers of the same or different types. The generic term "polymer" embraces the terms "homopolymer", "copolymer", "terpolymer" and "interpolymer".
"interpolymer" means a polymer prepared by polymerizing at least two different monomers. The generic term "interpolymer" includes the term "copolymer" (which is generally used to refer to polymers prepared from two different monomers) and the term "terpolymer" (which is generally used to refer to polymers prepared from three different monomers). It also includes polymers made by polymerizing four or more monomers. "blend" means a polymer formed by two or more polymers being mixed together by physical or chemical means.
The invention provides a superconducting liquid heating system which is used for heating, and at least comprises a heat source, superconducting liquid and a low-heat-conduction circulating pipe;
superconducting fluid
The superconducting liquid provided by the invention comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.5 to 5 percent of diglycolamine, 0.01 to 1 percent of sodium polyphosphate, 0.3 to 0.7 percent of benzotriazole derivative, 0.1 to 1.0 percent of sodium nitrite, 5 to 10 percent of sodium chloride and the balance of water.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the superconducting liquid comprises, by mass: 0.5-2% of diglycolamine, 0.01-0.5% of sodium polyphosphate, 0.3-0.6% of benzotriazole derivative, 0.1-0.8% of sodium nitrite, 5-8% of sodium chloride and the balance of water.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the superconducting liquid comprises, by mass: 1.2% of diglycolamine, 0.3% of sodium polyphosphate, 0.5% of benzotriazole derivative, 0.3% of sodium nitrite, 6% of sodium chloride and the balance of water.
Diglycolamine: has a chemical formula of C4H11NO2CAS number 929-06-6, purchased from Shanghai Demaol chemical Co., Ltd.
Sodium polyphosphate: the sodium polyphosphate is prepared from sodium dipolyphosphate and sodium tripolyphosphate according to the weight ratio of 1: 2, or a mixture thereof.
The sodium dimeric phosphate and the sodium tripolyphosphate are purchased from Shanghai Limited company of the national drug group.
Benzotriazole derivatives: the benzotriazole derivative is dimethyl benzotriazole, specifically 5, 7-dimethyl-1H-benzotriazole, has a CAS number of 49636-63-7, and is purchased from Arch Bioscience Company.
The preparation method of the superconducting liquid comprises the following steps:
a. weighing diglycolamine, sodium nitrite, sodium chloride and water according to the component proportion of the superconducting liquid, stirring and mixing at the temperature of 20-25 ℃, and controlling the stirring speed to be more than 500 revolutions per minute;
b. standing and precipitating the stirred materials in the step a, and then stirring again until the materials are uniformly mixed for later use;
c. b, sequentially adding the rest components into the material obtained in the step b in no sequence, adding another component after each component is added, stirring and uniformly mixing until the last component is added, and uniformly mixing to obtain superconducting liquid;
d. and c, hermetically storing the superconducting fluid obtained in the step c in a refrigeration house.
Heat source
The heat source in the present invention refers to a heat source capable of heating the superconducting fluid, and the heat source may be any heating source known to those skilled in the art, such as electric heating, microwave heating, natural gas heating, etc.
Low heat conduction circulating pipe
The low heat conduction circulating pipe is used for transmitting superconducting liquid to a substance to be heated, and in order to avoid heat loss of superconducting heat, the pipe wall of the low heat conduction circulating pipe is of a three-layer structure, namely a first layer, a second layer and a third layer from outside to inside.
The first layer and the third layer are made of the same raw material, and are made of PERT II type polyethylene, and the PERT II type polyethylene is purchased from Dow.
The PERT II type polyethylene is a copolymer of ethylene and hexene, preferably a copolymer of high-density ethylene and hexene, wherein the weight part of the high-density polyethylene is greater than that of hexene, and the weight ratio of the high-density polyethylene to the hexene is 95: (1-5).
The raw materials for preparing the second layer comprise modified low density polyethylene and PERT I.
Modified low density polyethylene
In the invention, the preparation method of the modified low-density polyethylene comprises the following steps:
1. the low-density polyethylene is prepared again: adding low-density polyethylene and toluene into a flask, heating and dissolving under stirring to prepare a solution, wherein the concentration of the low-density polyethylene is 3-10 wt%, cooling to normal temperature, extracting the solution from the prepared solution by using an injector, fixing the injector filled with the low-density polyethylene solution on a sample rack of electrostatic spinning equipment, connecting a power supply anode with an injector needle, connecting a power supply cathode with a collector, starting a sample injection pump and turning on a high-voltage power supply to carry out electrostatic spinning, turning off the high-voltage power supply, the sample injection pump and the collector after the electrostatic spinning is finished, stopping spinning, and collecting a low-density polyethylene crude product;
2. uniformly stirring the low-density polyethylene crude product prepared in the step 1, 2-dimethyl-3-butenoic acid and azobisisobutyronitrile, and heating to react to obtain modified low-density polyethylene;
3. and (3) reacting the low-density polyethylene modified in the step (2) with ethylenediamine to prepare the modified low-density polyethylene.
Wherein, in the step 1,
the low density polyethylene was purchased from Shanghai plastic Rice information technology Co., Ltd., under the designation 2102TX 00.
The spinning of the electrospinning was carried out for 1 day.
The working voltage of the electrostatic spinning is 26 KV.
The spinneret-to-collector distance for the electrospinning was 25 cm.
The push speed of the sample feeding pump is 0.8 ml/h.
The spinneret for electrostatic spinning is a concentric circular double-nozzle, so that the low-density polyethylene prepared by electrostatic spinning is in a hollow tube structure.
In the step 2, the step of the method is carried out,
the adding amount of the 2, 2-dimethyl-3-butenoic acid is 5-20 wt% of the mass of the low-density polyethylene.
The addition amount of the azodiisobutyronitrile is 2-5 wt% of the mass of the low-density polyethylene.
The stirring reaction time is 6 hours, the reaction temperature is 100 ℃, and the reaction time is 2-3 hours.
In the step 3, the step of the method is that,
the reaction time is 8 hours, the temperature of the dehydration section is 140-160 ℃, the temperature of the cyclization dehydration section is 180-210 ℃, and the reaction weight ratio of the modified low-density polyethylene to the ethylenediamine is 0.3: 1.
PERT I: the PERT I is named as PERT DX800, and the manufacturer is Korea SK.
In the invention, the weight ratio of the modified low-density polyethylene to the PERT I is (0.1-1.8): 5, more preferably 1.2: 5.
another aspect of the present invention provides the superconducting liquid heating apparatus, which comprises at least a heat source 1, a superconducting liquid storage tank 2, a low heat conduction circulation pipe 3; superconducting liquid is stored in the superconducting liquid storage tank 2.
The superconducting liquid heating apparatus may further include a substance container 4 to be heated.
The pipe wall of the low heat conduction circulating pipe 3 is of a three-layer structure, namely a first layer 3-1, a second layer 3-2 and a third layer 3-3 from outside to inside.
The mechanism is explained as follows: potassium dichromate and other substances harmful to human bodies are added into common superconducting liquid. In the prior patent, superconducting liquid such as triethanolamine, dichloromethane and the like can be used, but the triethanolamine has a corrosive effect on a pipeline, and the dichloromethane can generate hydrogen chloride after being contacted with water for a long time. The superconducting liquid has a corrosive effect on metal objects, has a remarkable superconducting effect and can reach more than 65 ℃ within 40 seconds. In the invention, the sodium polyphosphate and the benzotriazole derivative can improve the stability and the heat conduction rate of the superconducting liquid, particularly the benzotriazole in the invention is 5, 7-dimethyl-1H-benzotriazole, and the sodium polyphosphate is sodium dipolyphosphate and sodium tripolyphosphate according to the weight ratio of 1: 2, the effect is most obvious.
Meanwhile, the pipe wall of the low heat conduction circulating pipe is of a three-layer structure, and low-density polyethylene is added into the preparation raw materials in the second layer, so that the heat insulation performance of the pipe can be improved, and the heat conduction performance of the pipe can be reduced.
Embodiment 1: the embodiment provides a superconducting liquid heating system for heating, which at least comprises a heat source, superconducting liquid and a low-heat-conduction circulating pipe;
the superconducting liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.5 to 5 percent of diglycolamine, 0.01 to 1 percent of sodium polyphosphate, 0.3 to 0.7 percent of benzotriazole derivative, 0.1 to 1.0 percent of sodium nitrite, 5 to 10 percent of sodium chloride and the balance of water.
Embodiment 2: the superconducting fluid heating system according to embodiment 1, wherein a raw material for preparing the superconducting fluid includes, by mass: 0.5-2% of diglycolamine, 0.01-0.5% of sodium polyphosphate, 0.3-0.6% of benzotriazole derivative, 0.1-0.8% of sodium nitrite, 5-8% of sodium chloride and the balance of water.
Embodiment 3: the superconducting fluid heating system according to embodiment 1, wherein a raw material for preparing the superconducting fluid includes, by mass: 1.2% of diglycolamine, 0.3% of sodium polyphosphate, 0.5% of benzotriazole derivative, 0.3% of sodium nitrite, 6% of sodium chloride and the balance of water.
Embodiment 4: in the superconducting liquid heating system according to embodiment 1, the benzotriazole derivative is dimethyl benzotriazole.
Embodiment 5: in the superconducting liquid heating system according to embodiment 4, the benzotriazole derivative is 5, 7-dimethyl-1H-benzotriazole.
Embodiment 6: the superconducting fluid heating system according to embodiment 1, wherein the sodium polyphosphate is sodium dipolyphosphate and sodium tripolyphosphate in a weight ratio of 1: 2, or a mixture thereof.
Embodiment 7: in the superconducting fluid heating system according to embodiment 1, the pipe wall of the low heat conduction circulation pipe has a three-layer structure, which includes a first layer, a second layer, and a third layer from outside to inside.
Embodiment 8: the superconducting fluid heating system of embodiment 7 wherein the second layer is prepared from a material comprising modified low density polyethylene and PERT I.
Embodiment 9: the superconducting fluid heating system of embodiment 7, wherein the first layer and the third layer are made of the same material.
Embodiment 10: the superconducting fluid heating system of embodiment 7 wherein the first layer is made from polyethylene of the PERT II type.
The present invention will be specifically described below by way of examples. It should be noted that the following examples are only for illustrating the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and that the insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the present invention by those skilled in the art based on the above disclosure are still within the scope of the present invention.
In addition, the starting materials used are commercially available, unless otherwise specified, and the parts used for the following materials are parts by weight.
Example 1: the embodiment provides a superconducting liquid heating system for heating, which at least comprises a heat source, superconducting liquid and a low-heat-conduction circulating pipe;
the superconducting liquid comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 1.2% of diglycolamine, 0.3% of sodium polyphosphate, 0.5% of benzotriazole derivative, 0.3% of sodium nitrite, 6% of sodium chloride and the balance of water.
The diglycolamine is purchased from Shanghai Delhi chemical Co., Ltd; the sodium polyphosphate is composed of sodium dipolyphosphate and sodium tripolyphosphate according to a weight ratio of 1: 2, or a mixture thereof. The sodium dimeric phosphate and the sodium tripolyphosphate are purchased from Shanghai Limited company of the national drug group.
The benzotriazole derivative is dimethyl benzotriazole, specifically 5, 7-dimethyl-1H-benzotriazole with a CAS number of 49636-63-7, and is purchased from Arch Bioscience Company.
The preparation method of the superconducting liquid comprises the following steps:
a. weighing diglycolamine, sodium nitrite, sodium chloride and water according to the component proportion of the superconducting liquid, stirring and mixing at the temperature of 20-25 ℃, and controlling the stirring speed to be more than 500 revolutions per minute;
b. standing and precipitating the stirred materials in the step a, and then stirring again until the materials are uniformly mixed for later use;
c. b, sequentially adding the rest components into the material obtained in the step b in no sequence, adding another component after each component is added, stirring and uniformly mixing until the last component is added, and uniformly mixing to obtain superconducting liquid;
d. and c, hermetically storing the superconducting fluid obtained in the step c in a refrigeration house.
The heat source is electric heating.
The pipe wall of the low heat conduction circulating pipe is of a three-layer structure, and the first layer, the second layer and the third layer are respectively arranged from outside to inside.
The first layer and the third layer are made of the same raw material, and are made of PERT II type polyethylene, and the PERT II type polyethylene is purchased from Dow.
The PERT II type polyethylene is a copolymer of ethylene and hexene, preferably a copolymer of high-density ethylene and hexene, wherein the weight part of the high-density polyethylene is greater than that of hexene, and the weight ratio of the high-density polyethylene to the hexene is 95: 3.
the raw materials for preparing the second layer comprise modified low-density polyethylene and PERTI
The preparation method of the modified low-density polyethylene comprises the following steps:
1. the low-density polyethylene is prepared again: adding low-density polyethylene and toluene into a flask, heating and dissolving under stirring to prepare a solution, wherein the concentration of the low-density polyethylene is 3-10 wt%, cooling to normal temperature, extracting the solution from the prepared solution by using an injector, fixing the injector filled with the low-density polyethylene solution on a sample rack of electrostatic spinning equipment, connecting a power supply anode with an injector needle, connecting a power supply cathode with a collector, starting a sample injection pump and turning on a high-voltage power supply to carry out electrostatic spinning, turning off the high-voltage power supply, the sample injection pump and the collector after the electrostatic spinning is finished, stopping spinning, and collecting a low-density polyethylene crude product;
2. uniformly stirring the low-density polyethylene crude product prepared in the step 1, 2-dimethyl-3-butenoic acid and azobisisobutyronitrile, and heating to react to obtain modified low-density polyethylene;
3. and (3) reacting the low-density polyethylene modified in the step (2) with ethylenediamine to prepare the modified low-density polyethylene.
Wherein, in the step 1,
the low density polyethylene was purchased from Shanghai plastic Rice information technology Co., Ltd., under the designation 2102TX 00.
The spinning of the electrospinning was carried out for 1 day.
The working voltage of the electrostatic spinning is 26 KV.
The spinneret-to-collector distance for the electrospinning was 25 cm.
The push speed of the sample feeding pump is 0.8 ml/h.
The spinneret for electrostatic spinning is a concentric circular double-nozzle, so that the low-density polyethylene prepared by electrostatic spinning is in a hollow tube structure.
In the step 2, the step of the method is carried out,
the adding amount of the 2, 2-dimethyl-3-butenoic acid is 10 wt% of the mass of the low-density polyethylene.
The addition amount of the azobisisobutyronitrile is 3 wt% of the mass of the low-density polyethylene.
The stirring reaction time is 6 hours, the reaction temperature is 100 ℃, and the reaction time is 2 hours.
In the step 3, the step of the method is that,
the reaction time is 8 hours, the temperature of a dehydration section is 150 ℃, the temperature of a cyclization dehydration section is 190 ℃, and the reaction weight ratio of the modified low-density polyethylene to the ethylene diamine is 0.3: 1.
PERT I: the PERT I is named as PERT DX800, and the manufacturer is Korea SK.
In the invention, the weight ratio of the modified low-density polyethylene to the PERT I is 1.2: 5.
the present embodiment provides the superconducting liquid heating apparatus, which comprises at least a heat source 1, a superconducting liquid storage tank 2, a low heat conduction circulation pipe 3; superconducting liquid is stored in the superconducting liquid storage tank 2.
The superconducting liquid heating apparatus may further include a substance container 4 to be heated.
The pipe wall of the low heat conduction circulating pipe 3 is of a three-layer structure, namely a first layer 3-1, a second layer 3-2 and a third layer 3-3 from outside to inside.
Example 2: the difference from the embodiment 1 is that the benzotriazole derivative is 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole.
Example 3: the difference from example 1 is that the benzotriazole derivative is 6, 7-dimethyl-1H-benzotriazole with CAS number 35899-34-4, available from Arch Bioscience Company.
Example 4: the difference from example 1 is that the diglycolamine is replaced by triethanolamine.
Example 5: the difference from example 1 is that the sodium polyphosphate is sodium dimeric phosphate.
Example 6: the difference from example 1 is that the sodium polyphosphate is sodium tripolyphosphate.
Example 7: the difference from the embodiment 1 is that the sodium polyphosphate is sodium dipolyphosphate and sodium tripolyphosphate according to the weight ratio of 1: 1.
Example 8: the difference from example 1 is that the wall of the low heat transfer circulation tube is a single layer and the raw material for the preparation is polyethylene of PERT II type.
Example 9: the difference from example 1 is that the starting material for the preparation of the second layer does not comprise modified low density polyethylene.
Example 10: the difference from example 1 is that the modified low density polyethylene in the raw material for the second layer is prepared as follows:
1. uniformly stirring low-density polyethylene, 2-dimethyl-3-butenoic acid and azobisisobutyronitrile, and heating for reaction to obtain modified low-density polyethylene;
2. and (3) reacting the low-density polyethylene modified in the step (1) with ethylenediamine to prepare the modified low-density polyethylene.
Wherein, in the step 1,
the low density polyethylene was purchased from Shanghai plastic Rice information technology Co., Ltd., under the designation 2102TX 00.
The adding amount of the 2, 2-dimethyl-3-butenoic acid is 10 wt% of the mass of the low-density polyethylene.
The addition amount of the azobisisobutyronitrile is 3 wt% of the mass of the low-density polyethylene.
The stirring reaction time is 6 hours, the reaction temperature is 100 ℃, and the reaction time is 2 hours.
In the step 2, the step of the method is carried out,
the reaction time is 8 hours, the temperature of a dehydration section is 150 ℃, the temperature of a cyclization dehydration section is 190 ℃, and the reaction weight ratio of the modified low-density polyethylene to the ethylene diamine is 0.3: 1.
example 11: the difference from example 1 is that the modified low density polyethylene is prepared as follows:
adding low-density polyethylene and toluene into a flask, heating and dissolving under stirring to prepare a solution, wherein the concentration of the low-density polyethylene is 3-10 wt%, cooling to normal temperature, extracting the solution from the prepared solution by using an injector, fixing the injector filled with the low-density polyethylene solution on a sample rack of electrostatic spinning equipment, connecting a power supply anode with an injector needle, connecting a power supply cathode with a collector, starting a sample injection pump and turning on a high-voltage power supply to carry out electrostatic spinning, turning off the high-voltage power supply, the sample injection pump and the collector after the electrostatic spinning is finished, stopping spinning, and collecting the low-density polyethylene.
Wherein the low density polyethylene is purchased from Shanghai plastic Rice information technology Co., Ltd., trade name 2102TX 00.
The spinning of the electrospinning was carried out for 1 day.
The working voltage of the electrostatic spinning is 26 KV.
The spinneret-to-collector distance for the electrospinning was 25 cm.
The push speed of the sample feeding pump is 0.8 ml/h.
The spinneret for electrostatic spinning is a concentric circular double-nozzle, so that the low-density polyethylene prepared by electrostatic spinning is in a hollow tube structure.
Example 12: the difference from example 1 is that the modified low density polyethylene is prepared as follows: 1. the low-density polyethylene is prepared again: adding low-density polyethylene and toluene into a flask, heating and dissolving under stirring to prepare a solution, wherein the concentration of the low-density polyethylene is 3-10 wt%, cooling to normal temperature, extracting the solution from the prepared solution by using an injector, fixing the injector filled with the low-density polyethylene solution on a sample rack of electrostatic spinning equipment, connecting a power supply anode with an injector needle, connecting a power supply cathode with a collector, starting a sample injection pump and turning on a high-voltage power supply to carry out electrostatic spinning, turning off the high-voltage power supply, the sample injection pump and the collector after the electrostatic spinning is finished, stopping spinning, and collecting a low-density polyethylene crude product;
2. and (2) uniformly stirring the low-density polyethylene crude product prepared in the step (1), 2-dimethyl-3-butenoic acid and azobisisobutyronitrile, and heating to react to obtain the modified low-density polyethylene.
Wherein, in the step 1,
the low density polyethylene was purchased from Shanghai plastic Rice information technology Co., Ltd., under the designation 2102TX 00.
The spinning of the electrospinning was carried out for 1 day.
The working voltage of the electrostatic spinning is 26 KV.
The spinneret-to-collector distance for the electrospinning was 25 cm.
The push speed of the sample feeding pump is 0.8 ml/h.
The spinneret for electrostatic spinning is a concentric circular double-nozzle, so that the low-density polyethylene prepared by electrostatic spinning is in a hollow tube structure.
In the step 2, the step of the method is carried out,
the adding amount of the 2, 2-dimethyl-3-butenoic acid is 10 wt% of the mass of the low-density polyethylene.
The addition amount of the azobisisobutyronitrile is 3 wt% of the mass of the low-density polyethylene.
The stirring reaction time is 6 hours, the reaction temperature is 100 ℃, and the reaction time is 2 hours.
Example 13: the difference from example 1 is that the weight ratio of the modified low density polyethylene to PERT I is 2: 5.
and (3) testing:
1. heating test: 500ml of the superconducting fluids of examples 1 to 7 were put in a 500ml glass beaker, and a heating test was conducted simultaneously using the same 900W electric furnace to measure the time for heating to 70 ℃.
2. The superconducting fluids of examples 1 to 7 were used to determine their thermal conductivities at 30 ℃.
3. Brass, carbon steel and cast iron were subjected to corrosion performance tests in the superconducting fluids of examples 1 to 7.
A level: the surface is smooth, has no spots and rust;
b stage: the surface is not smooth, has spots and is not rusted;
c level: the surface was not smooth, speckled, rusted.
4. The superconducting fluid of example 1 was heated to 80 ℃ and then placed in a sealed vessel prepared from the low heat conduction circulation tubes of examples 1 and 9 to 13 and a sealed vessel prepared from carbon steel for 24 hours, respectively, and the temperature after 24 hours was measured.
And (3) testing results:
wherein the room temperature is 25-28 ℃; the symbol "/" indicates that this test was not performed for this group of examples.
The foregoing examples are illustrative only, and serve to explain some of the features of the present disclosure. The appended claims are intended to claim as broad a scope as is contemplated, and the examples presented herein are merely illustrative of selected implementations in accordance with all possible combinations of examples. Accordingly, it is applicants' intention that the appended claims are not to be limited by the choice of examples illustrating features of the invention. And that advances in science and technology will result in possible equivalents or sub-substitutes not currently contemplated for reasons of inaccuracy in language representation, and such changes should also be construed where possible to be covered by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A superconducting liquid heating system is used for heating, and is characterized by at least comprising a heat source, superconducting liquid and a low heat conduction circulating pipe;
the superconducting liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.5-2% of diglycolamine, 0.01-0.5% of sodium polyphosphate, 0.3-0.6% of benzotriazole derivative, 0.1-0.8% of sodium nitrite, 5-8% of sodium chloride and the balance of water.
2. The superconducting fluid heating system of claim 1, wherein the superconducting fluid is prepared from raw materials comprising, in mass percent: 1.2% of diglycolamine, 0.3% of sodium polyphosphate, 0.5% of benzotriazole derivative, 0.3% of sodium nitrite, 6% of sodium chloride and the balance of water.
3. The superconducting liquid heating system of claim 1, wherein the benzotriazole derivative is dimethyl benzotriazole.
4. The superconducting liquid heating system of claim 3, wherein the benzotriazole derivative is 5, 7-dimethyl-1H-benzotriazole.
5. The superconducting fluid heating system of claim 1, wherein the sodium polyphosphate is sodium dimeric phosphate and sodium tripolyphosphate according to a weight ratio of 1: 2, or a mixture thereof.
6. The superconducting fluid heating system of claim 1 wherein the wall of the low heat conduction circulation tube has a three-layer structure comprising a first layer, a second layer and a third layer from the outside to the inside.
7. The superconducting fluid heating system of claim 6, wherein the second layer is prepared from materials comprising modified low density polyethylene and PERTI.
8. The superconducting fluid heating system of claim 6, wherein the first layer and the third layer are made from the same material.
9. The superconducting fluid heating system of claim 6, wherein the first layer is prepared from PERT II polyethylene.
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