CN107686724B - Ultralow-water-content carbon dioxide fracturing fluid and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Ultralow-water-content carbon dioxide fracturing fluid and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 196
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 125000001165 hydrophobic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229920006318 anionic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229940026110 carbon dioxide / nitrogen Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 208000010392 Bone Fractures Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010017076 Fracture Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000013201 Stress fracture Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003079 shale oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/62—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures
- C09K8/66—Compositions based on water or polar solvents
- C09K8/68—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/84—Compositions based on water or polar solvents
- C09K8/86—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
- C09K8/88—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds macromolecular compounds
- C09K8/882—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/267—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
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Abstract
The invention provides an ultralow-water-content carbon dioxide fracturing fluid and a preparation method thereof. The ultralow-water-content carbon dioxide fracturing fluid comprises the following raw materials by taking the total mass of the ultralow-water-content carbon dioxide fracturing fluid as 100 percent: 3 to 10 weight percent of water, 0.01 to 0.05 weight percent of anionic polymer containing hydrophobic groups, 30 to 50 weight percent of gaseous carbon dioxide or nitrogen and the balance of liquid carbon dioxide. The invention also provides a preparation method of the fracturing fluid. The ultralow-water-content carbon dioxide fracturing fluid can solve the technical problem that thickening and sand carrying of the conventional anhydrous fracturing fluid are difficult, and can also solve the technical problem of large water consumption in the large-scale volume transformation process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fracturing fluid, in particular to a carbon dioxide fracturing fluid with ultralow water content, and belongs to the technical field of fracturing fluids.
Background
With the continuous development of unconventional reservoirs, a fracturing technology capable of effectively developing the reservoirs is more and more important. The unconventional reservoir represented by shale oil gas needs large-scale volume fracturing to realize economic development, and the requirement of energy is made up to a certain extent, but on the other hand, the application of the hydraulic fracturing technology is limited to a certain extent by the problems of environment, flowback fluid treatment, large water demand of conventional fracturing and the like in the using process of the water-based fracturing fluid.
The method adopts the anhydrous or ultralow water-containing fracturing fluid to replace water or reduce the using amount of the water as a fracturing medium, is a green, safe and efficient technology, and is also a future development direction of a fracturing modification technology.
The ultra-low water content and waterless fracturing technology has the following technical advantages: can avoid and reduce the damage of water phase invasion to oil and gas reservoir as far as possible, avoid polluting underground water, and simultaneously most LPG and CO2Or N2The supercritical state can be achieved under the stratum condition, the surface tension of supercritical gas is zero, the fluidity is good, and the gas can enter any space larger than gas molecules, so that the gas can enter micro-fractures which cannot be entered by the conventional water-based fracturing fluid for low-permeability compact oil reservoirs, the gas can communicate with fracture networks in reservoirs to the maximum extent, and the yield can be further improved. Compared with the conventional water-based fracturing, the waterless fracturing has no damage to the stratum, has good effects of increasing production and increasing energy, saves a large amount of water resources, meets the construction requirements of energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection, has a profound significance for clean and efficient development of low-permeability compact oil reservoirs, and has a wide application prospect.
In recent years, research on the anhydrous fracturing technology is always a hotspot of reservoir transformation technologies at home and abroad, and the core problem of the anhydrous fracturing technology is the sand carrying problem of the liquid thickener. Among them, Gasfrac corporation in canada has developed LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) anhydrous fracturing technology for the first time (US20070204991), and the thickener of LPG fracturing fluid is polyalkyl phosphate. In the anhydrous fracturing technology in China, the technology of preparing the liquid butane fracturing fluid (201310359226.6) is developed by the Sheiweixiang and the like from the China institute of Petroleum exploration and development, and comprises a method for synthesizing a thickening agent and a cross-linking agent of the anhydrous liquid butane fracturing fluid and a method for preparing the liquid butane fracturing fluid in a laboratory. The invention discloses a preparation method of a composite fracturing fluid suitable for liquid carbon dioxide, which is applied to a carbon dioxide-drag reduction water composite fracturing method applied by the tension of China Petroleum university (Beijing) and the like (application number is 201610216886.2). The invention patent application of the invention (application number is 201510434208.9) of the invention of the composite fracturing fluid suitable for liquid carbon dioxide, which is applied by the Wangman of China Petroleum and gas Co., Ltd..
The anhydrous fracturing technologies at home and abroad mainly focus on completely adopting LPG or liquid carbon dioxide and the like, but 100% of LPG can achieve better thickening and sand carrying performances, but has larger construction risk and potential safety hazard when being used as fracturing fluid. Compared with LPG, the liquid carbon dioxide fracturing fluid is a completely anhydrous fracturing fluid technology which is safer and more ideal for reservoirs. However, the thickening and sand-carrying performance of the fracturing fluid adopting the liquid carbon dioxide fracturing fluid technology at present has technical difficulties.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the ultralow-water (ultralow-water content means that the water content is less than 10 wt%) carbon dioxide fracturing fluid which is suitable for the transformation of compact oil and gas reservoirs, can greatly reduce the water requirement of the traditional fracturing fluid, simultaneously improves the viscosity of the fracturing fluid, enhances the sand carrying performance of the fracturing fluid and improves the complexity of cracks.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention firstly provides an ultralow aqueous carbon dioxide fracturing fluid, and the ultralow aqueous carbon dioxide fracturing fluid comprises the following raw materials by weight percent based on 100% of the total mass of the ultralow aqueous carbon dioxide fracturing fluid: 3-10 wt% of water, 0.01-0.05 wt% of hydrophobic group-containing anionic polymer, 30-50 wt% of gaseous carbon dioxide or nitrogen and the balance of liquid carbon dioxide, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the raw materials in the ultralow aqueous carbon dioxide fracturing fluid is 100%.
In the ultralow aqueous carbon dioxide fracturing fluid, preferably, the anionic polymer containing the hydrophobic group is partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide, the hydrophobic group of the anionic polymer containing the hydrophobic group is a C12-C22 alkyl hydrophobic group, the molecular weight of the anionic polymer is 10-500 ten thousand, and the anionic group is carboxylic acid or sulfonic acid.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the ultralow-water-content carbon dioxide fracturing fluid, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: dissolving anionic polymer containing hydrophobic groups in water, and stirring and swelling to form polymer solution;
step two: mixing gaseous carbon dioxide or nitrogen with the polymer solution to prepare carbon dioxide foam;
step three: injecting carbon dioxide foam into a closed container with the pressure of 4MPa-5MPa at the temperature of 0-20 ℃ (preferably 20 ℃), injecting liquid carbon dioxide into the container, and continuously stirring for 0.5-10 min (preferably 1min) to obtain the ultralow-water-content carbon dioxide fracturing fluid.
In the above production method of the present invention, preferably, gaseous carbon dioxide or nitrogen is made into a carbon dioxide foam with the polymer solution by a foam generator.
The ultralow-water-content carbon dioxide fracturing fluid provided by the invention is suitable for the reconstruction of compact oil, compact gas and shale gas reservoirs, and is particularly suitable for the large-scale volume reconstruction of unconventional reservoirs of compact oil and gas.
When the ultralow-water-content carbon dioxide fracturing fluid is particularly used for reservoir transformation, the ultralow-water-content carbon dioxide fracturing fluid comprises the following steps of:
dissolving an anionic polymer containing hydrophobic groups in water to form a polymer solution;
in the fracturing process, the polymer solution is mixed with gaseous carbon dioxide or nitrogen, and the mixture enters a mixing brake to be mixed with a propping agent after passing through a foam generator, and then is mixed with liquid carbon dioxide to enter a shaft, so that the modification of a reservoir stratum is completed.
Preferably, the proppant is added in a sand ratio of 2% -25% to 1.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
dissolving anionic polymer containing hydrophobic group in water to prepare polymer solution and putting the polymer solution in a fracturing fluid tank;
in the fracturing process, mixing the polymer solution with gaseous carbon dioxide or nitrogen, forming ultralow-water-content carbon dioxide/nitrogen foam fracturing fluid through a foam generator, feeding the ultralow-water-content carbon dioxide/nitrogen foam fracturing fluid into a mixing brake, and mixing the ultralow-water-content carbon dioxide/nitrogen foam fracturing fluid with a propping agent; selecting proper addition amount of the proppant according to the requirements of site fracturing construction;
the mixture is sent into a high-pressure pipeline by a pump truck, the high-pressure pipeline is connected with a three-way pipeline before entering a wellhead, and the ultralow water-containing carbon dioxide/nitrogen foam fracturing fluid containing the proppant is mixed with liquid carbon dioxide liquid to enter a shaft, so that the reformation of a reservoir stratum is completed.
The ultralow-water-content carbon dioxide fracturing fluid provided by the invention can greatly reduce the water requirement of the traditional fracturing fluid and improve the viscosity of the fracturing fluid. The viscosity of the liquid carbon dioxide is in the range of 0.05-0.13 mP.s, which is 1/10-1/20 of the viscosity of the liquid, the thickening technology of the conventional water-based fracturing fluid is not suitable for thickening the carbon dioxide fracturing fluid, the viscosity of the thickened liquid of the conventional carbon dioxide fracturing fluid can reach 20 mP.s to the maximum, and the thickening multiple is 150-498, while the viscosity of the liquid of the ultralow-water-content carbon dioxide fracturing fluid can reach 70 mP.s to the maximum, which is 3.5 times of the viscosity of the conventional liquid, the thickening effect is remarkable, meanwhile, the sand carrying performance of the fracturing fluid of the ultralow-water-content fracturing fluid is further enhanced, and the complexity of cracks is improved.
The viscosity of the existing carbon dioxide anhydrous fracturing fluid is low and thickening is difficult, so that the carbon dioxide anhydrous fracturing fluid is difficult to carry sand, and construction risk is large.
Compared with the conventional water-based fracturing fluid, the ultralow-water-content carbon dioxide fracturing fluid has the advantages that the water content is very low, the water lock damage can be greatly reduced, and the technical problems of large water consumption and the like in the large-scale volume transformation process can be solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the results of the ultra-low aqueous carbon dioxide foam/carbon dioxide fracturing fluid viscosity test of example 1.
Figure 2 is a graph of the results of the ultra low aqueous carbon dioxide foam/nitrogen fracturing fluid viscosity test of example 2.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below in order to clearly understand the technical features, objects, and advantages of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the practical scope of the present invention.
Example 1
This example provides an ultra low water carbon dioxide foam/carbon dioxide anhydrous fracturing fluid comprising, based on 100% total weight: 10% of liquid water, 0.01% of hydrophobic group polyacrylamide GRF-1H, 40% of gaseous carbon dioxide, and the balance of liquid carbon dioxide.
The ultra-low aqueous carbon dioxide foam/carbon dioxide fracturing fluid of this example can be prepared as follows:
uniformly dispersing hydrophobic group polyacrylamide GRF-1H in water according to a ratio at normal temperature, stirring for 15min at the temperature of 25 ℃, and standing the GRF-1H solution for 4H in a water bath at the temperature of 30 ℃;
mixing the dissolved GRF-1H solution with carbon dioxide gas to form carbon dioxide foam;
mixing the carbon dioxide with liquid carbon dioxide in a high-pressure pipeline in proportion to obtain the ultra-low water-containing carbon dioxide foam/carbon dioxide fracturing fluid.
The ultralow water content carbon dioxide foam/carbon dioxide fracturing fluid prepared in the embodiment is subjected to a fracturing performance test: adopting a high-pressure pipeline rheological experimental device to test the temperature of the high-pressure pipeline rheological experimental device is 10-100 ℃, and the shear rate is 170s-1The viscosity values are shown in FIG. 1.
As can be seen from FIG. 1, the viscosity of the ultralow-water-content carbon dioxide foam/carbon dioxide anhydrous fracturing fluid prepared by the embodiment can be kept above 30 mPa.s, and the ultralow-water-content carbon dioxide foam/carbon dioxide anhydrous fracturing fluid has better temperature resistance and shear resistance.
Example 2
This example provides an ultra low aqueous carbon dioxide foam/nitrogen fracturing fluid comprising, based on 100% total weight: 10% of liquid water, 0.02% of hydrophobic group polyacrylamide GRF-1H, 40% of nitrogen and the balance of liquid carbon dioxide
The ultra-low aqueous carbon dioxide foam/nitrogen fracturing fluid of this example can be prepared as follows:
uniformly dispersing hydrophobic group polyacrylamide GRF-1H in water according to a ratio at normal temperature, stirring for 15min at the temperature of 25 ℃, and standing the GRF-1H solution for 4H in a water bath at the temperature of 30 ℃;
mixing the dissolved GRF-1H solution with carbon dioxide gas to form a carbon dioxide foam system;
and mixing the foam with nitrogen in a high-pressure pipeline in proportion to obtain the ultra-low water-containing carbon dioxide foam/nitrogen fracturing fluid.
The ultralow aqueous carbon dioxide foam/nitrogen fracturing fluid prepared in the embodiment is subjected to fracturing performance test: adopting a high-pressure pipeline rheological experimental device to test the temperature of the high-pressure pipeline rheological experimental device is 10-100 ℃, and the shear rate is 170s-1The viscosity values are shown in FIG. 2.
As can be seen from FIG. 2, the viscosity of the ultralow-water-content carbon dioxide foam/carbon dioxide anhydrous fracturing fluid prepared by the embodiment can be kept above 45 mPa.s, and the ultralow-water-content carbon dioxide foam/carbon dioxide anhydrous fracturing fluid has better temperature resistance and shear resistance.
The above examples illustrate that the ultralow water content carbon dioxide fracturing fluid of the present invention can greatly reduce the water requirement of the conventional fracturing fluid, and at the same time, improve the viscosity of the anhydrous fracturing fluid, enhance the sand-carrying performance of the fracturing fluid, and improve the fracture complexity.
Claims (8)
1. The ultralow-water-content carbon dioxide fracturing fluid is characterized in that the ultralow-water-content carbon dioxide fracturing fluid comprises the following raw materials by taking the total mass of the ultralow-water-content carbon dioxide fracturing fluid as 100 percent: 3-10 wt% of water, 0.01-0.05 wt% of hydrophobic group-containing anionic polymer, 30-50 wt% of gaseous carbon dioxide or nitrogen and the balance of liquid carbon dioxide, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the raw materials in the ultralow aqueous carbon dioxide fracturing fluid is 100%;
the hydrophobic group-containing anionic polymer is partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide with hydrophobic groups of C12-C22 alkyl hydrophobic groups, molecular weight of 10-500 ten thousand and anionic groups of carboxylic acid or sulfonic acid.
2. The method of preparing an ultra low aqueous carbon dioxide fracturing fluid of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: dissolving anionic polymer containing hydrophobic groups in water, and stirring and swelling to form polymer solution;
step two: mixing gaseous carbon dioxide or nitrogen with the polymer solution to prepare carbon dioxide foam;
step three: and injecting the carbon dioxide foam into a closed container with the pressure of 4-5 MPa at the temperature of 0-20 ℃, injecting liquid carbon dioxide into the container, and stirring for 0.5-10 min to obtain the ultralow-water-content carbon dioxide fracturing fluid.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the carbon dioxide foam is prepared by mixing gaseous carbon dioxide or nitrogen with the polymer solution by a foam generator.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the carbon dioxide foam is injected into a closed container at 20 ℃ in the third step.
5. The method according to claim 2, wherein the stirring time in the third step is 1 min.
6. The use of the ultra-low aqueous carbon dioxide fracturing fluid of claim 1, wherein the ultra-low aqueous carbon dioxide fracturing fluid is suitable for the reformation of tight oil, tight gas and shale gas reservoirs.
7. Use according to claim 6, wherein the ultra-low water carbon dioxide fracturing fluid, in particular for reservoir reconstruction, comprises the following steps:
dissolving an anionic polymer containing hydrophobic groups in water to form a polymer solution;
in the fracturing process, the polymer solution is mixed with gaseous carbon dioxide or nitrogen, and the mixture enters a mixing brake to be mixed with a propping agent after passing through a foam generator, and then is mixed with liquid carbon dioxide to enter a shaft, so that the modification of a reservoir stratum is completed.
8. The use of claim 7 wherein the proppant is added in an amount of 2% to 25% sand to 1.
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| CN109233784B (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2020-09-04 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Mixed gas foam fracturing liquid system and preparation thereof |
| CN109372510B (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2020-08-25 | 武汉工程大学 | Method for fracturing limestone top plate by using carbon dioxide and water mixed fluid |
| CN109679643B (en) * | 2019-01-10 | 2020-01-21 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Oxygen-reduced air/liquid CO for shale gas exploitation2Foam fracturing fluid with double interface layers |
| CN114482963B (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2024-08-06 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Reservoir transformation method for hydraulic fracturing and application |
| CN116064024A (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2023-05-05 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Foam fracturing fluid capable of adjusting phase permeability and preparation method thereof |
| CN115873582B (en) * | 2022-12-27 | 2024-07-02 | 泰坦(天津)能源技术有限公司 | Composite carbon dioxide fracturing fluid and preparation method and application thereof |
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