CN107680061A - Dual-polarization SAR image speckle filtering method based on similarity test - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a dual-polarization SAR image speckle filtering method based on similarity test. The technical scheme includes that a similar candidate sample pixel set is selected, and an unbiased estimator is used for filtering. The following steps are adopted when a similar candidate sample pixel set is selected: and selecting a neighborhood by taking each pixel to be filtered in the dual-polarized SAR image as a center, calculating a similarity parameter between any pixel in each neighborhood and the corresponding pixel to be filtered, and selecting the pixels with the similarity parameter larger than a preset threshold in each neighborhood to form a similar candidate sample pixel set of the corresponding pixel to be filtered. The method can adaptively and accurately select the similar candidate sample pixel set, and further realize high-performance speckle filtering of the dual-polarized SAR image.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar, synthetic aperture radar) Imaging remote sensing technical field,
It is related to a kind of dual polarization SAR image phase separation immunoassay method based on similar test.
Background technology
Dual polarization SAR has the ability for obtaining atural object partial polarization information, in acquisition of information, imaging mapping bandwidth and system
Effectively compromised between complexity, and be used widely in numerous areas.As a kind of coherence imaging system, dual polarization
SAR image is had a strong impact on that this brings difficult and challenge to follow-up image understanding and interpretation by coherent spot phenomenon.Carrying out
When target detection, classification and identification etc. are applied, it usually needs the pretreatment of phase separation immunoassay is carried out to SAR image.Performance
Excellent phase separation immunoassay method can protect image detail well while coherent spot is fully suppressed.It is important as one
Pre-treatment step, phase separation immunoassay performance directly affects the effects and precision of follow-up various processing and application.
Generally, the phase separation immunoassay of SAR image mainly includes two steps：First, the choosing of similar candidates sampled pixel collection
Take, second, the structure of unbiased esti-mator device and use.The former is as the key for determining phase separation immunoassay performance, it has also become the field
Research emphasis.And at this stage for the phase separation immunoassay of dual polarization SAR image, it is typically directly to utilize to be directed to single polarization or full pole
Change the filtering method of SAR image.Wherein, common method has Boxcar wave filters, improved Lee wave filters (to refer to document
J.S.Lee,“Refined filtering of image noise using local statistics,”Computer
Graphics and Image Processing, vol.15, pp.380-389,1981), IDAN wave filters (refer to document
G.Vasile,E.Trouve,J.S.Lee and V.Buzuloiu,“Intensity-driven adaptive-
neighborhood technique for polarimetric and interferometric SAR parameters
estimation,”IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,vol.44,
Pp.1609-1621,2006) and extension Sigma wave filters (refer to document J.S.Lee, T.L.Ainsworth, Y.T.Wang
and K.S.Chen,“Polarimetric SAR speckle filtering and the extended Sigma
filter,”IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,vol.53,pp.1150-
1160,2015) etc..The above method only relies upon the energy letter of each POLARIZATION CHANNEL when choosing similar candidates sampled pixel collection mostly
Breath, and the less phase information for considering each POLARIZATION CHANNEL and the matrix information that completely polarizes.For neglecting for these important informations
It may slightly cause the selection of similar candidates sampled pixel collection inaccurate, and then reduce final phase separation immunoassay performance.In addition, only
The partial polarization information that can be obtained with regard to dual polarization SAR, currently also lack with targetedly phase separation immunoassay method.
How effective selection of similar candidates sampled pixel collection is carried out for dual polarization SAR image, and then design one kind
Special dual polarization SAR image phase separation immunoassay method, it is the technological challenge currently faced.Therefore, development one kind is based on
The dual polarization SAR image phase separation immunoassay method of similar test is significant.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of dual polarization SAR image coherent spot based on similar test
Filtering method, this method can adaptively and relatively accurately choose similar candidates sampled pixel collection, and then realize to dual polarization
The high-performance phase separation immunoassay of SAR image.
The technical scheme is that：A kind of dual polarization SAR image phase separation immunoassay method based on similar test, bag
Include and choose similar candidates sampled pixel collection, be filtered using unbiased esti-mator device.Characterized in that, choose similar candidates sample picture
Following step is used during element collection：Neighborhood is chosen centered on the pixel to be filtered of each in dual polarization SAR image, calculates each neighborhood
Similarity parameter lnQ between interior any pixel and corresponding pixel to be filteredA-B, formula is as follows：
lnQA-B=4ln2+ln [Det (CA)]+ln[Det(CB)]-2ln[Det(CA+CB)]
Wherein, CAIt is polarization covariance matrix corresponding to pixel A to be filtered, CBIt is corresponding to any pixel B in its neighborhood
Polarization covariance matrix；For ln to take natural logrithm, Det () is to take matrix determinant.
Select the similar time that similarity parameter in each neighborhood is more than the corresponding pixel to be filtered of pixel composition of pre-determined threshold
This set of pixels of sampling.
Following technique effect is can use to obtain with the present invention
A kind of dual polarization SAR image phase separation immunoassay method based on similar test of the present invention, for bipolar
Change the polarization covariance matrix acquired in SAR, it is proposed that this for the similarity parameter of similitude between two pixels of measurement
Similarity parameter embodies the energy and phase of the complete polarization matrix information and each POLARIZATION CHANNEL acquired in dual polarization SAR
Information.More accurate similar candidates sampled pixel collection can be obtained by thresholding judgement using this similarity parameter, and then
Realize and the high-performance phase separation immunoassay of dual polarization SAR image is handled.The present invention is realized simply, for the figure of different scenes type
As having good robustness, and implement and be convenient to, can be directly used for acquired in various polarization SAR systems
Dual polarization SAR image with different-waveband and different resolution is handled.It is demonstrated experimentally that using obtained by the inventive method
In filtered dual polarization SAR image, not only coherent speckle noise has obtained smoothly, and some of which detail section also obtains
Retain, or even enhancing.Pretreatment of the present invention for dual polarization SAR image, phase separation immunoassay, pattern-recognition, target detection
There are important reference significance and value with application fields such as classification, edge extractings.
Brief description of the drawings
The implementing procedure figure of Fig. 1 present invention；
Fig. 2 UAVSAR obtain the dual polarization SAR data of crop area, and respectively using the Sigma wave filters of extension
The result after phase separation immunoassay processing is carried out to it with the inventive method；
Fig. 3 E-SAR obtain the dual polarization SAR data of construction zone, and respectively using the Sigma wave filters of extension
The result after phase separation immunoassay processing is carried out to it with the inventive method；
Fig. 4 E-SAR obtain orbital region dual polarization SAR data, and respectively using extension Sigma wave filters and
The inventive method carries out the result after phase separation immunoassay processing to it；
Fig. 5 carries out follow-up edge respectively based on the initial data in Fig. 4 and different phase separation immunoassay method acquired results
Detect acquired results；
Fig. 6 Radarsat-2 obtain the dual polarization SAR data on Sea background naval vessel 1, and respectively using extension
Sigma wave filters and the inventive method carry out the result after phase separation immunoassay processing to it；
Fig. 7 Radarsat-2 obtain the dual polarization SAR data on Sea background naval vessel 2, and respectively using extension
Sigma wave filters and the inventive method carry out the result after phase separation immunoassay processing to it；
Fig. 8 Radarsat-2 obtain the dual polarization SAR data on Sea background naval vessel 3, and respectively using extension
Sigma wave filters and the inventive method carry out the result after phase separation immunoassay processing to it；
Fig. 9 carries out follow-up edge respectively based on the initial data in Fig. 6 and different phase separation immunoassay method acquired results
Detect acquired results；
Figure 10 carries out follow-up side respectively based on the initial data in Fig. 7 and different phase separation immunoassay method acquired results
Edge detects acquired results；
Figure 11 carries out follow-up side respectively based on the initial data in Fig. 8 and different phase separation immunoassay method acquired results
Edge detects acquired results.
Embodiment
Technical scheme for a better understanding of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention are made below in conjunction with accompanying drawing further
Description.
Fig. 1 is the implementing procedure figure of the present invention, is mainly made up of three steps.The first step, calculate centered on pixel to be filtered
The similarity parameter matrix of neighborhood.Second step, determine candidate samples set of pixels similar to pixel to be filtered in neighborhood.3rd
Step, treats filtered pixel and is filtered processing.Traversal full figure obtains the result figure after phase separation immunoassay.Above-mentioned steps are specific such as
Under：
If the polarization covariance matrix corresponding to pixel (i, j) to be filtered in dual polarization SAR image is Cij, i=1,
2 ..., I, j=1,2 ..., J, I, J represent the row, column pixel sum of dual polarization SAR image respectively.Then following first is carried out
Walk to the processing of the 3rd step：
The first step, calculate the similarity parameter matrix of the neighborhood centered on pixel to be filtered；
Size is taken using centered on pixel (i, j) to be filtered, and as N × M neighborhood, N, M represent the row, column picture of the neighborhood respectively
Vegetarian refreshments sum (takes odd number, and specific value determines according to actual conditions).The then polarization association in neighborhood corresponding to each pixel
Variance matrix is expressed as C(i+n)(j+m),
In above-mentioned neighborhood, C is calculatedijAnd C(i+n)(j+m)Between similarity parameter lnQij-nm：
lnQij-nm=4ln2+ln [Det (Cij)]+ln[Det(C(i+n)(j+m))]-2ln[Det(Cij+C(i+n)(j+m))]
Work as Cij=C(i+n)(j+m)When, lnQij-nm=0；And work as Cij≠C(i+n)(j+m)When, lnQij-nm＜ 0.Calculate gained
lnQij-nmIt is bigger, then it is assumed that CijAnd C(i+n)(j+m)It is more similar between two corresponding pixels.
To the polarization covariance matrix C of each pixel in neighborhood(i+n)(j+m)Traveled through, you can obtain owning in the neighborhood
Similarity parameter between pixel and center pixel to be filtered, and then form the similarity parameter matrix that dimension size is N × M
lnQij-NM。
Second step, determine candidate samples set of pixels similar to pixel to be filtered in neighborhood；
Based on the neighborhood and its corresponding similarity parameter matrix lnQ that size in previous step is N × Mij-NM, preset a phase
Judge that determination is similar to center pixel to be filtered like degree thresholding th (specific value determines according to actual conditions), and then by thresholding
Candidate samples pixel.Specific i.e. traversal similarity parameter matrix lnQij-NM, when wherein a certain similarity parameter meets condition
lnQij-nmDuring >=th, then the pixel corresponding to it (full figure middle position is set to (i+n, j+m)) is confirmed as and center picture to be filtered
Plain (full figure middle position is set to (i, j)) similar candidate samples.Pass through above-mentioned ergodic process, you can final to determine in neighborhood with treating
The similar candidate samples set of pixels of filtered pixel.
3rd step, treat filtered pixel and be filtered processing；
In N × M neighborhood, it is assumed that the candidate samples sum of all pixels similar to center pixel to be filtered is obtained by previous step
Kij, and corresponding polarization covariance matrix set can be designated asThen with these candidate samples pixels
Result of the average value as pixel to be filtered after phase separation immunoassay processing, i.e.,：
Wherein,For pixel to be filtered polarization covariance matrix corresponding after filtering process.
Each pixel to be filtered in original dual polarization SAR image is traveled through, repeats the above-mentioned first step to the 3rd step, i.e.,
It can obtain result figure of the dual polarization SAR image after phase separation immunoassay processing.
Fig. 2 to Figure 11 is to carry out data and filter result used in contrast experiment.In order to verify the outstanding property of the inventive method
Can, by the inventive method and the Sigma wave filters for the extension for being considered as better performances in the world in all contrast experiments
It is compared, the filtering method and relative parameters setting can refer to document J.S.Lee, T.L.Ainsworth, Y.T.Wang and
K.S.Chen,“Polarimetric SAR speckle filtering and the extended Sigma filter,”
IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,vol.53,pp.1150-1160,2015。
And the subsequent edges detection based on each filtering method acquired results then further can clearly embody different filtering methods and exist
Performance quality substantially, when rim detection is carried out in contrast experiment, using the ROA edge detectors of classics, refers to document
R.Touzi,A.Lopes and P.Bousquet,“A statistical and geometrical edge detector
for SAR images,”IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,vol.26,
pp.764–773,1988。
Fig. 2 is the dual polarization SAR data that UAVSAR obtains crop area, and respectively using the Sigma filtering of extension
Device and the inventive method carry out the result after phase separation immunoassay processing to it.The inventive method relevant parameter is arranged to：Neighborhood
Size N=15, M=15, similarity thresholding th=-0.05.Fig. 2 (a1) and (a2) are respectively the original in HH and VV POLARIZATION CHANNELs
Beginning data, Fig. 2 (b1) and (b2) are respectively initial data to be carried out after phase separation immunoassay in HH using Sigma wave filters of extension
With the result in VV POLARIZATION CHANNELs, Fig. 2 (c1) and (c2) are respectively to carry out coherent spot filter to initial data using the inventive method
Result after ripple in HH and VV POLARIZATION CHANNELs.
As can be seen from Figure 2：Among the region based on vegetation and crops etc., the inventive method is for coherent spot
Smooth effect it is fairly obvious, and have preferable performance in terms of resolution ratio and textural characteristics are kept.Specifically compared to extension
Sigma wave filters, it is directed to along the street lamp on road etc., these mesh can preferably be retained by carrying out processing using the inventive method
Mark, and the details such as grain direction for crops boxed area can also realize relatively sharp reservation.
Fig. 3 is the dual polarization SAR data that E-SAR obtains construction zone, and respectively using the Sigma wave filters of extension
The result after phase separation immunoassay processing is carried out to it with the inventive method.The inventive method relevant parameter is arranged to：Neighborhood is big
Small N=15, M=15, similarity thresholding th=-0.7.Fig. 3 (a1) and (a2) are respectively original in HH and VV POLARIZATION CHANNELs
Data, Fig. 3 (b1) and (b2) be respectively initial data is carried out after phase separation immunoassay in HH using the Sigma wave filters of extension and
Result in VV POLARIZATION CHANNELs, Fig. 3 (c1) and (c2) are respectively to carry out phase separation immunoassay to initial data using the inventive method
Result in HH and VV POLARIZATION CHANNELs afterwards.
Fig. 4 be E-SAR obtain orbital region dual polarization SAR data, and respectively using extension Sigma wave filters and
The inventive method carries out the result after phase separation immunoassay processing to it.The inventive method relevant parameter is arranged to：Size of Neighborhood N
=15, M=15, similarity thresholding th=-0.7.Fig. 4 (a1) and (a2) are respectively the original number in HH and VV POLARIZATION CHANNELs
It is respectively initial data to be carried out after phase separation immunoassay in HH and VV using Sigma wave filters of extension according to, Fig. 4 (b1) and (b2)
Result in POLARIZATION CHANNEL, Fig. 4 (c1) and (c2) are respectively after carrying out phase separation immunoassay to initial data using the inventive method
Result in HH and VV POLARIZATION CHANNELs.
It can be seen that from Fig. 3 and Fig. 4：Based on large amount of building and parking lot or based on a part of track
Among region, it is obvious smooth that the inventive method causes coherent spot effect to obtain, and in terms of resolution ratio and textural characteristics are kept
There is preferable performance.Specifically compared to the Sigma wave filters of extension, street lamp and corner reflector etc. are directed to, uses this hair
Bright method, which carries out processing, can preferably retain these point targets and some other grain details, and in the flat of homogenous region
Sliding and target enhancing etc. also has better performance performance.
Fig. 5 is based on the initial data in Fig. 4 and different phase separation immunoassay method acquired results, carries out follow-up side respectively
Edge detects acquired results.Fig. 5 (a1), (a2), (b1), (b2), (c1) and (c2) be respectively based on Fig. 4 (a1), (a2), (b1),
(b2), the edge detection results of (c1) and (c2) corresponding original image or filtered image.
From figure 5 it can be seen that after carrying out phase separation immunoassay using the inventive method, side is detected as obtained by rim detection
Contrast between edge and background has obtained relatively sharp enhancing, and corresponding false-alarm is less, and the corresponding background in homogenous region
Noise is more smooth, and detects gained edge contour and become apparent from.These are further image segmentation or target detection etc.
Using having established good basis.
Fig. 6 is the dual polarization SAR data that Radarsat-2 obtains Sea background naval vessel 1, and respectively using extension
Sigma wave filters and the inventive method carry out the result after phase separation immunoassay processing to it.The inventive method relevant parameter is set
It is set to：Size of Neighborhood N=15, M=15, similarity thresholding th=-0.7.Fig. 6 (a1) and (a2) are respectively logical in HH and VV polarization
Initial data in road, Fig. 6 (b1) and (b2) are respectively to carry out coherent spot filter to initial data using the Sigma wave filters of extension
Result after ripple in HH and VV POLARIZATION CHANNELs, Fig. 6 (c1) and (c2) are respectively that initial data is carried out using the inventive method
Result after phase separation immunoassay in HH and VV POLARIZATION CHANNELs.
Fig. 7 is the dual polarization SAR data that Radarsat-2 obtains Sea background naval vessel 2, and respectively using extension
Sigma wave filters and the inventive method carry out the result after phase separation immunoassay processing to it.The inventive method relevant parameter is set
It is set to：Size of Neighborhood N=15, M=15, similarity thresholding th=-0.7.Fig. 7 (a1) and (a2) are respectively logical in HH and VV polarization
Initial data in road, Fig. 7 (b1) and (b2) are respectively to carry out coherent spot filter to initial data using the Sigma wave filters of extension
Result after ripple in HH and VV POLARIZATION CHANNELs, Fig. 7 (c1) and (c2) are respectively that initial data is carried out using the inventive method
Result after phase separation immunoassay in HH and VV POLARIZATION CHANNELs.
Fig. 8 is the dual polarization SAR data that Radarsat-2 obtains Sea background naval vessel 3, and respectively using extension
Sigma wave filters and the inventive method carry out the result after phase separation immunoassay processing to it.The inventive method relevant parameter is set
It is set to：Size of Neighborhood N=15, M=15, similarity thresholding th=-0.7.Fig. 8 (a1) and (a2) are respectively logical in HH and VV polarization
Initial data in road, Fig. 8 (b1) and (b2) are respectively to carry out coherent spot filter to initial data using the Sigma wave filters of extension
Result after ripple in HH and VV POLARIZATION CHANNELs, Fig. 8 (c1) and (c2) are respectively that initial data is carried out using the inventive method
Result after phase separation immunoassay in HH and VV POLARIZATION CHANNELs.
It can be seen that from Fig. 6, Fig. 7 and Fig. 8：Among region under Sea background based on naval vessel, the inventive method
Coherent spot effect can be made greatly to reduce, and the Ship Target in figure is at the same time retained.Including single not similar shape
Shape using the inventive method among Fig. 6, Fig. 7 and the Fig. 8 on orientation naval vessel, can effectively overcome showing for coherent speckle noise
As, and resolution ratio, profile and some other details on these naval vessels are kept well.Specifically compared to extension
Sigma wave filters, the inventive method under marine background can preferably smooth coherent spot effect, and to Ship Target carry out more
Clearly to strengthen.
Fig. 9 is based on the initial data in Fig. 6 and different phase separation immunoassay method acquired results, carries out follow-up side respectively
Edge detects acquired results.Fig. 9 (a1), (a2), (b1), (b2), (c1) and (c2) be respectively based on Fig. 6 (a1), (a2), (b1),
(b2), the edge detection results of (c1) and (c2) corresponding original image or filtered image.
Figure 10 is based on the initial data in Fig. 7 and different phase separation immunoassay method acquired results, carries out follow-up respectively
Rim detection acquired results.Figure 10 (a1), (a2), (b1), (b2), (c1) and (c2) be respectively based on Fig. 7 (a1), (a2),
(b1), the edge detection results of (b2), (c1) and (c2) corresponding original image or filtered image.
Figure 11 is based on the initial data in Fig. 8 and different phase separation immunoassay method acquired results, carries out follow-up respectively
Rim detection acquired results.Figure 11 (a1), (a2), (b1), (b2), (c1) and (c2) be respectively based on Fig. 8 (a1), (a2),
(b1), the edge detection results of (b2), (c1) and (c2) corresponding original image or filtered image.
It can be seen that from Fig. 9, Figure 10 and Figure 11：After carrying out phase separation immunoassay using the inventive method, examined by edge
The contrast surveyed between gained naval vessel edge and marine background is stronger, and sea clutter region is more smooth, and corresponding false-alarm is more
It is few.These outstanding performances are applied to the naval vessel of different shape, size and orientation, are further dual polarization SAR
Good basis has been established in the detection of image naval vessel.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of dual polarization SAR image phase separation immunoassay method based on similar test, including choose similar candidates sample picture
Element collection, is filtered using unbiased esti-mator device, it is characterised in that
Following step is used when choosing similar candidates sampled pixel collection：
Neighborhood is chosen centered on the pixel to be filtered of each in dual polarization SAR image, calculates any pixel and phase in each neighborhood
Answer the similarity parameter lnQ between pixel to be filteredA-B, formula is as follows：
lnQA-B=4ln2+ln [Det (CA)]+ln[Det(CB)]-2ln[Det(CA+CB)]
Wherein, CAIt is polarization covariance matrix corresponding to pixel A to be filtered, CBIt is to be polarized corresponding to any pixel B in its neighborhood
Covariance matrix；For ln to take natural logrithm, Det () is to take matrix determinant；
Select the similar candidates sample that similarity parameter in each neighborhood is more than the corresponding pixel to be filtered of pixel composition of pre-determined threshold
This set of pixels.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108764016A (en) * | 2018-03-31 | 2018-11-06 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Polarimetric SAR image ship detection method based on rotation domain characteristics and CNN |
| CN109031294A (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2018-12-18 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Polarized SAR ship target detection method based on similarity test |
| CN110297241A (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2019-10-01 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Context covariance matrix construction method for image processing |
| CN110335214A (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2019-10-15 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Full-polarization SAR image speckle filtering method combining context covariance matrix |
| CN112558066A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-03-26 | 西南电子技术研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所） | Dual-polarization SAR image system |
| CN116385319A (en) * | 2023-05-29 | 2023-07-04 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Radar image speckle filtering method and device based on scene cognition |
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| CN109031294B (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2020-09-08 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Polarized SAR ship target detection method based on similarity test |
| CN110297241A (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2019-10-01 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Context covariance matrix construction method for image processing |
| CN110335214A (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2019-10-15 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Full-polarization SAR image speckle filtering method combining context covariance matrix |
| CN112558066A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-03-26 | 西南电子技术研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所） | Dual-polarization SAR image system |
| CN112558066B (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2023-08-18 | 西南电子技术研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所） | Dual polarized SAR image system |
| CN116385319A (en) * | 2023-05-29 | 2023-07-04 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Radar image speckle filtering method and device based on scene cognition |
| CN116385319B (en) * | 2023-05-29 | 2023-08-15 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Radar image speckle filtering method and device based on scene cognition |
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