CN1076796A - Calculator for scientifically applying fertilizer - Google Patents

Calculator for scientifically applying fertilizer Download PDF

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CN1076796A
CN1076796A CN 93103776 CN93103776A CN1076796A CN 1076796 A CN1076796 A CN 1076796A CN 93103776 CN93103776 CN 93103776 CN 93103776 A CN93103776 A CN 93103776A CN 1076796 A CN1076796 A CN 1076796A
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key
fertilizer
soil
calculator
crop
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牛保平
曹玉智
冯庆凤
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of special calculator that calculates rate of fertilizer application, for the purpose that applies fertilizers scientifically designs, by keyboard, CPU, LCD display and memory are formed, difference balancing method and dissimilar subtraction method of soil fertility with method of fertilization for target yield are made the mathematics model, get the Nutrient Absorption amount of crop specific yield, nutrient content and soil usage factor are constant in the fertilizer, fetch earth earth nutrien utilization coefficient and utilization rate of fertilizer is the relative constant parameter, the classification of available increase and decrease check key is floated and is changed, the input crop varieties, target output, soil nutrien measuring value or blank output, calculating should be executed pure amount of nutrients and implement the chemical fertilizer amount, and computing is fast, the operation letter, standard as a result, easily popularize.

Description

Calculator for scientifically applying fertilizer
The present invention relates to a kind of special calculator, relate to a kind of special calculator that is used to calculate rate of fertilizer application or rather.
Farmland fertilizer is to apply fertilizer by rule of thumb by the fertile situation in soil for a long time, along with increasing of the development of chemical fertilizer industries such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and grain, wet goods industrial crops varieties of plant, applying fertilizers scientifically according to crop varieties, soil regime, fertilizer situation etc. becomes the major issue of agricultural production.
Generally be with in fertilizer effect (recurrence) the equation input microcomputer by means of the Microcomputer Calculation optimum fertilizing amount at present, by differentiating, try to achieve the optimum spraying amount of fertilizer,, in use have the shortcoming of following several respects though this method can reflect the fertilizer effect under the actual conditions more objectively:
1) must therefore, need expend certain fund and time based on field test owing to obtain the fertilizer effect regression equation for obtaining a large amount of, reliable data;
2) the fertilizer effect regression equation only reflects the fertilizer effect under the actual conditions, therefore has strict region, can not apply mechanically everywhere, even areal can not be applied mechanically by the timeliness restriction every year;
3) computings such as recurrence, differential have increased the technology implementation difficulty, and especially above two factors or the multilevel Fertilizer Test of Regression Design of three factors of a factor more is difficult to grasp, and influence it and promote and popularize and use;
4) the microcomputer price is relatively costly, be vast farmers can not bear.
The objective of the invention is to design a kind of calculator for scientifically applying fertilizer,, have characteristics such as simple to operate, that volume is little, price is low, easily popularize in order to overcome above-mentioned shortcoming.
Calculator for scientifically applying fertilizer of the present invention, with the balance fertilizing theory is basic engineering, only need a few characteristic features parameter of the relevant soil of input, crop, fertilizer aspect, by the counter internally stored program from row operation, can obtain nitrogen, the phosphorus of corresponding crop this season, the optimum fertilizing amount of potash fertilizer.
The method of fertilization for target yield that Soil Loss scholar Truog proposes is to use formulated fertilization method more widely at present in the world, and promptly to realize difference that required nutrient of crop target output and soil can the supply nutrient foundation of nutrient as a supplement, its basic formula is:
Rate of fertilizer application (the scale)=crop of the certain target output of formation is carried amount of nutrients-soil outside and can support component
Said method has developed into the computing formula of two kinds of chemical fertilizer quantities of goods produced at present through repeatedly revising, and promptly nutrient balancing method (seeing the I formula) and dissimilar subtraction method of soil fertility (seeing the II formula) are applicable to respectively to possess to survey native condition and do not possess the area of surveying native condition and use.
The nutrient uptake (kg/100kg) of a=target output (kg/ mu) * crop specific yield
B=soil nutrient measured value (ppm) * 0.15 * soil nutrient usage factor (kg/ mu) * soil usage factor
Nutrient content (%) in the c=fertilizer * utilization rate of fertilizer (%)
Rate of fertilizer application (kg/ mu)=(a-b)/(c) ... the I formula
E=(target output-blank output) (kg/ mu)
The nutrient uptake (kg/100kg) of f=crop specific yield
Rate of fertilizer application (kg/ mu)=(e * f)/(c) ... the II formula
In last two formulas, target output is meant the high yield level that may reach under certain working condition, generally multiply by a suitable volume increase coefficient with first three annual output and determines (can not arbitrarily infinitely increase) as 1.05～1.20.Blank output is meant the output when crop is not applied fertilizer.
The method of fertilization for target yield clear concept is grasped easily, is suitable for the counter operation, provides precondition for realizing purpose of the present invention.But the way in the past of variable parameter is to try to achieve by biologic test in the method for fertilization for target yield, waste time and energy, push away " back stubble " because be with " preceding stubble " result, so rate of fertilizer application that calculates, it can only be a kind of simulation rate of fertilizer application, the present invention is solidificated in reliable mathematical model and corresponding constant in the circuit chip, the gradable unsteady correction of the keyboard operation by importing relevant crop, soil, fertilizer characteristic parameter and the partial parameters of relative constantization, make operation result accurate, have more specific aim, the utilization of method of fertilization for target yield is simplified, fast.
For example nutrient content and soil usage factor are constant in the nutrient uptake of the crop specific yield in I-II formula, the fertilizer, crop target output, blank output and soil nutrient measured value are input value at random, and soil nutrient usage factor and utilization rate of fertilizer are as the parameter of gradable unsteady correction.
Calculator for scientifically applying fertilizer of the present invention comprises keyboard, CPU CPU (central processing unit), by data file and LCD display that EPROM and RAM form, it is characterized in that described keyboard comprises:
1) is used for the check key that soil nutrient usage factor and utilization rate of fertilizer classification are floated and proofreaied and correct, comprises that soil nutrient usage factor check key, chemical fertilizer utilization ratio check key and the tentering that is intermediate value with big probability state thereof increase, subtract key;
2) by blank output enter key, target output enter key, soil N, P 2O 5, K 2O measured value enter key and should execute pure nutrient amount N, P 2O 5, K 2The functional key that the O pick-up key is formed;
3) comprise the crop varieties key of field crop and vegetable crop;
4) fertilizer variety key;
5) ten key and decimal key.
The present invention adopts the following order operation: the input crop varieties, form the 100 kilograms of required nutrient amount parameter of economic yield → input target outputs to extract, and try to achieve crop and carry nutrient amount → input soil N, P outside 2O 5, K 2O measured value (ppm) or blank output are extracted soil nutrient usage factor → calculating and should be executed N, P 2O 5, K 2Pure nutrient amount → input fertilizer variety of O is with N, the P that extracts this chemical fertilizer 2O 5, K 2The nutrient content of O and utilization factor → calculating applying quantity of chemical fertilizer net result.Step 2 and 3, can carry out soil nutrient usage factor and proofread and correct, can carry out the chemical fertilizer utilization ratio correction in step 4 with 5, can carry out integrated calibration as a result step 5 and 6.
The present invention with the nutrient uptake of specific yield corresponding in I, the II formula, soil usage factor with crop varieties, with the corresponding fertilizer of each fertilizer variety in N, P 2O 5, K 2O nutrient content and numerical value 0.15 with the constant fixed storage in database, and with soil nutrient usage factor and chemical fertilizer utilization ratio parameter as gradable unsteady correction, participate in computing with its intermediate value generally speaking, when needing by operating check key, intermediate value is increased, subtracts the back to be used, do the constant amplitude increase and decrease for the also available check key of the net result of applying quantity of chemical fertilizer, to satisfy the requirement of different regions, different time variation.Input crop varieties, target output, soil test value or blank output, Automatic Program calculates the pure nutrient amount that should execute earlier by I formula or II formula, behind the input fertilizer variety, calculate the actual amount of application of used chemical fertilizer again, and show by LCD screen, also can connect in a narrow margin (paper slip) printer prints and go out relevant data.
Further specify technology of the present invention below in conjunction with the embodiment accompanying drawing.
Accompanying drawing 1 is the calculator for scientifically applying fertilizer functional-block diagram.
Accompanying drawing 2 is a calculator for scientifically applying fertilizer panel synoptic diagram.
Referring to accompanying drawing 1,10 is keyboard, and 20 is the CPU CPU (central processing unit), and 30 is memory, and 40 is the LCD LCD, sends into raw data and compute mode by keyboard 10, and CPU20 moves internal processes, send LCD40 to show result of calculation.Embodiment C PU takes the timing controlled mode to keyboard, at regular intervals, to keyboard scan once, CPU can respond key input request at any time, CPU80C31 is by the data file of P0 mouth and external EPROM27C64 of P1 mouth and RAM6116 composition, with the capacity of expanding program storage and data-storing.There is 100 kilograms of required nutrient amounts of economic yield of I, II formula mathematical model and crop and formation table of comparisons in the memory, fertilizer variety, code name and its N, P 2O 5, K 2The O nutrient content and the utilization factor table of comparisons, soil nutrient usage factor is proofreaied and correct the amplitude table of comparisons, and chemical fertilizer utilization ratio is proofreaied and correct the amplitude table of comparisons, and the chemical fertilizer result of implementation integrated calibration amplitude table of comparisons and phosphorus, potassium content exchange counting rate meter.
When CPU receives the external keyboard input, promptly data are handled, and send LCD to show the result, the display part is a kind of LCD module of being made up of LCD plate, pcb board, control Driver Circuit, be with the controlling and driving of large-scale application-specific integrated circuit as dot matrix, CPU only needs output data and instruction can realize needed demonstration.
Referring to accompanying drawing 2, the calculator for scientifically applying fertilizer of box structure, design has power switch K on the panel, LCD display 40 and the keyboard of being made up of 4 * 8 buttons.
Display screen 40 is pointed out each step operating function in the code name mode successively by operation steps from left to right on screen, comprise fertilizer variety, crop varieties, target output, native measured value/blank output, chemical fertilizer content and fertilising result.
4 * 8 keyboards, C key are clear key, and the 2nd key is second function manipulation key, are knocking the key that knocks again behind the 2nd key, second kind of key justice of this key of expression input.The first key justice of each key is labeled on the key position, and the second key justice is labeled in each below, key position.
101 districts are for proofreading and correct key-position area among the figure, comprise soil nutrient usage factor check key, chemical fertilizer utilization ratio check key and operation result integrated calibration key, + 2 ,+1 ,-1 ,-2 be the not constant amplitude increasing-and-decreasing key of each parameter correction, its using method is, the variable parameter in I, the II formula is divided into Pyatyi, promptly+2 ,+1,0 ,-1 ,-2 five state, 0 state is the big probability state on the statistical significance, also be intermediateness,, directly do not call generally speaking and need float with the constant fixed storage.For example the intermediate value of soil nutrient usage factor is A ,+2 ,+1 ,-1 ,-2 expression with its value be corrected to A+2, A+1, A-1, A-2 use; If intermediate value is the correction of the chemical fertilizer utilization ratio of B, then respectively its value is corrected to B+15%, B+7.5%, B-7.5%, B-15% use, if operation result is the integrated calibration of C, then be corrected to 1.2C, 1.1C, 0.9C and 0.8C respectively.
When actual output and target output differ greatly, then need proofread and correct, timing is wanted reference crop nutritional deficiency symptom and every influence factor.
102 districts comprise the input of N alkaline hydrolysis measured value, available P for soil test value input key-position area among the figure 2O 5Measured value input and quick-acting K 2The input of O measured value, unit is ppm.
103 districts comprise N, P for should execute pure nutrient amount pick-up key among the figure 2O and K 2The pure nutrient amount of O is extracted, and knocks each key, and display screen shows that the intermediate operations result is required N, P 2O 5, K 2The pure fertile amount of O.
Other function keys comprise target output and blank output enter key, import each characteristic ginseng value in conjunction with ten key and decimal key.
The second key justice of most of key is crop varieties and fertilizer variety, comprise wheat, corn, paddy rice, watermelon, peanut that belongs to field crop and the Chinese cabbage that belongs to vegetable crop, tomato, cucumber, celery, cauliflower, cabbage, Hu Luobu, pimento, asparagus lettuce, eggplant, wax gourd, dish frame beans etc., as long as there is vacant key position to be provided with arbitrarily.Chemical fertilizer comprises urea, sulphur ammonium, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, carbon ammonium, general calcium, coarse whiting, an ammonium, two ammoniums, glazier's salt, potassium chloride etc., and crop varieties and fertilizer variety are arranged in the position that indicates the a-z letter among the figure.
For increasing function, make a tractor serves several purposes, keyboard also be provided with arithmetic (+-* ÷), storage (M+, M-, MR), common calculation keys and P and P such as percent %, evolution 2O 5, K and K 2Different conditions phosphorus content between O, potassium content exchange function key P P 2O 5, K K 2O.
Rate of fertilizer application during for the following nitrogen of ternary and ternary, phosphorus, potash fertilizer kind cooperation fertilising is arbitrarily calculated, with soil nutrient usage factor check key and adjacent soil test value enter key N, P thereof 2O 5, K 2Second key justice input nitrogen of O, phosphorus, potassium content are respectively first kind of chemical fertilizer F1 of N1, P1, K1; With the chemical fertilizer utilization ratio check key and adjacent should execute pure nutrient amount pick-up key N, P 2O 5, K 2Second key justice input nitrogen of O, phosphorus, potassium content are respectively second kind of chemical fertilizer F2 of N2, P2, K2, be respectively the third chemical fertilizer F3 of N3, P3, K3 with integrated calibration key as a result and adjacent memory key MR, M-, second key justice input nitrogen of M+, phosphorus, potassium content thereof, through the solving equation group, can calculate the enforcement quantity of goods produced of three kinds of chemical fertilizer F1, F2, F3.Wherein two extreme cases are that N1-N3, P1-P3, K1-K3 are all greater than zero-sum F1, F2, F3 during separately only for nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer.
Below in conjunction with calculated examples explanation counter work main flow.
Example 1 crop varieties is a wheat, and target output is 400 kilograms/mu, and the soil test value is alkaline hydrolysis 56ppm, available P 2O 5Be 28ppm, quick-acting K 2O 5Be 45ppm, fertilizer variety is urea, coarse whiting, glazier's salt, calculates three kinds of fertilizer enforcement amounts.
Operation and demonstration see the following form:
Figure 93103776X_IMG5
Result of calculation is that urea should be executed 43.2 kilograms/mu, and coarse whiting should be executed 37.5 kilograms/mu, and glazier's salt should be executed 13 kilograms/mu.
Example 2, crop varieties are wheat, and target output is 400 kilograms/mu, and blank output is 235 kilograms/mu, and fertilizer variety is urea, coarse whiting, glazier's salt, calculate three kinds of fertilizer enforcement amounts.
Operation and step display see the following form:
Result of calculation is that urea should be executed 30.7 kilograms/mu, and coarse whiting should be executed 26.6 kilograms/mu, and glazier's salt should be executed 16.6 kilograms/mu.
The utilization counter calculates rate of fertilizer application, the blindness and the one-sidedness of fertilising have been overcome, avoid throwing fertile excessive or the fertile deficiency of throwing, this computer operation is quick, easy and simple to handle, be not subjected to the space-time restriction, easily popularize, dedicated computing combines with common calculating, be suitable for peasant and rural science and technology personnel and use, also can be for the usefulness of small compound fertilizer factory exploitation fertilizer formula.

Claims (4)

1, a kind of calculator for scientifically applying fertilizer comprises keyboard, CPU CPU (central processing unit), by data file and LCD display that EPROM and RAM form, it is characterized in that described keyboard comprises:
1) is used for the check key that soil nutrient usage factor and utilization rate of fertilizer classification are floated and proofreaied and correct, comprises that soil nutrient usage factor check key, chemical fertilizer utilization ratio check key and the tentering that is intermediate value with big probability state thereof increase, subtract key;
2) by blank output enter key, target output enter key, soil test value alkaline hydrolysis N, available P 2O 5, quick-acting K 2O enter key and should execute pure nutrient amount N, P 2O 5, K 2The functional key that the O pick-up key is formed;
3) comprise the crop varieties key of field crop and vegetable crop;
4) fertilizer variety key;
5) ten key and decimal key.
2, calculator for scientifically applying fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that described keyboard also comprises the exchange function key of phosphorus content P and P205 and the exchange function key of potassium content K and K20.
3, calculator for scientifically applying fertilizer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described keyboard also comprise arithmetic (+-* ÷), the storage (M+, M-, MR), percent % evolution Common calculation keys.
4, calculator for scientifically applying fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that described keyboard also comprises the second function manipulation key 2nd.
CN 93103776 1993-04-20 1993-04-20 Calculator for scientifically applying fertilizer Pending CN1076796A (en)

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103425897A (en) * 2013-09-02 2013-12-04 中国动物卫生与流行病学中心 Sampling amount calculator for estimating prevalence rate of animal diseases
CN101339183B (en) * 2007-07-06 2014-03-12 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 Method for determining dry land optimum phosphorus application amount
CN104429269A (en) * 2014-11-28 2015-03-25 广西壮族自治区农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 Double-target fertilizer application method
CN109118382A (en) * 2018-08-23 2019-01-01 吉林省土壤肥料总站 The method for building up and application of soil moisture content and dose relational model
CN109169076A (en) * 2018-09-11 2019-01-11 广东海纳农业研究院 A method of it improving fine quality rice variety ivory perfume (or spice) and accounts for lodging resistant force
CN109892091A (en) * 2019-03-19 2019-06-18 固安京蓝云科技有限公司 Intelligent fertilizing method and device, server

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101339183B (en) * 2007-07-06 2014-03-12 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 Method for determining dry land optimum phosphorus application amount
CN103425897A (en) * 2013-09-02 2013-12-04 中国动物卫生与流行病学中心 Sampling amount calculator for estimating prevalence rate of animal diseases
CN103425897B (en) * 2013-09-02 2016-08-10 中国动物卫生与流行病学中心 Estimate the amount of sampling computer of Animal diseases prevalence rate
CN104429269A (en) * 2014-11-28 2015-03-25 广西壮族自治区农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 Double-target fertilizer application method
CN109118382A (en) * 2018-08-23 2019-01-01 吉林省土壤肥料总站 The method for building up and application of soil moisture content and dose relational model
CN109118382B (en) * 2018-08-23 2021-08-10 吉林省土壤肥料总站 Method for establishing relation model of soil moisture content and fertilizing amount and application
CN109169076A (en) * 2018-09-11 2019-01-11 广东海纳农业研究院 A method of it improving fine quality rice variety ivory perfume (or spice) and accounts for lodging resistant force
CN109892091A (en) * 2019-03-19 2019-06-18 固安京蓝云科技有限公司 Intelligent fertilizing method and device, server
CN109892091B (en) * 2019-03-19 2021-10-08 固安京蓝云科技有限公司 Intelligent fertilizing method and device and server

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